901
|
Renfrew AK, Bryce NS, Hambley T. Cobalt(III) Chaperone Complexes of Curcumin: Photoreduction, Cellular Accumulation and Light-Selective Toxicity towards Tumour Cells. Chemistry 2015; 21:15224-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
902
|
Malini K, Periyaraja S, Shanmugam P. Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of pyridine-2, 3, and 4-carboxaldehydes and N-methyl isatin with mono and diacrylates: synthesis of highly functionalized pyridine ligands and isatin derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
903
|
Gahr S, Mayr C, Kiesslich T, Illig R, Neureiter D, Alinger B, Ganslmayer M, Wissniowski T, Fazio PD, Montalbano R, Ficker JH, Ocker M, Quint K. The pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat affects angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma models via modulation of CTGF expression. Int J Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26202945 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of chromatin components are significantly involved in the regulation of tumor suppressor gene and oncogene expression. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an epigenetically regulated growth factor with functions in angiogenesis and cell-matrix interactions and plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pharmacologic inhibition of histone and protein deacetylases represents a new approach to interfere with pathways of apoptosis and angiogenesis. We investigated the effect of the pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) on human HCC cell lines HepG2 (p53wt) and Hep3B (p53null) and in a subcutaneous xenograft model and explored the influence on angiogenesis. Specimens were characterized by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein was separated for western blotting against CTGF, VEGF, VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1/FLT-1), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2/KDR), MAPK and phospho-MAPK. In vivo, HepG2 cells were xenografted to NMRI mice and treated with daily i.p. injections of 10 mg/kg panobinostat. After 1, 7 and 28 days, real-time PCR was performed. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were examined after 28 days. An increased significant expression of CTGF was only seen after 24 h treatment with 0.1 µM panobinostat in HepG2 cells and Hep3B cells, whereas after 72 h treatment CTGF expression clearly decreased. In the xenografts, treatment with panobinostat showed a minimal CTGF expression after 1 day and 4 weeks, respectively. In vitro as well as in vivo, VEGF was not affected by panobinostat treatment at any time. In conclusion, panobinostat influences extracellular signaling cascades via CTGF-dependent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gahr
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Mayr
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Romana Illig
- Institute of Pathology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Beate Alinger
- Institute of Pathology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marion Ganslmayer
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Till Wissniowski
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Institute for Surgical Research, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Montalbano
- Institute for Surgical Research, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joachim H Ficker
- Klinikum Nuernberg, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ocker
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Quint
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
904
|
Duan X, Liu D, Chan C, Lin W. Polymeric Micelle-Mediated Delivery of DNA-Targeting Organometallic Complexes for Resistant Ovarian Cancer Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3962-72. [PMID: 25963931 PMCID: PMC4635029 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three half-sandwich iridium and ruthenium organometallic complexes with high cytotoxicity are synthesized, and their anticancer mechanisms are elucidated. The organometallic complexes can interact with DNA through coordination or intercalation, thereby inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of resistant cancer cells. The organometallic complexes are then incorporated into polymeric micelles through the polymer-metal coordination between poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(glutamic acid) [PEG-b-P(Glu)] and organometallic complexes to further enhance their anticancer effects as a result of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The micelles with particle sizes of ≈60 nm are more efficiently internalized by cancer cells than the corresponding complexes, and selectively dissociate and release organometallic anticancer agents within late endosomes and lysosomes, thereby enhancing drug delivery to the nuclei of cancer cells and facilitating their interactions with DNA. Thus, the micelles display higher antitumor activity than the organometallic complexes alone with a lack of the systemic toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer. These results suggest that the polymeric micelles carrying anticancer organometallic complexes provide a promising platform for the treatment of resistant ovarian cancer and other hard-to-treat solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopin Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E 57 St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E 57 St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E 57 St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E 57 St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
905
|
Ali SR, Humphreys KJ, McKinnon RA, Michael MZ. Impact of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on microRNA Expression and Cancer Therapy: A Review. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:296-317. [PMID: 26303212 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin-modifying drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), have shown potential as cancer therapeutics, either alone or in combination with other therapies. HDACi have the ability to reverse aberrant epigenetic modifications associated with cancer, namely dysregulated histone acetylation. There are currently three FDA approved HDACi; vorinostat, romidepsin, and panobinostat. Epigenetic modifications can regulate the expression of protein coding genes, and in addition can alter expression of microRNA (miRNA) genes. Many miRNAs play key roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis, and are commonly dysregulated in cancer states. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the ability of chromatin-modifying drugs to alter miRNA expression, which may provide the basis for further investigation of miRNAs as therapeutic targets or as biomarkers of drug response. This review summarises findings from studies investigating the effects of HDACi on miRNA expression, as well as key clinical trials involving HDACi. Understanding how chromatin-modifying drugs epigenetically modulate miRNA genes provides further insight into the cellular mechanisms that deliver therapeutic responses, and may assist in refining treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saira R Ali
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen J Humphreys
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Z Michael
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
906
|
Liu LJ, Lu L, Zhong HJ, He B, Kwong DWJ, Ma DL, Leung CH. An Iridium(III) Complex Inhibits JMJD2 Activities and Acts as a Potential Epigenetic Modulator. J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao P. R. China
| | - Lihua Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao P. R. China
| | - Bingyong He
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Daniel W. J. Kwong
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
907
|
Henrici A, Montalbano R, Neureiter D, Krause M, Stiewe T, Slater EP, Quint K, Ocker M, Di Fazio P. The pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat suppresses the expression of oncogenic miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:585-97. [PMID: 24375802 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deacetylase inhibitors (DACi) are a new class of drugs with a broad spectrum of mechanisms that favor their application in cancer therapy. Currently, the exact mechanisms and cellular effects of DACi have not been fully elucidated. In addition to their effects on histone acetylation, DACi can interfere with gene expression via miRNA pathways. Treatment with panobinostat (LBH589), a novel potent DACi, led to the highly aberrant modulation of several miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines as shown by miRNA array analysis. Among them, hsa-miR-19a, hsa-miR-19b1 and the corresponding precursors were down-regulated by panobinostat in TP53(-/-) Hep3B and TP53(+/+) HepG2 cell lines; hsa-miR30a-5p mature form only was suppressed in both HCC cell lines, as confirmed by further RT-qPCR analysis. In HCC cell lines, panobinostat caused the upregulation of the predicted miRNA targets APAF1 and Beclin1 protein levels. Transfection with oligonucleotides mimicking these miRNAs led to an increase in the viability rate of both cell lines as analyzed by impedance-based real-time cell analysis. In addition, transfecting miRNA mimicking oligonucleotides resulted in the decrease of APAF1, Beclin1 and PAK6 at the protein level, proving the regulating influence of the investigated miRNAs on gene final products. The overexpression of the above mentioned oncomiRs in Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines leads to cell proliferation and downregulation of cell death associated proteins. In our model, panobinostat exerts its anti-cancer effect by suppressing these miRNAs and restoring the expression of their corresponding tumor suppressor targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Henrici
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Montalbano
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Krause
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Emily Prentice Slater
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl Quint
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ocker
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
908
|
Mahal K, Kahlen P, Biersack B, Schobert R. 4-(1-Ethyl-4-anisyl-imidazol-5-yl)-N-hydroxycinnamide – A new pleiotropic HDAC inhibitor targeting cancer cell signalling and cytoskeletal organisation. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:263-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
909
|
Bae HJ, Jung KH, Eun JW, Shen Q, Kim HS, Park SJ, Shin WC, Yang HD, Park WS, Lee JY, Nam SW. MicroRNA-221 governs tumor suppressor HDAC6 to potentiate malignant progression of liver cancer. J Hepatol 2015; 63:408-19. [PMID: 25817558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Most common reason behind changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) function is its overexpression in cancer. However, among HDACs in liver cancer, HDAC6 is uniquely endowed with a tumor suppressor, but the mechanism underlying HDAC6 inactivation has yet to be uncovered. METHODS Microarray profiling and target prediction programs were used to identify miRNAs targeting HDAC6. A series of inhibitors, activators and siRNAs was introduced to validate regulatory mechanisms for microRNA-221-3p (miR-221) governing HDAC6 in hepatocarcinogenesis. RESULTS Comprehensive miRNA profiling analysis identified seven putative endogenous miRNAs that are significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While miR-221 was identified as a suppressor of HDAC6 by ectopic expression of miRNA mimics in Dicer knockdown cells, targeted-disruption of miR-221 repressed cancer cell growth through derepressing HDAC6 expression. Suppression of HDAC6 via miR-221 was induced by JNK/c-Jun signaling in liver cancer cells but not in normal hepatic cells. Additionally, cytokine-induced NF-κBp65 independently regulated miR-221, thereby suppressing HDAC6 expression in HCC cells. HCC tissues derived from chemical-induced rat and H-ras12V transgenic mice liver cancer models validated that JNK/c-Jun activation and NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation are essential for the transcription of miR-221 leading to repression of HDAC6 in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the functional loss or suppression of the tumor suppressor HDAC6 is caused by induction of miR-221 through coordinated JNK/c-Jun- and NF-κB-signaling pathways during liver tumorigenesis, providing a novel target for the molecular treatment of liver malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Bae
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hwa Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingyu Shen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chan Shin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Doo Yang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Cancer Evolution Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
910
|
Gnoni A, Santini D, Scartozzi M, Russo A, Licchetta A, Palmieri V, Lupo L, Faloppi L, Palasciano G, Memeo V, Angarano G, Brunetti O, Guarini A, Pisconti S, Lorusso V, Silvestris N. Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment over sorafenib: epigenetics, microRNAs and microenvironment. Is there a light at the end of the tunnel? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015. [PMID: 26212068 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sorafenib is currently the only approved therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alternative first- and second-line treatments are a significant unmet medical need, and several biologic agents have been tested in recent years, with poor results. Therefore, angiogenic pathways and the cytokine cascade remain possible targets in HCC. Recent studies suggest a role of epigenetic processes, associated with the initiation and development of HCC. In this field, DNA methylation, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and tumor microenvironment cells became a possible new target for HCC treatment. AREAS COVERED This review explains the possible role of DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors as predictive biomarkers and target therapy, the extensive world of the promising miRNA blockade strategy, and the recent strong evidence of correlation between HCC tumors and peritumoral stroma cells. The literature and preclinic/clinic data were obtained through an electronic search. EXPERT OPINION Future research should aim to understand how best to identify patient groups that would benefit most from the prescribed therapy. To overcome the 'therapeutic stranding' of HCC, a possible way out from the current therapeutic tunnel might be to evaluate the major epigenetic and genetic processes involved in HCC carcinogenesis, not underestimating the tumor microenvironment and its 'actors' (angiogenesis, immune system, platelets). We are only at the start of a long journey towards the elucidation of HCC molecular pathways as therapeutic targets. Yet, currently this path appears to be the only one to cast some light at the end of the tunnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gnoni
- a 1 Hospital of Taranto, Medical Oncology Unit , Taranto, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- b 2 University Campus Biomedico, Medical Oncology Unit , Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- c 3 University of Cagliari, Medical Oncology Unit , Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- d 4 University of Palermo, Medical Oncology Unit , Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Palmieri
- e 5 University of Bari, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Lupo
- f 6 University of Bari, Institute of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Faloppi
- g 7 Polytechnic University of the Marche, Medical Oncology Unit , Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palasciano
- e 5 University of Bari, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Memeo
- f 6 University of Bari, Institute of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , Bari, Italy
| | | | - Oronzo Brunetti
- i 9 National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Medical Oncology Unit , Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy +39 080 555 5419 ; +39 080 555 5419 ;
| | - Attilio Guarini
- j 10 National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Medical Ematology Unit , Bari, Italy
| | | | - Vito Lorusso
- i 9 National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Medical Oncology Unit , Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy +39 080 555 5419 ; +39 080 555 5419 ;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- i 9 National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Medical Oncology Unit , Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy +39 080 555 5419 ; +39 080 555 5419 ;
| |
Collapse
|
911
|
He L, Li Y, Tan CP, Ye RR, Chen MH, Cao JJ, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes as lysosome-targeted photodynamic anticancer and real-time tracking agents. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5409-5418. [PMID: 29861886 PMCID: PMC5947539 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the rational design and photodynamic anticancer mechanism studies of iridium(iii) complexes with pH-responsive singlet oxygen (1O2) production and lysosome-specific imaging properties.
Stimuli-activatable photosensitizers (PSs) are highly desirable for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to selectively demolish tumor cells. On the other hand, lysosomes are emerging as attractive anticancer targets. Herein, four cyclometalated iridium(iii)–β-carboline complexes with pH-responsive singlet oxygen (1O2) production and lysosome-specific imaging properties have been designed and synthesized. Upon visible light (425 nm) irradiation, they show highly selective phototoxicities against cancer cells. Notably, complex 2 ([Ir(N^C)2(N^N)](PF6) in which N^C = 2-phenylpyridine and N^N = 1-(2-benzimidazolyl)-β-carboline) displays a remarkably high phototoxicity index (PI = IC50 in the dark/IC50 in light) of >833 against human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Further studies show that 2-mediated PDT induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal damage. The pH-responsive phosphorescence of complex 2 can be utilized to monitor the lysosomal integrity upon PDT, which provides a reliable and convenient method for in situ monitoring of therapeutic effect and real-time assessment of treatment outcome. Our work provides a strategy for the construction of highly effective multifunctional subcellular targeted photodynamic anticancer agents through rational structural modification of phosphorescent metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Yi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Mu-He Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Jian-Jun Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| |
Collapse
|
912
|
Ikezono YU, Koga H, Abe M, Akiba J, Kawahara A, Yoshida T, Nakamura T, Iwamoto H, Yano H, Kage M, Sata M, Tsuruta O, Torimura T. High expression of the putative cancer stem cell marker, DCLK1, in rectal neuroendocrine tumors. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2015-2020. [PMID: 26622789 PMCID: PMC4579808 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a microtubule-associated protein, is known to regulate neuronal differentiation, migration and neurogenesis. Recent evidence suggests that the protein is a putative marker for intestinal and pancreatic stem cells, including their cancer stem cell counterparts. The present study conducted immunohistochemical analyses for DCLK1 and the stemness marker, NANOG, in human intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), as their expression had not been previously investigated in these tumors. Eighteen patients with endoscopically resected rectal NETs were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 51 years old. The mean diameter of the resected tumors was 5.2 mm, and a histological diagnosis of NET grade G1 was formed for all tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed not only for DCLK1, but also for the known NET markers, synaptophysin, chromogranin A and cluster of differentiation (CD)56. The intensity and distribution of staining were scored on a scale of 0–3 and 0–2, respectively. The sum of the scores was calculated for each specimen. Co-expression of DCLK1 and NANOG was also examined. The mean scores for DCLK1 and synaptophysin were significantly higher than those for chromogranin A (P<0.0001) and CD56 (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the scores between DCLK1 and synaptophysin or between chromogranin A and CD56. Notably, NANOG was expressed in high quantities in all the tumor tissues studied, showing clear co-expression with DCLK1. In conclusion, DCLK1 may be a novel marker for rectal NET, potentially indicating the presence of the stemness gene product, NANOG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y U Ikezono
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan ; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan ; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan ; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan ; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan ; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan ; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan ; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kage
- Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan ; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Michio Sata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsuruta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan ; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
913
|
Păunescu E, Nowak-Sliwinska P, Clavel CM, Scopelliti R, Griffioen AW, Dyson PJ. Anticancer Organometallic Osmium(II)-p-cymene Complexes. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1539-47. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
914
|
Chueh AC, Tse JWT, Tögel L, Mariadason JM. Mechanisms of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor-Regulated Gene Expression in Cancer Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:66-84. [PMID: 24512308 PMCID: PMC4492771 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Class I and II histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and are undergoing clinical trials as single agents, and in combination, for other hematological and solid tumors. Understanding their mechanisms of action is essential for their more effective clinical use, and broadening their clinical potential. RECENT ADVANCES HDACi induce extensive transcriptional changes in tumor cells by activating and repressing similar numbers of genes. These transcriptional changes mediate, at least in part, HDACi-mediated growth inhibition, apoptosis, and differentiation. Here, we highlight two fundamental mechanisms by which HDACi regulate gene expression—histone and transcription factor acetylation. We also review the transcriptional responses invoked by HDACi, and compare these effects within and across tumor types. CRITICAL ISSUES The mechanistic basis for how HDACi activate, and in particular repress gene expression, is not well understood. In addition, whether subsets of genes are reproducibly regulated by these agents both within and across tumor types has not been systematically addressed. A detailed understanding of the transcriptional changes elicited by HDACi in various tumor types, and the mechanistic basis for these effects, may provide insights into the specificity of these drugs for transformed cells and specific tumor types. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the mechanisms by which HDACi regulate gene expression and an appreciation of their transcriptional targets could facilitate the ongoing clinical development of these emerging therapeutics. In particular, this knowledge could inform the design of rational drug combinations involving HDACi, and facilitate the identification of mechanism-based biomarkers of response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderly C Chueh
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Olivia Newton John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janson W T Tse
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Olivia Newton John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars Tögel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Olivia Newton John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John M Mariadason
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Olivia Newton John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
915
|
Abstract
The microRNAs and microRNA clusters have been implicated in normal cardiac development and also disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Since a microRNA cluster has from two to dozens of microRNAs, the expression of a microRNA cluster could have a substantial impact on its target genes. In the present study, the configuration and distribution of microRNA clusters in the mouse genome were examined at various inter-microRNA distances. Three important microRNA clusters that are significantly impacted during adult cardiac aging, the miR-17-92, miR-106a-363, and miR-106b-25, were also examined in terms of their genomic location, RNA transcript character, sequence homology, and their relationship with the corresponding microRNA families. Multiple microRNAs derived from the three clusters potentially target various protein components of the cdc42-SRF signaling pathway, which regulates cytoskeleton dynamics associated with cardiac structure and function. The data indicate that aging impacted the expression of both guide and passenger strands of the microRNA clusters; nutrient stress also affected the expression of the three microRNA clusters. The miR-17-92, miR-106a-363, and miR-106b-25 clusters are likely to impact the Cdc42-SRF signaling pathway and thereby affect cardiac morphology and function during pathological conditions and the aging process.
Collapse
|
916
|
Mayr C, Wagner A, Neureiter D, Pichler M, Jakab M, Illig R, Berr F, Kiesslich T. The green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate induces cell cycle arrest and shows potential synergism with cisplatin in biliary tract cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:194. [PMID: 26100134 PMCID: PMC4477611 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was shown to effectively inhibit tumor growth in various types of cancer including biliary tract cancer (BTC). For most BTC patients only palliative therapy is possible, leading to a median survival of about one year. Chemoresistance is a major problem that contributes to the high mortality rates of BTC. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of EGCG alone or in combination with cisplatin on eight BTC cell lines and to investigate the cellular anti-cancer mechanisms of EGCG. Methods The effect of EGCG treatment alone or in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic cisplatin on cell viability was analyzed in eight BTC cell lines. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of EGCG on caspase activity, cell cycle distribution and gene expression in the BTC cell line TFK-1. Results EGCG significantly reduced cell viability in all eight BTC cell lines (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively, for most cell lines and EGCG concentrations > 5 μM). Combined EGCG and cisplatin treatment showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect in five cell lines and an antagonistic effect in two cell lines. Furthermore, EGCG reduced the mRNA levels of various cell cycle-related genes, while increasing the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 and the apoptosis-related death receptor 5 (p < 0.05). This observation was accompanied by an increase in caspase activity and cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle, indicating induction of apoptosis. EGCG also induced a down-regulation of expression of stem cell-related genes and genes that are associated with an aggressive clinical character of the tumor, such as cd133 and abcg2. Conclusions EGCG shows various anti-cancer effects in BTC cell lines and might therefore be a potential anticancer drug for future studies in BTC. Additionally, EGCG displays a synergistic cytotoxic effect with cisplatin in most tested BTC cell lines. Summary illustration ![]()
Collapse
|
917
|
Lyra-González I, Flores-Fong LE, González-García I, Medina-Preciado D, Armendáriz-Borunda J. MicroRNAs dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights in genomic medicine. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1530-1540. [PMID: 26085912 PMCID: PMC4462691 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading primary liver cancer and its clinical outcome is still poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated an interesting potential to regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Current findings suggest that miRNAs deregulation in cancer is caused by genetic and/or epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications resulting in abnormal expression and hallmarks of malignant transformation: aberrant cell growth, cell death, differentiation, angiogenesis, invasion and metástasis. The important role of miRNAs in the development and progression of HCC has increased the efforts to understand and develop mechanisms of control overt this single-stranded RNAs. Several studies have analyzed tumoral response to the regulation and control of deregulated miRNAs with good results in vitro and in vivo, proving that targeting aberrant expression of miRNAs is a powerful anticancer therapeutic. Identification of up and/or down regulated miRNAs related to HCC has led to the discovery of new potential application for detection of their presence in the affected organism. MiRNAs represent a relevant new target for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment in a wide variety of pathologic entities, including HCC. This manuscript intends to summarize current knowledge regarding miRNAs and their role in HCC development.
Collapse
|
918
|
Tsai CC, Chang YH, Chang CC, Cheng YM, Ou YC, Chien CCC, Hsu YC. Induction of Apoptosis in Endometrial Cancer (Ishikawa) Cells by Pogostemon cablin Aqueous Extract (PCAE). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12424-35. [PMID: 26042464 PMCID: PMC4490452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (PC) is a traditional herbal medicine used in the treatment of the common cold, nausea, diarrhea, and even for headaches and fever. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative activity of PC in endometrial cancer (EC) cells have yet to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the anticancer effects of an aqueous extract of Pogostemon cablin (PCAE), specifically induced apoptosis in EC (Ishikawa) cells. Proliferation of EC cells following exposure to PCAE was assessed by an MTT assay. DNA content and the induction of cell cycle apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS Calibur). Protein caspase-3 and, -9 as well as AIF were investigated using Western blot. Our results demonstrate growth inhibition of Ishikawa cells by PCAE. Furthermore, caspase-3 activity caused PCAE-treated cell lines to accumulate in apoptosis. Gene expression profiling (GEP) results further suggest that, in addition to its known effects with regard to EC prevention, PCAE may also exert antitumor activity on established EC cells. Many previous studies have identified the chemo-preventive effects of natural plant materials and the potential role of these materials in chemotherapy. This current study used human EC Ishikawa cells to investigate the anti-tumor effects of PCAE in EC cells. Our results demonstrate that PCAE inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis, which suggests the potential applicability of PCAE as an antitumor agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Huei Chang
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Min Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 71701, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Che Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chan-Chao Chang Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 71701, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
919
|
Slug contributes to gemcitabine resistance through epithelial-mesenchymal transition in CD133(+) pancreatic cancer cells. Hum Cell 2015; 28:167-74. [PMID: 25997702 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-015-0117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD133-positive pancreatic cancer is correlated with unfavorable survival despite current development of therapy. Slug acts as a master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is the essential process in cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Slug in gemcitabine treatment for CD133-positive pancreatic cancer cells. We used a previously established pancreatic cancer cell line expressing high level of CD133 (Capan-1M9), which also expresses high level of Slug. We generated Slug knock-down subclone (shSlug M9) from this cell line, and compared expression of EMT-related genes, migration, invasion and gemcitabine resistance between two cell lines. Slug knock-down in CD133-positive pancreatic cancer cell line led to the reduction of migration and invasion ability. Furthermore, Slug knock-down sensitized CD133-positive pancreatic cancer cell line to gemcitabine. These results suggest that Slug plays an important role in not only invasion ability through EMT but also gemcitabine resistance of CD133-positive pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
|
920
|
Carlisi D, Lauricella M, D'Anneo A, Buttitta G, Emanuele S, di Fiore R, Martinez R, Rolfo C, Vento R, Tesoriere G. The synergistic effect of SAHA and parthenolide in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1276-89. [PMID: 25370819 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The sesquiterpene lactone Parthenolide (PN) exerted a cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB231 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, but its effectiveness was scarce when employed at low doses. This represents an obstacle for a therapeutic utilization of PN. In order to overcome this difficulty we associated to PN the suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an histone deacetylase inhibitor. Our results show that SAHA synergistically sensitized MDA-MB231 cells to the cytotoxic effect of PN. It is noteworthy that treatment with PN alone stimulated the survival pathway Akt/mTOR and the consequent nuclear translocation of Nrf2, while treatment with SAHA alone induced autophagic activity. However, when the cells were treated with SAHA/PN combination, SAHA suppressed PN effect on Akt/mTOR/Nrf2 pathway, while PN reduced the prosurvival autophagic activity of SAHA. In addition SAHA/PN combination induced GSH depletion, fall in Δψm, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase 3 and apoptosis. Finally we demonstrated that combined treatment maintained both hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 induced by SAHA and down-regulation of DNMT1 expression induced by PN. Inhibition of the DNA-binding activity of NF-kB, which is determined by PN, was also observed after combined treatment. In conclusion, combination of PN to SAHA inhibits the cytoprotective responses induced by the single compounds, but does not alter the mechanisms leading to the cytotoxic effects. Taken together our results suggest that this combination could be a candidate for TNBC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), Laboratory of Biochemistry, Polyclinic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
921
|
Chien W, Ding LW, Sun QY, Torres-Fernandez LA, Tan SZ, Xiao J, Lim SL, Garg M, Lee KL, Kitajima S, Takao S, Leong WZ, Sun H, Tokatly I, Poellinger L, Gery S, Koeffler PH. Selective inhibition of unfolded protein response induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4881-94. [PMID: 24952679 PMCID: PMC4148107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress from unfolded proteins is associated with the proliferation of pancreatic tumor cells, making the many regulatory molecules of this pathway appealing targets for therapy. The objective of our study was to assess potential therapeutic efficacy of inhibitors of unfolded protein response (UPR) in pancreatic cancers focusing on IRE1α inhibitors. IRE1α-mediated XBP-1 mRNA splicing encodes a transcription factor that enhances transcription of chaperone proteins in order to reverse UPR. Proliferation assays using a panel of 14 pancreatic cancer cell lines showed a dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition by IRE1α-specific inhibitors (STF-083010, 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 3-Ethoxy-5,6-dibromosalicylaldehyde, toyocamycin). Growth inhibition was also noted using a clonogenic growth assay in soft agar, as well as a xenograft in vivo model of pancreatic cancer. Cell cycle analysis showed that these IRE1α inhibitors caused growth arrest at either the G1 or G2/M phases (SU8686, MiaPaCa2) and induced apoptosis (Panc0327, Panc0403). Western blot analysis showed cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP, and prominent induction of the apoptotic molecule BIM. In addition, synergistic effects were found between either STF-083010, 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 3-Ethoxy-5,6-dibromosalicylaldehyde, or toyocamycin and either gemcitabine or bortezomib. Our data suggest that use of an IRE1α inhibitor is a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of pancreatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chien
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
922
|
Death-associated protein kinase: A molecule with functional antagonistic duality and a potential role in inflammatory bowel disease (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 47:5-15. [PMID: 25963636 PMCID: PMC4485655 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton-associated serine/threonine kinase death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) has been described as a cancer gene chameleon with functional antagonistic duality in a cell type and context specific manner. The broad range of interaction partners and substrates link DAPK to inflammatory processes especially in the gut. Herein we summarize our knowledge on the role of DAPK in different cell types that play a role under inflammatory conditions in the gut. Besides some promising experimental data suggesting DAPK as an interesting drug target in inflammatory bowel disease there are many open questions regarding direct evidence for a role of DAPK in intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
|
923
|
Barry NPE, Pitto-Barry A, Romero-Canelón I, Tran J, Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Hands-Portman I, Smith CJ, Kirby N, Dove AP, O'Reilly RK, Sadler PJ. Precious metal carborane polymer nanoparticles: characterisation of micellar formulations and anticancer activity. Faraday Discuss 2015; 175:229-40. [PMID: 25270092 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the encapsulation of highly hydrophobic 16-electron organometallic ruthenium and osmium carborane complexes [Ru/Os(p-cymene)(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-dithiolate)] ( and ) in Pluronic® triblock copolymer P123 core-shell micelles. The spherical nanoparticles and , dispersed in water, were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS; diameter ca. 15 and 19 nm, respectively). Complexes and were highly active towards A2780 human ovarian cancer cells (IC(50) 0.17 and 2.50 μM, respectively) and the encapsulated complexes, as and nanoparticles, were less potent (IC(50) 6.69 μM and 117.5 μM, respectively), but more selective towards cancer cells compared to normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P E Barry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
924
|
HDAC Family Members Intertwined in the Regulation of Autophagy: A Druggable Vulnerability in Aggressive Tumor Entities. Cells 2015; 4:135-68. [PMID: 25915736 PMCID: PMC4493453 DOI: 10.3390/cells4020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of autophagy by some cancer entities to support survival and dodge death has been well-described. Though its role as a constitutive process is important in normal, healthy cells, in the milieu of malignantly transformed and highly proliferative cells, autophagy is critical for escaping metabolic and genetic stressors. In recent years, the importance of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in cancer biology has been heavily investigated, and the enzyme family has been shown to play a role in autophagy, too. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) are being integrated into cancer therapy and clinical trials are ongoing. The effect of HDACi on autophagy and, conversely, the effect of autophagy on HDACi efficacy are currently under investigation. With the development of HDACi that are able to selectively target individual HDAC isozymes, there is great potential for specific therapy that has more well-defined effects on cancer biology and also minimizes toxicity. Here, the role of autophagy in the context of cancer and the interplay of this process with HDACs will be summarized. Identification of key HDAC isozymes involved in autophagy and the ability to target specific isozymes yields the potential to cripple and ultimately eliminate malignant cells depending on autophagy as a survival mechanism.
Collapse
|
925
|
He L, Liao SY, Tan CP, Lu YY, Xu CX, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Cyclometalated iridium(III)-β-carboline complexes as potent autophagy-inducing agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:5611-4. [PMID: 24728495 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01461h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two cyclometalated Ir(III)-β-carboline complexes were identified as potent inducers of autophagic cell death. Autophagy induced by these complexes is ROS-mediated and caspase-independent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
926
|
Gustafson TL, Kitchell BE, Biller B. Hedgehog signaling is activated in canine transitional cell carcinoma and contributes to cell proliferation and survival. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:174-183. [PMID: 25864514 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most commonly diagnosed tumor of the canine urinary system. Hedgehog (HH) signaling represents one possible novel therapeutic target, based on its recently identified central role in human urothelial carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine if HH mediators are expressed in canine TCC and the effect of inhibition of this pathway on cell growth and survival. HH pathway mediators were found to be expressed in five canine TCC cell lines. Indian HH was expressed in tumor cells in five canine bladder tumor tissues, but not in normal canine bladder tissue. Inhibition of HH signaling with cyclopamine and GANT61 led to significantly decreased cell proliferation but had a smaller effect on apoptosis. These results support future investigation of inhibitors of HH signaling in the treatment of canine TCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L Gustafson
- Colorado State University, Animal Cancer Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - B E Kitchell
- VCA Veterinary Care Animal Hospital and Referral Center, Oncology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - B Biller
- Colorado State University, CVMBS-VTH, Animal Cancer Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
927
|
Khan MA, Hussain A, Sundaram MK, Alalami U, Gunasekera D, Ramesh L, Hamza A, Quraishi U. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reverses the expression of various tumor-suppressor genes by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases in human cervical cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1976-84. [PMID: 25682960 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing evidence that numerous bioactive dietary agents can hamper the process of carcinogenesis by targeting epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation. This therapeutic approach is considered as a significant goal for cancer therapy due to the reversible nature of epigenetic-mediated gene silencing and warrants further attention. One such dietary agent, green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been shown to modulate many cancer-related pathways. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the role of EGCG as an epigenetic modifier in HeLa cells. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition assays were conducted, and the transcription levels of DNMT3B and HDAC1 were assessed by enzymatic activity assay and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, we studied the binding interaction of EGCG with DNMT3B and HDAC1 by molecular modeling as well as promoter DNA methylation and expression of retinoic acid receptor-β (RARβ), cadherin 1 (CDH1) and death-associated protein kinase-1 (DAPK1) in EGCG-treated HeLa cells by RT-PCR and MS-PCR. In the present study, time-dependent EGCG-treated HeLa cells were found to have a significant reduction in the enzymatic activity of DNMT and HDAC. However, the expression of DNMT3B was significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner whereas there was no significant change in HDAC1 expression. Molecular modeling data also supported the EGCG-mediated DNMT3B and HDAC1 activity inhibition. Furthermore, time-dependent exposure to EGCG resulted in reactivation of known tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) in HeLa cells due to marked changes in the methylation of the promoter regions of these genes. Overall, the present study suggests that EGCG may have a significant impact on the development of novel epigenetic-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munawwar Ali Khan
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Usama Alalami
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dian Gunasekera
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laveena Ramesh
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amina Hamza
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Uzma Quraishi
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
928
|
Mayr C, Neureiter D, Pichler M, Berr F, Wagner A, Kiesslich T, Namberger K. Cytotoxic effects of chemokine receptor 4 inhibition by AMD3100 in biliary tract cancer cells: Potential drug synergism with gemcitabine. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2247-52. [PMID: 25846744 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) remains one of the most life-threatening types of cancer due to the lack of efficient therapies. Advanced tumour stages at the point of diagnosis and high chemoresistance are two of the predominant reasons for a 5-year survival rate of only ~5%. The present study investigated the effect of the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) inhibitor AMD3100 (Plerixafor), alone and in combination with standard gemcitabine chemotherapy, on the proliferation of BTC cells. The expression of CXCR4 was analysed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in eight heterogeneously differentiated BTC cell lines. The effects of treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, on cell viability and anchorage-independent growth, and the possible synergistic cytotoxic effects of AMD3100 with standard chemotherapeutics were assessed. The expression of CXCR4 was observed to a variable extent in all eight BTC cell lines, with SkChA-1 cells exhibiting the highest expression levels. Treatment with AMD3100 led to a marginal decrease in cell viability in the cell lines, with the exception of the CCSW-1 cells, and a significant reduction in the GBC, MzChA-1, SkChA.-1 and TFK-1 cell lines. The combined treatment of the SkChA-1 cells with varying concentrations of AMD3100 and standard gemcitabine chemotherapy revealed a more marked overall cytotoxicity, indicating a potential synergistic effect. In addition, AMD3100 significantly reduced anchorage-independent growth in the SkChA-1 cells. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that the inhibition of CXCR4 by AMD3100, in combination with gemcitabine, may be a suitable strategy for the future therapy of BTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A‑5020, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A‑5020, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Frieder Berr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A‑5020, Austria
| | - Andrej Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A‑5020, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A‑5020, Austria
| | - Konrad Namberger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Braunschweig, Braunschweig D‑38118, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
929
|
Wang JC, Wang Z, Fan YX, Si YQ, Wang JX. DNA methyltransferase 3b silencing affects locus-specific DNA methylation and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402 cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2499-2506. [PMID: 26137097 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene transcription, and its role in carcinogenesis has been a topic of considerable interest in previous years. The present study examined the influence of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and the methylation status of identified tumor suppressor genes in hepatoma SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402 cells. DNMT3b was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Transfection efficiency was verified using a fluorescent imaging system, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. A cell proliferation assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The migratory and invasive ability of cells was measured using a Transwell assay. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was performed to assess methylation in the promoter region of genes. The present data revealed that DNMT3b siRNA successfully inhibited expression of the DNMT3b gene in these two liver cancer cell lines and therefore inhibited the proliferation of the transfected cells, stimulated apoptosis in the cells, led to an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase and decreased cell migration and invasion. It was also found that silencing DNMT3b expression results in hypomethylation of specific sets of gene promoters and increases the expression of distinct set of genes in HCC cell lines. The present study is therefore useful for assessing the specificity of emerging action based on the altered expression of associated regulatory genes, particularly in methylation-silenced genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Wang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xia Fan
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qing Si
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
930
|
JI MEIYING, LEE EUNJEOUNG, KIM KIBAE, KIM YANGMI, SUNG ROHYUN, LEE SANGJEON, KIM DONSOO, PARK SEONMEE. HDAC inhibitors induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2299-308. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
931
|
Li H, Yang F, Gao B, Yu Z, Liu X, Xie F, Zhang J. Hepatitis B virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues upregulates expression of DNA methyltransferases. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:4175-4185. [PMID: 26064328 PMCID: PMC4443162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous research identified that Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in the increased methylation of p16; however, the mechanism(s) of the methylation changes observed following HBV infection are yet to be deduced. DNA methylation is governed by the interaction of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). To investigate the expression of DNMT in cancerous tissue, cirrhotic tissues and non-cancerous tissue, we examined the relationship between HBV infection and DNMT expression. METHODS We compared the mRNA expression levels of the four DNMTs in cancerous, cirrhotic and matched non-cancerous tissues of HCC with HBV infection by real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that compared with the level in the corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues, the levels of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B were elevated in 54.5%, 68.2% and 38.6% of cancerous tissues and 31.4%, 40% and 25.8% of cirrhotic tissues, respectively. The average mRNA expression for DNMT2 in cancerous and cirrhotic tissues of HCC was not significantly different from that in the corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues. In HBV-associated tissue samples, both the average level and the elevated frequency of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B mRNA expression were significantly higher than in non-HBV-associated cirrhotic and cancerous tissues; even in non-cancerous tissues, the mRNA levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A in HBV-associated samples were significantly higher than in the non-HBV-associated samples. Correlations analysis demonstrated a significant association between HBV infection and the overexpression of DNMTs and p16 methylation. CONCLUSIONS The results of our current study suggest that persistent HBV infection can stimulate the overexpression of DNMTs, particularly DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, which may result in the hyper-methylation/inactivation of p16, thus indirectly regulating the progression of hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Zongtao Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Gestroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
932
|
Chatterjee N, Tenniswood M. The potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in breast cancer therapy. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt.14.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Despite improvements in prevention, detection and treatment, breast cancer will be responsible for nearly 40,000 deaths in 2014. The function of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and their potential as therapeutic targets has become an area of intense investigation and small molecule inhibitors of HDACs (HDACi) are now being investigated as potential chemotherapeutics for breast cancer. In addition to altering chromatin structure through stabilization of histone acetylation, HDACi treatment induces the accumulation of acetylated isoforms of many nonhistone proteins, altering their structure and function. These structural changes influence protein–protein interactions and cellular processes including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, induction of reactive oxygen species and mitotic catastrophe. While the usefulness of these compounds as single agents for treatment of breast cancer is still under investigation, cotreatment with other therapies is being evaluated in a number of clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namita Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Martin Tenniswood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| |
Collapse
|
933
|
IGF-1R, a target of let-7b, mediates crosstalk between IRS-2/Akt and MAPK pathways to promote proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2562-74. [PMID: 24810113 PMCID: PMC4058027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-mediated intricate regulatory networks among molecular interactions and signalling path ways in OSCC remain unclear. Here, we found that overexpression of IGF-1R and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) was negatively associated with histological differentiation. IGF signaling stimulated OSCC cell growth. Conversely, overexpression of let-7b inhibited proliferation and colony formation and triggered S/G2 cell cycle arrest by targeting IGF-1R and IRS-2 through the Akt pathway. Also, the inverse relationship between expression of let-7b and IGF-1R/IRS-2 was confirmed in OSCC tumor xenografts and clinical specimens. Furthermore, by activating ERK1/2, IGF-1R transcriptionally upregulated IRS-2. Our results indicate that let-7b/IGF-1R-mediated crosstalk between IRS-2/Akt and MAPK is involved in OSCC and is a potential therapeutic target for therapy.
Collapse
|
934
|
Histone deacetylase inhibitors in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:933-49. [PMID: 25653088 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as promising anticancer drugs. Because aberrant activity and expression of HDACs have been implicated in various cancer types, a wide range of HDAC inhibitors are being investigated as anticancer agents. Furthermore, due to the demonstrable anticancer activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies, numerous HDAC inhibitors have undergone a rapid phase of clinical development in various cancer types, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents. Although preclinical trials show that HDAC inhibitors have a variety of biological effects across multiple pathways, including regulation of gene expression, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, inhibiting angiogenesis, and regulation of DNA damage and repair, the mechanism by which the clinical activity is mediated remains unclear. Understanding the mechanisms of anticancer activity of HDAC inhibitors is essential not only for rational drug design for targeted therapies, but for the design of optimized clinical protocols. This paper describes the links between HDACs and cancer, and the underlying mechanisms of action of HDAC inhibitors against hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Further, this review presents the clinical outcomes of vorinostat, romidepsin, and belinostat, which are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of lymphomas.
Collapse
|
935
|
Héninger E, Krueger TEG, Lang JM. Augmenting antitumor immune responses with epigenetic modifying agents. Front Immunol 2015; 6:29. [PMID: 25699047 PMCID: PMC4316783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of immune-related genes is a striking feature of the cancer genome that occurs in the process of tumorigenesis. This phenomena impacts antigen processing and antigen presentation by tumor cells and facilitates evasion of immunosurveillance. Further modulation of the tumor microenvironment by altered expression of immunosuppressive cytokines impairs antigen-presenting cells and cytolytic T-cell function. The potential reversal of immunosuppression by epigenetic modulation is therefore a promising and versatile therapeutic approach to reinstate endogenous immune recognition and tumor lysis. Pre-clinical studies have identified multiple elements of the immune system that can be modulated by epigenetic mechanisms and result in improved antigen presentation, effector T-cell function, and breakdown of suppressor mechanisms. Recent clinical studies are utilizing epigenetic therapies prior to, or in combination with, immune therapies to improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Héninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Madison, WI , USA
| | | | - Joshua M Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Madison, WI , USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
936
|
Di Fazio P, Lingelbach S, Schobert R, Biersack B. 4,5-Diaryl imidazoles with hydroxamic acid appendages as anti-hepatoma agents. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:104-8. [PMID: 25410728 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most abundant tumour of the liver with rising patient numbers in the Western world countries. Despite newly approved drugs like protein kinase inhibitors the survival rate is still poor. METHODS In order to identify potential new drugs for the treatment of HCC we investigated the real-time cell viability, apoptosis induction (sub-G1 cells), and HDAC (histone deacetylase) activity of two hepatocellular cancer cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B treated with new imidazole-tethered hydroxamates. RESULTS The tested cinnamyl hydroxamates exhibited significant antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity in HCC cells as apparent from high sub-G1 cell levels in flow cytometric cell cycle analyses. In Hep3B cells HDAC inhibition was observed comparable in magnitude to that induced by the clinically applied HDAC inhibitor SAHA (Zolinza, Vorinostat). CONCLUSIONS The new imidazolyl hydroxamic acids lend themselves as a possible alternative to SAHA in the therapy of HCC. Even more so since similar 4,5-diarylimidazoles lacking only the hydroxamate functionality were previously shown in animal studies to be well tolerated and orally applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Di Fazio
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
937
|
Zamora A, Pérez SA, Rodríguez V, Janiak C, Yellol GS, Ruiz J. Dual Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Activity of Organoplatinum(II) Complexes. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1320-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zamora
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum“, Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio A. Pérez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum“, Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Venancio Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum“, Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gorakh S. Yellol
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum“, Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum“, Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
938
|
Association of SOX4 regulated by tumor suppressor miR-30a with poor prognosis in low-grade chondrosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3843-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-3026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
939
|
Lo KKW, Tso KKS. Functionalization of cyclometalated iridium(iii) polypyridine complexes for the design of intracellular sensors, organelle-targeting imaging reagents, and metallodrugs. Inorg Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We summarize the biological applications of selected organometallic iridium(iii) complexes as intracellular sensors, organelle-targeting imaging reagents, and metallodrugs.
Collapse
|
940
|
Ren J, Yao J, Guo X, Guo X, Cai S. The Effect of Decitabine Combined with Arsenic Trioxide on DAPK Gene and HL-60 Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2015.615134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
941
|
Phosphorescent iridium(III)-bis-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as mitochondria-targeted theranostic and photodynamic anticancer agents. Biomaterials 2015; 39:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
942
|
Li H, Jiang H, Zhao M, Fu Y, Sun X. Intracellular redox potential-responsive micelles based on polyethylenimine-cystamine-poly(ε-caprolactone) block copolymer for enhanced miR-34a delivery. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel polymer polyethylenimine-cystamine-poly(ε-caprolactone) with intracellular redox potential-responsive cleavable ability was synthesized and fabricated the micelles as smart gene vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems
- Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University Chengdu No. 17
- Chengdu
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems
- Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University Chengdu No. 17
- Chengdu
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems
- Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University Chengdu No. 17
- Chengdu
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems
- Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University Chengdu No. 17
- Chengdu
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems
- Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University Chengdu No. 17
- Chengdu
| |
Collapse
|
943
|
Morishita A, Masaki T. miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:128-41. [PMID: 25040738 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite improvements in HCC therapy, the prognosis for HCC patients remains poor due to a high incidence of recurrence. An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC development would facilitate the development of more effective outcomes for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC at earlier stages. miRNA are small, endogenous, non-coding, ssRNA that are 21-30 nucleotides in length and modulate the expression of various target genes at the post-transcriptional and translational levels. Aberrant expression of miRNA is common in various human malignancies and modulates cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites. As for the relationship between miRNA and HCC, several studies have demonstrated that the aberrant expression of specific miRNA can be detected in HCC cells and tissues. However, little is known about the mechanisms of miRNA-related cell proliferation and development. In this review, we summarize the central and potential roles of miRNA in the pathogenesis of HCC and elucidate new possibilities that may be useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as novel therapeutic targets in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
944
|
Tan CP, Lu YY, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Metallomics insights into the programmed cell death induced by metal-based anticancer compounds. Metallomics 2014; 6:978-95. [PMID: 24668273 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of cisplatin more than 40 years ago, enormous research efforts have been dedicated to developing metal-based anticancer agents and to elucidating the mechanisms involved in the action of these compounds. Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are important hallmarks of malignant transformation, and the induction of apoptotic cell death has been considered to be a main pathway by which cytotoxic metal complexes combat cancer. However, many cancers have cellular defects involving the apoptotic machinery, which results in an acquired resistance to apoptotic cell death and therefore reduced chemotherapeutic effectiveness. Over the past decade, it has been revealed that a growing number of cell death pathways induced by metal complexes are not dependent on apoptosis. Metal complexes specifically triggering these alternative cell death pathways have been identified and explored as novel cancer treatment options. In this review, we discuss recent examples of metallomics studies on the different types of cell death induced by metal-based anticancer drugs, especially on the three major forms of programmed cell death (PCD) in mammalian cells: apoptosis, autophagy and regulated necrosis, also called necroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
945
|
Yang XW, Shen GZ, Cao LQ, Jiang XF, Peng HP, Shen G, Chen D, Xue P. MicroRNA-1269 promotes proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulation of FOXO1. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:909. [PMID: 25472505 PMCID: PMC4265494 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and a major cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play essential roles in various stages during cancer progression. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the role of miR-1269 in the pathogenesis of HCC. Methods The expression of miR-1269 in HCC cells and tissues were determined by Real-time PCR analysis. Cell viability, colony formation and anchorage-independent growth ability assays were performed to examine cell proliferative capacity and tumorigenicity. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to determine cell cycle progression. The expression of p21, CyclinD1, phosphorylated Rb, Rb and FOXO1 were examined by Western blotting analysis. Luciferase assay was used to determine whether FOXO1 is the direct target of miR-1269. Results miR-1269 was upregulated in HCC cells and tissues. Ectopic miR-1269 expression promoted, but inhibition of miR-1269 reduced, proliferation, tumorigenicity and cell cycle progression of HCC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that FOXO1 was a direct target of miR-1269. Suppression of FOXO1 by miR-1269 was associated with dysregulation of p21, cyclin D1, phosphorylated Rb and Ki67 expression, thereby playing an essential role in the growth of HCC cells. Conclusions Our study indicated that overexpression of miR-1269 promotes cell proliferation in HCC through directly suppressing FOXO1, and functions as an oncomiR in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| |
Collapse
|
946
|
Mayr C, Neureiter D, Wagner A, Pichler M, Kiesslich T. The role of polycomb repressive complexes in biliary tract cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:363-75. [PMID: 25424424 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.986460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycomb group proteins are major epigenetic regulators that modify histone tails. They are organized in two multi-protein complexes called polycomb repressive complex (PRC) 1 and 2. Aberrant PRC activity is known to contribute to the development and aggressiveness of many cancers. Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare malignancy associated with high chemoresistance and poor clinical outcome. Here we review the role of the PRC complexes and the effects of RNAi and drug-mediated inhibition of PRC1 and PRC2 in BTC. AREAS COVERED This review gives a short overview of the composition, biochemical functions and oncogenic role of PRC complexes. We then focus on and summarize the results of current studies that address the role of PRC in BTC. Finally, we discuss options and results of therapeutic targeting of PRC in BTC. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacological inhibition of the two PRC complexes seems to be a promising strategy for treatment of BTC. To date, only few studies have addressed the therapeutic effect of PRC inhibition in BTC. Therefore, it will be important to test established PRC inhibitors, such as DZNep, as well as newly developed drugs, for example, PTC209, to gain more insight into the role of the PRC complexes in BTC and potentially to develop new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University / Salzburger Landeskliniken and Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria +43 662 4482 2795 ;
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
947
|
Benderska N, Ivanovska J, Rau TT, Schulze-Luehrmann J, Mohan S, Chakilam S, Gandesiri M, Ziesché E, Fischer T, Söder S, Agaimy A, Distel L, Sticht H, Mahadevan V, Schneider-Stock R. DAPK-HSF1 interaction as a positive-feedback mechanism stimulating TNF-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:5273-87. [PMID: 25380824 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.157024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a serine-threonine kinase with tumor suppressor function. Previously, we demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced DAPK-mediated apoptosis in colorectal cancer. However, the protein-protein interaction network associated with TNF-DAPK signaling still remains unclear. We identified HSF1 as a new DAPK phosphorylation target in response to low concentrations of TNF and verified a physical interaction between DAPK and HSF1 both in vitro and in vivo. We show that HSF1 binds to the DAPK promoter. Transient overexpression of HSF1 protein led to an increase in DAPK mRNA level and consequently to an increase in the amount of apoptosis. By contrast, treatment with a DAPK-specific inhibitor as well as DAPK knockdown abolished the phosphorylation of HSF1 at Ser230 (pHSF1(Ser230)). Furthermore, translational studies demonstrated a positive correlation between DAPK and pHSF1(Ser230) protein expression in human colorectal carcinoma tissues. Taken together, our data define a novel link between DAPK and HSF1 and highlight a positive-feedback loop in DAPK regulation under mild inflammatory stress conditions in colorectal tumors. For the first time, we show that under TNF the pro-survival HSF1 protein can be redirected to a pro-apoptotic program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Benderska
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Jelena Ivanovska
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Jan Schulze-Luehrmann
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Suma Mohan
- Faculty of School of Chemical & Biotechnology of the SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Saritha Chakilam
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Muktheshwar Gandesiri
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Fischer
- Center of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Hematology/Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Söder
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Mahadevan
- Faculty of School of Chemical & Biotechnology of the SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
948
|
Shi S, Han L, Deng L, Zhang Y, Shen H, Gong T, Zhang Z, Sun X. Dual drugs (microRNA-34a and paclitaxel)-loaded functional solid lipid nanoparticles for synergistic cancer cell suppression. J Control Release 2014; 194:228-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
949
|
Minina EA, Bozhkov PV, Hofius D. Autophagy as initiator or executioner of cell death. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:692-7. [PMID: 25156061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays multiple, often antagonistic roles in plants. In particular, cytoprotective functions of autophagy are well balanced by cell death functions to compensate for the absence of apoptosis culminating in phagocytic clearance of dead cells. If autophagy is indeed required for plant programmed cell death (PCD), then what place does it occupy in the PCD pathways? Recent studies have examined the effects of impaired autophagy on pathogen-induced hypersensitive response (HR) and developmental PCD. While HR death was efficiently suppressed, inhibition of autophagy induced a switch from vacuolar PCD essential for development to necrosis. We therefore propose a dual role for autophagy in plant PCD: as an effector of HR PCD lying upstream of the 'point-of-no-return', and also as a downstream mechanism for clearance of terminally differentiated cells during developmental PCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Minina
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Hofius
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
950
|
Kiesslich T, Mayr C, Wachter J, Bach D, Fuereder J, Wagner A, Alinger B, Pichler M, Di Fazio P, Ocker M, Berr F, Neureiter D. Activated hedgehog pathway is a potential target for pharmacological intervention in biliary tract cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:257-68. [PMID: 25064451 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signalling contributes to carcinogenesis and represents a valid druggable target in human cancers, possibly also in biliary tract cancer (BTC). We analysed the expression of Hh components in BTC using eight heterogeneously differentiated cell lines, xenograft tumours and a human tissue microarray. The dose-, time- and cell line-dependent effects of two Hh inhibitors (cyclopamine and Gant-61) were analysed in vitro for survival, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and possible synergism with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. In human BTC samples, the sonic Hh ligand and the Gli1 transcription factor showed increased expression in tumours compared to normal adjacent tissue and were significantly associated with high tumour grade and positive lymph node status. In BTC cell lines, we could confirm the Hh component expression at varying extent within the employed cell lines in vitro and in vivo indicating non-canonical signalling. Both Hh inhibitors showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity above 5 µM with a stronger effect for Gant-61 inducing apoptosis whereas cyclopamine rather inhibited proliferation. Cytotoxicity was associated with low cytokeratin expression and higher mesenchymal marker expression such as vimentin. Additionally, drug combinations of Gant-61 with conventional chemotherapy (cisplatin) exerted synergistic effects. In conclusion, Hh pathway is significantly activated in human BTC tissue compared to normal adjacent tissue. The current data demonstrate for the first time an effective anticancer activity of especially Gant-61 in BTC and suggest second generation Hh pathway inhibitors as a potential novel treatment strategy in BTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|