801
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Trost BM, Thaisrivongs DA, Hartwig J. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylations of polynitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12439-41. [PMID: 21770467 DOI: 10.1021/ja205523e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) reaction of a variety of nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles, including pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, quinoxaline, and benzoimidazole derivatives. The mesityl ester, whose steric bulk prevents competitive deacylation of the electrophile from "hard" nucleophiles, is introduced as a new leaving group in allylic alkylation chemistry. In contrast to our previous studies of AAA reactions with pyridine-based substrates, no precomplexation with a Lewis acid is required before deprotonation with LiHMDS, underscoring the relative acidity of these electron-deficient nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States.
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802
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A flow-microreactor approach to protecting-group-free synthesis using organolithium compounds. Nat Commun 2011; 2:264. [PMID: 21468016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protecting-group-free synthesis has received significant recent research interest in the context of ideal synthesis and green sustainable chemistry. In general, organolithium species react with ketones very rapidly, and therefore ketone carbonyl groups should be protected before an organolithium reaction, if they are not involved in the desired transformation. If organolithium chemistry could be free from such a limitation, its power would be greatly enhanced. Here we show that a flow microreactor enables such protecting-group-free organolithium reactions by greatly reducing the residence time (0.003 s or less). Aryllithium species bearing ketone carbonyl groups are generated by iodine-lithium exchange reactions of the corresponding aryl iodides with mesityllithium and are reacted with various electrophiles using a flow-microreactor system. The present method has been successfully applied to the formal synthesis of Pauciflorol F.
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803
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Thomas GL, Johannes CW. Natural product-like synthetic libraries. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2011; 15:516-22. [PMID: 21684804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of chemical matter suitably poised for effective drug development. Improving the quality and efficiency of research early on in the drug discovery process has been a long standing objective for the drug industry and improvements to the accessibility and quality of compound screening decks might have a significant and positive impact. In the absence of specific molecular information that can be modeled and used predicatively we are far from identifying which small molecules are most relevant to emerging biological targets such as protein-protein interactions. Natural products have been historically successful as an entry point for drug discovery and recently screening libraries are being synthesized to emulate natural product like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Thomas
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Organic Chemistry, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
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804
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Wender PA, Buschmann N, Cardin NB, Jones LR, Kan C, Kee JM, Kowalski JA, Longcore KE. Gateway synthesis of daphnane congeners and their protein kinase C affinities and cell-growth activities. Nat Chem 2011; 3:615-9. [PMID: 21778981 PMCID: PMC3144521 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The daphnane diterpene orthoesters constitute a structurally fascinating family of natural products that exhibit a remarkable range of potent biological activities. Although partial activity information is available for some natural daphnanes, little information exists for non-natural congeners or on how changes in structure affect mode of action, function, potency or selectivity. A gateway strategy designed to provide general synthetic access to natural and non-natural daphnanes is described and utilized in the synthesis of two novel members of this class. In this study, a commercially available tartrate derivative was elaborated through a key late-stage diversification intermediate into B-ring yuanhuapin analogues to initiate exploration of the structure-function relationships of this class. Protein kinase C was identified as a cellular target for these agents, and their activity against human lung and leukaemia cell lines was evaluated. The natural product and a novel non-natural analogue exhibited significant potency, but the epimeric epoxide was essentially inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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805
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Oonishi Y, Hosotani A, Sato Y. Rh(I)-Catalyzed Formal [6 + 2] Cycloaddition of 4-Allenals with Alkynes or Alkenes in a Tether. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10386-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203824v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Oonishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihito Hosotani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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806
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Herrmann AT, Martinez SR, Zakarian A. A concise asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-brevisamide. Org Lett 2011; 13:3636-9. [PMID: 21678904 DOI: 10.1021/ol201283n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new protecting-group-free synthesis of the marine monocyclic ether (+)-brevisamide is reported. The enantioselective synthesis utilizes a key asymmetric Henry reaction and an Achmatowicz rearrangement for the formation of the tetrahydropyran ring. A penultimate Stille cross-coupling allows for an efficient installation of the conjugated (E,E)-diene side chain ultimately delivering (+)-brevisamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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807
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607‐7061, USA, Fax: +1‐312‐996‐0431
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607‐7061, USA, Fax: +1‐312‐996‐0431
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808
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Targeting oncogenic protein-protein interactions by diversity oriented synthesis and combinatorial chemistry approaches. Molecules 2011; 16:4408-27. [PMID: 21623312 PMCID: PMC6264371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently witnessing a decline in the development of efficient new anticancer drugs, despite the salient efforts made on all fronts of cancer drug discovery. This trend presumably relates to the substantial heterogeneity and the inherent biological complexity of cancer, which hinder drug development success. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are key players in numerous cellular processes and aberrant interruption of this complex network provides a basis for various disease states, including cancer. Thus, it is now believed that cancer drug discovery, in addition to the design of single-targeted bioactive compounds, should also incorporate diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and other combinatorial strategies in order to exploit the ability of multi-functional scaffolds to modulate multiple protein-protein interactions (biological hubs). Throughout the review, we highlight the chemistry driven approaches to access diversity space for the discovery of small molecules that disrupt oncogenic PPIs, namely the p53-Mdm2, Bcl-2/Bcl-xL-BH3, Myc-Max, and p53-Mdmx/Mdm2 interactions.
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809
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Brusoe AT, Alexanian EJ. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Ene-Allene-Allene [2+2+2] Cycloadditions: Stereoselective Synthesis of Complex trans-Fused Carbocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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810
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Brusoe AT, Alexanian EJ. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Ene-Allene-Allene [2+2+2] Cycloadditions: Stereoselective Synthesis of Complex trans-Fused Carbocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6596-600. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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811
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Trost BM, Taft BR, Masters JT, Lumb JP. A new strategy for the synthesis of chiral β-alkynyl esters via sequential palladium and copper catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8502-5. [PMID: 21557627 DOI: 10.1021/ja203171x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of chiral β-alkynyl esters which relies on sequential Pd and Cu catalysis is reported. Terminal alkynes bearing aryl, alkyl, and silyl groups can be employed without prior activation yielding a wide range of important chiral building blocks. The reaction sequence utilizes a robust Pd(II)-catalyzed hydroalkynylation of ynoates with terminal alkynes providing geometrically pure ynenoates which are readily reduced by CuH. In contrast to previous reports, where additions to ynenoates proceed with marginal preference for the 1,6-pathway, this conjugate reduction occurs with high 1,4-selectivity yielding β-alkynyl esters with excellent levels of enantioselectivity. Importantly, the method tolerates a wide range of functionality, including allylic carbonates and carbamates, and thus allows for rapid elaboration of the β-alkynyl esters into a variety of chiral, substituted heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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812
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Stokes BJ, Driver TG. Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Formation of N‐Heterocycles via Aryl‐ or Vinyl C–H Bond Amination. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Stokes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tom G. Driver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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813
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Yazaki R, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Cooperative activation of alkyne and thioamide functionalities; direct catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of terminal alkynes to α,β-unsaturated thioamides. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1778-90. [PMID: 21538905 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of the direct catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of terminal alkynes to α,β-unsaturated thioamides is described. A soft Lewis acid/hard Brønsted base cooperative catalyst, comprising [Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)]PF(6), bisphosphine ligand, and Li(OC(6)H(4)-p-OMe) simultaneously activated both substrates to compensate for the low reactivity of copper alkynylide. A series of control experiments revealed that the intermediate copper-thioamide enolate functioned as a Brønsted base to generate copper alkynylide from the terminal alkyne, thus driving the catalytic cycle through an efficient proton transfer between substrates. These findings led to the identification of a more convenient catalyst using potassium hexamethyldisilazane (KHMDS) as the Brønsted base, which was particularly effective for the reaction of silylacetylenes. Divergent transformation of the thioamide functionality and a concise enantioselective synthesis of a GPR40 receptor agonist AMG-837 highlighted the synthetic utility of the present catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yazaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
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814
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Zaware N, LaPorte MG, Farid R, Liu L, Wipf P, Floreancig PE. Diversity-oriented synthesis of a library of substituted tetrahydropyrones using oxidative carbon-hydrogen bond activation and click chemistry. Molecules 2011; 16:3648-62. [PMID: 21540794 PMCID: PMC6263335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16053648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen (2RS,6RS)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(substituted ethyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)ones were synthesized via a DDQ-mediated oxidative carbon-hydrogen bond activation reaction. Fourteen of these tetrahydropyrans were substituted with triazoles readily assembled via azide-alkyne click-chemistry reactions. Examples of a linked benzotriazole and pyrazole motif were also prepared. To complement the structural diversity, the alcohol substrates were obtained from stereoselective reductions of the tetrahydropyrone. This library provides rapid access to structurally diverse non-natural compounds to be screened against a variety of biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Zaware
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Matthew G. LaPorte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ramy Farid
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120 West 45 Street, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Paul E. Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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815
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De Fusco C, Lattanzi A. Quinine-Catalysed Double Michael Addition of Malononitrile to 1,5-Disubstituted Pentadien-3-ones: A Stereoselective Route to Cyclohexanones. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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816
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, 2545 The Mall, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Mika Nakashige
- Department of Chemistry, 2545 The Mall, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - William J. Chain
- Department of Chemistry, 2545 The Mall, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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817
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Wender PA, Loy BA, Schrier AJ. Translating Nature's Library: The Bryostatins and Function-Oriented Synthesis. Isr J Chem 2011; 51:453-472. [PMID: 22661768 PMCID: PMC3364006 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We review in part our computational, design, synthesis, and biological studies on a remarkable class of compounds and their designed analogs that have led to preclinical candidates for the treatment of cancer, a first-in-class approach to Alzheimer's disease, and a promising strategy to eradicate HIV/AIDS. Because these leads target, in part, protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, they have therapeutic potential even beyond this striking set of therapeutic indications. This program has given rise to new synthetic methodology and represents an increasingly important direction of synthesis focused on achieving function through synthesis-informed design (function-oriented synthesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian A. Loy
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam J. Schrier
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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818
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Suresh Kumar R, Osman H, Perumal S, Menéndez JC, Ashraf Ali M, Ismail R, Soo Choon T. A facile three-component [3+2]-cycloaddition/annulation domino protocol for the regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of novel penta- and hexacyclic cage systems, involving the generation of two heterocyclic rings and five contiguous stereocenters. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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819
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Kedei N, Telek A, Czap A, Lubart ES, Czifra G, Yang D, Chen J, Morrison T, Goldsmith PK, Lim L, Mannan P, Garfield SH, Kraft MB, Li W, Keck GE, Blumberg PM. The synthetic bryostatin analog Merle 23 dissects distinct mechanisms of bryostatin activity in the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:1296-308. [PMID: 21458422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bryostatin 1 has attracted considerable attention both as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent and for its unique activity. Although it functions, like phorbol esters, as a potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator, it paradoxically antagonizes many phorbol ester responses in cells. Because of its complex structure, little is known of its structure-function relations. Merle 23 is a synthetic derivative, differing from bryostatin 1 at only four positions. However, in U-937 human leukemia cells, Merle 23 behaves like a phorbol ester and not like bryostatin 1. Here, we characterize the behavior of Merle 23 in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. In this system, bryostatin 1 and phorbol ester have contrasting activities, with the phorbol ester but not bryostatin 1 blocking cell proliferation or tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion, among other responses. We show that Merle 23 displays a highly complex pattern of activity in this system. Depending on the specific biological response or mechanistic change, it was bryostatin-like, phorbol ester-like, intermediate in its behavior, or more effective than either. The pattern of response, moreover, varied depending on the conditions. We conclude that the newly emerging bryostatin derivatives such as Merle 23 provide powerful tools to dissect subsets of bryostatin mechanism and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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820
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Wang YF, Toh KK, Ng EPJ, Chiba S. Mn(III)-Mediated Formal [3+3]-Annulation of Vinyl Azides and Cyclopropanols: A Divergent Synthesis of Azaheterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6411-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja200879w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kah Kah Toh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Eileen Pei Jian Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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821
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Oguri H, Hiruma T, Yamagishi Y, Oikawa H, Ishiyama A, Otoguro K, Yamada H, O̅mura S. Generation of Anti-trypanosomal Agents through Concise Synthesis and Structural Diversification of Sesquiterpene Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7096-105. [DOI: 10.1021/ja200374q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Oguri
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and §Division of Innovative Research, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, North 21, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and ¶Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hiruma
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and §Division of Innovative Research, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, North 21, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and ¶Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamagishi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and §Division of Innovative Research, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, North 21, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and ¶Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and §Division of Innovative Research, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, North 21, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and ¶Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Aki Ishiyama
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and §Division of Innovative Research, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, North 21, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and ¶Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Otoguro
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and §Division of Innovative Research, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, North 21, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and ¶Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamada
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and §Division of Innovative Research, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, North 21, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and ¶Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi O̅mura
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and §Division of Innovative Research, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, North 21, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and ¶Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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822
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Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent bryostatin analogs that modulate PKC translocation selectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6721-6. [PMID: 21415363 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015270108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern methods for the identification of therapeutic leads include chemical or virtual screening of compound libraries. Nature's library represents a vast and diverse source of leads, often exhibiting exquisite biological activities. However, the advancement of natural product leads into the clinic is often impeded by their scarcity, complexity, and nonoptimal properties or efficacy as well as the challenges associated with their synthesis or modification. Function-oriented synthesis represents a strategy to address these issues through the design of simpler and therefore synthetically more accessible analogs that incorporate the activity-determining features of the natural product leads. This study illustrates the application of this strategy to the design and synthesis of functional analogs of the bryostatin marine natural products. It is specifically directed at exploring the activity-determining role of bryostatin A-ring functionality on PKC affinity and selectivity. The resultant functional analogs, which were prepared by a flexible, modular synthetic strategy, exhibit excellent affinity to PKC and differential isoform selectivity. These and related studies provide the basic information needed for the design of simplified and thus synthetically more accessible functional analogs that target PKC isoforms, major targets of therapeutic interest.
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823
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Vaxelaire C, Winter P, Christmann M. One-Pot Reactions Accelerate the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3605-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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824
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Vaxelaire C, Winter P, Christmann M. Eintopfreaktionen beschleunigen die Synthese pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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825
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Petrignet J, Boudhar A, Blond G, Suffert J. Step-economical synthesis of taxol-like tricycles through a palladium-catalyzed domino reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3285-9. [PMID: 21381167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Petrignet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7200 CNRS/UDS, 74 Route du Rhin, Strasbourg, France
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826
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Petrignet J, Boudhar A, Blond G, Suffert J. Step-Economical Synthesis of Taxol-like Tricycles through a Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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827
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Trindade-Silva AE, Lim-Fong GE, Sharp KH, Haygood MG. Bryostatins: biological context and biotechnological prospects. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 21:834-42. [PMID: 20971628 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bryostatins are a family of protein kinase C modulators that have potential applications in biomedicine. Found in miniscule quantities in a small marine invertebrate, lack of supply has hampered their development. In recent years, bryostatins have been shown to have potent bioactivity in the central nervous system, an uncultivated marine bacterial symbiont has been shown to be the likely natural source of the bryostatins, the bryostatin biosynthetic genes have been identified and characterized, and bryostatin analogues with promising biological activity have been developed and tested. Challenges in the development of bryostatins for biomedical and biotechnological application include the cultivation of the bacterial symbiont and heterologous expression of bryostatin biosynthesis genes. Continued exploration of the biology as well as the symbiotic origin of the bryostatins presents promising opportunities for discovery of additional bryostatins, and new functions for bryostatins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaro E Trindade-Silva
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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828
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Carpenter RD, Verkman AS. Function-Oriented Synthesis of a Didesmethyl Triazacryptand Analogue for Fluorescent Potassium Ion Sensing. European J Org Chem 2011; 2011:1242-1248. [PMID: 23914138 PMCID: PMC3729919 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Triazacryptand (TAC)-based fluorescent K+ sensors have broad biomedical utility, yet their advancement has been hindered because of their challenging synthesis. Herein, an efficient synthesis is reported that delivers a didesmethyl tri-azacryptand (ddTAC) K+ sensor in twofold fewer steps and ninefold higher overall yield than the original TAC synthesis. Our synthesis utilizes a C-O dianionic oxidative macrocyclization and reports new examples of aminoarylations and a microwave route to xanthythilium chromophores. The K+ sensitivity and selectivity of the ddTAC-based sensor are comparable to the TAC-based sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Carpenter
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, Health Sciences East, Room 1246, Box 0521, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alan S. Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, Health Sciences East, Room 1246, Box 0521, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, USA
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829
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Sequencing cross-metathesis and non-metathesis reactions to rapidly access building blocks for synthesis. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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830
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Synthesis and receptor profiling of Stemona alkaloid analogues reveal a potent class of sigma ligands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6727-32. [PMID: 21368188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016558108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported biological activities of Stemona natural products, such as antitussive activity, inspired the development of synthetic methods to access several alkaloids within this family and in so doing develop a general route to the core skeleta shared by the class of natural products. The chemistry was subsequently adapted to afford a series of analogue sets bearing simplified, diverse Stemona-inspired skeleta. Over 100 of these analogues were subjected to general G protein-coupled receptor profiling along with the known antitussive compound, neostenine; this led to the identification of hit compounds targeting several receptor types. The particularly rich hit subset for sigma receptors was expanded with two focused library sets, which resulted in the discovery of a fully synthetic, potent chemotype of sigma ligands. This collaborative effort combined the development of synthetic methods with extensive, flexible screening resources and exemplifies the role of natural products in bioactivity mining.
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831
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Mao H, Xu R, Wan J, Jiang Z, Sun C, Pan Y. Tunable hydride transfer in the redox amination of indoline with aldehyde: an attractive intramolecular hydrogen-bond effect. Chemistry 2011; 16:13352-5. [PMID: 21053212 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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832
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Wang J, Sintim HO. Dialkylamino-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic Acids as Easily Synthesized Analogues of Platensimycin and Platencin with Comparable Antibacterial Properties. Chemistry 2011; 17:3352-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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833
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Quintard A, Lefranc A, Alexakis A. Highly Enantioselective Direct Vinylogous Michael Addition of γ-Butenolide to Enals. Org Lett 2011; 13:1540-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200235j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Quintard
- Département de chimie organique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Alice Lefranc
- Département de chimie organique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Alexakis
- Département de chimie organique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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834
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Herzon SB, Lu L, Woo CM, Gholap SL. 11-Step enantioselective synthesis of (-)-lomaiviticin aglycon. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7260-3. [PMID: 21280607 DOI: 10.1021/ja200034b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lomaiviticins A and B are complex antitumor antibiotics that were isolated from a strain of Micromonospora. A confluence of several unusual structural features renders the lomaiviticins exceedingly challenging targets for chemical synthesis. We report an 11-step, enantioselective synthetic route to lomaiviticin aglycon. Our route proceeds by late-stage, stereoselective dimerization of two equivalent monomeric intermediates, a transformation that may share parallels with the natural products' biosyntheses. The route we describe is scalable and convergent, and it lays the foundation for determination of the mode of action of these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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835
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Boddaert T, Coquerel Y, Rodriguez J. Expeditious Divergent Synthetic Approach to Polycyclic Terpene-Like Molecules. Chemistry 2011; 17:2048-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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836
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Lin M, Li F, Jiao L, Yu ZX. Rh(I)-Catalyzed Formal [5 + 1]/[2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of 1-Yne-vinylcyclopropanes and Two CO Units: One-Step Construction of Multifunctional Angular Tricyclic 5/5/6 Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1690-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110039h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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837
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Diversity-oriented synthesis leads to an effective class of bifunctional linchpins uniting anion relay chemistry (ARC) with benzyne reactivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6787-92. [PMID: 21245309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015265108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with the construction of a diversity-oriented synthesis library of 10-membered ring "natural product-like" macrolides, the design, synthesis, and validation of a unique class of bifunctional linchpins, uniting benzyne reactivity initiated by type II anion relay chemistry (ARC) has been achieved, permitting access to diverse [2+2], [3+2], and [4+2] cycloadducts.
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838
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Bach T, Hehn JP. Photochemical reactions as key steps in natural product synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1000-45. [PMID: 21246702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions contribute in a significant way to the existing repertoire of carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions by allowing access to exceptional molecular structures that cannot be obtained by conventional means. In this Review, the most important photochemical transformations that have been employed in natural product synthesis are presented. Selected total syntheses are discussed as examples, with particular attention given to the photochemical key step and its stereoselectivity. The structural relationship between the photochemically generated molecule and the natural product is shown, and, where necessary, the consecutive reactions in the synthesis are illustrated and classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bach
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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839
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Bach T, Hehn JP. Photochemische Reaktionen als Schlüsselschritte in der Naturstoffsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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840
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Velvadapu V, Paul T, Wagh B, Klepacki D, Guvench O, MacKerell A, Andrade RB. Desmethyl Macrolide Analogues to Address Antibiotic Resistance: Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4,8,10-Tridesmethyl Telithromycin. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:68-72. [PMID: 21643527 DOI: 10.1021/ml1002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to discover new drugs to address the pressing problem of antibiotic-resistance. Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin (1) are safe, broad-spectrum antibiotics used in the clinic since 1954. Herein we report the synthesis and evaluation of 4,8,10-tridesmethyl telithromycin (3), a novel desmethyl analogue of the 3rd-generation drug telithromycin (2), which is a semisynthetic derivative of 1. Analogue 3 was found to possess antibiotic activity and was superior to telithromycin (2) when tested against resistant strains of S. aureus possessing an A→T mutation at position 2058 (E. coli numbering).
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Velvadapu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Tapas Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Bharat Wagh
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Dorota Klepacki
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Olgun Guvench
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alexander MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Rodrigo B. Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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841
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Ichikawa S, Tanino T, Ii K, Matsuda A. Development of Antibacterial Agents Active against Drug-resistant Bacterial Pathogens Based on Total Synthesis of Nucleoside Natural Products. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2011. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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842
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Evans
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
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843
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Nagaki A, Imai K, Kim H, Yoshida JI. Flash synthesis of TAC-101 and its analogues from 1,3,5-tribromobenzene using integrated flow microreactor systems. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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844
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Carter GT. Natural products and Pharma 2011: Strategic changes spur new opportunities. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1783-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00033k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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845
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Isambert N, Sanchez Duque MDM, Plaquevent JC, Génisson Y, Rodriguez J, Constantieux T. Multicomponent reactions and ionic liquids: a perfect synergy for eco-compatible heterocyclic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1347-57. [PMID: 20963207 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Isambert
- Aix-Marseille Université-Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille-UMR CNRS 6263 iSm2, Centre Saint Jérôme, Service 531, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
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846
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Martin DBC, Vanderwal CD. A synthesis of strychnine by a longest linear sequence of six steps. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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847
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Lu Y, Leow D, Wang X, Engle KM, Yu JQ. Hydroxyl-directed C–H carbonylation enabled by mono-N-protected amino acid ligands: An expedient route to 1-isochromanones. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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848
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Li B, Peet NP, Butler MM, Burnett JC, Moir DT, Bowlin TL. Small molecule inhibitors as countermeasures for botulinum neurotoxin intoxication. Molecules 2010; 16:202-20. [PMID: 21193845 PMCID: PMC6259422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent of known toxins and are listed as category A biothreat agents by the U.S. CDC. The BoNT-mediated proteolysis of SNARE proteins inhibits the exocytosis of acetylcholine into neuromuscular junctions, leading to life-threatening flaccid paralysis. Currently, the only therapy for BoNT intoxication (which results in the disease state botulism) includes experimental preventative antibodies and long-term supportive care. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop inhibitors that will serve as both prophylactic agents and post-exposure ‘rescue’ therapeutics. This review focuses on recent progress to discover and develop small molecule inhibitors as therapeutic countermeasures for BoNT intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Microbiotix, Inc., One Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-508-757-2800; Fax: +1-508-757-1999
| | - Norton P. Peet
- Microbiotix, Inc., One Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - James C. Burnett
- Target, Structure-Based Drug Discovery Group, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; E-Mail: (J.C.B.)
| | - Donald T. Moir
- Microbiotix, Inc., One Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Terry L. Bowlin
- Microbiotix, Inc., One Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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849
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Righi M, Bedini A, Piersanti G, Romagnoli F, Spadoni G. Direct, One-Pot Reductive Alkylation of Anilines with Functionalized Acetals Mediated by Triethylsilane and TFA. Straightforward Route for Unsymmetrically Substituted Ethylenediamine. J Org Chem 2010; 76:704-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Righi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Federica Romagnoli
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
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850
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Szpilman AM, Carreira EM. Probing the Biology of Natural Products: Molecular Editing by Diverted Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9592-628. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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