801
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Chen H, Yuan Z, Wu C. Nanoparticle Probes for Structural and Functional Photoacoustic Molecular Tomography. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:757101. [PMID: 26609534 PMCID: PMC4644549 DOI: 10.1155/2015/757101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanoparticle probes have received extensive attention largely due to its potential biomedical applications in structural, functional, and molecular imaging. In addition, photoacoustic tomography (PAT), a method based on the photoacoustic effect, is widely recognized as a robust modality to evaluate the structure and function of biological tissues with high optical contrast and high acoustic resolution. The combination of PAT with nanoparticle probes holds promises for detecting and imaging diseased tissues or monitoring their treatments with high sensitivity. This review will introduce the recent advances in the emerging field of nanoparticle probes and their preclinical applications in PAT, as well as relevant perspectives on future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Changfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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802
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Zhang D, Qi GB, Zhao YX, Qiao SL, Yang C, Wang H. In Situ Formation of Nanofibers from Purpurin18-Peptide Conjugates and the Assembly Induced Retention Effect in Tumor Sites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6125-30. [PMID: 26350172 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An assembly-induced retention effect for enhanced tumor photoacoustic (PA) imaging and therapeutics is described. A responsive small-molecule precursor is prepared that simultaneously self-assembles into nanofibers in tumor sites that exhibit an assembly-induced retention effect, which results in an improved PA imaging signal and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This successful proof-of-concept study paves the way to develop novel supramolecular biomaterials for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Bin Qi
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Xi Zhao
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Qiao
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China
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803
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, 71515 Assiut, Egypt, and Misr University for Science and Technology, 6 of October City, Egypt
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Soon-Mi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Guorong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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804
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Pu K, Mei J, Jokerst JV, Hong G, Antaris AL, Chattopadhyay N, Shuhendler AJ, Kurosawa T, Zhou Y, Gambhir SS, Bao Z, Rao J. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for In Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5184-90. [PMID: 26247171 PMCID: PMC4567488 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles with high photostability and strong photoacoustic brightness are designed and synthesized, which results in 5.3-fold photoacoustic signal enhancement in tumor xenografts after systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyi Pu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Niladri Chattopadhyay
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Adam J. Shuhendler
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Tadanori Kurosawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford California 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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805
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Zhang J, Li S, An FF, Liu J, Jin S, Zhang JC, Wang PC, Zhang X, Lee CS, Liang XJ. Self-carried curcumin nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo cancer therapy with real-time monitoring of drug release. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:13503-10. [PMID: 26199064 PMCID: PMC4636738 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03259h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of different nanocarriers for delivering hydrophobic pharmaceutical agents to tumor sites has garnered major attention. Despite the merits of these nanocarriers, further studies are needed to improve their drug loading capacities (which are typically <10%) and reduce their potential systemic toxicity. Therefore, the development of alternative self-carried nanodrug delivery strategies without using inert carriers is highly desirable. In this study, we developed a self-carried curcumin (Cur) nanodrug for highly effective cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo with real-time monitoring of drug release. With a biocompatible C18PMH-PEG functionalization, the Cur nanoparticles (NPs) showed excellent dispersibility and outstanding stability in physiological environments with drug loading capacities >78 wt%. Both confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed the cellular fluorescence "OFF-ON" activation and real-time monitoring of the Cur molecule release. In vitro and in vivo experiments clearly show that the therapeutic efficacy of the PEGylated Cur NPs is considerably better than that of free Cur. This self-carried strategy with real-time monitoring of drug release may open a new way for simultaneous cancer therapy and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Nano-organic Photoelectronic Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fei An
- Nano-organic Photoelectronic Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shubin Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Chao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Paul C. Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Nano-organic Photoelectronic Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
- Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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806
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Ling Y, Qu F, Zhou Q, Li T, Gao ZF, Lei JL, Li NB, Luo HQ. Diverse States and Properties of Polymer Nanoparticles and Gel Formed by Polyethyleneimine and Aldehydes and Analytical Applications. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8679-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ling
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Qu
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Feng Gao
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Lei Lei
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
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807
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Zheng X, Shi J, Bu Y, Tian G, Zhang X, Yin W, Gao B, Yang Z, Hu Z, Liu X, Yan L, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Silica-coated bismuth sulfide nanorods as multimodal contrast agents for a non-invasive visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12581-12591. [PMID: 26145146 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive and real-time imaging of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is particularly desirable for research and clinical studies of patients with symptoms arising from gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we designed and fabricated silica-coated bismuth sulfide nanorods (Bi2S3@SiO2 NRs) for a non-invasive spatial-temporally imaging of the GI tract. The Bi2S3 NRs were synthesized by a facile solvothermal method and then coated with a SiO2 layer to improve their biocompatibility and stability in the harsh environments of the GI tract, such as the stomach and the small intestine. Due to their strong X-ray- and near infrared-absorption abilities, we demonstrate that, following oral administration in mice, the Bi2S3@SiO2 NRs can be used as a dual-modal contrast agent for the real-time and non-invasive visualization of NRs distribution and the GI tract via both X-ray computed tomography (CT) and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) techniques. Importantly, integration of PAT with CT provides complementary information on anatomical details with high spatial resolution. In addition, we use Caenorhabditis Elegans (C. Elegans) as a simple model organism to investigate the biological response of Bi2S3@SiO2 NRs by oral administration. The results indicate that these NRs can pass through the GI tract of C. Elegans without inducing notable toxicological effects. The above results suggest that Bi2S3@SiO2 NRs pave an alternative way for the fabrication of multi-modal contrast agents which integrate CT and PAT modalities for a direct and non-invasive visualization of the GI tract with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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808
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Ng KK, Zheng G. Molecular Interactions in Organic Nanoparticles for Phototheranostic Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11012-42. [PMID: 26244706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Ng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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809
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Yang M, Fan Q, Zhang R, Cheng K, Yan J, Pan D, Ma X, Lu A, Cheng Z. Dragon fruit-like biocage as an iron trapping nanoplatform for high efficiency targeted cancer multimodality imaging. Biomaterials 2015; 69:30-7. [PMID: 26275860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural biopolymer based multifunctional nanomaterials are perfect candidates for multimodality imaging and therapeutic applications. Conventional methods of building multimodal imaging probe require either cross-linking manners to increase its in vivo stability or attach a target module to realize targeted imaging. In this study, the intrinsic photoacoustic signals and the native strong chelating properties with metal ions of melanin nanoparticle (MNP), and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) targeting ability of apoferritin (APF) was employed to construct an efficient nanoplatform (AMF) without tedious assembling process. Smart APF shell significantly increased metal ions loading (molar ratio of 1:800, APF/Fe(3+)) and therefore improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity. Moreover, synergistic use of Fe(3+) and APF contributed to high photoacounstic imaging (PAI) sensitivity. AMF showed excellent bio-stability and presented good in vivo multimodality imaging (PET/MRI/PAI) properties (good tumor uptake, high specificity and high tumor contrast) in HT29 tumor because of its targeting property combined with the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, making it promising in theranostics and translational nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Quli Fan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Junjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Alex Lu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305-5484, USA.
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810
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Palner M, Pu K, Shao S, Rao J. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Persistent Near-Infrared Luminescence for In Vivo Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [PMID: 26223794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Materials with persistent luminescence are attractive for in vivo optical imaging since they have a long lifetime that allows the separation of excitation of fluorophores and image acquisition for time-delay imaging, thus eliminating tissue autofluorescence associated with fluorescence imaging. Persistently luminescent nanoparticles have previously been fabricated from toxic rare-earth metals. This work reports that nanoparticles made of the conjugated polymer MEH-PPV can generate luminescence persisting for an hour upon single excitation. A near-infrared dye was encapsulated in the conjugated polymer nanoparticle to successfully generate persistent near-infrared luminescence through resonance energy transfer. This new persistent luminescence nanoparticles have been demonstrated for optical imaging applications in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Palner
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94395-5484 (USA) http://www.raolab.stanford.edu
| | - Kanyi Pu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94395-5484 (USA) http://www.raolab.stanford.edu.,Current address: School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459 (Singapore)
| | - Shirley Shao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94395-5484 (USA) http://www.raolab.stanford.edu
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94395-5484 (USA) http://www.raolab.stanford.edu.
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811
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Palner M, Pu K, Shao S, Rao J. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Persistent Near-Infrared Luminescence for In Vivo Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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812
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Ge J, Jia Q, Liu W, Guo L, Liu Q, Lan M, Zhang H, Meng X, Wang P. Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Fluorescent, Photoacoustic, and Thermal Theranostics in Living Mice. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4169-77. [PMID: 26045099 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiechao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, P. R. China
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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813
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Ye F, White CC, Jin Y, Hu X, Hayden S, Zhang X, Gao X, Kavanagh TJ, Chiu DT. Toxicity and oxidative stress induced by semiconducting polymer dots in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10085-10093. [PMID: 25978523 PMCID: PMC4454350 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01857a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development and acceptance of PDots for biological applications depends on an in depth understanding of their cytotoxicity. In this paper, we performed a comprehensive study of PDot cytotoxicity at both the gross cell effect level (such as cell viability, proliferation and necrosis) and more subtle effects (such as redox stress) on RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line with high relevance to in vivo nanoparticle disposition. The redox stress measurements assessed were inner mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation (nonyl-acridine orange, NAO), total thiol level (monobromobimane, MBB), and pyridine nucleotide redox status (NAD(P)H autofluorescence). Because of the extensive work already performed with QDots on nanotoxicity and also because of their comparable size, QDots were chosen as a comparison/reference nanoparticle for this study. The results showed that PDots exhibit cytotoxic effects to a much lesser degree than their inorganic analogue (QDots) and are much brighter, allowing for much lower concentrations to be used in various biological applications. In addition, at lower dose levels (2.5 nM to 10 nM) PDot treatment resulted in higher total thiol level than those found with QDots. At higher dose levels (20 nM to 40 nM) QDots caused significantly higher thiol levels in RAW264.7 cells, than was seen with PDots, suggesting that QDots elicit compensation to oxidative stress by upregulating GSH synthesis. At the higher concentrations of QDots, NAD(P)H levels showed an initial depletion, then repletion to a level that was greater than vehicle controls. PDots showed a similar trend but this was not statistically significant. Because PDots elicit less oxidative stress and cytotoxicity at low concentrations than QDots, and because they exhibit superior fluorescence at these low concentrations, PDots are predicted to have enhanced utility in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmao Ye
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - Collin C. White
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - Yuhui Jin
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831 (USA)
| | - Xiaoge Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - Sarah Hayden
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - Terrance J. Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
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814
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Qin H, Zhou T, Yang S, Xing D. Fluorescence Quenching Nanoprobes Dedicated to In Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging and High-Efficient Tumor Therapy in Deep-Seated Tissue. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2675-2686. [PMID: 25656695 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photoacoustic (PA) therapy have promising applications for treating tumors. It is known that the utilization of high-absorption-coefficient probes can selectively enhance the PAI target contrast and PA tumor therapy efficiency in deep-seated tissue. Here, the design of a probe with the highest availability of optical-thermo conversion by using graphene oxide (GO) and dyes via π-π stacking interactions is reported. The GO serves as a base material for loading dyes and quenching dye fluorescence via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), with the one purpose of maximum of PA efficiency. Experiments verify that the designed fluorescence quenching nanoprobes can produce stronger PA signals than the sum of the separate signals generated in the dye and the GO. Potential applications of the fluorescence quenching nanoprobes are demonstrated, dedicating to enhance PA contrast of targets in deep-seated tissues and tumors in living mice. PA therapy efficiency both in vitro and in vivo by using the fluorescence quenching nanoprobes is found to be higher than with the commonly used PA therapy agents. Taken together, quenching dye fluorescence via FRET will provide a valid means for developing high-efficiency PA probes. Fluorescence quenching nanoprobes are likely to become a promising candidate for deep-seated tumor imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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815
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Ho IT, Sessler JL, Gambhir SS, Jokerst JV. Parts per billion detection of uranium with a porphyrinoid-containing nanoparticle and in vivo photoacoustic imaging. Analyst 2015; 140:3731-7. [PMID: 25854506 PMCID: PMC4437871 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical tools that can report radioactive isotopes would be of interest to the defense community. Here we report ∼250 nm polymeric nanoparticles containing porphyrinoid macrocycles with and without pre-complexed depleted uranium and demonstrate that the latter species may be detected easily and with high sensitivity via photoacoustic imaging. The porphyrinoid macrocycles used in the present study are non-aromatic in the absence of the uranyl cation, but aromatic after cation complexation. We solubilized both the freebase and metalated forms of the macrocycles in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and found a peak in the photoacoustic spectrum at 910 nm excitation in the case of the uranyl complex. The signal was stable for at least 15 minutes and allowed detection of uranium concentrations down to 6.2 ppb (5.7 nM) in vitro and 0.57 ppm (19 fCi; 0.52 μM) in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a nanoparticle that detects an actinide cation via photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24 Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24 Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5427
- Bioengineering, Materials Science, and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5427
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816
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Zheng X, Tang H, Xie C, Zhang J, Wu W, Jiang X. Tracking Cancer Metastasis In Vivo by Using an Iridium-Based Hypoxia-Activated Optical Oxygen Nanosensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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817
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Song XR, Wang X, Yu SX, Cao J, Li SH, Li J, Liu G, Yang HH, Chen X. Co₉ Se₈ nanoplates as a new theranostic platform for photoacoustic/magnetic resonance dual-modal-imaging-guided chemo-photothermal combination therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3285-91. [PMID: 25885638 PMCID: PMC5242345 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A new theranostic platform is developed based on biocompatible poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-Co9 Se8 nanoplates. These PAA-Co9 Se8 nanoplates are successfully utilized for photoacoustic imaging (PAI)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dual-modal imaging. Moreover, the PAA-Co9 Se8 -DOX shows pH-responsive chemotherapy and enables the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to receive superior antitumor efficacy. This work promises further exploration of 2D nanoplatforms for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Song
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Shu-Xian Yu
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Shi-Hua Li
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Huang-Hao Yang
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, 20892, USA
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818
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Zheng X, Tang H, Xie C, Zhang J, Wu W, Jiang X. Tracking Cancer Metastasis In Vivo by Using an Iridium-Based Hypoxia-Activated Optical Oxygen Nanosensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8094-9. [PMID: 26037656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a nanosensor for tracking cancer metastasis by noninvasive real-time whole-body optical imaging. The nanosensor is prepared by the formation of co-micelles from a poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-conjugated iridium(III) complex (Ir-PVP) and poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PCL-PVP). The near-infrared phosphorescence emission of the nanosensor could be selectively activated in the hypoxic microenvironment induced by cancer cells. The detection ability of the nanosensor was examined in cells and different animal models. After intravenous injection, the nanosensor can be effectively delivered to the lung and lymph node, and cancer cell metastasis through bloodstream or lymphatics can be quickly detected with high signal-to-background ratio by whole-body imaging and organ imaging. Moreover, the nanosensor exhibits good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The nanosensor is believed to be a powerful tool for the diagnosis of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchuang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 (P. R. China)
| | - Huang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 (P. R. China)
| | - Chen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 (P. R. China)
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 (P. R. China)
| | - Wei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 (P. R. China)
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 (P. R. China).
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819
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Fan JW, Vankayala R, Chang CL, Chang CH, Chiang CS, Hwang KC. Preparation, cytotoxicity and in vivo bioimaging of highly luminescent water-soluble silicon quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:215703. [PMID: 25943071 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/21/215703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Designing various inorganic nanomaterials that are cost effective, water soluble, optically photostable, highly fluorescent and biocompatible for bioimaging applications is a challenging task. Similar to semiconducting quantum dots (QDs), silicon QDs are another alternative and are highly fluorescent, but non-water soluble. Several surface modification strategies were adopted to make them water soluble. However, the photoluminescence of Si QDs was seriously quenched in the aqueous environment. In this report, highly luminescent, water-dispersible, blue- and green-emitting Si QDs were prepared with good photostability. In vitro studies in monocytes reveal that Si QDs exhibit good biocompatibility and excellent distribution throughout the cytoplasm region, along with the significant fraction translocated into the nucleus. The in vivo zebrafish studies also reveal that Si QDs can be evenly distributed in the yolk-sac region. Overall, our results demonstrate the applicability of water-soluble and highly fluorescent Si QDs as excellent in vitro and in vivo bioimaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wun Fan
- Chemical System Research Division, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science & Technology, PO Box 90008-17, Lung-Tan, Tao-Yuan 32599, Taiwan
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820
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Li K, Liu B. Polymer-encapsulated organic nanoparticles for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 43:6570-97. [PMID: 24792930 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00014e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymer encapsulated organic nanoparticles have recently attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field because of their unique optical properties, easy fabrication and outstanding performance as imaging and therapeutic agents. Of particular importance is the polymer encapsulated nanoparticles containing conjugated polymers (CP) or fluorogens with aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics as the core, which have shown significant advantages in terms of tunable brightness, superb photo- and physical stability, good biocompatibility, potential biodegradability and facile surface functionalization. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the development of polymer encapsulated CP and AIE fluorogen nanoparticles, including preparation methods, material design and matrix selection, nanoparticle fabrication and surface functionalization for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. We also discuss their specific applications in cell labeling, targeted in vitro and in vivo imaging, blood vessel imaging, cell tracing, inflammation monitoring and molecular imaging. We specially focus on strategies to fine-tune the nanoparticle property (e.g. size and fluorescence quantum yield) through precise engineering of the organic cores and careful selection of polymer matrices. The review also highlights the merits and limitations of these nanoparticles as well as strategies used to overcome the limitations. The challenges and perspectives for the future development of polymer encapsulated organic nanoparticles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602.
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821
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Abstract
The measurement of intracellular analytes has been key in understanding cellular processes and function, and the use of biological nanosensors has revealed the spatial and temporal variation in their concentrations. In particular, ratiometric nanosensors allow quantitative measurements of analyte concentrations. The present review focuses on the recent advances in ratiometric intracellular biological nanosensors, with an emphasis on their utility in measuring analytes that are important in cell function.
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822
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823
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An efficient nano-based theranostic system for multi-modal imaging-guided photothermal sterilization in gastrointestinal tract. Biomaterials 2015; 56:206-18. [PMID: 25934293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since understanding the healthy status of gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) is of vital importance, clinical implementation for GI tract-related disease have attracted much more attention along with the rapid development of modern medicine. Here, a multifunctional theranostic system combining X-rays/CT/photothermal/photoacoustic mapping of GI tract and imaging-guided photothermal anti-bacterial treatment is designed and constructed. PEGylated W18O49 nanosheets (PEG-W18O49) are created via a facile solvothermal method and an in situ probe-sonication approach. In terms of excellent colloidal stability, low cytotoxicity, and neglectable hemolysis of PEG-W18O49, we demonstrate the first example of high-performance four-modal imaging of GI tract by using these nanosheets as contrast agents. More importantly, due to their intrinsic absorption of NIR light, glutaraldehyde-modified PEG-W18O49 are successfully applied as fault-free targeted photothermal agents for imaging-guided killing of bacteria on a mouse infection model. Critical to pre-clinical and clinical prospects, long-term toxicity is further investigated after oral administration of these theranostic agents. These kinds of tungsten-based nanomaterials exhibit great potential as multi-modal contrast agents for directed visualization of GI tract and anti-bacterial agents for phothothermal sterilization.
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824
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Kuo SY, Li HH, Wu PJ, Chen CP, Huang YC, Chan YH. Dual Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor Based On Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Ratiometric Detection of Lead Ions in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4765-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504845t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Hsiang-Hau Li
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Pei-Jing Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Chuan-Pin Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Ya-Chi Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
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825
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Moon H, Kumar D, Kim H, Sim C, Chang JH, Kim JM, Kim H, Lim DK. Amplified photoacoustic performance and enhanced photothermal stability of reduced graphene oxide coated gold nanorods for sensitive photoacoustic imaging. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2711-9. [PMID: 25751167 DOI: 10.1021/nn506516p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a strongly amplified photoacoustic (PA) performance of the new functional hybrid material composed of reduced graphene oxide and gold nanorods. Due to the excellent NIR light absorption properties of the reduced graphene oxide coated gold nanorods (r-GO-AuNRs) and highly efficient heat transfer process through the reduced graphene oxide layer, r-GO-AuNRs exhibit excellent photothermal stability and significantly higher photoacoustic amplitudes than those of bare-AuNRs, nonreduced graphene oxide coated AuNRs (GO-AuNRs), or silica-coated AuNR, as demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo systems. The linear response of PA amplitude from reduced state controlled GO on AuNR indicates the critical role of GO for a strong photothermal effect of r-GO-AuNRs. Theoretical studies with finite-element-method lab-based simulation reveal that a 4 times higher magnitude of the enhanced electromagnetic field around r-GO-AuNRs can be generated compared with bare AuNRs or GO-AuNRs. Furthermore, the r-GO-AuNRs are expected to be a promising deep-tissue imaging probe because of extraordinarily high PA amplitudes in the 4-11 MHz operating frequency of an ultrasound transducer. Therefore, the r-GO-AuNRs can be a useful imaging probe for highly sensitive photoacoustic images and NIR sensitive therapeutics based on a strong photothermal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- ‡KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jung-Mu Kim
- ⊥Department of Electronic Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baeckje-daero, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | | | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- ‡KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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826
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Zhang Y, Ye F, Sun W, Yu J, Wu IC, Rong Y, Zhang Y, Chiu DT. Light-induced Crosslinkable Semiconducting Polymer Dots. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2102-2109. [PMID: 25709806 PMCID: PMC4335711 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03959a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a synthetic approach for photocrosslinkable polyfluorene (pc-PFO) semiconducting polymer dots, and demonstrates their superior ability to crosslink and form 3-D intermolecular polymer networks. The crosslinked pc-PFO Pdots are equipped with excellent encapsulating ability of functional small molecules. Optimum conditions of light irradiation on pc-PFO Pdots were investigated and clarified by using polymer thin films as a model. By employing the optimal light irradiation conditions, we successfully crosslinked pc-PFO Pdots and studied their particle sizes, photophysical, and colloidal properties. Single-particle imaging and dynamic-light-scattering measurements were conducted to understand the behaviors of photocrosslinked Pdots. Our results indicate pc-PFO Pdots can be easily photocrosslinked and the crosslinked species have excellent colloidal stability, physical and chemical stability, fluorescence brightness, and specific binding properties for cellular labeling. Considering that optical stimulus can work remotely, cleanly, and non-invasively, this study should pave the way for a promising approach to further develop stimuli-responsive ultrabright and versatile Pdot probes for biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - Fangmao Ye
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - I-Che Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
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827
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Wu X, Lin B, Yu M, Yang L, Han J, Han S. A carbohydrate-grafted nanovesicle with activatable optical and acoustic contrasts for dual modality high performance tumor imaging. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2002-2009. [PMID: 28706650 PMCID: PMC5496387 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activatable molecular systems enabling precise tumor localization are valuable for complete tumor resection. Herein, we report sialic acid-capped polymeric nanovesicles encapsulating the near infrared profluorophore (pNIR@P@SA) for lysosome activation based dual modality tumor imaging. The probe features surface-anchored sialic acid for tumor targeting and a core of near infrared profluorophore (pNIR) which undergoes lysosomal acidity triggered isomerization to give optical and optoacoustic signals upon cell internalization. Imaging studies reveal high-efficiency uptake and signal activation of pNIR@P@SA in subcutaneous tumors and millimeter-sized liver tumor foci in mice. The high tumor-to-healthy organ signal contrasts and discernment of tiny liver tumors from normal liver tissues validate the potential of pNIR@P@SA for high performance optical and optoacoustic imaging guided tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , Innovation Center for Cell Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Bijuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , Innovation Center for Cell Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Mingzhu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , Innovation Center for Cell Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , Innovation Center for Cell Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology , Innovation Center for Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Shoufa Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , Innovation Center for Cell Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
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828
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Li J, Arnal B, Wei CW, Shang J, Nguyen TM, O’Donnell M, Gao X. Magneto-optical nanoparticles for cyclic magnetomotive photoacoustic imaging. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1964-76. [PMID: 25658655 PMCID: PMC4610822 DOI: 10.1021/nn5069258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging has emerged as a highly promising tool to visualize molecular events with deep tissue penetration. Like most other modalities, however, image contrast under in vivo conditions is far from optimal due to background signals from tissue. Using iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles, we have previously demonstrated the concept of magnetomotive photoacoustic (mmPA) imaging, which is capable of dramatically reducing the influence of background signals and producing high-contrast molecular images. Here, we report two significant advances toward clinical translation of this technology. First, we introduce a new class of compact, uniform, magneto-optically coupled core-shell nanoparticles, prepared through localized copolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) on an iron oxide nanoparticle surface. The resulting iron oxide-PPy nanoparticles feature high colloidal stability and solve the photoinstability and small-scale synthesis problems previously encountered by the gold coating approach. In parallel, we have developed a new generation of mmPA featuring cyclic magnetic motion and ultrasound speckle tracking (USST), whose imaging capture frame rate is several hundred times faster than the photoacoustic speckle tracking (PAST) method we demonstrated previously. These advances enable robust artifact elimination caused by physiologic motions and demonstrate the application of the mmPA technology for in vivo sensitive tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing Shang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Thu-Mai Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Matthew O’Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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829
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Cash KJ, Li C, Xia J, Wang LV, Clark HA. Optical drug monitoring: photoacoustic imaging of nanosensors to monitor therapeutic lithium in vivo. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1692-8. [PMID: 25588028 PMCID: PMC4364417 DOI: 10.1021/nn5064858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Personalized medicine could revolutionize how primary care physicians treat chronic disease and how researchers study fundamental biological questions. To realize this goal, we need to develop more robust, modular tools and imaging approaches for in vivo monitoring of analytes. In this report, we demonstrate that synthetic nanosensors can measure physiologic parameters with photoacoustic contrast, and we apply that platform to continuously track lithium levels in vivo. Photoacoustic imaging achieves imaging depths that are unattainable with fluorescence or multiphoton microscopy. We validated the photoacoustic results that illustrate the superior imaging depth and quality of photoacoustic imaging with optical measurements. This powerful combination of techniques will unlock the ability to measure analyte changes in deep tissue and will open up photoacoustic imaging as a diagnostic tool for continuous physiological tracking of a wide range of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Cash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chiye Li
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jun Xia
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Heather A. Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding Author Correspondence to:
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830
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Fan Q, Cheng K, Yang Z, Zhang R, Yang M, Hu X, Ma X, Bu L, Lu X, Xiong X, Huang W, Zhao H, Cheng Z. Perylene-diimide-based nanoparticles as highly efficient photoacoustic agents for deep brain tumor imaging in living mice. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:843-7. [PMID: 25376906 PMCID: PMC4347809 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to promote preclinical and clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging, novel photoacoustic contrast agents are highly desired for molecular imaging of diseases, especially for deep tumor imaging. Here, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diiimide-based near-infrared-absorptive organic nanoparticles are reported as an efficient agent for photoacoustic imaging of deep brain tumors in living mice with enhanced permeability and retention effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210046, China
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305–5484, USA
| | - Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305–5484, USA
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305–5484, USA
- Department of Radiology First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Min Yang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305–5484, USA
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine Ministry of Health Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305–5484, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305–5484, USA
| | - Lihong Bu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305–5484, USA
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305–5484, USA
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831
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Arnal B, Wei CW, Nguyen TM, Li J, Pelivanov I, Gao X, O'Donnell M. Cyclic Magnetomotive Photoacoustic/Ultrasound Imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2015; 9323:93230T. [PMID: 36275045 PMCID: PMC9583729 DOI: 10.1117/12.2084906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetomotive photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging has shown superior specificity in visualizing targeted objects at cellular and molecular levels. By detecting magnet-induced displacements, magnetic-particle-targeted objects can be differentiated from background signals insensitive to the magnetic field. Unfortunately, background physiologic motion interferes during measurement, such as cardiac-induced motion and respiration, greatly reducing the robustness of the technique. In this paper, we propose cyclic magnetomotive imaging with narrowband magnetic excitation. By synchronizing magnetic motion with the excitations, targeted objects moving coherently can be distinguished from background static signals and signals moving incoherently. HeLa cells targeted with magnetic nanoparticle-polymer core-shell particles were used as the targets for an initial test. A linear ultrasound array was interfaced with a commercial scanner to acquire a photoacoustic/ultrasound image sequence (maximum 1000 frames per second) during multi-cycle magnetic excitation (0.5 - 40 Hz frequency range) with an electromagnet. An image mask defined by a threshold on the displacement-coherence map was applied to the original images for background suppression. The results show that contrast was increased by more than 60 dB in an in-vitro experiment with the tagged cells fixed in a polyvinyl-alcohol gel and sandwiched between porcine liver tissues. Using a single sided system, cells injected subcutaneously on the back of a mouse were successfully differentiated from the background, with less than 20 μm coherent magnetic induced displacements isolated from millimetric background breathing motion. These results demonstrate the technique's motion robustness for highly sensitive and specific diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Arnal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Chen-Wei Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Thu-Mai Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Matthew O'Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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832
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Ahmad Khanbeigi R, Abelha TF, Woods A, Rastoin O, Harvey RD, Jones MC, Forbes B, Green MA, Collins H, Dailey LA. Surface chemistry of photoluminescent F8BT conjugated polymer nanoparticles determines protein corona formation and internalization by phagocytic cells. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:733-42. [PMID: 25590257 DOI: 10.1021/bm501649y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer nanoparticles are being developed for a variety of diagnostic and theranostic applications. The conjugated polymer, F8BT, a polyfluorene derivative, was used as a model system to examine the biological behavior of conjugated polymer nanoparticle formulations stabilized with ionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate; F8BT-SDS; ∼207 nm; -31 mV) and nonionic (pegylated 12-hydroxystearate; F8BT-PEG; ∼175 nm; -5 mV) surfactants, and compared with polystyrene nanoparticles of a similar size (PS200; ∼217 nm; -40 mV). F8BT nanoparticles were as hydrophobic as PS200 (hydrophobic interaction chromatography index value: 0.96) and showed evidence of protein corona formation after incubation with serum-containing medium; however, unlike polystyrene, F8BT nanoparticles did not enrich specific proteins onto the nanoparticle surface. J774A.1 macrophage cells internalized approximately ∼20% and ∼60% of the F8BT-SDS and PS200 delivered dose (calculated by the ISDD model) in serum-supplemented and serum-free conditions, respectively, while cell association of F8BT-PEG was minimal (<5% of the delivered dose). F8BT-PEG, however, was more cytotoxic (IC50 4.5 μg cm(-2)) than F8BT-SDS or PS200. The study results highlight that F8BT surface chemistry influences the composition of the protein corona, while the properties of the conjugated polymer nanoparticle surfactant stabilizer used determine particle internalization and biocompatibility profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Ahmad Khanbeigi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London , 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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833
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Garapaty A, Champion JA. Non-covalent phosphorylcholine coating reduces protein adsorption and phagocytic uptake of microparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13814-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03459k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine co-polymer was assembled on model polystyrene microparticles through a simple, widely-applicable ethanol coating process. The coating rendered particles resistant to protein adsorption and phagocytosis by macrophages, making it useful for a range of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Garapaty
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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834
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Bag A, Ghorai PK. Computational investigation of the ligand field effect to improve the photoacoustic properties of organometallic carbonyl clusters. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01757b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallic nitrosyl carbonyl clusters are stable and better high-contrast photoacoustic contrast agents (PACAs) than organometallic carbonyl clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Bag
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- India
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835
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An HW, Qiao SL, Hou CY, Lin YX, Li LL, Xie HY, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang H. Self-assembled NIR nanovesicles for long-term photoacoustic imaging in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a supramolecular approach for preparation of photostable NIR nanovesicles based on a cyanine dye derivative as a photoacoustic (PA) contrast agent for high-performance nano-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei An
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS)
| | - Sheng-Lin Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS)
| | - Chun-Yuan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yao-Xin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS)
| | - Li-Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Han-Yi Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS)
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
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836
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Fuchs AV, Gemmell AC, Thurecht KJ. Utilising polymers to understand diseases: advanced molecular imaging agents. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review describes how the highly tuneable size, shape and chemical functionality of polymeric molecular imaging agents provides a means to intimately probe the various mechanisms behind disease formation and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V. Fuchs
- Centre for Advanced Imaging and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Anna C. Gemmell
- Centre for Advanced Imaging and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology
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837
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Xu X, Liu R, Li L. Nanoparticles made of π-conjugated compounds targeted for chemical and biological applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16733-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This feature article summarizes the recent applications of nanoparticles made of π-conjugated compounds in bio/chemo-sensing, disease therapy, and photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Lidong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
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838
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Khanbeigi RA, Hashim Z, Abelha TF, Pitchford S, Collins H, Green M, Dailey LA. Interactions of stealth conjugated polymer nanoparticles with human whole blood. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2463-2471. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoluminescent conjugated polymeric nanoparticles (CPNs) exhibit favourable properties as fluorescent probes due to their brightness, high photostability, tunable emission spectra and ease of surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeina Hashim
- Department of Physics
- King's College London
- London WC2R 2LS
- UK
| | | | - Simon Pitchford
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- King's College London
- London SE1 9NH
- UK
| | - Helen Collins
- Division of Immunology
- Infection and Inflammatory Diseases
- King's College London
- London SE1 1UL
- UK
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics
- King's College London
- London WC2R 2LS
- UK
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- King's College London
- London SE1 9NH
- UK
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839
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Luk B, Zhang L. Current advances in polymer-based nanotheranostics for cancer treatment and diagnosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21859-73. [PMID: 25014486 PMCID: PMC4278687 DOI: 10.1021/am5036225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotheranostics is a relatively new, fast-growing field that combines the advantages of treatment and diagnosis via a single nanoscale carrier. The ability to bundle both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities into one package offers exciting prospects for the development of novel nanomedicine. Nanotheranostics can deliver treatment while simultaneously monitoring therapy response in real-time, thereby decreasing the potential of over- or under-dosing patients. Polymer-based nanomaterials, in particular, have been used extensively as carriers for both therapeutic and bioimaging agents and thus hold great promise for the construction of multifunctional theranostic formulations. Herein, we review recent advances in polymer-based systems for nanotheranostics, with a particular focus on their applications in cancer research. We summarize the use of polymer nanomaterials for drug delivery, gene delivery, and photodynamic therapy, combined with imaging agents for magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide imaging, and fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian
T. Luk
- Department
of NanoEngineering
and Moores Cancer Center, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department
of NanoEngineering
and Moores Cancer Center, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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840
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Nie L, Huang P, Li W, Yan X, Jin A, Wang Z, Tang Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Niu G, Chen X. Early-stage imaging of nanocarrier-enhanced chemotherapy response in living subjects by scalable photoacoustic microscopy. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12141-50. [PMID: 25406986 PMCID: PMC4278693 DOI: 10.1021/nn505989e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional evaluation methods of chemotherapeutic efficacy such as tissue biopsy and anatomical measurement are either invasive with potential complications or dilatory to capture the rapid pathological changes. Here, a sensitive and resolution-scalable photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) with theranostic nanoformulation was developed to noninvasively monitor the therapy response in a timely manner. Ultrasmall graphene oxide nanosheets were designed as both drug-loading vehicle and photoacoustic signal amplifier to the tumor. With the signal enhancement by the injected contrast agents, the subtle microvascular changes of the chemotherapy response in tumor were advantagely revealed by our PAM system, which was much earlier than the morphological measurement by standard imaging techniques. High tumor uptake of the enhanced nanodrug with Cy5.5 labeling was validated by fluorescence imaging. At different observation scales, PAM offered unprecedented sensitivity of optical absorption and high spatial resolution over optical imaging. Our studies demonstrate the PAM system with synergistic theranostic strategy to be a multiplexing platform for tumor diagnosis, drug delivery, and chemotherapy response monitoring at a very early stage and in an effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Weitao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Albert Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20982, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yuxia Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Shouju Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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841
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Ye F, Sun W, Zhang Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Yu J, Rong Y, Zhang M, Chiu DT. Single-chain semiconducting polymer dots. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 31:499-505. [PMID: 25521606 PMCID: PMC4295807 DOI: 10.1021/la5038684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the preparation and validation of single-chain semiconducting polymer dots (sPdots), which were generated using a method based on surface immobilization, washing, and cleavage. The sPdots have an ultrasmall size of ∼3.0 nm as determined by atomic force microscopy, a size that is consistent with the anticipated diameter calculated from the molecular weight of the single-chain semiconducting polymer. sPdots should find use in biology and medicine as a new class of fluorescent probes. The FRET assay this work presents is a simple and rapid test to ensure methods developed for preparing sPdot indeed produced single-chain Pdots as designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmao Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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842
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Li S, Chen J, Chen G, Li Q, Sun K, Yuan Z, Qin W, Xu H, Wu C. Semiconductor polymer dots induce proliferation in human gastric mucosal and adenocarcinoma cells. Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:318-27. [PMID: 25504417 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cellular uptake behavior and cell viability of semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) on human gastric adenocarcinoma (SGC-7901) cells and human gastric mucosal (GES-1) cells. MTT studies indicate the Pdot treatment induces obvious cell proliferation in both types of cell lines. We performed further investigations such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) change, which indicate that the cell proliferation is in good agreement with the increase in the ROS and MMP levels. Moreover, expression of protein kinase B (Akt) decreased as the Pdot concentration increases, but the expression of protein dual-phosphorylated Erk (p-Erk) and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) were increased. These effects indicated that the Pdots could promote the growth of SGC-7901 cells and GES-1 cells by appropriately regulating the expressions of protein Akt, p-Erk, and p-JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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843
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Hsiow CY, Raja R, Wang CY, Lin YH, Yang YW, Hsieh YJ, Rwei SP, Chiu WY, Huang CI, Wang L. Impact of constitution of the terthiophene-vinylene conjugated side chain on the optical and photovoltaic properties of two-dimensional polythiophenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25111-20. [PMID: 25332133 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the spatial arrangement of the conjugated side chains of two-dimensional polymers on their optical, electrochemical, molecular-packing, and photovoltaic characteristics were investigated. Accordingly, novel polythiophenes with horizontally (PBTTTV-h) and vertically (PBTTTV-v) grafted terthiophene–vinylene (TTV) conjugated side chains were synthesized that display two and one UV-vis peaks, respectively; the difference is due to the different constitutions of the conjugated side-chains. Because the spatial arrangement affects the molecular self-assembly, PBTTTV-h shows stronger crystallinity than PBTTTV-v, which enhances the charge mobility in devices. Moreover, PBTTTV-h has a lower HOMO energy level (−5.49 eV) than PBTTTV-v (−5.40 eV). Bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated from PBTTTV-h/PC71BM and PBTTTV-v/PC71BM exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 4.75% and 4.00%, respectively, and Voc values of 800 and 730 mV, respectively, under AM1.5G illumination (100 mW cm(−2)). Thus, the architecture of the TTV conjugated side chains affects the optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties; this study provides more ideas for improving 2-D conjugated polymers for semiconductor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Yo Hsiow
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan.
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844
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Miki K, Inoue T, Kobayashi Y, Nakano K, Matsuoka H, Yamauchi F, Yano T, Ohe K. Near-Infrared Dye-Conjugated Amphiphilic Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives as a Dual Contrast Agent for In Vivo Optical and Photoacoustic Tumor Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:219-27. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501438e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fumio Yamauchi
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon, Inc., 30-2, Shimomaruko 3-chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yano
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon, Inc., 30-2, Shimomaruko 3-chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
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845
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Low-bandgap biophotonic nanoblend: a platform for systemic disease targeting and functional imaging. Biomaterials 2014; 39:225-33. [PMID: 25465444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photonic nanomaterials have found wide applications in theranostics. We introduce here a design of all-organic photonic nanoparticles, different from traditional ones, in which we utilize nanoblend of a low-bandgap π-conjugated polymer (LB-CP) and polystyrene as the photonic core, surrounded by an FDA-approved polymeric surfactant. This design provides capability for efficient deep tissue imaging using highly penetrating near-infrared (NIR) excitation and emission of LB-CP and also allows us to incorporate a NIR phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive dye in the core to serve as a dual-emissive probe for hypoxia imaging. These biophotonic nanoblend (BNB) particles (∼20 nm in diameter) show facile blood circulation, efficient disease targeting and minimal liver filtration as well as sustained renal excretion in the intravenously administered mouse models, as noninvasively visualized by the NIR emission signals. In diseased mouse models, pathological tissue deoxygenation at hypoxic sites was successfully detected with ratiometric spectral information. We also show that our nanoformulation exhibits no apparent toxicity, thus serving as a versatile biophotonics platform for diagnostic imaging.
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846
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Pennakalathil J, Özgün A, Durmaz I, Cetin-Atalay R, Tuncel D. pH-responsive near-infrared emitting conjugated polymer nanoparticles for cellular imaging and controlled-drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jousheed Pennakalathil
- Department of Chemistry; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center; Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Alp Özgün
- National Nanotechnology Research Center; Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Irem Durmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Rengül Cetin-Atalay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Dönüs Tuncel
- Department of Chemistry; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center; Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
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847
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Zhang J, Qiao Z, Yang P, Pan J, Wang L, Wang H. Recent Advances in Near-Infrared Absorption Nanomaterials as Photoacoustic Contrast Agents for Biomedical Imaging. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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848
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An FF, Deng ZJ, Ye J, Zhang JF, Yang YL, Li CH, Zheng CJ, Zhang XH. Aggregation-induced near-infrared absorption of squaraine dye in an albumin nanocomplex for photoacoustic tomography in vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:17985-17992. [PMID: 25223319 DOI: 10.1021/am504816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a newly emerging noninvasive imaging modality that could be further enhanced using near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing materials as contrast agents. To date, the most extensively studied photoacoustic imaging agents are inorganic nanomaterials because organic materials with NIR-absorption capabilities are limited. In this study, a NIR-absorbing nanocomplex composed of a squaraine dye (SQ) and albumin was prepared based on the aggregation-induced NIR absorption of SQ. Through aggregation, the absorption spectrum of SQ was widened from the visible-light region to the NIR region, which facilitated photoacoustic signal generation in the tissue-transparent NIR optical window (700-900 nm). Blood analysis and histology measurements revealed that the nanocomplex can be used for PAT applications in vivo without obvious toxicity to living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei An
- Nano-organic Photoelectronic Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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849
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850
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Rare-Earth doped particles as dual-modality contrast agent for minimally-invasive luminescence and dual-wavelength photoacoustic imaging. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6562. [PMID: 25297843 PMCID: PMC4190509 DOI: 10.1038/srep06562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-modal imaging is an emerging area that integrates multiple imaging modalities to simultaneously capture visual information over many spatial scales. Complementary contrast agents need to be co-developed in order to achieve high resolution and contrast. In this work, we demonstrated that rare-earth doped particles (REDPs) can be employed as dual-modal imaging agents for both luminescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging to achieve intrinsic high contrast, temporal and spatial resolution, reaching deeper depth. REDPs synthesized with different surfactants (citric acid, polyacrylic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium citrate) exhibit tunable emission properties and PA signal amplitudes. Amongst these samples, sodium citrate-modified REDPs showed the strongest PA signals. Furthermore, since REDPs have multiple absorption peaks, they offer a unique opportunity for multi-wavelength PA imaging (e.g. PA signals were measured using 520 and 975 nm excitations). The in vivo PA images around the cortical superior sagittal sinus (SSS) blood vessel captured with enhanced signal arising from REDPs demonstrated that in addition to be excellent luminescent probes, REDPs can also be used as successful PA contrast agents. Anisotropic polyacrylic acid-modified REDPs were found to be the best candidates for dual-modal luminescence and PA imaging due to their strong luminescence and PA signal intensities.
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