851
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Brand S, Kirov R, Kalak N, Gerber M, Pühse U, Lemola S, Correll CU, Cortese S, Meyer T, Holsboer-Trachsler E. Perfectionism related to self-reported insomnia severity, but not when controlled for stress and emotion regulation. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:263-71. [PMID: 25678791 PMCID: PMC4322891 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s74905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfectionism is understood as a set of personality traits such as unrealistically high and rigid standards for performance, fear of failure, and excessive self-criticism. Previous studies showed a direct association between increased perfectionism and poor sleep, though without taking into account possible mediating factors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that perfectionism was directly associated with poor sleep, and that this association collapsed, if mediating factors such as stress and poor emotion regulation were taken into account. METHODS Three hundred and forty six young adult students (M=23.87 years) completed questionnaires relating to perfectionism traits, sleep, and psychological functioning such as stress perception, coping with stress, emotion regulation, and mental toughness. RESULTS Perfectionism was directly associated with poor sleep and poor psychological functioning. When stress, poor coping, and poor emotion regulation were entered in the equation, perfectionism traits no longer contributed substantively to the explanation of poor sleep. CONCLUSION Though perfectionism traits seem associated with poor sleep, the direct role of such traits seemed small, when mediating factors such as stress perception and emotion regulation were taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Brand
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland ; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roumen Kirov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadeem Kalak
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Division of Psychiatric Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, Zucker Hillside Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Cortese
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK ; Centre for ADHD and Neuro-developmental Disorders Across Lifespan, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK ; New York University Child Study Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Till Meyer
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland
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852
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Moran LJ, March WA, Whitrow MJ, Giles LC, Davies MJ, Moore VM. Sleep disturbances in a community-based sample of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2014; 30:466-72. [PMID: 25432918 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an excess of sleep disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a community-based sample? STUDY ANSWER Sleep disturbances are almost twice as common in women with PCOS compared with women of similar age without PCOS, with the association slightly accounted for by body weight and, to a greater extent, by depressive symptoms. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is an excess of sleep-disordered breathing in clinical samples of women with PCOS, after accounting for their profile of body weight. Poor sleep patterns increase insulin resistance and thus may exacerbate PCOS symptoms and longer-term risk of metabolic disease. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A cross-sectional study of 724 women, comprising 74% of a cohort study established retrospectively when women were around age 30 years. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Comparisons were made between 87 women with PCOS, diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria, and 637 women without this diagnosis in Adelaide, South Australia. Differences in sleep disturbances, assessed using a modified version of the Jenkins questionnaire, were investigated using ordered logistic regression. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Sleep disturbances were twice as common in women with PCOS compared with those without. Specifically, PCOS was associated with increasing occurrence of difficulty falling asleep (odds ratio (OR) 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.95); this association was attenuated but still statistically significant after accounting for BMI and depressive symptoms. Increasing occurrence of difficulty maintaining sleep (OR 1.92 95% CI 1.12-3.31) was mediated by obesity and depressive symptoms, together. Other factors did not change these findings. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The cross-sectional nature of the study means that the direction of associations between PCOS and sleep disturbances is unclear, although bi-directionality for the mediators is likely based on data in the wider literature. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results indicate that assessment and management of both sleep and mental health problems in women with PCOS should be undertaken. Longitudinal data would be valuable to see how poor sleep affects longer-term health profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Moran
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - W A March
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M J Whitrow
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - L C Giles
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M J Davies
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - V M Moore
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia The Fay Gale Centre for Research on Gender, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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853
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Sleep in infancy and childhood: implications for emotional and behavioral difficulties in adolescence and beyond. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2014; 27:453-9. [PMID: 25247458 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extensive scientific efforts have been made in an attempt to identify early markers of behavioral and emotional problems. In this context, sleep has received considerable research attention, as it appears to be closely linked to developmental psychopathology. The present review synthesizes some of the most recent findings regarding the concurrent and longitudinal associations between psychopathology and behavioral manifestations of sleep in childhood and adolescence. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence suggests that compromised sleep is associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, sleep problems have been shown to predict the development of various emotional and behavioral problems, including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, risk-taking and aggression. Yet, inconsistencies are apparent, particularly among findings that are based on objective sleep measurement. SUMMARY Taken together, most recent findings suggest that poor sleep in childhood and adolescence constitutes a risk factor for psychopathological symptoms. Accordingly, the importance of early detection and intervention should be a primary goal in clinical settings. In the research domain, the underlying mechanism of these associations should receive future research attention, in an attempt to broaden the understanding of the relationship between sleep and psychopathology.
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854
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Lopez-Jornet P, Lucero-Berdugo M, Castillo-Felipe C, Zamora Lavella C, Ferrandez-Pujante A, Pons-Fuster A. Assessment of self-reported sleep disturbance and psychological status in patients with burning mouth syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:1285-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Lopez-Jornet
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Oral Medicine; Ageing Research Institute; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - M. Lucero-Berdugo
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Oral Medicine; Ageing Research Institute; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - C. Castillo-Felipe
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Oral Medicine; Ageing Research Institute; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - C. Zamora Lavella
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Oral Medicine; Ageing Research Institute; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - A. Ferrandez-Pujante
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Oral Medicine; Ageing Research Institute; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - A. Pons-Fuster
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Oral Medicine; Ageing Research Institute; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
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855
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Kouros CD, El-Sheikh M. Daily mood and sleep: reciprocal relations and links with adjustment problems. J Sleep Res 2014; 24:24-31. [PMID: 25212526 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Children's sleep problems are common and associated with increased risk for adjustment problems. We examined daily links between children's sleep and mood, using a daily diary method and actigraphy. We also tested children's daily mood as a mediator of relations among sleep and children's broader internalizing and externalizing symptoms. A community sample of 142 children (mean age = 10.69 years; 57% girls; 69% European American, 31% African American) and their parents participated. For 1 week, children wore actigraphs and parents completed a daily telephone interview about their child's mood. Following the week of actigraphy, mothers and fathers reported on their child's adjustment. Multi-level models indicated within-person relations between children's mood and subsequent sleep fragmentation (indicated by increased activity) and sleep latency, and between-person relations between sleep latency and subsequent mood on the next day. Significant indirect effects were found such that a more negative daily mood (aggregated across diary days) mediated relations between poor sleep efficiency and longer sleep latency and parent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Findings extend previous research by highlighting disruptions to children's daily mood as a potential mechanism linking sleep problems to children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystyna D Kouros
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
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856
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Guyon A, Balbo M, Morselli LL, Tasali E, Leproult R, L'Hermite-Balériaux M, Van Cauter E, Spiegel K. Adverse effects of two nights of sleep restriction on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2861-8. [PMID: 24823456 PMCID: PMC4121029 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insufficient sleep is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may underlie this link. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the impact of restricted sleep on daytime profiles of ACTH and cortisol concentrations. METHODS Thirteen subjects participated in 2 laboratory sessions (2 nights of 10 hours in bed versus 2 nights of 4 hours in bed) in a randomized crossover design. Sleep was polygraphically recorded. After the second night of each session, blood was sampled at 20-minute intervals from 9:00 am to midnight to measure ACTH and total cortisol. Saliva was collected every 20 minutes from 2:00 pm to midnight to measure free cortisol. Perceived stress, hunger, and appetite were assessed at hourly intervals by validated scales. RESULTS Sleep restriction was associated with a 19% increase in overall ACTH levels (P < .03) that was correlated with the individual amount of sleep loss (rSp = 0.63, P < .02). Overall total cortisol levels were also elevated (+21%; P = .10). Pulse frequency was unchanged for both ACTH and cortisol. Morning levels of ACTH were higher after sleep restriction (P < .04) without concomitant elevation of cortisol. In contrast, evening ACTH levels were unchanged while total and free cortisol increased by, respectively, 30% (P < .03) and 200% (P < .04). Thus, the amplitude of the circadian cortisol decline was dampened by sleep restriction (-21%; P < .05). Sleep restriction was not associated with higher perceived stress but resulted in an increase in appetite that was correlated with the increase in total cortisol. CONCLUSION The impact of sleep loss on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity is dependent on time of day. Insufficient sleep dampens the circadian rhythm of cortisol, a major internal synchronizer of central and peripheral clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Unité Mixte de Recherche 1028 (A.G., K.S.), Integrated Physiology and Physiology of Brain Arousal Systems, 69008 Lyon, France; Endocrinologia e Malattie Metaboliche (M.B.), Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, 15100 Italy; Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (L.L.M., E.T., R.L., E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at the Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and the ULB Neuroscience Institute (R.L.), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050 Belgium and Faculté de Médecine (M.L.-B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1070 Belgium
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857
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Insomnia in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from project REACH. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22:3061-9. [PMID: 24935649 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insomnia is a common problem affecting cancer survivors even years after completion of therapy. Childhood cancer survivors may be at particular risk due to vulnerability to the effects of treatment and medical late effects which impact normal sleep development. Using an indicator of clinically significant insomnia (sleep efficiency), we examined a group of adult survivors of childhood cancer to (1) describe clinical insomnia rates, (2) identify physical and psychological correlates of insomnia, and (3) investigate the frequency with which sleep issues were evaluated during a cancer survivorship medical visit. METHODS A total of 122 adult survivors of childhood cancer completed standard measures of sleep, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life. Medical records of the 75 survivors with a survivorship medical visit on the day of self-report measure completion were reviewed for documentation of sleep-related issues. RESULTS Twenty-eight percent of participants endorsed sleep efficiency below 85 %, indicating clinically significant insomnia. Insomnia was associated with poor physical health and anxiety but not with demographic or cancer treatment variables. Medical providers failed to document sleep in visit notes for 67 % of patients with self-reported insomnia. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of adult survivors of childhood cancer report insomnia, which is associated with physical and psychological health. Few survivors with insomnia discuss this issue with oncology providers during survivorship care. There is a clear need to screen for insomnia in this population. Patients and providers should take greater responsibility for discussing sleep issues and seeking out proper treatment referrals when it is identified.
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858
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Vaz Fragoso CA, Miller ME, Fielding RA, King AC, Kritchevsky SB, McDermott MM, Myers V, Newman AB, Pahor M, Gill TM. Sleep-wake disturbances in sedentary community-dwelling elderly adults with functional limitations. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:1064-72. [PMID: 24889836 PMCID: PMC4057978 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate sleep-wake disturbances in sedentary community-dwelling elderly adults with functional limitations. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Lifestyle Interventions and Independence in Elder (LIFE) Study. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling persons (mean age 78.9) who spent fewer than 20 min/wk in the previous month engaged in regular physical activity and fewer than 125 min/wk of moderate physical activity, and had a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score of <10 (N = 1,635). MEASUREMENTS Mobility was evaluated according to 400-m walk time (slow gait speed defined as <0.8 m/s) and SPPB score (≤ 7 defined moderate to severe mobility impairment). Physical inactivity was defined according to sedentary time, as a percentage of accelerometry wear time with activity of <100 counts/min; participants in the top quartile of sedentary time were classified as having a high sedentary time. Sleep-wake disturbances were evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (range 0-28; ≥ 8 defined insomnia), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (range 0-24; ≥ 10 defined daytime drowsiness), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (range 0-21; >5 defined poor sleep quality), and Berlin Questionnaire (high risk of sleep apnea). RESULTS Prevalence rates were 43.5% for slow gait speed and 44.7% for moderate to severe mobility impairment, with 77.0% of accelerometry wear time spent as sedentary time. Prevalence rates were 33.0% for insomnia, 18.1% for daytime drowsiness, 47.8% for poor sleep quality, and 32.9% for high risk of sleep apnea. Participants with insomnia had a mean ISI score of 12.1, those with daytime drowsiness had a mean ESS score of 12.5, and those with poor sleep quality had a mean PSQI score of 9.2. In adjusted models, measures of mobility and physical inactivity were generally not associated with sleep-wake disturbances, using continuous or categorical variables. CONCLUSION In a large sample of sedentary community-dwelling elderly adults with functional limitations, sleep-wake disturbances were prevalent but only mildly severe and were generally not associated with mobility impairment or physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Vaz Fragoso
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, VA Connecticut, West Haven, CT
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael E. Miller
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Roger A. Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Abby C. King
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | - Valerie Myers
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; Klein Buendel, Inc., Golden, CO
| | - Anne B. Newman
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marco Pahor
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas M. Gill
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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859
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Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, Harris JK. The independent relationships between insomnia, depression, subtypes of anxiety, and chronotype during adolescence. Sleep Med 2014; 15:934-41. [PMID: 24958244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the independent effects of depression and subtypes of anxiety on insomnia, and vice versa, and the independent effect of chronotype on insomnia, depression, and subtypes of anxiety. METHODS In all, 318 South Australian high school students from grades 7-11 (age range, 12-18years; mean, 14.97±1.34) participated in this cross-sectional study. Validated self-report questionnaires were used to assess insomnia, depression, subtypes of anxiety, and chronotype. RESULTS After confounder variables were controlled, insomnia predicted depression and panic disorder (PD), whereas insomnia was predicted by depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), separation anxiety (SAD), and social phobia (SP) were not significantly related to insomnia. Eveningness predicted the models in which depression and PD predicted insomnia and vice versa. Eveningness also predicted the models in which insomnia was predicted by OCD, SAD, and SP. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia independently predicts depression and is predicted by depression and GAD, but not by other forms of anxiety. The independent prediction of insomnia on PD is unlikely to be clinically significant. Chronotype independently predicts and hence is a risk factor for insomnia and depression, but not subtypes of anxiety. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale K Alvaro
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Rachel M Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jodie K Harris
- Flinders University of South Australia, Centre for Treatment of Anxiety and Depression, SA Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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860
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Ornat L, Martínez-Dearth R, Chedraui P, Pérez-López FR. Assessment of subjective sleep disturbance and related factors during female mid-life with the Jenkins Sleep Scale. Maturitas 2014; 77:344-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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861
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