51
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Yu F, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Wang G, Yang H, Chen M, Tao L, Tang D, He J, Sun L. Controlled fabrication of intermolecular junctions of single-walled carbon nanotube/graphene nanoribbon. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2405-2409. [PMID: 23650121 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular junctions can be formed in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by introducing a pentagon and/or heptagon into the hexagonal carbon lattice. The realization of these carbon-based molecular electronics is still quite challenging. Here, it is reported that nickel or cobalt catalyzed etching can be applied to partially unzip an SWNT into an intermolecular junction of SWNT/graphene nanoribbon, directly confirmed by atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11, Beiyitiao Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
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52
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Cao X, Zeng Z, Shi W, Yep P, Yan Q, Zhang H. Three-dimensional graphene network composites for detection of hydrogen peroxide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1703-1707. [PMID: 22933478 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional graphene network (3DGN) prepared by CVD is used as a template to synthesize various composites. These composites are further used as electrodes for electrochemical sensors, which exhibit a low detection limit, quick response time, and wide linear range toward the detection of H2O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehong Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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53
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Chen H, Guo X. Unique role of self-assembled monolayers in carbon nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1144-1159. [PMID: 23457058 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a promising technology for creating reliable functional films in optoelectronic devices with full control of thickness and even spatial resolution. In particular, rationally designed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) play an important role in modifying the electrode/semiconductor and semiconductor/dielectric interfaces in field-effect transistors. Carbon nanomaterials, especially single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene, have attracted intense interest in recent years due to their remarkable physicochemical properties. The combination of the advantages of both SAMs and carbon nanomaterials has been opening up a thriving research field. In this Review article, the unique role of SAMs acting as either active or auxiliary layers in carbon nanomaterials-based field-effect transistors is highlighted for tuning the substrate effect, controlling the carrier type and density in the conducting channel, and even installing new functionalities. The combination of molecular self-assembly and molecular engineering with materials fabrication could incorporate diverse molecular functionalities into electrical nanocircuits, thus speeding the development of nanometer/molecular electronics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Center for NanoChemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural, Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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54
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Hu C, Lu T, Chen F, Zhang R. A brief review of graphene–metal oxide composites synthesis and applications in photocatalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/22243682.2013.771917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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55
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Leeds JD, Fourkas JT, Wang Y. Achieving ultrahigh concentrations of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes using small-molecule viscosity modifiers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:241-247. [PMID: 22930552 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant dispersion is a well-established method for stabilizing individual single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions. However, achieving high concentrations of individually dispersed nanotubes with this technique has proven challenging. Here it is demonstrated that the introduction of viscosity-enhancing compounds such as sucrose can increase the maximum concentration of surfactant-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes by more than a factor of 100 while still retaining the optical properties of individual nanotubes. When these solutions are used as inks for methods such as inkjet printing, they retain their fluorescent properties even after the ink has dried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett D Leeds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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56
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Liu J, Yin Z, Cao X, Zhao F, Wang L, Huang W, Zhang H. Fabrication of flexible, all-reduced graphene oxide non-volatile memory devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:233-238. [PMID: 23109141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A flexible, all reduced graphene oxide non-volatile memory device, with lightly reduced GO as an active layer and highly reduced GO as both top and bottom electrodes, is fabricated by a full-solution process and its performance is characterized. It provides a convenient method to construct other all-carbon devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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57
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Tian H, Yang Y, Xie D, Ge J, Ren TL. A reduced graphene oxide sound-emitting device: a new use for Joule heating. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42983k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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58
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Myung S, Yin PT, Kim C, Park J, Solanki A, Reyes PI, Lu Y, Kim KS, Lee KB. Label-free polypeptide-based enzyme detection using a graphene-nanoparticle hybrid sensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:6081-6087. [PMID: 22961629 PMCID: PMC3626444 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A graphene-nanoparticle (NP) hybrid biosensor that utilizes an electrical hysteresis change to detect the enzymatic activity and concentration of Carboxypeptidase B was developed. The results indicate that the novel graphene-NP hybrid biosensor, utilizing electrical hysteresis, has the ability to detect concentrations of targeted enzyme on the micromolar scale. Furthermore, to the knowledge of the authors, this is the first demonstration of a graphene-based biosensor that utilizes a hysteresis change resulting from metallic NPs assembled on a graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Myung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, http://rutchem.rutgers.edu/~kbleeweb/
| | - Perry T. Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cheoljin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, http://rutchem.rutgers.edu/~kbleeweb/
| | - Jaesung Park
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Aniruddh Solanki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, http://rutchem.rutgers.edu/~kbleeweb/
| | - Pavel Ivanoff Reyes
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8058, USA
| | - Yicheng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8058, USA
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, http://rutchem.rutgers.edu/~kbleeweb/. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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59
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Huang X, Zeng Z, Fan Z, Liu J, Zhang H. Graphene-based electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:5979-6004. [PMID: 22927209 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, the thinnest two dimensional carbon material, has become the subject of intensive investigation in various research fields because of its remarkable electronic, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. Graphene-based electrodes, fabricated from mechanically cleaved graphene, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene, or massively produced graphene derivatives from bulk graphite, have been applied in a broad range of applications, such as in light emitting diodes, touch screens, field-effect transistors, solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, and sensors. In this Review, after a short introduction to the properties and synthetic methods of graphene and its derivatives, we will discuss the importance of graphene-based electrodes, their fabrication techniques, and application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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60
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Ramuz MP, Vosgueritchian M, Wei P, Wang C, Gao Y, Wu Y, Chen Y, Bao Z. Evaluation of solution-processable carbon-based electrodes for all-carbon solar cells. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10384-95. [PMID: 23113673 DOI: 10.1021/nn304410w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Carbon allotropes possess unique and interesting physical, chemical, and electronic properties that make them attractive for next-generation electronic devices and solar cells. In this report, we describe our efforts into the fabrication of the first reported all-carbon solar cell in which all components (the anode, active layer, and cathode) are carbon based. First, we evaluate the active layer, on standard electrodes, which is composed of a bilayer of polymer sorted semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes and C(60). This carbon-based active layer with a standard indium tin oxide anode and metallic cathode has a maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.46% under AM1.5 Sun illumination. Next, we describe our efforts in replacing the electrodes with carbon-based electrodes, to demonstrate the first all-carbon solar cell, and discuss the remaining challenges associated with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Ramuz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North-South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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61
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Liu J, Zeng Z, Cao X, Lu G, Wang LH, Fan QL, Huang W, Zhang H. Preparation of MoS₂-polyvinylpyrrolidone nanocomposites for flexible nonvolatile rewritable memory devices with reduced graphene oxide electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3517-22. [PMID: 22887650 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A facile method for exfoliation and dispersion of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with the aid of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is proposed. The resultant PVP-coated MoS2 nanosheets, i.e., MoS2-PVP nanocomposites, are well dispersed in the low-boiling ethanol solvent, facilitating their thin film preparation and the device fabrication by solution processing technique. As a proof of concept, a flexible memory diode with the configuration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/MoS2-PVP/Al exhibited a typical bistable electrical switching and nonvolatile rewritable memory effect with the function of flash. These experimental results prove that the electrical transition is due to the charge trapping and detrapping behavior of MoS2 in the PVP dielectric material. This study paves a way of employing two-dimensional nanomaterials as both functional materials and conducting electrodes for the future flexible data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore, Website: http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/hzhang/
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62
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Li N, Cao M, Hu C. Review on the latest design of graphene-based inorganic materials. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6205-6218. [PMID: 22961110 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The breathtakingly fast evolution of research on graphene and its modification methods in the recent 8 years has made possible the various preparations and applications of its derivatives. These hybrid structures exhibit excellent material characteristics including high carrier mobility and radiate recombination rate as well as long-term stability since graphene sheets possess super electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility and good optical transparency. Besides, the versatile and fascinating properties of the nanostructures grown on graphene layers make it possible to fabricate high-performance electronic, optoelectronic and catalytic devices. This review presents an overview of the latest design of structure, synthetic methods and applications of graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites. The challenges and perspectives of these emerging hybrid heterostructures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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63
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He Q, Zeng Z, Yin Z, Li H, Wu S, Huang X, Zhang H. Fabrication of flexible MoS2 thin-film transistor arrays for practical gas-sensing applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2994-9. [PMID: 22778003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
By combining two kinds of solution-processable two-dimensional materials, a flexible transistor array is fabricated in which MoS(2) thin film is used as the active channel and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film is used as the drain and source electrodes. The simple device configuration and the 1.5 mm-long MoS(2) channel ensure highly reproducible device fabrication and operation. This flexible transistor array can be used as a highly sensitive gas sensor with excellent reproducibility. Compared to using rGO thin film as the active channel, this new gas sensor exhibits much higher sensitivity. Moreover, functionalization of the MoS(2) thin film with Pt nanoparticles further increases the sensitivity by up to ∼3 times. The successful incorporation of a MoS(2) thin-film into the electronic sensor promises its potential application in various electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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64
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Photocurrent enhancement in dye-sensitized photovoltaic devices with titania–graphene composite electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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65
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Zeng Z, Huang X, Yin Z, Li H, Chen Y, Li H, Zhang Q, Ma J, Boey F, Zhang H. Fabrication of graphene nanomesh by using an anodic aluminum oxide membrane as a template. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4138-4142. [PMID: 22434606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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66
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Qi X, Li H, Lam JWY, Yuan X, Wei J, Tang BZ, Zhang H. Graphene oxide as a novel nanoplatform for enhancement of aggregation-induced emission of silole fluorophores. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4191-4195. [PMID: 22605567 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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67
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Zhang C, Liu T. A review on hybridization modification of graphene and its polymer nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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68
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Huang Y, Liang J, Chen Y. An overview of the applications of graphene-based materials in supercapacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:1805-34. [PMID: 22514114 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique 2D structure and outstanding intrinsic physical properties, such as extraordinarily high electrical conductivity and large surface area, graphene-based materials exhibit great potential for application in supercapacitors. In this review, the progress made so far for their applications in supercapacitors is reviewed, including electrochemical double-layer capacitors, pseudo-capacitors, and asymmetric supercapacitors. Compared with traditional electrode materials, graphene-based materials show some novel characteristics and mechanisms in the process of energy storage and release. Several key issues for improving the structure of graphene-based materials and for achieving better capacitor performance, along with the current outlook for the field, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
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69
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Some S, Bhunia P, Hwang E, Lee K, Yoon Y, Seo S, Lee H. Can Commonly Used Hydrazine Produce n-Type Graphene? Chemistry 2012; 18:7665-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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70
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Zhao F, Liu J, Huang X, Zou X, Lu G, Sun P, Wu S, Ai W, Yi M, Qi X, Xie L, Wang J, Zhang H, Huang W. Chemoselective photodeoxidization of graphene oxide using sterically hindered amines as catalyst: synthesis and applications. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3027-3033. [PMID: 22420637 DOI: 10.1021/nn2047185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a green and efficient method for chemoselective deoxidization of graphene oxide via the ultraviolet irradiation catalyzed with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol. While the sp(2)-hybridized oxygen functional groups are removed after the reduction, the epoxy and hydroxyl groups are retained in the chemoselectively reduced graphene oxide (CrGO). The obtained CrGO nanosheets exhibit the high solubility and excellent electronic stability, which allows for the fabrication of thin film devices through a solution processing. As a proof of concept, a CrGO-based write-once-read-many-times memory device with the desirable stability and long-time operation is fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
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71
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Yin Z, Wu S, Mandler D, Zhang H. Fabrication of nanoelectrode ensembles by electrodepositon of Au nanoparticles on single-layer graphene oxide sheets. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2728-2733. [PMID: 22434054 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs) have been fabricated by the electrodeposition of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on single-layer graphene oxide (GO) sheets coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The fabricated NEEs show a typical sigmoidal shaped voltammetric profile, arising from the low coverage density of AuNPs on GCE and large distance among them, which can be easily controlled by varying the electrodeposition time. As a proof of concept, after the probe HS-DNA is immobilized on the NEEs through the Au-S bonding, the target DNA is detected with the methylene blue intercalator. Our results show that the target DNA can be detected as low as 100 fM, i.e. 0.5 amol DNA in 5 μL solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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72
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Wang Z, Wu S, Zhang J, Chen P, Yang G, Zhou X, Zhang Q, Yan Q, Zhang H. Comparative studies on single-layer reduced graphene oxide films obtained by electrochemical reduction and hydrazine vapor reduction. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:161. [PMID: 22373422 PMCID: PMC3309976 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The comparison between two kinds of single-layer reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, obtained by reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with the electrochemical method and hydrazine vapor reduction, referred to as E-rGO and C-rGO, respectively, is systematically studied. Although there is no morphology difference between the E-rGO and C-rGO films adsorbed on solid substrates observed by AFM, the reduction process to obtain the E-rGO and C-rGO films is quite different. In the hydrazine vapor reduction, the nitrogen element is incorporated into the obtained C-rGO film, while no additional element is introduced to the E-rGO film during the electrochemical reduction. Moreover, Raman spectra show that the electrochemical method is more effective than the hydrazine vapor reduction method to reduce the GO films. In addition, E-rGO shows better electrocatalysis towards dopamine than does C-rGO. This study is helpful for researchers to understand these two different reduction methods and choose a suitable one to reduce GO based on their experimental requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singaporea
| | - Shixin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singaporea
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singaporea
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singaporea
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Guocheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yan'an Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singaporea
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singaporea
| | - Qingyu Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singaporea
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singaporea
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73
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Yuan Y, Chen P, Ren X, Wang H. A Theoretical Investigation Into the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azidotrimethylsilane Onto Nanographene. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:741-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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74
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Yin Z, He Q, Huang X, Zhang J, Wu S, Chen P, Lu G, Chen P, Zhang Q, Yan Q, Zhang H. Real-time DNA detection using Pt nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:293-7. [PMID: 22089471 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A large-area, continuous, few-layer reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin film has been fabricated on a Si/SiO(2) wafer using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method followed by thermal reduction. After photochemical reduction of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) on rGO, the obtained PtNPs/rGO composite is employed as the conductive channel in a solution-gated field effect transistor (FET), which is then used for real-time detection of hybridization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with high sensitivity (2.4 nM). Such a simple, but effective method for fabrication of rGO-based transistors shows great potential for mass-production of graphene-based electronic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyou Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
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75
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Lin YC, Liu KK, Wu CY, Chu CW, Wang JTW, Liang CT, Li LJ. Efficient reduction of graphene oxide catalyzed by copper. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3083-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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76
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Huang H, Xia Y, Tao X, Du J, Fang J, Gan Y, Zhang W. Highly efficient electrolytic exfoliation of graphite into graphene sheets based on Li ions intercalation–expansion–microexplosion mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm00092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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77
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Some S, Kim Y, Hwang E, Yoo H, Lee H. Binol salt as a completely removable graphene surfactant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7732-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33916a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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78
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Yang G, Zhang G, Sheng P, Sun F, Xu W, Zhang D. A new approach to reduced graphite oxide with tetrathiafulvalene in the presence of metal ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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79
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Rujia Z, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Xu K, Tian Q, Xue S, Hu J, Bando Y, Golberg D. Heterostructures of vertical, aligned and dense SnO2 nanorods on graphene sheets: in situ TEM measured mechanical, electrical and field emission properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32904b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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80
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Hong JY, Jang J. Micropatterning of graphene sheets: recent advances in techniques and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm00102k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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81
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Chen Y, Zhang B, Liu G, Zhuang X, Kang ET. Graphene and its derivatives: switching ON and OFF. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4688-707. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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82
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Léonard F, Talin AA. Electrical contacts to one- and two-dimensional nanomaterials. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 6:773-83. [PMID: 22120529 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Existing models of electrical contacts are often inapplicable at the nanoscale because there are significant differences between nanostructures and bulk materials arising from unique geometries and electrostatics. In this Review, we discuss the physics and materials science of electrical contacts to carbon nanotubes, semiconductor nanowires and graphene, and outline the main research and development challenges in the field. We also include a case study of gold contacts to germanium nanowires to illustrate these concepts.
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83
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Zou R, Zhang Z, Yu L, Tian Q, Chen Z, Hu J. A General Approach for the Growth of Metal Oxide Nanorod Arrays on Graphene Sheets and Their Applications. Chemistry 2011; 17:13912-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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84
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Kong FY, Xu MT, Xu JJ, Chen HY. A novel lable-free electrochemical immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen based on gold nanoparticles–thionine–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode. Talanta 2011; 85:2620-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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85
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Tian B, Wang C, Zhang S, Feng L, Liu Z. Photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy delivered by nano-graphene oxide. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7000-9. [PMID: 21815655 DOI: 10.1021/nn201560b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 709] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene with unique physical and chemical properties has shown various potential applications in biomedicine. In this work, a photosensitizer molecule, Chlorin e6 (Ce6), is loaded on polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) via supramolecular π-π stacking. The obtained GO-PEG-Ce6 complex shows excellent water solubility and is able to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen under light excitation for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Owing to the significantly enhanced intracellular trafficking of photosensitizers, our GO-PEG-Ce6 complex offers a remarkably improved cancer cell photodynamic destruction effect compared to free Ce6. More importantly, we show that the photothermal effect of graphene can be utilized to promote the delivery of Ce6 molecules by mild local heating when exposed to a near-infrared laser at a low power density, further enhancing the PDT efficacy against cancer cells. Our work highlights the promise of using graphene for potential multifunctional cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
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86
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Song J, Yin Z, Yang Z, Amaladass P, Wu S, Ye J, Zhao Y, Deng WQ, Zhang H, Liu XW. Enhancement of Photogenerated Electron Transport in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Introduction of a Reduced Graphene Oxide-TiO2 Junction. Chemistry 2011; 17:10832-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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87
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Hunley DP, Johnson SL, Stieha JK, Sundararajan A, Meacham AT, Ivanov IN, Strachan DR. Crystallographically aligned carbon nanotubes grown on few-layer graphene films. ACS NANO 2011; 5:6403-6409. [PMID: 21749089 DOI: 10.1021/nn201573m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are grown on few-layer graphene films using chemical vapor deposition without a carbon feedstock gas. We find that the nanotubes show a striking alignment to specific crystal orientations of the few-layer graphene films. The nanotubes are oriented predominantly at 60 degree intervals and are offset 30 degrees from crystallographically oriented etch tracks, indicating alignment to the armchair axes of the few-layer graphene films. Nanotubes grown on various thicknesses of few-layer graphene under identical process conditions show that the thinnest films, in the sub-6 atomic layer regime, demonstrate significantly improved crystallographic alignment. Intricate crystallographic patterns are also observed having sharp kinks with bending radii less than the ∼10 nm lateral resolution of the electron and atomic force microscopy used to image them. Some of these kinks occur independently without interactions between nanotubes while others result when two nanotubes intersect. These intersections can trap nanotubes between two parallel nanotubes resulting in crystallographic back and forth zigzag geometries. These interactions suggest a tip-growth mechanism such that the catalyst particles remain within several nanometers of the few-layer graphene surface as they move leaving a nanotube in their wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Patrick Hunley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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88
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Zhou X, Boey F, Huo F, Huang L, Zhang H. Chemically functionalized surface patterning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2273-89. [PMID: 21678549 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patterning substrates with versatile chemical functionalities from micro- to nanometer scale is a long-standing and interesting topic. This review provides an overview of a range of techniques commonly used for surface patterning. The first section briefly introduces conventional micropatterning tools, such as photolithography and microcontact printing. The second section focuses on the currently used nanolithographic techniques, for example, scanning probe lithography (SPL), and their applications in surface patterning. Their advantages and disadvantages are also demonstrated. In the last section, dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is emphatically illustrated, with a particular stress on the patterning and applications of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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89
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Chen W, Yan L. In situ self-assembly of mild chemical reduction graphene for three-dimensional architectures. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3132-7. [PMID: 21698339 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10355e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) architectures of graphene are of interest in applications in electronics, catalysis devices, and sensors. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate macroscopic all-graphene 3D architectures under mild conditions. Here, a simple method for the preparation of 3D architectures of graphene is developed via the in situ self-assembly of graphene prepared by mild chemical reduction at 95 °C under atmospheric pressure without stirring. No chemical or physical cross-linkers or high pressures are required. The reducing agents include NaHSO(3), Na(2)S, Vitamin C, HI, and hydroquinone. Both graphene hydrogels and aerogels can be prepared by this method, and the shapes of the 3D architectures can be controlled by changing the type of reactor. The 3D architectures of graphene have low densities, high mechanical properties, thermal stability, high electrical conductivity, and high specific capacitance, which make them candidates for potential applications in supercapacitors, hydrogen storage and as supports for catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wufeng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
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90
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Abstract
Graphene has attracted tremendous research interest in recent years, owing to its exceptional properties. The scaled-up and reliable production of graphene derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), offers a wide range of possibilities to synthesize graphene-based functional materials for various applications. This critical review presents and discusses the current development of graphene-based composites. After introduction of the synthesis methods for graphene and its derivatives as well as their properties, we focus on the description of various methods to synthesize graphene-based composites, especially those with functional polymers and inorganic nanostructures. Particular emphasis is placed on strategies for the optimization of composite properties. Lastly, the advantages of graphene-based composites in applications such as the Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, photovoltaic devices, photocatalysis, as well as Raman enhancement are described (279 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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91
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Huang X, Yin Z, Wu S, Qi X, He Q, Zhang Q, Yan Q, Boey F, Zhang H. Graphene-based materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1876-902. [PMID: 21630440 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1148] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional, single-layer sheet of sp(2) hybridized carbon atoms, has attracted tremendous attention and research interest, owing to its exceptional physical properties, such as high electronic conductivity, good thermal stability, and excellent mechanical strength. Other forms of graphene-related materials, including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and exfoliated graphite, have been reliably produced in large scale. The promising properties together with the ease of processibility and functionalization make graphene-based materials ideal candidates for incorporation into a variety of functional materials. Importantly, graphene and its derivatives have been explored in a wide range of applications, such as electronic and photonic devices, clean energy, and sensors. In this review, after a general introduction to graphene and its derivatives, the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of graphene-based materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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92
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He Q, Wu S, Gao S, Cao X, Yin Z, Li H, Chen P, Zhang H. Transparent, flexible, all-reduced graphene oxide thin film transistors. ACS NANO 2011; 5:5038-5044. [PMID: 21524119 DOI: 10.1021/nn201118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their unique thickness-dependent electronic properties, together with perfect flexibility and transparency, graphene and its relatives make fantastic material for use in both active channel and electrodes in various electronic devices. On the other hand, the electronic sensors based on graphene show high potential in detection of both chemical and biological species with high sensitivity. In this contribution, we report the fabrication of all-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin film transistors by a combination of solution-processed rGO electrodes with a micropatterned rGO channel, and then study their applications in biosensing. Our all-rGO devices are cost-effective, highly reproducible, and reliable. The fabricated electronic sensor is perfectly flexible with high transparency, showing good sensitivity in detecting proteins in the physiological buffer. As a proof of concept, fibronectin as low as 0.5 nM was successfully detected, which is comparable with the previously reported protein sensors based on single-layer pristine graphene obtained from mechanical cleavage. The specific detection of avidin by using biotinylated all-rGO sensor is also successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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93
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Cao X, He Q, Shi W, Li B, Zeng Z, Shi Y, Yan Q, Zhang H. Graphene oxide as a carbon source for controlled growth of carbon nanowires. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1199-1202. [PMID: 21456089 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiehong Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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94
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Chen P, Zhou X, Yang Y, Wu S, Niu L, Han Y, Wang L, Chen P, Boey F, Zhang Q, Liedberg B, Zhang H. Label-free, electrochemical detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus DNA with reduced graphene oxide-modified electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3881-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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95
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Fan ZJ, Yan J, Wei T, Ning GQ, Zhi LJ, Liu JC, Cao DX, Wang GL, Wei F. Nanographene-constructed carbon nanofibers grown on graphene sheets by chemical vapor deposition: high-performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries. ACS NANO 2011; 5:2787-2794. [PMID: 21425865 DOI: 10.1021/nn200195k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of 3D carbonaceous material composed of 1D carbon nanofibers (CNF) grown on 2D graphene sheets (GNS) via a CVD approach in a fluidized bed reactor. Nanographene-constructed carbon nanofibers contain many cavities, open tips, and graphene platelets with edges exposed, providing more extra space for Li(+) storage. More interestingly, nanochannels consisting of graphene platelets arrange almost perpendicularly to the fiber axis, which is favorable for lithium ion diffusion from different orientations. In addition, 3D interconnected architectures facilitate the collection and transport of electrons during the cycling process. As a result, the CNF/GNS hybrid material shows high reversible capacity (667 mAh/g), high-rate performance, and cycling stability, which is superior to those of pure graphene, natural graphite, and carbon nanotubes. The simple CVD approach offers a new pathway for large-scale production of novel hybrid carbon materials for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Jun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
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96
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Xiao N, Dong X, Song L, Liu D, Tay Y, Wu S, Li LJ, Zhao Y, Yu T, Zhang H, Huang W, Hng HH, Ajayan PM, Yan Q. Enhanced thermopower of graphene films with oxygen plasma treatment. ACS NANO 2011; 5:2749-55. [PMID: 21417404 DOI: 10.1021/nn2001849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we show that the maximum thermopower of few layers graphene (FLG) films could be greatly enhanced up to ∼700 μV/K after oxygen plasma treatment. The electrical conductivities of these plasma treated FLG films remain high, for example, ∼10(4) S/m, which results in power factors as high as ∼4.5 × 10(-3) W K(-2) m(-1). In comparison, the pristine FLG films show a maximum thermopower of ∼80 μV/K with an electrical conductivity of ∼5 × 10(4) S/m. The proposed mechanism is due to generation of local disordered carbon that opens the band gap. Measured thermopowers of single-layer graphene (SLG) films and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films were in the range of -40 to 50 and -10 to 20 μV/K, respectively. However, such oxygen plasma treatment is not suitable for SLG and rGO films. The SLG films were easily destroyed during the treatment while the electrical conductivity of rGO films is too low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 637819, Singapore
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97
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Wu S, Yin Z, He Q, Lu G, Zhou X, Zhang H. Electrochemical deposition of Cl-doped n-type Cu2O on reduced graphene oxide electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02267e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Xiao J, Yang H, Yin Z, Guo J, Boey F, Zhang H, Zhang Q. Preparation, characterization, and photoswitching/light-emitting behaviors of coronene nanowires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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99
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Li H, Cao X, Li B, Zhou X, Lu G, Liusman C, He Q, Boey F, Venkatraman SS, Zhang H. Single-layer graphene oxide sheet: a novel substrate for dip-pen nanolithography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10070-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12648b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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100
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Zhu C, Fang Y, Wen D, Dong S. One-pot synthesis of functional two-dimensional graphene/SnO2 composite nanosheets as a building block for self-assembly and an enhancing nanomaterial for biosensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11612f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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