801
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Cuvertino S, Lacaud G, Kouskoff V. SOX7-enforced expression promotes the expansion of adult blood progenitors and blocks B-cell development. Open Biol 2016; 6:160070. [PMID: 27411892 PMCID: PMC4967825 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the three SOXF transcription factors, SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18, regulate the specification of the cardiovascular system and are also involved in the development of haematopoiesis. The ectopic expression of SOX17 in both embryonic and adult blood cells enhances self-renewal. Likewise, the enforced expression of SOX7 during embryonic development promotes the proliferation of early blood progenitors and blocks lineage commitment. However, whether SOX7 expression can also affect the self-renewal of adult blood progenitors has never been explored. In this study, we demonstrate using an inducible transgenic mouse model that the enforced expression of Sox7 ex vivo in bone marrow/stroma cell co-culture promotes the proliferation of blood progenitors which retain multi-lineage short-term engrafting capacity. Furthermore, SOX7 expression induces a profound block in the generation of B lymphocytes. Correspondingly, the ectopic expression of SOX7 in vivo results in dramatic alterations of the haematopoietic system, inducing the proliferation of blood progenitors in the bone marrow while blocking B lymphopoiesis. In addition, SOX7 expression induces extra-medullary haematopoiesis in the spleen and liver. Together, these data demonstrate that the uncontrolled expression of the transcription factor SOX7 in adult haematopoietic cells has dramatic consequences on blood homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cuvertino
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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802
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Wilson KS, Tucker CS, Al-Dujaili EAS, Holmes MC, Hadoke PWF, Kenyon CJ, Denvir MA. Early-life glucocorticoids programme behaviour and metabolism in adulthood in zebrafish. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:125-42. [PMID: 27390302 PMCID: PMC5064771 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) in utero influence embryonic development with consequent programmed effects on adult physiology and pathophysiology and altered susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. However, in viviparous species, studies of these processes are compromised by secondary maternal influences. The zebrafish, being fertilised externally, avoids this problem and has been used here to investigate the effects of transient alterations in GC activity during early development. Embryonic fish were treated either with dexamethasone (a synthetic GC), an antisense GC receptor (GR) morpholino (GR Mo), or hypoxia for the first 120h post fertilisation (hpf); responses were measured during embryonic treatment or later, post treatment, in adults. All treatments reduced cortisol levels in embryonic fish to similar levels. However, morpholino- and hypoxia-treated embryos showed delayed physical development (slower hatching and straightening of head-trunk angle, shorter body length), less locomotor activity, reduced tactile responses and anxiogenic activity. In contrast, dexamethasone-treated embryos showed advanced development and thigmotaxis but no change in locomotor activity or tactile responses. Gene expression changes were consistent with increased (dexamethasone) and decreased (hypoxia, GR Mo) GC activity. In adults, stressed cortisol values were increased with dexamethasone and decreased by GR Mo and hypoxia pre-treatments. Other responses were similarly differentially affected. In three separate tests of behaviour, dexamethasone-programmed fish appeared 'bolder' than matched controls, whereas Mo and hypoxia pre-treated fish were unaffected or more reserved. Similarly, the dexamethasone group but not the Mo or hypoxia groups were heavier, longer and had a greater girth than controls. Hyperglycaemia and expression of GC responsive gene (pepck) were also increased in the dexamethasone group. We conclude that GC activity controls many aspects of early-life growth and development in the zebrafish and that, like other species, manipulating GC status pharmacologically, physiologically or genetically in early life leads to programmable metabolic and behavioural traits in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Wilson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C S Tucker
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E A S Al-Dujaili
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M C Holmes
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P W F Hadoke
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C J Kenyon
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M A Denvir
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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803
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Ansardamavandi A, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Omidvar R, Jahanzad I. Quantification of effects of cancer on elastic properties of breast tissue by Atomic Force Microscopy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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804
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Irradiation enhances susceptibility of tumor cells to the antitumor effects of TNF-α activated adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in breast cancer model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28433. [PMID: 27329316 PMCID: PMC4916474 DOI: 10.1038/srep28433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene modified or cytokine activated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used as a treatment in various types of cancer. Moreover, irradiation is usually applied as either a standard primary or adjuvant therapy. Here, we showed that the expression of TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Dickouf-3 (Dkk-3), the promising anticancer proteins, increased in murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) following activation with TNF-α, resulting in the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Also, anticancer effects of TNF-α activated AD-MSCs were intensified with irradiation. In vivo results showed that TNF-α preactivated AD-MSCs combined with irradiation decreased tumor size and increased survival rate in tumor bearing mice. On the other hands, both TNF-α preactivated AD-MSCs with or without irradiation prevented metastasis in ling and liver, and increased apoptosis in tumor mass. Finally, flowcytometry assay demonstrated that naïve AD-MSCs combined with irradiation but not TNF-α activated MSCs with irradiation increased Treg population in lymph node and spleen. Altogether, obtained results suggest that TNF-α activated MSCs combined with irradiation therapy can serve as new strategy in breast cancer therapy.
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805
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Friesen M, Hudak CS, Warren CR, Xia F, Cowan CA. Adipocyte insulin receptor activity maintains adipose tissue mass and lifespan. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:487-492. [PMID: 27246738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes follows a well-defined progressive pathogenesis, beginning with insulin resistance in metabolic tissues such as the adipose. Intracellular signaling downstream of insulin receptor activation regulates critical metabolic functions of adipose tissue, including glucose uptake, lipogenesis, lipolysis and adipokine secretion. Previous studies have used the aP2 promoter to drive Cre recombinase expression in adipose tissue. Insulin receptor (IR) knockout mice created using this aP2-Cre strategy (FIRKO mice) were protected from obesity and glucose intolerance. Later studies demonstrated the promiscuity of the aP2 promoter, casting doubts upon the tissue specificity of aP2-Cre models. It is our goal to use the increased precision of the Adipoq promoter to investigate adipocyte-specific IR function. Towards this end we generated an adipocyte-specific IR knockout (AIRKO) mouse using an Adipoq-driven Cre recombinase. Here we report AIRKO mice are less insulin sensitive throughout life, and less glucose tolerant than wild-type (WT) littermates at the age of 16 weeks. In contrast to WT littermates, the insulin sensitivity of AIRKO mice is unaffected by age or dietary regimen. At any age, AIRKO mice are comparably insulin resistant to old or obese WT mice and have a significantly reduced lifespan. Similar results were obtained when these phenotypes were re-examined in FIRKO mice. We also found that the AIRKO mouse is protected from high-fat diet-induced weight gain, corresponding with a 90% reduction in tissue weight of major adipose depots compared to WT littermates. Adipose tissue mass reduction is accompanied by hepatomegaly and increased hepatic steatosis. These data indicate that adipocyte IR function is crucial to systemic energy metabolism and has profound effects on adiposity, hepatic homeostasis and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Friesen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Carolyn S Hudak
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Curtis R Warren
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fang Xia
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Chad A Cowan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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806
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Yousuf MA, Tan C, Torres-Altoro MI, Lu FM, Plautz E, Zhang S, Takahashi M, Hernandez A, Kernie SG, Plattner F, Bibb JA. Involvement of aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 5/p25 activity in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2016; 138:317-27. [PMID: 26998748 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with adverse effects on brain functions, including sensation, language, emotions and/or cognition. Therapies for improving outcomes following TBI are limited. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI may suggest novel treatment strategies to facilitate recovery and improve treatment outcome. Aberrant activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been implicated in neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. Cdk5 is a neuronal protein kinase activated via interaction with its cofactor p35 that regulates numerous neuronal functions, including synaptic remodeling and cognition. However, conversion of p35 to p25 via Ca(2+) -dependent activation of calpain results in an aberrantly active Cdk5/p25 complex that is associated with neuronal damage and cell death. Here, we show that mice subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI), a well-established experimental TBI model, exhibit increased p25 levels and consistently elevated Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in hippocampal lysates. Moreover, CCI-induced neuroinflammation as indicated by increased astrocytic activation and number of reactive microglia. Brain-wide conditional Cdk5 knockout mice (Cdk5 cKO) subjected to CCI exhibited significantly reduced edema, ventricular dilation, and injury area. Finally, neurophysiological recordings revealed that CCI attenuated excitatory post-synaptic potential field responses in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 pathway 24 h after injury. This neurophysiological deficit was attenuated in Cdk5 cKO mice. Thus, TBI induces increased levels of p25 generation and aberrant Cdk5 activity, which contributes to pathophysiological processes underlying TBI progression. Hence, selectively preventing aberrant Cdk5 activity may be an effective acute strategy to improve recovery from TBI. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases astrogliosis and microglial activation. Moreover, TBI deregulates Ca(2+) -homeostasis triggering p25 production. The protein kinase Cdk5 is aberrantly activated by p25 leading to phosphorylation of substrates including tau and Rb protein. Loss of Cdk5 attenuates TBI lesion size, indicating that Cdk5 is a critical player in TBI pathogenesis and thus may be a suitable therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Yousuf
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa I Torres-Altoro
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Fang-Min Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Erik Plautz
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adan Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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807
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Litjens G, Sánchez CI, Timofeeva N, Hermsen M, Nagtegaal I, Kovacs I, Hulsbergen-van de Kaa C, Bult P, van Ginneken B, van der Laak J. Deep learning as a tool for increased accuracy and efficiency of histopathological diagnosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26286. [PMID: 27212078 PMCID: PMC4876324 DOI: 10.1038/srep26286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologists face a substantial increase in workload and complexity of histopathologic cancer diagnosis due to the advent of personalized medicine. Therefore, diagnostic protocols have to focus equally on efficiency and accuracy. In this paper we introduce ‘deep learning’ as a technique to improve the objectivity and efficiency of histopathologic slide analysis. Through two examples, prostate cancer identification in biopsy specimens and breast cancer metastasis detection in sentinel lymph nodes, we show the potential of this new methodology to reduce the workload for pathologists, while at the same time increasing objectivity of diagnoses. We found that all slides containing prostate cancer and micro- and macro-metastases of breast cancer could be identified automatically while 30–40% of the slides containing benign and normal tissue could be excluded without the use of any additional immunohistochemical markers or human intervention. We conclude that ‘deep learning’ holds great promise to improve the efficacy of prostate cancer diagnosis and breast cancer staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Litjens
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara I Sánchez
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadya Timofeeva
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Meyke Hermsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iringo Kovacs
- Department of Pathology, Amphia Breda Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Bult
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van Ginneken
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Laak
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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808
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Alhasan L, Qi A, Al-Abboodi A, Rezk A, Chan PP, Iliescu C, Yeo LY. Rapid Enhancement of Cellular Spheroid Assembly by Acoustically Driven Microcentrifugation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1013-1022. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Alhasan
- Biotechnology & Biological Sciences, School of Applied Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aisha Qi
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aswan Al-Abboodi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amgad Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Peggy P.Y. Chan
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- Institute
of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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809
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Jenkins CA, Lewis PD, Dunstan PR, Harris DA. Role of Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:427-438. [PMID: 27190582 PMCID: PMC4865710 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i5.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the United Kingdom and is the second largest cause of cancer related death in the United Kingdom after lung cancer. Currently in the United Kingdom there is not a diagnostic test that has sufficient differentiation between patients with cancer and those without cancer so the current referral system relies on symptomatic presentation in a primary care setting. Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are forms of vibrational spectroscopy that offer a non-destructive method to gain molecular information about biological samples. The techniques offer a wide range of applications from in vivo or in vitro diagnostics using endoscopic probes, to the use of micro-spectrometers for analysis of biofluids. The techniques have the potential to detect molecular changes prior to any morphological changes occurring in the tissue and therefore could offer many possibilities to aid the detection of CRC. The purpose of this review is to look at the current state of diagnostic technology in the United Kingdom. The development of Raman spectroscopy and SERS in clinical applications relation for CRC will then be discussed. Finally, future areas of research of Raman/SERS as a clinical tool for the diagnosis of CRC are also discussed.
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810
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Martel-Frachet V, Keramidas M, Nurisso A, DeBonis S, Rome C, Coll JL, Boumendjel A, Skoufias DA, Ronot X. IPP51, a chalcone acting as a microtubule inhibitor with in vivo antitumor activity against bladder carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14669-86. [PMID: 26036640 PMCID: PMC4546496 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified 1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(1-methylindolyl) propenone (IPP51), a new chalcone derivative that is capable of inducing prometaphase arrest and subsequent apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that IPP51 selectively inhibits proliferation of tumor-derived cells versus normal non-tumor cells. IPP51 interfered with spindle formation and mitotic chromosome alignment. Accumulation of cyclin B1 and mitotic checkpoint proteins Bub1 and BubR1 on chromosomes in IPP51 treated cells indicated the activation of spindle-assembly checkpoint, which is consistent with the mitotic arrest. The antimitotic actions of other chalcones are often associated with microtubule disruption. Indeed, IPP51 inhibited tubulin polymerization in an in vitro assay with purified tubulin. In cells, IPP51 induced an increase in soluble tubulin. Furthermore, IPP51 inhibited in vitro capillary-like tube formation by endothelial cells, indicating that it has anti-angiogenic activity. Molecular docking showed that the indol group of IPP51 can be accommodated in the colchicine binding site of tubulin. This characteristic was confirmed by an in vitro competition assay demonstrating that IPP51 can compete for colchicine binding to soluble tubulin. Finally, in a human bladder xenograft mouse model, IPP51 inhibited tumor growth without signs of toxicity. Altogether, these findings suggest that IPP51 is an attractive new microtubule-targeting agent with potential chemotherapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Martel-Frachet
- Université Joseph Fourier, AGIM CNRS FRE, EPHE, GRENOBLE Cedex 9. Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Michelle Keramidas
- Unité INSERM/UJF U823, Centre de recherche Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Alessandra Nurisso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Claire Rome
- Unité Inserm, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Site Santé, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Unité INSERM/UJF U823, Centre de recherche Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UMR, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Xavier Ronot
- Université Joseph Fourier, AGIM CNRS FRE, EPHE, GRENOBLE Cedex 9. Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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811
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Külling FA, Liu JJ, Liebenberg E, Lotz JC. Implantation of juvenile human chondrocytes demonstrates no adverse effect on spinal nerve tissue in rats. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2016; 25:2958-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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812
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Guastella AR, Michelhaugh SK, Klinger NV, Kupsky WJ, Polin LA, Muzik O, Juhász C, Mittal S. Tryptophan PET Imaging of the Kynurenine Pathway in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Glioblastoma. Mol Imaging 2016; 15:15/0/1536012116644881. [PMID: 27151136 PMCID: PMC4887573 DOI: 10.1177/1536012116644881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates the immunosuppressive kynurenine pathway's (KP) role in the pathophysiology of human gliomas. To study the KP in vivo, we used the noninvasive molecular imaging tracer α-[(11)C]-methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT). The AMT-positron emission tomography (PET) has shown high uptake in high-grade gliomas and predicted survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). We generated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from dissociated cells, or tumor fragments, from 5 patients with GBM. Mice bearing subcutaneous tumors were imaged with AMT-PET, and tumors were analyzed to detect the KP enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) 1, IDO2, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, kynureninase, and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase. Overall, PET imaging showed robust tumoral AMT uptake in PDX mice with prolonged tracer accumulation over 60 minutes, consistent with AMT trapping seen in humans. Immunostained tumor tissues demonstrated positive detection of multiple KP enzymes. Furthermore, intracranial implantation of GBM cells was performed with imaging at both 9 and 14 days postimplant, with a marked increase in AMT uptake at 14 days and a corresponding high level of tissue immunostaining for KP enzymes. These results indicate that our PDX mouse models recapitulate human GBM, including aberrant tryptophan metabolism, and offer an in vivo system for development of targeted therapeutics for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Guastella
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Neil V Klinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - William J Kupsky
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa A Polin
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Otto Muzik
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Csaba Juhász
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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813
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Hedberg-Buenz A, Christopher MA, Lewis CJ, Fernandes KA, Dutca LM, Wang K, Scheetz TE, Abràmoff MD, Libby RT, Garvin MK, Anderson MG. Quantitative measurement of retinal ganglion cell populations via histology-based random forest classification. Exp Eye Res 2016; 146:370-385. [PMID: 26474494 PMCID: PMC4841761 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The inner surface of the retina contains a complex mixture of neurons, glia, and vasculature, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the final output neurons of the retina and primary neurons that are damaged in several blinding diseases. The goal of the current work was two-fold: to assess the feasibility of using computer-assisted detection of nuclei and random forest classification to automate the quantification of RGCs in hematoxylin/eosin (H&E)-stained retinal whole-mounts; and if possible, to use the approach to examine how nuclear size influences disease susceptibility among RGC populations. To achieve this, data from RetFM-J, a semi-automated ImageJ-based module that detects, counts, and collects quantitative data on nuclei of H&E-stained whole-mounted retinas, were used in conjunction with a manually curated set of images to train a random forest classifier. To test performance, computer-derived outputs were compared to previously published features of several well-characterized mouse models of ophthalmic disease and their controls: normal C57BL/6J mice; Jun-sufficient and Jun-deficient mice subjected to controlled optic nerve crush (CONC); and DBA/2J mice with naturally occurring glaucoma. The result of these efforts was development of RetFM-Class, a command-line-based tool that uses data output from RetFM-J to perform random forest classification of cell type. Comparative testing revealed that manual and automated classifications by RetFM-Class correlated well, with 83.2% classification accuracy for RGCs. Automated characterization of C57BL/6J retinas predicted 54,642 RGCs per normal retina, and identified a 48.3% Jun-dependent loss of cells at 35 days post CONC and a 71.2% loss of RGCs among 16-month-old DBA/2J mice with glaucoma. Output from automated analyses was used to compare nuclear area among large numbers of RGCs from DBA/2J mice (n = 127,361). In aged DBA/2J mice with glaucoma, RetFM-Class detected a decrease in median and mean nucleus size of cells classified into the RGC category, as did an independent confirmation study using manual measurements of nuclear area demarcated by BRN3A-immunoreactivity. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that histology-based random forest classification is feasible and can be utilized to study RGCs in a high-throughput fashion. Despite having some limitations, this approach demonstrated a significant association between the size of the RGC nucleus and the DBA/2J form of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hedberg-Buenz
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark A Christopher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Carly J Lewis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kimberly A Fernandes
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Laura M Dutca
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Todd E Scheetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael D Abràmoff
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Richard T Libby
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mona K Garvin
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael G Anderson
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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814
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Czapar AE, Zheng YR, Riddell IA, Shukla S, Awuah SG, Lippard SJ, Steinmetz NF. Tobacco Mosaic Virus Delivery of Phenanthriplatin for Cancer therapy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4119-26. [PMID: 26982250 PMCID: PMC5155116 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl(phenanthridine)](NO3), is a cationic monofunctional DNA-binding platinum(II) anticancer drug candidate with unusual potency and cellular response profiles. Its in vivo efficacy has not yet been demonstrated, highlighting the need for a delivery system. Here we report tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a delivery system for phenanthriplatin. TMV forms hollow nanotubes with a polyanionic interior surface; capitalizing on this native structure, we developed a one-step phenanthriplatin loading protocol. Phenanthriplatin release from the carrier is induced in acidic environments. This delivery system, designated PhenPt-TMV, exhibits matched efficacy in a cancer cell panel compared to free phenanthriplatin. In vivo tumor delivery and efficacy were confirmed by using a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer. Tumors treated with PhenPt-TMV were 4× smaller than tumors treated with free phenanthriplatin or cisplatin, owing to increased accumulation of phenanthriplatin within the tumor tissue. The biology-derived TMV delivery system may facilitate translation of phenanthriplatin into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Czapar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Imogen A. Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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815
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Virulence and serological studies of recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout. Virus Res 2016; 220:193-202. [PMID: 27117321 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus is a highly contagious disease of juvenile salmonid species. From the IHNV HLJ-09 isolated in China, two recombinant viruses were generated by reverse genetics using the RNA polymerase II transcription system. The recombinant viruses were confirmed by RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay and electron microscopy. They were referred to as rIHNV HLJ-09 and rIHNV-EGFP. rIHNV HLJ-09 and rIHNV-EGFP could stably replicate in EPC cell lines and had the same cellular tropism as wtIHNV HLJ-09. But the titer of rIHNV-EGFP was significantly lower than rIHNV HLJ-09 and wtIHNV HLJ-09. rIHNV-EGFP strain could express EGFP stably at least in 20 passages, and the fluorescence could be observed clearly. To assess the virulence and pathogenicity of the recombinant viruses in vivo, juvenile rainbow trout were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with 20μl of rIHNV HLJ-09, rIHNV-EGFP or wtIHNV HLJ-09 (1×10(6)pfuml(-1)). Fish challenged with rIHNV HLJ-09 and wtIHNV HLJ-09 exhibited clinical signs typical of IHN disease and both produced 90% cumulative percent mortality, whlie rIHNV-EGFP produced only 5%. Pathological sectioning results showed that the tissues (liver, kidney, heart muscle, back muscle) of the fish infected with rIHNV HLJ-09 exhibited pathological changes, with the exception of cerebral neurons and the cheek. However, no lesions of liver, kidney, heart, muscle, brain in rainbow trout of rIHNV-EGFP or the control group were observed. Indirect ELISA results showed that a high level of serum antibody was detected in the experimental fish challenged with rIHNV HLJ-09, just as the same as wtIHNV HLJ-09, while a lower titer was detecred in the fish infected with rIHNV-EGFP. This indicated that the recombinant viruses could induce humoral immune response in the experimental fish. The recombinant viruses had unique genetic tags and could be used for genetic engineering, laying new ground for further investigation of IHNV pathopoiesis molecular mechanism, host tropism and the development of novel vaccines against IHN.
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816
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Pasternak MM, Wirtzfeld LA, Kolios MC, Czarnota GJ. High-frequency ultrasound analysis of post-mitotic arrest cell death. Oncoscience 2016; 3:109-21. [PMID: 27226984 PMCID: PMC4872649 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive monitoring of cancer cell death would permit rapid feedback on treatment response. One technique showing such promise is quantitative ultrasound. High-frequency ultrasound spectral radiofrequency analysis was used to study cell death in breast cancer cell samples. Quantitative ultrasound parameters, including attenuation, spectral slope, spectral 0-MHz-intercept, midband fit, and fitted parameters displayed significant changes with paclitaxel-induced cell death, corresponding to observations of morphological changes seen in histology and electron microscopy. In particular, a decrease in spectral slope from 0.24±0.07 dB/MHz to 0.04±0.09 dB/MHz occurred over 24 hours of treatment time and was identified as an ultrasound parameter capable of differentiating post-mitotic arrest cell death from classical apoptosis. The formation of condensed chromatin aggregates of 1 micron or greater in size increased the number of intracellular scatterers, consistent with a hypothesis that nuclear material is a primary source of ultrasound scattering in dying cells. It was demonstrated that the midband fit quantitatively correlated to cell death index, with a Pearson R-squared value of 0.99 at p<0.01. These results suggest that high-frequency ultrasound can not only qualitatively assess the degree of cancer cell death, but may be used to quantify the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice M Pasternak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics, and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
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817
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Kumar M, Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Dahiya V, Lahkar M. Baicalein protects isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemic injury in male Wistar rats by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:613-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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818
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Fyn kinase genetic ablation causes structural abnormalities in mature retina and defective Müller cell function. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 72:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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819
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Real-time-guided bone regeneration around standardized critical size calvarial defects using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and collagen membrane with and without using tricalcium phosphate: an in vivo micro-computed tomographic and histologic experiment in rats. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:7-15. [PMID: 27025260 PMCID: PMC4822179 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present real time in vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histologic experiment was to assess the efficacy of guided bone regeneration (GBR) around standardized calvarial critical size defects (CSD) using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and collagen membrane (CM) with and without tricalcium phosphate (TCP) graft material. In the calvaria of nine female Sprague-Dawley rats, full-thickness CSD (diameter 4.6 mm) were created under general anesthesia. Treatment-wise, rats were divided into three groups. In group 1, CSD was covered with a resorbable CM; in group 2, BMSCs were filled in CSD and covered with CM; and in group 3, TCP soaked in BMSCs was placed in CSD and covered with CM. All defects were closed using resorbable sutures. Bone volume and bone mineral density of newly formed bone (NFB) and remaining TCP particles and rate of new bone formation was determined at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks using in vivo µCT. At the 10th week, the rats were killed and calvarial segments were assessed histologically. The results showed that the hardness of NFB was similar to that of the native bone in groups 1 and 2 as compared to the NFB in group 3. Likewise, values for the modulus of elasticity were also significantly higher in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2. This suggests that TCP when used in combination with BMSCs and without CM was unable to form bone of significant strength that could possibly provide mechanical “lock” between the natural bone and NFB. The use of BMSCs as adjuncts to conventional GBR initiated new bone formation as early as 2 weeks of treatment compared to when GBR is attempted without adjunct BMSC therapy.
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820
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Doxycycline Promotes Carcinogenesis & Metastasis via Chronic Inflammatory Pathway: An In Vivo Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151539. [PMID: 26998758 PMCID: PMC4801417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doxycycline (DOX) exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and pro-apoptotic activity and is being tested in clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic agent for several cancers, including colon cancer. Materials & Methods In the current study, the chemotherapeutic activity of doxycycline was tested in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis, induced by colon specific cancer promoter, 1,2, dimethylhydrazine (DMH) as well as study the effect of DOX-alone on a separate group of rats. Results Doxycycline administration in DMH-treated rats (DMH-DOX) unexpectedly increased tumor multiplicity, stimulated progression of colonic tumor growth from adenomas to carcinomas and revealed metastasis in small intestine as determined by macroscopic and histopathological analysis. DOX-alone treatment showed markedly enhanced chronic inflammation and reactive hyperplasia, which was dependent upon the dose of doxycycline administered. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed evidence of inflammation and anti-apoptotic action of DOX by deregulation of various biomarkers. Conclusion These results suggest that doxycycline caused chronic inflammation in colon, small intestine injury, enhanced the efficacy of DMH in tumor progression and provided a mechanistic link between doxycycline-induced chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. Ongoing studies thus may need to focus on the molecular mechanisms of doxycycline action, which lead to its inflammatory and tumorigenic effects.
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821
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Effects of Quorum Sensing Systems on Regulatory T Cells in Catheter-Related Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infection Rat Models. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4012912. [PMID: 27069314 PMCID: PMC4812362 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4012912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quorum sensing (QS) systems play an important role in modulating biofilm formation. Recent studies have found that the QS molecules had complex effects on the host immune systems. In addition, regulatory T cells (Tregs), known as important negative regulators in the immune system, have been found upregulated in multiple chronic infections. Therefore, the QS systems were hypothesized to be involved in modulating Tregs in biofilm-associated infections. Object. To explore the effects of QS systems on Tregs in catheter-related Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection rat models. METHOD Catheter-related Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection rat models were established; the bacterial clearance rates, total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, pathological changes of lungs, and the levels of Foxp3, TGF-β1, and IL-10 in PAO1 strain group were examined and compared with the QS-mutant ΔlasRΔrhlR and ΔlasIΔrhlI groups. RESULTS In PAO1 group, the bacterial clearance rates were lower, total cell counts were higher, pathological changes were severer, and the levels of Foxp3, TGF-β1, and IL-10 were significantly higher compared with QS-mutant groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the two QS-mutant groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION QS systems can trigger host immune system, accompanied with the upregulation of Tregs.
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822
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Aydin S, Kuloglu T, Ozercan MR, Albayrak S, Aydin S, Bakal U, Yilmaz M, Kalayci M, Yardim M, Sarac M, Kazez A, Kocdor H, Kanat B, Ozercan İH, Gonen M, Bilgen M, Balgetir F. Irisin immunohistochemistry in gastrointestinal system cancers. Biotech Histochem 2016; 91:242-50. [PMID: 26963139 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1136988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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823
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Bar I, Cummins S, Elizur A. Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes associated with germ cell and gonad development in the Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:217. [PMID: 26965070 PMCID: PMC4785667 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling and managing the breeding of bluefin tuna (Thunnus spp.) in captivity is an imperative step towards obtaining a sustainable supply of these fish in aquaculture production systems. Germ cell transplantation (GCT) is an innovative technology for the production of inter-species surrogates, by transplanting undifferentiated germ cells derived from a donor species into larvae of a host species. The transplanted surrogates will then grow and mature to produce donor-derived seed, thus providing a simpler alternative to maintaining large-bodied broodstock such as the bluefin tuna. Implementation of GCT for new species requires the development of molecular tools to follow the fate of the transplanted germ cells. These tools are based on key reproductive and germ cell-specific genes. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) provides a rapid, cost-effective method for high throughput gene identification in non-model species. This study utilized RNA-Seq to identify key genes expressed in the gonads of Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, SBT) and their specific expression patterns in male and female gonad cells. RESULTS Key genes involved in the reproductive molecular pathway and specifically, germ cell development in gonads, were identified using analysis of RNA-Seq transcriptomes of male and female SBT gonad cells. Expression profiles of transcripts from ovary and testis cells were compared, as well as testis germ cell-enriched fraction prepared with Percoll gradient, as used in GCT studies. Ovary cells demonstrated over-expression of genes related to stem cell maintenance, while in testis cells, transcripts encoding for reproduction-associated receptors, sex steroids and hormone synthesis and signaling genes were over-expressed. Within the testis cells, the Percoll-enriched fraction showed over-expression of genes that are related to post-meiosis germ cell populations. CONCLUSIONS Gonad development and germ cell related genes were identified from SBT gonads and their expression patterns in ovary and testis cells were determined. These expression patterns correlate with the reproductive developmental stage of the sampled fish. The majority of the genes described in this study were sequenced for the first time in T. maccoyii. The wealth of SBT gonadal and germ cell-related gene sequences made publicly available by this study provides an extensive resource for further GCT and reproductive molecular biology studies of this commercially valuable fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Bar
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4558 Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott Cummins
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4558 Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4558 Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
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824
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Lin C, Shao R, Yan C, Chen C. Hexarelin Protects Rodent Pancreatic Β-Cells Function from Cytotoxic Effects of Streptozotocin Involving Mitochondrial Signalling Pathways In Vivo and In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149730. [PMID: 26918825 PMCID: PMC4769129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions are crucial for pancreatic β-cell survival and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Hexarelin (Hex) is a synthetic small peptide ghrelin analogue, which has been shown to protect cardiomyocytes from the ischemia-reperfusion process. In this study, we used in vitro and in vivo models of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced β-cell damage to study the protective effect of Hex and the associated mechanisms. We found that STZ produced a cytotoxic effect in a dose- and time-dependent manner in MIN6 cells (a mouse β-cell line). Hex (1.0 μM) decreased the STZ-induced damage in β-cells. Rhodamine 123 assay and superoxide DHE production assay revealed that Hex ameliorated STZ-induced mitochondrial damage and excessive superoxide activity in β-cells. In addition, Hex significantly reduced STZ-induced expression of cleaved Caspases-3, Caspases-9 and the ratio of pro-apoptotic protein Bax to anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in MIN6 cells. We further examined the in vivo effect of Hex in a rat model of type 1 diabetes induced by STZ injection. Hex ameliorated STZ-induced decrease in plasma insulin and protected the structure of islets from STZ-induced disruption. Hex also ameliorated STZ-induced expression of cleaved Caspase-9 and the Bax in β-cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that Hex is able to protects β-cell mass from STZ-caused cytotoxic effects involving mitochondrial pathways in vitro and in vivo. Hex may serve as a potential protective agent for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Xinli Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jiezhong Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Renfu Shao
- Gene Cology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Chunxia Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
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825
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Investigation on the effects of the atmospheric pressure plasma on wound healing in diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19144. [PMID: 26902681 PMCID: PMC4763329 DOI: 10.1038/srep19144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 15 percent of individuals with diabetes mellitus suffer from diabetic ulcers worldwide. The aim of this study is to present a non-thermal atmospheric plasma treatment as a novel therapy for diabetic wounds. The plasma consists of ionized helium gas that is produced by a high-voltage (8 kV) and high-frequency (6 kHz) power supply. Diabetes was induced in rats via an intravascular injection of streptozotocin. The plasma was then introduced to artificial xerograph wounds in the rats for 10 minutes. Immunohistochemistry assays was performed to determine the level of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) cytokine. The results showed a low healing rate in the diabetic wounds compared with the wound-healing rate in non-diabetic animals (P < 0.05). Moreover, the results noted that plasma enhanced the wound-healing rate in the non-diabetic rats (P < 0.05), and significant wound contraction occurred after the plasma treatment compared with untreated diabetic wounds (P < 0.05). Histological analyses revealed the formation of an epidermis layer, neovascularization and cell proliferation. The plasma treatment also resulted in the release of TGF-β1 cytokine from cells in the tissue medium. The findings of this study demonstrate the effect of plasma treatment for wound healing in diabetic rats.
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826
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Effect of chronic pesticide exposure on murine cornea: a histopathological, cytological and flow cytometric approach to study ocular damage by xenobiotics. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:7-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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827
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Liang X, Liu X, Wang B, Zou F, Wang A, Qi S, Chen C, Zhao Z, Wang W, Qi Z, Lv F, Hu Z, Wang L, Zhang S, Liu Q, Liu J. Discovery of 2-((3-Amino-4-methylphenyl)amino)-N-(2-methyl-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamido)phenyl)-4-(methylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide (CHMFL-ABL-053) as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Available BCR-ABL/SRC/p38 Kinase Inhibitor for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1984-2004. [PMID: 26789553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a dihydropyrimidopyrimidine core scaffold based compound 27 (GNF-7), we discovered a highly potent (ABL1: IC50 of 70 nM) and selective (S score (1) = 0.02) BCR-ABL inhibitor 18a (CHMFL-ABL-053). Compound 18a did not exhibit apparent inhibitory activity against c-KIT kinase, which is the common target of currently clinically used BCR-ABL inhibitors. Through significant suppression of the BCR-ABL autophosphorylation (EC50 about 100 nM) and downstream mediators such as STAT5, Crkl, and ERK's phosphorylation, 18a inhibited the proliferation of CML cell lines K562 (GI50 = 14 nM), KU812 (GI50 = 25 nM), and MEG-01 (GI50 = 16 nM). A pharmacokinetic study revealed that 18a had over 4 h of half-life and 24% bioavailability in rats. A 50 mg/kg/day dosage treatment could almost completely suppress tumor progression in the K562 cells inoculated xenograft mouse model. As a potential useful drug candidate for CML, 18a is under extensive preclinical safety evaluation now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230036, P. R. China
| | - Beilei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Zou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Aoli Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, P. R. China , Anhui Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Qi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Ziping Qi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Fengchao Lv
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, P. R. China , Anhui Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Zhenquan Hu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Shanchun Zhang
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,Hefei Cosource Medicine Technology Co. LTD. , 358 Ganquan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, P. R. China , Anhui Hefei 230036, P. R. China.,Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
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828
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Browne G, Dragon JA, Hong D, Messier TL, Gordon JAR, Farina NH, Boyd JR, VanOudenhove JJ, Perez AW, Zaidi SK, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. MicroRNA-378-mediated suppression of Runx1 alleviates the aggressive phenotype of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8825-39. [PMID: 26749280 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Runx1 transcription factor, known for its essential role in normal hematopoiesis, was reported in limited studies to be mutated or associated with human breast tumor tissues. Runx1 increases concomitantly with disease progression in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. Compelling questions relate to mechanisms that regulate Runx1 expression in breast cancer. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dysregulation of Runx1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) allows for pathologic increase of Runx1 during breast cancer progression. Microarray profiling of the MMTV-PyMT model revealed significant downregulation of numerous miRNAs predicted to target Runx1. One of these, miR-378, was inversely correlated with Runx1 expression during breast cancer progression in mice and in human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 that represent early- and late-stage diseases, respectively. MiR-378 is nearly absent in MDA-MB-231 cells. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-378 binds the Runx1 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) and inhibits Runx1 expression. Functionally, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-378 in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited Runx1 and suppressed migration and invasion, while inhibition of miR-378 in MCF7 cells increased Runx1 levels and cell migration. Depletion of Runx1 in late-stage breast cancer cells resulted in increased expression of both the miR-378 host gene PPARGC1B and pre-miR-378, suggesting a feedback loop. Taken together, our study identifies a novel and clinically relevant mechanism for regulation of Runx1 in breast cancer that is mediated by a PPARGC1B-miR-378-Runx1 regulatory pathway. Our results highlight the translational potential of miRNA replacement therapy for inhibiting Runx1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Julie A Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, 95 Carrigan Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Deli Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Terri L Messier
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jonathan A R Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas H Farina
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Joseph R Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jennifer J VanOudenhove
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Andrew W Perez
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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829
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Ma C, Song H, Guan K, Zhou J, Xia X, Li F. Characterization of swine testicular cell line as immature porcine Sertoli cell line. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:427-33. [PMID: 26744029 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Swine testicular (ST) cell line is isolated from swine fetal testes and has been widely used in biomedical research fields related to pig virus infection. However, the potential benefit and utilization of ST cells in boar reproductive studies has not been fully explored. As swine fetal testes mainly contain multiple types of cells such as Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, gonocytes, and peritubular myoid cells, it is necessary to clarify the cell type of ST cell line. In this study, we identified ST cell line was a collection of Sertoli cells by analyzing the unique morphological characteristic with satellite karyosomes and determining the protein expression of two markers (androgen-binding protein, ABP; Fas ligand, FASL) of Sertoli cells. Then ST cells were further confirmed to be immature Sertoli cells by examining the expression of three markers (anti-Mullerian hormone, AMH; keratin 18, KRT18; follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, FSHR). In conclusion, ST cells are a collection of immature Sertoli cells which can be good experimental materials for the researches involved in Sertoli cell functions and maturation, or even in boar reproductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huibin Song
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kaifeng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuanyan Xia
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fenge Li
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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830
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Kolijn K, van Leenders GJLH. Comparison of RNA extraction kits and histological stains for laser capture microdissected prostate tissue. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:17. [PMID: 26744212 PMCID: PMC4705748 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laser capture microdissection offers unique possibilities for the isolation of specific cell populations or histological structures. However, isolation of RNA from microdissected tissue is challenging due to degradation and minimal yield of RNA during laser capture microdissection (LCM). Our aim was to optimize the isolation of high-quality RNA from laser capture microdissected fresh frozen prostate tissue on the level of staining and RNA extraction. Results Cresyl violet and haematoxylin were compared as histological stains for LCM. While RNA quality was similar for cresyl violet (median RIN 7.4) and haematoxylin (median RIN 7.6), tissue morphology was more detailed with cresyl violet as compared to haematoxylin. RNA quality from the following kits was compared: RNeasy® Micro (median RIN 7.2), miRNeasy Mini (median RIN 6.6), Picopure® (median RIN 6.0), mirVana™ miRNA (median RIN 6.5) and RNAqueous®-Micro (median RIN 6.3). RNA quality from microdissected samples with either the RNeasy Micro or miRNeasy Mini kit, was comparable to RNA isolated directly from whole tissue slices (median RIN 7.5, p = 0.09). Isolated RNA from benign and prostate cancer microdissected tissue demonstrated that RNA quality can vary between regions from the same clinical sample. Additionally, RNA quality (r = 0.89), but not quantity (r = 0.69) could be precisely measured with the Agilent Bioanalyzer. Conclusions We demonstrate that staining with cresyl violet results in the isolation of high quality RNA from laser capture microdissected tissue with high discriminative morphology. The RNeasy Micro and miRNeasy Mini RNA extraction kits generated the highest quality RNA compared to Picopure, mirVana and RNAqueous with minimal loss of RNA quality during LCM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1813-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Kolijn
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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831
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Ho YJ, Chang YC, Yeh CK. Improving Nanoparticle Penetration in Tumors by Vascular Disruption with Acoustic Droplet Vaporization. Theranostics 2016; 6:392-403. [PMID: 26909113 PMCID: PMC4737725 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug penetration influences the efficacy of tumor therapy. Although the leaky vessels of tumors can improve the penetration of nanodrugs via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, various aspects of the tumor microenvironment still restrict this process. This study investigated whether vascular disruption using the acoustic vaporization of micro- or nanoscale droplets (MDs or NDs) induced by ultrasound sonication can overcome the limitations of the EPR effect to allow drug diffusion into extensive regions. The intravital penetration of DiI-labeled liposomes (as a drug model with red fluorescence) was observed using an acousto-optical integrated system comprising a 2-MHz focused ultrasound transducer (transmitting a three-cycle single pulse and a peak negative pressure of 10 MPa) in a window-chamber mouse model. Histology images of the solid tumor were also used to quantify and demonstrate the locations where DiI-labeled liposomes accumulated. In the intravital image analyses, the cumulative diffusion area and fluorescence intensity at 180 min were 0.08±0.01 mm(2) (mean±standard deviation) and 8.5±0.4%, respectively, in the EPR group, 0.33±0.01 mm(2) and 13.1±0.4% in the MD group (p<0.01), and 0.63±0.01 mm(2) and 18.9±1.1% in the ND group (p<0.01). The intratumoral accumulations of DiI-labeled liposomes were 1.7- and 2.3-fold higher in the MD and ND groups, respectively, than in the EPR group. These results demonstrate that vascular disruption induced by acoustic droplet vaporization can improve drug penetration more than utilizing the EPR effect. The NDs showed longer lifetime in vivo than MDs and provided potential abilities of long periods of treatment, intertissue ND vaporization, and intertissue NDs-converted bubble cavitation to improve the drug penetration and transport distance.
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832
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Yi Q, Cao Y, Liu OS, Lu YQ, Wang JS, Wang SL, Yao R, Fan ZP. Spatial and temporal expression of histone demethylase, Kdm2a, during murine molar development. Biotech Histochem 2015; 91:137-44. [PMID: 26720400 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase, lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2A (Kdm2a), is highly conserved and expressed ubiquitously. Kdm2a can regulate cell proliferation and osteo/dentinogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental tissue. We used quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry to detect Kdm2a expression during development of the murine molar at embryonic days E12, E14, E16 and E17 and postnatal days P3 and P14. Immunohistochemistry results showed no positive staining of Kdm2a at E12. At E14, Kdm2a was expressed weakly in the inner enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum cells and dental sac. At E16, Kdm2a was expressed mainly in the inner and outer enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium and dental sac, but weaker staining was found in cervical loop and dental papilla cells adjacent to the basement membrane. At E17, the strongest Kdm2a staining was detected in the ameloblasts and stronger Kdm2a staining also was detected in the stratum intermedium, outer enamel epithelium and dental papilla cells compared to the expression at E16. Postnatally, we found that Kdm2a was localized in secretory and mature ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and dentin was unstained. Real-time RT-PCR showed that Kdm2a mRNA levels in murine germ cells increased from E12 to E14 and from E14 to E16; no significant change occurred at E16, E17 or P3, then the levels decreased at P14 compared to P3. Kdm2a expression may be closely related to cell proliferation, to ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation and to the secretion of extracellular enamel and dentin during murine tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yi
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,d Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,e School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Y Cao
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,f Department of General Dentistry , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - O S Liu
- d Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,e School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Y Q Lu
- d Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,e School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - J S Wang
- b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - S L Wang
- b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - R Yao
- g Department of Pediatrics , Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Z P Fan
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
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833
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Zemke M, Draganova K, Klug A, Schöler A, Zurkirchen L, Gay MHP, Cheng P, Koseki H, Valenta T, Schübeler D, Basler K, Sommer L. Loss of Ezh2 promotes a midbrain-to-forebrain identity switch by direct gene derepression and Wnt-dependent regulation. BMC Biol 2015; 13:103. [PMID: 26621269 PMCID: PMC4665911 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression is essential for the establishment of correct cell numbers and identities during brain development. This process involves epigenetic control mechanisms, such as those mediated by the polycomb group protein Ezh2, which catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3K27 (H3K27me3) and thereby represses gene expression. RESULTS Herein, we show that Ezh2 plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the midbrain. Conditional deletion of Ezh2 in the developing midbrain resulted in decreased neural progenitor proliferation, which is associated with derepression of cell cycle inhibitors and negative regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Of note, Ezh2 ablation also promoted ectopic expression of a forebrain transcriptional program involving derepression of the forebrain determinants Foxg1 and Pax6. This was accompanied by reduced expression of midbrain markers, including Pax3 and Pax7, as a consequence of decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSION Ezh2 is required for appropriate brain growth and maintenance of regional identity by H3K27me3-mediated gene repression and control of canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zemke
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Kalina Draganova
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Annika Klug
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Schöler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Luis Zurkirchen
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Dirk Schübeler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Sommer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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834
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Erythropoietin reduces acute lung injury and multiple organ failure/dysfunction associated to a scald-burn inflammatory injury in the rat. Inflammation 2015; 38:312-26. [PMID: 25270658 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an endogenous regulator of erythropoiesis and is given exogenously as a replacement therapy for selected red blood cell disorders. In the past years, EPO has been emerging as a multifunctional, cytoprotective cytokine with anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. We aimed to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of rhEPO (recombinant human EPO) treatment on a rat model of multiorgan dysfunction induced by thermal injury. rhEPO was administered at 1000 U/kg (i.v.) 5 min prior to induction of injury and significantly reduced multiorgan dysfunction markers (liver, kidney, lung, serum cytokine levels). In the lung, rhEPO reduced: histological signs of tissue injury, inflammatory/injury markers on the bronchoalveolar fluid, neutrophil chemotaxis/infiltration, GSK-3β activation, and apoptosis. Our study showed that erythropoietin has the potential to exhibit pleiotropic cytoprotective effects and that it might be an interesting pharmacological strategy in the modulation of acute lung injury, such as the one associated to severe burn.
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835
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Wilson KS, Baily J, Tucker CS, Matrone G, Vass S, Moran C, Chapman KE, Mullins JJ, Kenyon C, Hadoke PWF, Denvir MA. Early-life perturbations in glucocorticoid activity impacts on the structure, function and molecular composition of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) heart. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 414. [PMID: 26219824 PMCID: PMC4562295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient early-life perturbations in glucocorticoids (GC) are linked with cardiovascular disease risk in later life. Here the impact of early life manipulations of GC on adult heart structure, function and gene expression were assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS Zebrafish embryos were incubated in dexamethasone (Dex) or injected with targeted glucocorticoid receptor (GR) morpholino knockdown (GR Mo) over the first 120 h post fertilisation (hpf); surviving embryos (>90%) were maintained until adulthood under normal conditions. Cardiac function, heart histology and cardiac genes were assessed in embryonic (120 hpf) and adult (120 days post fertilisation (dpf)) hearts. GR Mo embryos (120 hpf) had smaller hearts with fewer cardiomyocytes, less mature striation pattern, reduced cardiac function and reduced levels of vmhc and igf mRNA compared with controls. GR Mo adult hearts were smaller with diminished trabecular network pattern, reduced expression of vmhc and altered echocardiographic Doppler flow compared to controls. Dex embryos had larger hearts at 120 hpf (Dex 107.2 ± 3.1 vs. controls 90.2 ± 1.1 μm, p < 0.001) with a more mature trabecular network and larger cardiomyocytes (1.62 ± 0.13 cells/μm vs control 2.18 ± 0.13 cells/μm, p < 0.05) and enhanced cardiac performance compared to controls. Adult hearts were larger (1.02 ± 0.07 μg/mg vs controls 0.63 ± 0.06 μg/mg, p = 0.0007), had increased vmhc and gr mRNA levels. CONCLUSION Perturbations in GR activity during embryonic development results in short and long-term alterations in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Wilson
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - J Baily
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - C S Tucker
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - G Matrone
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - S Vass
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - C Moran
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - K E Chapman
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - J J Mullins
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - C Kenyon
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - P W F Hadoke
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - M A Denvir
- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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836
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McAfee MS, Huynh TP, Johnson JL, Jacobs BL, Blattman JN. Interaction between unrelated viruses during in vivo co-infection to limit pathology and immunity. Virology 2015; 484:153-162. [PMID: 26099694 PMCID: PMC4567517 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in understanding immunity to viral infection. However, infection can occur in the context of co-infection by unrelated pathogens that modulate immune responses and/or disease. We have studied immunity and disease during co-infection with two unrelated viruses: Ectromelia virus (ECTV) and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). ECTV infection can be a lethal in mice due in part to the blockade of Type I Interferons (IFN-I). We show that ECTV/LCMV co-infection results in decreased ECTV viral load and amelioration of ECTV-induced disease, likely due to IFN-I induction by LCMV, as rescue is not observed in IFN-I receptor deficient mice. However, immune responses to LCMV in ECTV co-infected mice were also lower compared to mice infected with LCMV alone and potentially biased toward effector-memory cell generation. Thus, we provide evidence for bi-directional effects of viral co-infection that modulate disease and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S McAfee
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Trung P Huynh
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - John L Johnson
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Bertram L Jacobs
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph N Blattman
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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837
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Jiao D, Wong CK, Qiu HN, Dong J, Cai Z, Chu M, Hon KL, Tsang MSM, Lam CWK. NOD2 and TLR2 ligands trigger the activation of basophils and eosinophils by interacting with dermal fibroblasts in atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:535-50. [PMID: 26388234 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) has a unique predisposition for colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which contributes to the inflammation and grim prognosis of AD. Although the mechanism underlying the S. aureus-induced exacerbation of AD remains unclear, recent studies have found a pivotal role for pattern recognition receptors in regulating the inflammatory responses in S. aureus infection. In the present study, we used a typical mouse model of AD-like skin inflammation and found that S. aureus-associated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligands exacerbated AD-like symptoms, which were further deteriorated by the in vivo expansion of basophils and eosinophils. Subsequent histological analyses revealed that dermal fibroblasts were pervasive in the AD-like skin lesions. Co-culture of human dermal fibroblasts with basophils and eosinophils resulted in a vigorous cytokine/chemokine response to the NOD2/TLR2 ligands and the enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the dermal fibroblasts. Basophils and eosinophils were primarily responsible for the AD-related cytokine/chemokine expression in the co-cultures. Direct intercellular contact was necessary for the crosstalk between basophils and dermal fibroblasts, while soluble mediators were sufficient to mediate the eosinophil-fibroblast interactions. Moreover, the intracellular p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways were essential for NOD2/TLR2 ligand-mediated activation of basophils, eosinophils, and dermal fibroblasts in AD-related inflammation. This study provides the evidence of NOD2/TLR2-mediated exacerbation of AD through activation of innate immune cells and therefore sheds light on a novel mechanistic pathway by which S. aureus contributes to the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Jiao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huai-Na Qiu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Cai
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
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838
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Browne G, Taipaleenmäki H, Bishop NM, Madasu SC, Shaw LM, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. Runx1 is associated with breast cancer progression in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice and its depletion in vitro inhibits migration and invasion. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2522-32. [PMID: 25802202 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Runx1 is a transcription factor essential for definitive hematopoiesis, and genetic abnormalities in Runx1 cause leukemia. Runx1 is functionally promiscuous and acts as either an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in certain epithelial cancers. Recent evidence suggests that Runx1 is an important factor in breast cancer, however, its role remains ambiguous. Here, we addressed whether Runx1 has a specific pathological role during breast cancer progression and show that Runx1 has an oncogenic function. We observed elevated Runx1 expression in a subset of human breast cancers. Furthermore, throughout the course of disease progression in a classical mouse model of breast cancer (i.e., the MMTV-PyMT transgenic model), Runx1 expression increases in the primary site (mammary gland) and is further upregulated in tumors and distal lung metastatic lesions. Ex vivo studies using tumor epithelial cells derived from these mice express significantly higher levels of Runx1 than normal mammary epithelial cells. The tumor cells exhibit increased rates of migration and invasion, indicative of an aggressive cancer phenotype. Inhibition of Runx1 expression using RNA interference significantly abrogates these cancer-relevant phenotypic characteristics. Importantly, our data establish that Runx1 contributes to murine mammary tumor development and malignancy and potentially represents a key disease-promoting and prognostic factor in human breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole M Bishop
- Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sharath C Madasu
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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839
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KASOJU N, KUBIES D, FÁBRYOVÁ E, KŘÍŽ J, KUMOREK MM, STICOVÁ E, RYPÁČEK F. In Vivo Vascularization of Anisotropic Channeled Porous Polylactide-Based Capsules for Islet Transplantation: The Effects of Scaffold Architecture and Implantation Site. Physiol Res 2015; 64:S75-84. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of pancreatic islets for the possible treatment of type 1 diabetes is limited by the extremely high oxygen demand of the islets. To this end, here we hypothesize to create a novel extra-hepatic highly-vascularized bioartificial cavity using a porous scaffold as a template and using the host body as a living bioreactor for subsequent islet transplantation. Polylactide-based capsular-shaped anisotropic channeled porous scaffolds were prepared by following the unidirectional thermally-induced phase separation technique, and were implanted under the skin and in the greater omentum of Brown Norway rats. Polyamide mesh-based isotropic regular porous capsules were used as the controls. After 4weeks, the implants were excised and analyzed by histology. The hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Masson's trichrome staining, revealed a) low or no infiltration of giant inflammatory cells in the implant, b) minor but insignificant fibrosis around the implant, c) guided infiltration of host cells in the test capsule in contrast to random cell infiltration in the control capsule, and d) relatively superior cell infiltration in the capsules implanted in the greater omentum than in the capsules implanted under the skin. Furthermore, the anti-CD31 immunohistochemistry staining revealed numerous vessels at the implant site, but mostly on the external surface of the capsules. Taken together, the current study, the first of its kind, is a significant step-forward towards engineering a bioartificial microenvironment for the transplantation of islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. KASOJU
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Polymer Systems, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. KUBIES
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Polymer Systems, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - J. KŘÍŽ
- Department of Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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840
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Yeap SK, Abu N, Mohamad NE, Beh BK, Ho WY, Ebrahimi S, Yusof HM, Ky H, Tan SW, Alitheen NB. Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:306. [PMID: 26335427 PMCID: PMC4559205 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in western countries. Meanwhile, the lower incidence in Asian countries could be attributed to the heavy incorporation of green leaves vegetables or spices in their diets. Murraya koenigii (MK) or often times known as curry leaves are common spice used mostly in tropical countries. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of MK aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice were evaluated. METHODS Herein, cytotoxic activity of MK was first tested on 4T1 cells in vitroby MTT assay. Then, in vivo chemopreventive study was conducted where mice were fed with extracts prior to and after inducing the tumor (inoculation). Tumor size was monitored post-4T1 inoculation. At the end of experiment, histopathology of tumor sections, T cell immunophenotyping, tumor nitric oxide level, serum cytokine level and qPCR analysis on expression of iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC were performed. RESULTS MK reduced the tumors' size and lung metastasis aside from inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, it decreased the level of nitric oxide and inflammation-related cytokines and genes, including iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC. CONCLUSION The results propose that, MK managed to inhibit the progression of tumor via immunostimulatory effect and inflammatory reaction within the tumor samples. This suggests that MKconsumption could be a savior in the search of new chemopreventive agents.
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841
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Mai V, Ukhanova M, Reinhard MK, Li M, Sulakvelidze A. Bacteriophage administration significantly reduces Shigella colonization and shedding by Shigella-challenged mice without deleterious side effects and distortions in the gut microbiota. BACTERIOPHAGE 2015; 5:e1088124. [PMID: 26909243 PMCID: PMC4745833 DOI: 10.1080/21597081.2015.1088124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We used a mouse model to establish safety and efficacy of a bacteriophage cocktail, ShigActive™, in reducing fecal Shigella counts after oral challenge with a susceptible strain. Groups of inbred C57BL/6J mice challenged with Shigella sonnei strain S43-NalAcR were treated with a phage cocktail (ShigActive™) composed of 5 lytic Shigella bacteriophages and ampicillin. The treatments were administered (i) 1 h after, (ii) 3 h after, (iii) 1 h before and after, and (iv) 1 h before bacterial challenge. The treatment regimens elicited a 10- to 100-fold reduction in the CFU's of the challenge strain in fecal and cecum specimens compared to untreated control mice, (P < 0.05). ShigActiveTM treatment was at least as effective as treatment with ampicillin but had a significantly less impact on the gut microbiota. Long-term safety studies did not identify any side effects or distortions in overall gut microbiota associated with bacteriophage administration. Shigella phages may be therapeutically effective in a “classical phage therapy” approach, at least during the early stages after Shigella ingestion. Oral prophylactic “phagebiotic” administration of lytic bacteriophages may help to maintain a healthy gut microbiota by killing specifically targeted bacterial pathogens in the GI tract, without deleterious side effects and without altering the normal gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Mai
- Department of Epidemiology and Emerging Pathogens Institute; University of Florida ; Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Maria Ukhanova
- Department of Epidemiology and Emerging Pathogens Institute; University of Florida ; Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Mary K Reinhard
- Department of Pathology; University of Florida ; Gainesville, FL USA
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842
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Jiang J, Carlson MA, Teusink MJ, Wang H, MacEwan MR, Xie J. Expanding Two-Dimensional Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes in the Third Dimension By a Modified Gas-Foaming Technique. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:991-1001. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew R. MacEwan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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843
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Ming H, Lan Y, He F, Xiao X, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Li P, Huang G. Cytochrome b5 reductase 2 suppresses tumor formation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by attenuating angiogenesis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:459-67. [PMID: 26275421 PMCID: PMC4593386 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Cytochrome b5 reductase 2 (CYB5R2) is a potential tumor suppressor that inhibits cell proliferation and motility in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Inactivation of CYB5R2 is associated with lymph node metastasis in NPC. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms contributing to the anti-neoplastic effects of CYB5R2. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to analyze the transcription of 84 genes known to be involved in representative cancer pathways in the NPC cell line HONE1. NPC cell lines CNE2 and HONE1 were transiently transfected with CYB5R2, and data was validated by real-time PCR. A chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) embryo model was implanted with CYB5R2-expressing CNE2 and HONE1 cells to evaluate the effect of CYB5R2 on angiogenesis. An immunohistochemical assay of the CAM model was used to analyze the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results In CYB5R2-transfected NPC cells, PCR assays revealed up-regulated mRNA levels of Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), integrin beta 3 (ITGB3), metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1), interferon beta 1 (IFNB1), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) and down-regulated levels of integrin beta 5 (ITGB5), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), TEK tyrosine kinase (TEK), transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1), and VEGF. The angiogenesis in the CAM model implanted with CYB5R2-transfected NPC cells was inhibited. Down-regulation of VEGF by CYB5R2 in NPC cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining in the CAM model. Conclusion CYB5R2 up-regulates the expression of genes that negatively modulate angiogenesis in NPC cells and down-regulates the expression of VEGF to reduce angiogenesis, thereby suppressing tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Ming
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Feng He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Medical Research Centre, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
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844
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Hedberg-Buenz A, Christopher MA, Lewis CJ, Meyer KJ, Rudd DS, Dutca LM, Wang K, Garvin MK, Scheetz TE, Abràmoff MD, Harper MM, Anderson MG. RetFM-J, an ImageJ-based module for automated counting and quantifying features of nuclei in retinal whole-mounts. Exp Eye Res 2015; 146:386-392. [PMID: 26283021 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present article introduces RetFM-J, a semi-automated ImageJ-based module that detects, counts, and collects quantitative data on nuclei of the inner retina from H&E-stained whole-mounted retinas. To illustrate performance, computer-derived outputs were analyzed in inbred C57BL/6J mice. Automated characterization yielded computer-derived outputs that closely matched manual counts. As a method using open-source software that is freely available, inexpensive staining reagents that are robust, and imaging equipment that is routine to most laboratories, RetFM-J could be utilized in a wide variety of experiments benefiting from high-throughput, quantitative, uniform analyses of total cellularity in the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hedberg-Buenz
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark A Christopher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Carly J Lewis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kacie J Meyer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Danielle S Rudd
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Laura M Dutca
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mona K Garvin
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Todd E Scheetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael D Abràmoff
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew M Harper
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael G Anderson
- VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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845
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Mazzilli SA, Hershberger PA, Reid ME, Bogner PN, Atwood K, Trump DL, Johnson CS. Vitamin D Repletion Reduces the Progression of Premalignant Squamous Lesions in the NTCU Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:895-904. [PMID: 26276745 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemopreventive actions of vitamin D were examined in the N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU) mouse model, a progressive model of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SWR/J mice were fed a deficient diet (D) containing no vitamin D3, a sufficient diet (S) containing 2,000 IU/kg vitamin D3, or the same diets in combination with the active metabolite of vitamin D, calcitriol (C; 80 μg/kg, weekly). The percentage (%) of the mucosal surface of large airways occupied by dysplastic lesions was determined in mice after treatment with a total dose of 15 or 25 μmol NTCU (N). After treatment with 15 μmol NTCU, the percentages of the surface of large airways containing high-grade dysplastic (HGD) lesions were vitamin D-deficient + NTCU (DN), 22.7% [P < 0.05 compared with vitamin D-sufficient +NTCU (SN)]; DN + C, 12.3%; SN, 8.7%; and SN + C, 6.6%. The extent of HGD increased with NTCU dose in the DN group. Proliferation, assessed by Ki-67 labeling, increased upon NTCU treatment. The highest Ki-67 labeling index was seen in the DN group. As compared with SN mice, DN mice exhibited a three-fold increase (P < 0.005) in circulating white blood cells (WBC), a 20% (P < 0.05) increase in IL6 levels, and a four-fold (P < 0.005) increase in WBC in bronchial lavages. Thus, vitamin D repletion reduces the progression of premalignant lesions, proliferation, and inflammation, and may thereby suppress development of lung SCC. Further investigations of the chemopreventive effects of vitamin D in lung SCC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Pamela A Hershberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul N Bogner
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kristopher Atwood
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo New York
| | | | - Candace S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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846
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Li N, Parrish M, Chan TK, Yin L, Rai P, Yoshiyuki Y, Abolhassani N, Tan KB, Kiraly O, Chow VTK, Engelward BP. Influenza infection induces host DNA damage and dynamic DNA damage responses during tissue regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2973-88. [PMID: 25809161 PMCID: PMC4802977 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses account for significant morbidity worldwide. Inflammatory responses, including excessive generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), mediate lung injury in severe influenza infections. However, the molecular basis of inflammation-induced lung damage is not fully understood. Here, we studied influenza H1N1 infected cells in vitro, as well as H1N1 infected mice, and we monitored molecular and cellular responses over the course of 2 weeks in vivo. We show that influenza induces DNA damage to both, when cells are directly exposed to virus in vitro (measured using the comet assay) and also when cells are exposed to virus in vivo (estimated via γH2AX foci). We show that DNA damage, as well as responses to DNA damage persist in vivo until long after virus has been cleared, at times when there are inflammation associated RONS (measured by xanthine oxidase activity and oxidative products). The frequency of lung epithelial and immune cells with increased γH2AX foci is elevated in vivo, especially for dividing cells (Ki-67-positive) exposed to oxidative stress during tissue regeneration. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in apoptotic cells as well as increased levels of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair proteins Ku70, Ku86 and Rad51 during the regenerative phase. In conclusion, results show that influenza induces DNA damage both in vitro and in vivo, and that DNA damage responses are activated, raising the possibility that DNA repair capacity may be a determining factor for tissue recovery and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Marcus Parrish
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 16-743, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Tze Khee Chan
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Clinical Research Center, MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Level 5, #05-09, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Lu Yin
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Prashant Rai
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Yamada Yoshiyuki
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Nona Abolhassani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 16-743, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Kong Bing Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
| | - Orsolya Kiraly
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Vincent T. K. Chow
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Bevin P. Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 16-743, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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847
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Tong X, He S, Chen J, Hu H, Xiang Z, Lu C, Dai F. A novel laminin β gene BmLanB1-w regulates wing-specific cell adhesion in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212529 PMCID: PMC4515764 DOI: 10.1038/srep12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminins are important basement membrane (BM) components with crucial roles in development. The numbers of laminin isoforms in various organisms are determined by the composition of the different α, β, and γ chains, and their coding genes, which are variable across spieces. In insects, only two α, one β, and one γ chains have been identified thus far. Here, we isolated a novel laminin β gene, BmLanB1-w, by positional cloning of the mutant (crayfish, cf) with blistered wings in silkworm. Gene structure analysis showed that a 2 bp deletion of the BmLanB1-w gene in the cf mutant caused a frame-shift in the open reading frame (ORF) and generated a premature stop codon. Knockdown of the BmLanB1-w gene produced individuals exhibiting blistered wings, indicating that this laminin gene was required for cell adhesion during wing development. We also identified laminin homologs in different species and showed that two copies of β laminin likely originated in Lepidoptera during evolution. Furthermore, phylogenetic and gene expression analyses of silkworm laminin genes revealed that the BmLanB1-w gene is newly evolved, and is required for wing-specific cell adhesion. This is the first report showing the tissue specific distribution and functional differentiation of β laminin in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Songzhen He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
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848
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Li T, Wang YN, Khokhlova TD, D'Andrea S, Starr F, Chen H, McCune JS, Risler LJ, Mashadi-Hossein A, Hingorani SR, Chang A, Hwang JH. Pulsed High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Enhances Delivery of Doxorubicin in a Preclinical Model of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26216548 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by extensive stromal desmoplasia, which decreases blood perfusion and impedes chemotherapy delivery. Breaking the stromal barrier could both increase perfusion and permeabilize the tumor, enhancing chemotherapy penetration. Mechanical disruption of the stroma can be achieved using ultrasound-induced bubble activity-cavitation. Cavitation is also known to result in microstreaming and could have the added benefit of actively enhancing diffusion into the tumors. Here, we report the ability to enhance chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin penetration using ultrasound-induced cavitation in a genetically engineered mouse model (KPC mouse) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. To induce localized inertial cavitation in pancreatic tumors, pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU) was used either during or before doxorubicin administration to elucidate the mechanisms of enhanced drug delivery (active vs. passive drug diffusion). For both types, the pHIFU exposures that were associated with high cavitation activity resulted in disruption of the highly fibrotic stromal matrix and enhanced the normalized doxorubicin concentration by up to 4.5-fold compared with controls. Furthermore, normalized doxorubicin concentration was associated with the cavitation metrics (P < 0.01), indicating that high and sustained cavitation results in increased chemotherapy penetration. No significant difference between the outcomes of the two types, that is, doxorubicin infusion during or after pHIFU treatment, was observed, suggesting that passive diffusion into previously permeabilized tissue is the major mechanism for the increase in drug concentration. Together, the data indicate that pHIFU treatment of pancreatic tumors when resulting in high and sustained cavitation can efficiently enhance chemotherapy delivery to pancreatic tumors. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yak-Nam Wang
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tatiana D Khokhlova
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Samantha D'Andrea
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Frank Starr
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeannine S McCune
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Linda J Risler
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Joo Ha Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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849
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Go YM, Sutliff RL, Chandler JD, Khalidur R, Kang BY, Anania FA, Orr M, Hao L, Fowler BA, Jones DP. Low-Dose Cadmium Causes Metabolic and Genetic Dysregulation Associated With Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:524-34. [PMID: 26187450 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is present in food at low levels and accumulates in humans throughout life because it is not effectively excreted. Cd from smoking or occupational exposure shows adverse effects on health, but the mechanistic effect of Cd at low dietary intake levels is poorly studied. Epidemiology studies found that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), common in U.S. adults, is associated with Cd burden. In cell studies, we found that environmental low-dose Cd oxidized proteins and stimulated inflammatory signaling. However, little is known about low-dose Cd effects on liver function and associated metabolic pathways in vivo. We investigated effects of low-level Cd exposure on liver gene transcripts, metabolites, and associated metabolic pathways and function after challenging mice with Cd (10 mg/l) by drinking water. Results showed liver Cd in treated mice was similar to adult humans without occupational or smoking exposures and 10-fold higher than control mouse values. Pathway analysis of significantly altered liver genes and metabolites mapped to functional pathways of lipid metabolism, cell death and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These are well-recognized pathways associated with NAFLD. Cd-treated mice had higher liver enzymes in plasma and a trend toward fat accumulation in liver. To verify low-dose Cd-induced stimulation of cell death pathways, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was examined in cultured hepatic cells. Consistent with mouse liver data, low-dose Cd stimulated JNK activation. Together, the results show that low-dose Cd exposure causes liver function changes consistent with a role in NAFLD and possibly also nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- *Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- *Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | - Rahman Khalidur
- Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Bum-Yong Kang
- *Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Frank A Anania
- Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Michael Orr
- *Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Li Hao
- *Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Bruce A Fowler
- *Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Dean P Jones
- *Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
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850
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Mushtaq S, Ali T, Javed Q, Tabassum S, Murtaza I. N-Acetyl Cysteine Inhibits Endothelin-1-Induced ROS Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy through Superoxide Dismutase Regulation. CELL JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26199914 PMCID: PMC4503849 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Oxidative stress down regulates antioxidant enzymes including superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. N-Acetyl
cysteine (NAC) can enhance the SOD activity, so the aim of this study is to highlight the
inhibitory role of NAC against endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study at QAU from January, 2013 to March,
2013. ET-1 (50 µg/kg) and NAC (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally to 6-day old neonatal
rats in combination or alone. All rats were sacrificed 15 days after the final injection. Histological analysis was carried out to observe the effects caused by both drugs. Reactive oxygen
species (ROS) analysis and SOD assay were also carried out. Expression level of hyper-
trophic marker, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), was detected by western blotting.
Results Our findings showed that ET-1-induced cardiac hypertrophy leading towards
heart failure was due to the imbalance of different parameters including free radical-induced oxidative stress and antioxidative enzymes such as SOD. Furthermore NAC acted
as an antioxidant and played inhibitory role against ROS-dependent hypertrophy via regulatory role of SOD as a result of oxidative response associated with hypertrophy.
Conclusion ET-1-induced hypertrophic response is associated with increased ROS production and decreased SOD level, while NAC plays a role against free radicals-induced
oxidative stress via SOD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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