801
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Wan R, Zhao G, Chen J, Zhao Y. Research progresses of artificial nucleic acid cleavage agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03183520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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802
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Razskazovskiy Y, Roginskaya M, Jacobs A, Sevilla MD. Reductively activated cleavage of DNA mediated by o, o'-diphenylenehalonium compounds. Radiat Res 2000; 154:319-25. [PMID: 10956439 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0319:racodm]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
o,o'-Diphenylenehalonium (DPH) cations represent a novel class of DNA-affinic compounds characterized by binding constants within the range of 10(5)-10(6) M(-1). The maximum binding capacity of 2-2.5 base pairs per DPH cation and about 30% hypochromic reduction in the optical absorption of DPH cations upon binding to DNA suggest intercalation as a likely binding mode. In a DNA-bound form, DPH cations induce strand breaks upon reduction by radiation-produced electrons in aqueous solutions. In keeping with this mechanism, the cleavage is strongly inhibited by oxygen and is not affected by OH radical scavengers in the bulk. The yields of DPH-mediated base release significantly exceed the yield of base release caused by hydroxyl radical (in the absence of scavenger) in anoxic solutions. The yields are weakly dependent on DNA loading within the range from 5 to 50 base pairs per intercalator, which indicates the ability of excess electrons in DNA to react with a scavenger separated by tens of base pairs from the electron attachment site. The question regarding the mechanism by which the distant reactants reach each other in DNA remains unanswered, although it most likely involves electron hopping rather than a single-step long-distance tunneling. The latter conclusion is based on our finding that the electron affinity of DPH cations does not affect their properties as electron scavengers in DNA as would be expected if the direct long-distance tunneling is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Razskazovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4477, USA
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803
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Vialas C, Pratviel G, Meunier B. Oxidative damage generated by an oxo-metalloporphyrin onto the human telomeric sequence. Biochemistry 2000; 39:9514-22. [PMID: 10924148 DOI: 10.1021/bi000743x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cationic metalloporphyrin Mn-TMPyP activated by KHSO(5) has been used as cleaver of an oligonucleotide containing the four human telomere repeats of 5'-GGGTTA. This oligonucleotide formed an intramolecular quadruplex DNA under 200 mM KCl as probed by DMS footprinting and could fold into different quadruplex structures under 200 mM NaCl. We found that the oxo-metalloporphyrin was able to mediate efficient oxidative cleavage of the quadruplex. The location of damage showed that the metalloporphyrin was able to bind to the last G-tetrad of the quadruplex structure via an external interaction. This metalloporphyrin-G-tetrad interaction needs a relatively high flexibility of the single-stranded linker regions to allow the partial stacking of the metalloporphyrin with the last G-tetrad planar structure. The oxidative damage consisted of guanine oxidation within the interacting G-tetrad together with an 1'-carbon hydroxylation of deoxyribose residues of the thymidine residues located on the neighboring single-stranded loop. So the high-valent oxo-metalloporphyrin is able to mediate both electron-abstraction or H-abstraction on G or T residues, respectively, within the DNA quadruplex target.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vialas
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, Toulouse, France
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804
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Anderson AS, Hwang JT, Greenberg MM. Independent generation and reactivity of 2-deoxy-5-methyleneuridin-5-yl, a significant reactive intermediate produced from thymidine as a result of oxidative stress. J Org Chem 2000; 65:4648-54. [PMID: 10959870 DOI: 10.1021/jo000271s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2'-Deoxy-5-methyleneuridin-5-yl (1) is produced in a variety of DNA damage processes and is believed to result in the formation of lesions that are mutagenic and refractory to enzymatic repair. 2'-Deoxy-5-methyleneuridin-5-yl (1) was independently generated under anaerobic conditions via Norrish Type I photocleavage during Pyrex filtered photolysis of the benzyl ketone 7. The radical (1) exhibits behavior consistent with that of a resonance-stabilized radical. The KIE for hydrogen atom transfer from t-BuSH was found to be 7.3 +/- 1.7. Competition studies between radical recombination and hydrogen atom donors (2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, kTrap = 46.1 +/- 15.4 M(-1) s(-1); propan-2-ol, kTrap = 13.6 +/- 3.5 M(-1) s(-1)) chosen to mimic the carbohydrate components of 2'-deoxyribonucleotides suggest that 2'-deoxy-5-methyleneuridin-5-yl (1) may be able to transfer damage from the nucleobase to the deoxyribose of an adjacent nucleotide in DNA under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins, 80523, USA
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805
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Kraka E, Cremer D. Structure and stability of enediynes containing heteroatoms—a quantum chemical investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(00)00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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806
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Nakatani K, Hagihara S, Sando S, Miyazaki H, Tanabe K, Saito I. Site Selective Formation of Thymine Glycol-Containing Oligodeoxynucleotides by Oxidation with Osmium Tetroxide and Bipyridine-Tethered Oligonucleotide. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0004478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakatani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tanabe
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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807
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Oyoshi T, Sugiyama H. Mechanism of DNA Strand Scission Induced by (1,10-Phenanthroline)copper Complex: Major Direct DNA Cleavage Is Not through 1‘,2‘-Dehydronucleotide Intermediate nor β-Elimination of Forming Ribonolactone. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9919130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Oyoshi
- Division of Biofunctional Molecules, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Division of Biofunctional Molecules, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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808
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Schuster GB. Long-range charge transfer in DNA: transient structural distortions control the distance dependence. Acc Chem Res 2000; 33:253-60. [PMID: 10775318 DOI: 10.1021/ar980059z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Damage to DNA is often caused by oxidative reactions. In one such process, an electron is lost from a base, forming its radical cation. Further reaction of the radical cation can lead to permanent change, which results in mutation. This Account is a report on oxidative damage to DNA caused by irradiation of anthraquinone derivatives, which are either randomly bound to the DNA or attached to it covalently at specific locations. Radical cations introduced in the DNA by the excited quinone cause damage both near to it and far away. We describe a mechanism for long-range charge transport in DNA that depends on its spontaneous structural distortion, which we call phonon-assisted polaron hopping. This mechanism, and its extension, provides a framework for understanding the reactions and charge-transport properties of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Schuster
- School of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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809
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Abstract
Nucleic acid-derived drugs exhibit both chemical and physical instability. This mini-review focuses on the prevalent hydrolytic and oxidative pathways of chemical degradation as they are affected by various endogenous (primary structure, chemical modifications in bases, sugars and phosphate residues) and exogenous (pH, buffer concentration, metal cation presence, oxygen presence) factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pogocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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810
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Razskazovskiy Y, Debije MG, Bernhard WA. Direct radiation damage to crystalline DNA: what is the source of unaltered base release? Radiat Res 2000; 153:436-41. [PMID: 10761004 PMCID: PMC2613976 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0436:drdtcd]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The radiation chemical yields of unaltered base release have been measured in three crystalline double-stranded DNA oligomers after X irradiation at 4 K. The yields of released bases are between 10 and 20% of the total free radical yields measured at 4 K. Using these numbers, we estimate that the yield of DNA strand breaks due to the direct effect is about 0.1 micromol J(-1). The damage responsible for base release is independent of the base type (C, G, A or T) and is not scavenged by anthracycline drugs intercalated in the DNA. For these reasons, reactions initiated by the hydroxyl radical have been ruled out as the source of base release. Since the intercalated anthracycline scavenges electrons and holes completely but does not inhibit base release, the possibility for damage transfer from the bases to the sugars can also be ruled out. The results are consistent with a model in which primary radical cations formed directly on the sugar-phosphate backbone react by two competing pathways: deprotonation, which localizes the damage on the sugar, and hole tunneling, which transfers the damage to the base stack. Quantitative estimates indicate that these two processes are approximately equally efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Razskazovskiy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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811
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Nakamura J, La DK, Swenberg JA. 5'-nicked apurinic/apyrimidinic sites are resistant to beta-elimination by beta-polymerase and are persistent in human cultured cells after oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:5323-8. [PMID: 10681505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.8.5323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA is continuously exposed to oxidative stress. Whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) preferentially react with bases in DNA, free radicals also abstract hydrogen atoms from deoxyribose, resulting in the formation of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites and strand breaks. We recently reported high steady-state levels of AP sites in rat tissues and human liver DNA (Nakamura, J., and Swenberg, J. A. (1999) Cancer Res. 59, 2522-2526). These AP sites were predominantly cleaved 5' to the lesion. We hypothesized that these endogenous AP sites were derived from oxidative stress. In this investigation, AP sites induced by ROS were quantitated and characterized. A combination of H(2)O(2) and FeSO(4) induced significant numbers of AP sites in calf thymus DNA, which were predominantly cleaved 5' to the AP sites (75% of total aldehydic AP sites). An increase in the number of 5'-AP sites was also detected in human cultured cells exposed to H(2)O(2), and these 5'-AP sites were persistent during the post-exposure period. beta-Elimination by DNA beta-polymerase efficiently excised 5'-regular AP sites, but not 5'-AP sites, in DNA from cells exposed to H(2)O(2). These results suggest that 5'-oxidized AP sites induced by ROS are not efficiently repaired by the mammalian short patch base excision repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nakamura
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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812
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Abstract
Maintaining the integrity of the genome is critical for the survival of any organism. To achieve this, many families of enzymatic repair systems which recognize and repair DNA damage have evolved. Perhaps most intriguing about the workings of these repair systems is the actual damage recognition process. What are the chemical characteristics which are common to sites of nucleic acid damage that DNA repair proteins may exploit in targeting sites? Importantly, thermodynamic and kinetic principles, as much as structural factors, make damage sites distinct from the native DNA bases, and indeed, in many cases, these are the features which are believed to be exploited by repair enzymes. Current proposals for damage recognition may not fulfill all of the demands required of enzymatic repair systems given the sheer size of many genomes, and the efficiency with which the genome is screened for damage. Here we discuss current models for how DNA damage recognition may occur and the chemical characteristics, shared by damaged DNA sites, of which repair proteins may take advantage. These include recognition based upon the thermodynamic and kinetic instabilities associated with aberrant sites. Additionally, we describe how small changes in base pair structure can alter also the unique electronic properties of the DNA base pair pi-stack. Further, we describe photophysical, electrochemical, and biochemical experiments in which mismatches and other local perturbations in structure are detected using DNA-mediated charge transport. Finally, we speculate as to how this DNA electron transfer chemistry might be exploited by repair enzymes in order to scan the genome for sites of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Rajski
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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813
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Kraka E, Cremer D. Thepara-didehydropyridine,para-didehydropyridinium, and related biradicals?a contribution to the chemistry of enediyne antitumor drugs. J Comput Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-987x(20010130)22:2<216::aid-jcc9>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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814
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Tang N, Muller JG, Burrows CJ, Rokita SE. Nickel and cobalt reagents promote selective oxidation of Z-DNA. Biochemistry 1999; 38:16648-54. [PMID: 10600127 DOI: 10.1021/bi991114u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structural characteristics of Z-DNA were used to challenge the selectivity of guanine oxidation promoted by nickel and cobalt reagents. Base pairing and stacking within all helical structures studied previously had hindered access to guanine and limited its reaction. However, the Z-helix uniquely retains high exposure of guanine N7. This exposure was sufficient to direct oxidation specifically to a plasmid insert -(CG)(13)AATT(CG)(13)- that adopted a Z-conformation under native supercoiling. An alternative insert -(CG)(7)- retained its B-conformation and demonstrated the expected lack of reactivity. For a nickel salen complex made from a particularly bulky ligand, preferential reaction shifted to the junctions within the Z-DNA insert as is common for large reagents. Inactivation of the nickel reagents by high-salt concentrations prevented parallel investigations of Z-DNA, formed by oligonucleotides. However, the activity of Co(2+) was minimally affected by salt and consequently confirmed the high reactivity of 5'-p(CG)(4) in its Z-conformation. These reagents may now be applied to a broad array of targets, since their structural specificity remains predictable for both complex and helical assemblies of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
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815
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Barciszewski J, Barciszewska MZ, Siboska G, Rattan SI, Clark BF. Some unusual nucleic acid bases are products of hydroxyl radical oxidation of DNA and RNA. Mol Biol Rep 1999; 26:231-8. [PMID: 10634505 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007058602594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There are over 100 modified bases and their derivatives found in RNA and DNA. For some of them, data concerning their properties, synthesis and roles in cellular metabolism are available, but for others the knowledge of their functions and biosynthetic pathways is rather limited. We have analysed the chemical structure of modified nucleosides of DNA and RNA considering mainly their putative synthetic routes. On this basis we suggest, that in addition to enzymatic biosynthetic pathways well established for some odd bases, many rare nucleosides can be recognised as products of random chemical reactions. We identify them as primary or secondary products of the reaction of nucleic acids with hydroxyl radicals, the most active oxidising agent in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan.
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816
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Newcomb M, Horner JH, Whitted PO, Crich D, Huang X, Yao Q, Zipse H. β-Phosphatoxyalkyl Radical Reactions: Competing Phosphate Migration and Phosphoric Acid Elimination from a Radical Cation−Phosphate Anion Pair Formed by Heterolytic Fragmentation. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja991012r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Newcomb
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, and Institute für Organische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5−13, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - John H. Horner
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, and Institute für Organische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5−13, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - Patrick O. Whitted
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, and Institute für Organische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5−13, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - David Crich
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, and Institute für Organische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5−13, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - Xianhai Huang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, and Institute für Organische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5−13, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - Qingwei Yao
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, and Institute für Organische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5−13, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, and Institute für Organische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5−13, D-81377, München, Germany
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817
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Gillman IG, Clark TN, Manderville RA. Oxidation of ochratoxin A by an Fe-porphyrin system: model for enzymatic activation and DNA cleavage. Chem Res Toxicol 1999; 12:1066-76. [PMID: 10563832 DOI: 10.1021/tx9901074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA, 1) is a fungal toxin that facilitates single-strand DNA cleavage, DNA adduction, and lipid peroxidation when metabolically activated. To model the enzymatic activation of OTA, we have employed the water-soluble iron(III) meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (FeTPPS) oxidation system. In its presence, OTA has been found to facilitate single-strand cleavage of supercoiled plasmid DNA through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (i.e., the hydroxyl radical, HO(*)). The reaction of OTA with the FeTPPS oxidation system also generated three hydroxylated products (chlorine atom still attached), which was taken as evidence for production of the known hydroxylated metabolites (2-4) of OTA. This result suggested that the FeTPPS system served as a reasonable model for the enzymatic activation of OTA. When the reaction of OTA with FeTPPS was carried out in the presence of excess hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and sodium ascorbate, a hydroquinone species (OTHQ, 5) was detected in which an OH group has replaced the chlorine atom of OTA. The production of OTHQ (5) was dependent on the presence of the reducing agent, sodium ascorbate, which suggested that the oxidation catalyst furnished the quinone derivative OTQ (6) that was subsequently reduced to OTHQ (5) by ascorbate. Utilizing a synthetic sample of OTHQ (5), the hydroquinone was found to undergo autoxidation with a t(1/2) of 11.1 h at pH 7.4, and to possess a pK(a) value of 8.03 for the phenolic oxygen ortho to the carbonyl groups. Our findings imply that the hydroquinone (OTHQ) and quinone (OTQ) metabolites of OTA have the ability to cause alkylation/redox damage and have allowed us to propose a viable pathway for oxidative damage by OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Gillman
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109-7486, USA
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818
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Hwang JT, Greenberg MM, Fuchs T, Gates KS. Reaction of the hypoxia-selective antitumor agent tirapazamine with a C1'-radical in single-stranded and double-stranded DNA: the drug and its metabolites can serve as surrogates for molecular oxygen in radical-mediated DNA damage reactions. Biochemistry 1999; 38:14248-55. [PMID: 10571998 DOI: 10.1021/bi991488n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The compound 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide (1, tirapazamine; also known as SR4233, WIN 59075, and tirazone) is a clinically promising anticancer agent that selectively kills the oxygen-poor (hypoxic) cells found in tumors. When activated by one-electron enzymatic reduction, tirapazamine induces radical-mediated oxidative DNA strand cleavage. Using the ability to generate a single deoxyribose radical at a defined site in an oligonucleotide, we recently provided direct evidence that, in addition to initiating the formation of DNA radicals, tirapazamine can react with these radicals and convert them into base-labile lesions [Daniels et al. (1998) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11, 1254-1257]. The rate constant for trapping of a C1'-radical in single-stranded DNA by tirapazamine was shown to be approximately 2 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), demonstrating that tirapazamine can substitute for molecular oxygen in radical-mediated DNA strand damage reactions. Because reactions of tirapazamine with DNA radicals may play an important role in its ability to damage DNA, we have further characterized the ability of the drug and its metabolites to convert a C1'-DNA radical into a base-labile lesion. We find that tirapazamine reacts with a C1'-radical in double-stranded DNA with a rate constant of 4.6 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). The mono-N-oxide (3) stemming from bioreductive metabolism of tirapazamine converts the C1'-radical to an alkaline-labile lesion more effectively than the parent drug. Compound 3 traps a C1'-radical in single-stranded DNA with a rate constant of 4.6 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) and in double-stranded DNA with a rate constant of 1.4 x 10(7) M(-)(1) s(-)(1). We have also examined the rate and mechanism of reactions between the C1'-radical and representatives from two known classes of "oxygen mimetic" agents: the nitroxyl radical 2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl (4, TEMPO) and the nitroimidazole misonidazole (5). TEMPO traps the C1'-radical in single-stranded DNA (7.2 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)) approximately 3 times less effectively than tirapazamine, but 2 times as fast in double-stranded DNA (9.1 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)). Misonidazole traps the radical in single- (6. 9 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) and double-stranded DNA (2.9 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)) with rate constants that are roughly comparable to those measured for the mono-N-oxide metabolite of tirapazamine. Finally, information regarding the chemical mechanism by which these compounds oxidize a monomeric C1'-nucleoside radical has been provided by product analysis and isotopic labeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Hwang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia 65211, USA
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819
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Pischetsrieder M, Seidel W, Münch G, Schinzel R. N(2)-(1-Carboxyethyl)deoxyguanosine, a nonenzymatic glycation adduct of DNA, induces single-strand breaks and increases mutation frequencies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 264:544-9. [PMID: 10529399 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N(2)-(1-Carboxyethyl)deoxyguanosine (CEdG) is a major nonenzymatic glycation product of DNA. The effect of CEdG modification, which was specifically prepared by incubation with dihydroxyacetone, on plasmid DNA topology was evaluated by gel electrophoresis. A time-dependent decrease of supercoiled plasmid-DNA was observed in parallel to the increase of CEdG adducts; the half-life time of the supercoiled plasmid-DNA was estimated to be approximately 16-18 h. CEdG-modified plasmid DNA showed a 25-fold reduced transformation efficiency. When modified DNA was used to transform Escherichia coli cells, a 6-fold increase in mutation frequency was determined by measuring loss of alpha-complementation. For the mutator strain BMH71-18mutS, an 8-fold increase in mutation frequency was observed. Although the exact mechanism of DNA damage is unclear, the occurrence of spontaneous depurination is likely. These findings suggest that a defined DNA glycation reaction can lead to DNA damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pischetsrieder
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie der Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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820
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Steullet V, Dixon DW. Design, synthesis and DNA-cleavage of Gly-Gly-His-naphthalene diimide conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2935-40. [PMID: 10571151 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalene diimides with one and two metal-chelating Gly-Gly-His (GGH) motifs have been synthesized. Both conjugates induce single-stranded cleavage of plasmid pBR322 DNA in the presence of nickel and Oxone and are approximately 100-fold more efficient than Ni(II) x GH-CONH2 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Steullet
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303, USA
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821
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Erkkila KE, Odom DT, Barton JK. Recognition and reaction of metallointercalators with DNA. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2777-96. [PMID: 11749500 DOI: 10.1021/cr9804341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1568] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Erkkila
- Division of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125
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822
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Claussen CA, Long EC. Nucleic Acid recognition by metal complexes of bleomycin. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2797-816. [PMID: 11749501 DOI: 10.1021/cr980449z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Claussen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274
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823
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Razskazovskii YV, Raiti MJ, Sevilla MD. Electron Spin Resonance and Molecular Oribtal Study of One-Electron-Reduced O,O‘-Diphenylenehalonium Cations: First Evidence for a Diaryliodine Radical, Ar2I• or Simply a New σ*-Radical? J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991263m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Raiti
- Department of Chemistry Oakland University Rochester, Michigan 48309-4401
| | - Michael D. Sevilla
- Department of Chemistry Oakland University Rochester, Michigan 48309-4401
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824
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Henderson PT, Jones D, Hampikian G, Kan Y, Schuster GB. Long-distance charge transport in duplex DNA: the phonon-assisted polaron-like hopping mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:8353-8. [PMID: 10411879 PMCID: PMC17521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An anthraquinone-linked duplex DNA oligomer containing 60 base pairs was synthesized by PCR. The strand complementary to the quinone-containing strand has four isolated GG steps, which serve as traps for a migrating radical cation. Irradiation of the quinone leads to electron transfer from the DNA to the quinone forming the anthraquinone radical anion and a base radical cation. The radical cation migrates through the DNA, causing reaction at GG steps revealed as strand breaks. The efficiency of strand cleavage falls off exponentially with distance from the quinone (slope = -0.02 A(-1)). This finding necessitates reinterpretation of mechanisms proposed for radical cation migration in DNA. We propose that radical cations form self-trapped polarons that migrate by thermally activated hopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Henderson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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825
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Whitted PO, Horner JH, Newcomb M, Huang X, Crich D. Heterolytic cleavage of a beta-phosphatoxyalkyl radical resulting in phosphate migration or radical cation formation as a function of solvent polarity. Org Lett 1999; 1:153-6. [PMID: 10822551 DOI: 10.1021/ol990054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] The 2-(diethylphosphatoxy)-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl radical (1) reacted to give the benzylic radical product from phosphate migration or a radical cation (or a mixture of the two) as a function of solvent. Smooth acceleration in rates of reactions of 1 in solvents of increasing polarity and consistent entropies of activation indicate that radical 1 reacts by common mechanism irrespective of the final products formed, specifically by initial heterolysis to a radical cation-phosphate anion pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Whitted
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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826
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Pruss D, Gavin IM, Melnik S, Bavykin SG. DNA-protein cross-linking applications for chromatin studies in vitro and in vivo. Methods Enzymol 1999; 304:516-33. [PMID: 10372379 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(99)04030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Pruss
- Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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827
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Dai WM, Wu J, Fong KC, Lee MYH, Lau CW. Regioselective Synthesis of Acyclic cis-Enediynes via an Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of 1,2-Dialkynylallyl Alcohols. Syntheses, Computational Calculations, and Mechanism. J Org Chem 1999; 64:5062-5082. [DOI: 10.1021/jo982476v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Chiu Fong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mavis Yuk Ha Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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828
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Bose RN, Moghaddas S, Mazzer PA, Dudones LP, Joudah L, Stroup D. Oxidative damage of DNA by chromium(V) complexes: relative importance of base versus sugar oxidation. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27:2219-26. [PMID: 10219096 PMCID: PMC148443 DOI: 10.1093/nar/27.10.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium(V)-mediated oxidative damage of deoxy-ribonucleic acids was investigated at neutral pH in aqueous solution by utilizing bis(2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-butanato)oxochromate(V) (I) and bis(hydroxyethyl)-amino-tris(hydroxymethyl)methane)oxochromate(V) (II). Single-stranded and double-stranded (ds) calf thymus and human placenta DNA, as well as two oligomers, 5'-GATCTAGTAGGAGGACAAATAGTGTTTG-3' and 5'-GATCCAAGCAAACACTATTTGTCCTCCTACTA-3', were reacted with the chromium(V) complexes. Most products were separated and characterized by chroma-tographic and spectroscopic methods. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments reveal more damage at G sites in comparison to other bases. Three primary oxidation products, 5-methylene-2-furanone (5-MF), furfural and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, were characterized. A minor product, which appears to be thymine propenal, was also observed. The dsDNA produces more furfural than furanone. The formation of these two products resulted from hydrogen ion or hydride transfer from C1' and C5' positions of the ribose to the oxo-chromium(V) center. Since no enhancements of these products (except propenal) were observed in the presence of oxygen, mechanisms pertaining to the participation of activated oxygen species may be ruled out. The oxidation of the G base is most likely associated with an oxygen atom transfer from the oxo-metallates to the double bond between C8 and N7 of the purine ring. The formation of the propenal may be associated with an oxygen-activated species, since a marginal enhancement of this product was observed in the presence of oxygen. The formation of furfural in higher abundance over 5-MF for dsDNA was attributed to the ease of hydrogen ion (or hydride transfer) from the C5' compared to C1' position of the ribose within a Cr(V)-DNA intermediate in which the metal center is bound to the phosphate diester moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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829
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Cheng CC, Kuo YN, Chuang KS, Luo CF, Wang WJ. Ein neuartiger CoII-Komplex als spezifisches Reagens für DNA-Ausbuchtungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990503)111:9<1327::aid-ange1327>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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830
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831
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Muller JG, Kayser LA, Paikoff SJ, Duarte V, Tang N, Perez RJ, Rokita SE, Burrows CJ. Formation of DNA adducts using nickel(II) complexes of redox-active ligands: a comparison of salen and peptide complexes. Coord Chem Rev 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(99)00043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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832
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Crich D, Hao X. Asymmetric Synthesis of C4‘α-Carboxylated 2‘-Deoxynucleosides. Preparation of Oxetanone Derivatives and Influence of Solvent on the Stereochemistry of Base Introduction. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo990046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, ILinois 60607-7061
| | - Xiaolin Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, ILinois 60607-7061
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833
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Muth GW, Thompson CM, Hill WE. Cleavage of a 23S rRNA pseudoknot by phenanthroline-Cu(II). Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27:1906-11. [PMID: 10101200 PMCID: PMC148400 DOI: 10.1093/nar/27.8.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the intricate folding of rRNA within the ribosome remains a complex problem. Phenanthroline-Cu(II) complexes cleave phosphodiester bonds in rRNA in specific regions, apparently especially where the rRNA structure is constrained in some fashion. We have introduced phenanthroline-copper complexes into 50S Escherichia coli ribosomal subunits and shown specific cleavages in the regions containing nucleotides 60-66 and 87-100. This specificity of cleavage is reduced when the ribosome is heated to 80 degrees C and reduced to background when the ribosomal proteins are extracted and the cleavage repeated on protein-free 23S rRNA. It has been suggested that nucleotides 60-66 and 87-95 in E.coli 23S rRNA are involved in a putative pseudoknot structure, which is supported by covariance data. The paired cleavages of nearly equal intensity of these two regions, when in the ribosome, may further support the existence of a pseudoknot structure in the 100 region of 23S rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Muth
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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834
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Xi Z, Mao QK, Goldberg IH. Mechanistic studies on the base-catalyzed transformation of neocarzinostatin chromophore: roles of bulged DNA. Biochemistry 1999; 38:4342-54. [PMID: 10194353 DOI: 10.1021/bi982734i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid bulges have been implicated in a number of biological processes and are specific cleavage targets for the enediyne antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS-chrom) in a base-catalyzed, radical-mediated reaction. Studies designed to elucidate the detailed mechanism of the base-catalyzed activation of NCS-chrom and to evaluate the roles of bulged DNA in its activation are described. They show that nucleobases in the DNA bulge are not required to form an effective bulge pocket but enhance the binding of the wedge-shaped activated drug molecule. Analysis of solvent deuterium isotope effects on NCS-chrom degradation and DNA cleavage efficiency experiments suggests that the spirolactone biradical 6 is a relatively stable species and that intramolecular quenching of the C2 radical of 6 to form the biologically active cyclospirolactone radical 7a occurs first (pathway a in Scheme 2), leaving the C6 radical to abstract the hydrogen atom from the DNA deoxyribose and to form the cyclospirolactone 8. Binding of the activated drug at the bulge site is required, but not sufficient, for efficient 8 formation, whereas cleavage of bulged DNA is not essential. Efficient generation of 8, but inefficient DNA damage generation, comes mainly from the likely high off-rate of 7a binding. The finding that thymidine 5'-carboxylic acid-ended oligonucleotide fragment can be formed in the reaction suggests that the process of DNA cleavage is rather slow and that sequential oxidations of the target 5'-carbon are possible. Study of the effect of solvent (methanol) concentration on NCS-chrom degradation indicates that bulged DNA acts to assist the intramolecular quenching of the radical at C2 by C8' ' of the naphthoate moiety by excluding solvent from the binding pocket, thus preventing the formation of spirolactones 9, and by blocking radical polymerization. Because in the absence or near absence of solvent methanol 8 formation does not reach even 10% that formed in the presence of bulged DNA, it is possible that the DNA bulge also induces a conformational change in the drug to promote the intramolecular reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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835
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Levina A, Barr-David G, Codd R, Lay PA, Dixon NE, Hammershøi A, Hendry P. In vitro plasmid DNA cleavage by chromium(V) and -(IV) 2-hydroxycarboxylato complexes. Chem Res Toxicol 1999; 12:371-81. [PMID: 10207127 DOI: 10.1021/tx980229g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of relatively stable Cr(V) and Cr(IV) complexes with 2-hydroxycarboxylato ligands [2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutanoate(2-) = ehba; (1R,3R,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate(2-) = quinate = qa] to induce single-strand breaks in plasmid DNA has been studied under a wide range of reaction conditions. The Cr(V) complex, Na[CrVO(ehba)2], causes substantial DNA cleavage at pH 4.0-8.0 [[Cr(V)]0 = 0.010-0.75 mM, phosphate buffer, and 37 degrees C]. The DNA cleavage is inhibited by the presence of excess ligand, by exclusion of O2, or by addition of organic compounds, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, or DMSO, but it is not affected by traces of catalytic metals [Fe(III) or Cu(II)] or by addition of catalase. The Cr(IV)-qa complexes, unlike the Cr(V) complexes, are able to cleave DNA in the presence of the ligand in a large excess [[Cr(IV)]0 = 0.50 mM, [qa] = 20-100 mM, pH 3.5-6.0, and 37 degrees C]. This is the first direct evidence for DNA cleavage induced by well-characterized Cr(IV) complexes. The proposed mechanism for DNA cleavage includes the following: (i) partial aquation of the bis-chelated Cr(V) and -(IV) complexes with the formation of reactive monochelated forms, (ii) binding of the Cr(V) and -(IV) monochelates to the phosphate backbone of DNA, (iii) one- or two-electron oxidations at the deoxyribose moieties of DNA by Cr(V) and -(IV), and (iv) cleavage of the resulting DNA radicals or cations with or without participation of O2. The patterns of DNA damage by Cr(V) and -(IV) can include strand breaks, generation of abasic sites, and the formation of Cr(III)-DNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Levina
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia
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836
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Jourdan M, Garcia J, Defrancq E, Kotera M, Lhomme J. 2'-deoxyribonolactone lesion in DNA: refined solution structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular modeling. Biochemistry 1999; 38:3985-95. [PMID: 10194310 DOI: 10.1021/bi982743r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The solution conformation of the DNA duplex d(C1G2C3A4C5L6C7A8C9G10C11).d(G12C13G14T15G16T17G18T19G20C21G22 ) containing the 2'-deoxyribonolactone lesion (L6) in the middle of the sequence has been investigated by NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. Interproton distances have been obtained by complete relaxation matrix analysis of the NOESY cross-peak intensities. These distances, along with torsion angles for sugar rings and additional data derived from canonical A- and B-DNA, have been used for structure refinement by restrained molecular dynamics (rMD). Six rMD simulations have been carried out starting from both regular A- and B-DNA forms. The pairwise rms deviations calculated for each refined structure are <1 A, indicating convergence to essentially the same geometry. The accuracy of the rMD structures has been assessed by complete relaxation matrix back-calculation. The average sixth-root residual index (Rx = 0.052 +/- 0.003) indicated that a good fit between experimental and calculated NOESY spectra has been achieved. Detailed analysis revealed a right-handed DNA conformation for the duplex in which both the T17 nucleotide opposite the abasic site and the lactone ring are located inside the helix. No kinking is observed for this molecule, even at the abasic site step. This structure is compared to that of the oligonucleotide with the identical sequence containing the stable tetrahydrofuran abasic site analogue that we reported previously [Coppel, Y., Berthet, N., Coulombeau, C., Coulombeau, Ce., Garcia, J., and Lhomme, J. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 4817-4830].
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jourdan
- LEDSS, Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5616, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, Grenoble, France
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837
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Emanuel CJ, Newcomb M, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C. Kinetics of 2‘-Deoxyuridin-1‘-yl Radical Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9839872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin J. Emanuel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan 48202 Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica Università di Napoli “Federico II” Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy I.Co.C.E.A., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Newcomb
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan 48202 Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica Università di Napoli “Federico II” Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy I.Co.C.E.A., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan 48202 Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica Università di Napoli “Federico II” Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy I.Co.C.E.A., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan 48202 Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica Università di Napoli “Federico II” Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy I.Co.C.E.A., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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838
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Trinquinato Ródio R, Pereira EM, Franco Maggi Tavares M, da Costa Ferreira AM. Kinetics of the degradative oxidation of sugar-type ligands catalyzed by copper(II) ions. Carbohydr Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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839
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Strittmatter H, Dussy A, Schwitter U, Giese B. Unterschiede zwischen 4′-RNA- und 4′-DNA-Radikalen beim anaeroben und aeroben Strangbruch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990115)111:1/2<238::aid-ange238>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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840
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Daniels JS, Chatterji T, MacGillivray LR, Gates KS. Photochemical DNA Cleavage by the Antitumor Agent 3-Amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Dioxide (Tirapazamine, WIN 59075, SR4233). J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981314w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Scott Daniels
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Tonika Chatterji
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Leonard R. MacGillivray
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Kent S. Gates
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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841
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Balasubramanian B, Pogozelski WK, Tullius TD. DNA strand breaking by the hydroxyl radical is governed by the accessible surface areas of the hydrogen atoms of the DNA backbone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:9738-43. [PMID: 9707545 PMCID: PMC21406 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.17.9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive study, there is little experimental information available as to which of the deoxyribose hydrogen atoms of duplex DNA reacts most with the hydroxyl radical. To investigate this question, we prepared a set of double-stranded DNA molecules in which deuterium had been incorporated specifically at each position in the deoxyribose of one of the four nucleotides. We then measured deuterium kinetic isotope effects on the rate of cleavage of DNA by the hydroxyl radical. These experiments demonstrate that the hydroxyl radical reacts with the various hydrogen atoms of the deoxyribose in the order 5' H > 4' H > 3' H approximately 2' H approximately 1' H. This order of reactivity parallels the exposure to solvent of the deoxyribose hydrogens. Our work therefore reveals the structural basis of the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with DNA. These results also provide information on the mechanism of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation as well as atomic-level detail for the interpretation of hydroxyl radical footprints of DNA-protein complexes and chemical probe experiments on the structure of RNA and DNA in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Balasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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842
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Burrows CJ, Muller JG. Oxidative Nucleobase Modifications Leading to Strand Scission. Chem Rev 1998; 98:1109-1152. [PMID: 11848927 DOI: 10.1021/cr960421s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1395] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J. Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850
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843
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Armitage
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890
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844
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Burger
- Public Health Research Institute, 455 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
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