51
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Qi M, Zhang H, Dong Q, Li J, Musgrave RA, Zhao Y, Dulock N, Wang D, Byers JA. Electrochemically switchable polymerization from surface-anchored molecular catalysts. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9042-9052. [PMID: 34276933 PMCID: PMC8261715 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02163j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-switchable polymerizations of lactide and epoxides were extended to the solid state by anchoring an iron-based polymerization catalyst to TiO2 nanoparticles. The reactivity of the molecular complexes and their redox-switching characteristics were maintained in the solid-state. These properties resulted in surface-initiated polymerization reactions that produced polymer brushes whose chemical composition is dictated by the oxidation state of the iron-based complex. Depositing the catalyst-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles on fluorine-doped tin oxide resulted in an electrically addressable surface that could be used to demonstrate spatial control in redox-switchable polymerization reactions. By using a substrate that contained two electrically isolated domains wherein one domain was exposed to an oxidizing potential, patterns of surface-bound polyesters and polyethers were accessible through sequential application of lactide and cyclohexene oxide. The differentially functionalized surfaces demonstrated distinct physical properties that illustrated the promise for using the method to pattern surfaces with multiple, chemically distinct polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Haochuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Rebecca A Musgrave
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Nicholas Dulock
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jeffery A Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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52
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Zhao X, Zhao Y, Li MD, Li Z, Peng H, Xie T, Xie X. Efficient 3D printing via photooxidation of ketocoumarin based photopolymerization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2873. [PMID: 34001898 PMCID: PMC8129151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization-based three-dimensional (3D) printing can enable customized manufacturing that is difficult to achieve through other traditional means. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to achieve efficient 3D printing due to the compromise between print speed and resolution. Herein, we report an efficient 3D printing approach based on the photooxidation of ketocoumarin that functions as the photosensitizer during photopolymerization, which can simultaneously deliver high print speed (5.1 cm h-1) and high print resolution (23 μm) on a common 3D printer. Mechanistically, the initiating radical and deethylated ketocoumarin are both generated upon visible light exposure, with the former giving rise to rapid photopolymerization and high print speed while the latter ensuring high print resolution by confining the light penetration. By comparison, the printed feature is hard to identify when the ketocoumarin encounters photoreduction due to the increased lateral photopolymerization. The proposed approach here provides a viable solution towards efficient additive manufacturing by controlling the photoreaction of photosensitizers during photopolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
- National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
- National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Department of Chemistry, Shantou University (STU), Shantou, China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.
- National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (ZJU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.
- National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, China.
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53
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Dolinski ND, Callaway EB, Sample CS, Gockowski LF, Chavez R, Page ZA, Eisenreich F, Hecht S, Valentine MT, Zok FW, Hawker CJ. Tough Multimaterial Interfaces through Wavelength-Selective 3D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22065-22072. [PMID: 33929835 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strong and well-engineered interfaces between dissimilar materials are a hallmark of natural systems but have proven difficult to emulate in synthetic materials, where interfaces often act as points of failure. In this work, curing reactions that are triggered by exposure to different wavelengths of visible light are used to produce multimaterial objects with tough, well-defined interfaces between chemically distinct domains. Longer-wavelength (green) light selectively initiates acrylate-based radical polymerization, while shorter-wavelength (blue) light results in the simultaneous formation of epoxy and acrylate networks through orthogonal cationic and radical processes. The improved mechanical strength of these interfaces is hypothesized to arise from a continuous acrylate network that bridges domains. Using printed test structures, interfaces were characterized through spatial resolution of their chemical composition, localized mechanical properties, and bulk fracture strength. This wavelength-selective photocuring of interpenetrating polymer networks is a promising strategy for increasing the mechanical performance of 3D-printed objects and expanding light-based additive manufacturing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Dolinski
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - E Benjamin Callaway
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Caitlin S Sample
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Luke F Gockowski
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Roberto Chavez
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan T Valentine
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Frank W Zok
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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54
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Hoekstra DC, van der Lubbe BPAC, Bus T, Yang L, Grossiord N, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Wavelength-Selective Photopolymerization of Hybrid Acrylate-Oxetane Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10935-10941. [PMID: 33620140 PMCID: PMC8252527 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report on the wavelength-selective photopolymerization of a hybrid acrylate-oxetane cholesteric liquid crystal monomer mixture. By controlling the sequence and rate of the orthogonal free-radical and cationic photopolymerization reactions, it is possible to control the degree of phase separation in the resulting liquid crystal interpenetrating networks. We show that this can be used to tune the reflective color of the structurally colored coatings produced. Conversely, the structural color can be used to monitor the degree of phase separation. Our new photopolymerization procedure allows for structuring liquid crystal networks in three dimensions, which has great potential for fabricating liquid crystal polymer materials with programmable functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davey C. Hoekstra
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Bodine P. A. C. van der Lubbe
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Tom Bus
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Lanti Yang
- T&ISABICPlasticslaan 14612 PXBergen op ZoomThe Netherlands
| | | | - Michael G. Debije
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
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55
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Hoekstra DC, Lubbe BPAC, Bus T, Yang L, Grossiord N, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Wavelength‐Selective Photopolymerization of Hybrid Acrylate‐Oxetane Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davey C. Hoekstra
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Bodine P. A. C. Lubbe
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Tom Bus
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lanti Yang
- T&I SABIC Plasticslaan 1 4612 PX Bergen op Zoom The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Grossiord
- T&I SABIC Plasticslaan 1 4612 PX Bergen op Zoom The Netherlands
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
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56
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Sachyani Keneth E, Kamyshny A, Totaro M, Beccai L, Magdassi S. 3D Printing Materials for Soft Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003387. [PMID: 33164255 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soft robotics is a growing field of research, focusing on constructing motor-less robots from highly compliant materials, some are similar to those found in living organisms. Soft robotics has a high potential for applications in various fields such as soft grippers, actuators, and biomedical devices. 3D printing of soft robotics presents a novel and promising approach to form objects with complex structures, directly from a digital design. Here, recent developments in the field of materials for 3D printing of soft robotics are summarized, including high-performance flexible and stretchable materials, hydrogels, self-healing materials, and shape memory polymers, as well as fabrication of all-printed robots (multi-material printing, embedded electronics, untethered and autonomous robotics). The current challenges in the fabrication of 3D printed soft robotics, including the materials available and printing abilities, are presented and the recent activities addressing these challenges are also surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Sachyani Keneth
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Alexander Kamyshny
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Massimo Totaro
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Soft BioRobotics Perception lab, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Lucia Beccai
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Soft BioRobotics Perception lab, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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57
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Wei H, Lei M, Zhang P, Leng J, Zheng Z, Yu Y. Orthogonal photochemistry-assisted printing of 3D tough and stretchable conductive hydrogels. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2082. [PMID: 33828100 PMCID: PMC8027177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
3D-printing tough conductive hydrogels (TCHs) with complex structures is still a challenging task in related fields due to their inherent contrasting multinetworks, uncontrollable and slow polymerization of conductive components. Here we report an orthogonal photochemistry-assisted printing (OPAP) strategy to make 3D TCHs in one-pot via the combination of rational visible-light-chemistry design and reliable extrusion printing technique. This orthogonal chemistry is rapid, controllable, and simultaneously achieve the photopolymerization of EDOT and phenol-coupling reaction, leading to the construction of tough hydrogels in a short time (tgel ~30 s). As-prepared TCHs are tough, conductive, stretchable, and anti-freezing. This template-free 3D printing can process TCHs to arbitrary structures during the fabrication process. To further demonstrate the merits of this simple OPAP strategy and TCHs, 3D-printed TCHs hydrogel arrays and helical lines, as proofs-of-concept, are made to assemble high-performance pressure sensors and a temperature-responsive actuator. It is anticipated that this one-pot rapid, controllable OPAP strategy opens new horizons to tough hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Lei
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing & Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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58
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Corrigan N, Trujillo FJ, Xu J, Moad G, Hawker CJ, Boyer C. Divergent Synthesis of Graft and Branched Copolymers through Spatially Controlled Photopolymerization in Flow Reactors. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Jiangtao Xu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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59
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Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Rapid High‐Resolution 3D Printing and Surface Functionalization via Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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60
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Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Rapid High‐Resolution 3D Printing and Surface Functionalization via Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8839-8850. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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61
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Zhang Z, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Effect of Thiocarbonylthio Compounds on Visible-Light-Mediated 3D Printing. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales—Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales—Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales—Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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62
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Direct printing of functional 3D objects using polymerization-induced phase separation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:55. [PMID: 33397901 PMCID: PMC7782741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing has enabled materials, geometries and functional properties to be combined in unique ways otherwise unattainable via traditional manufacturing techniques, yet its adoption as a mainstream manufacturing platform for functional objects is hindered by the physical challenges in printing multiple materials. Vat polymerization offers a polymer chemistry-based approach to generating smart objects, in which phase separation is used to control the spatial positioning of materials and thus at once, achieve desirable morphological and functional properties of final 3D printed objects. This study demonstrates how the spatial distribution of different material phases can be modulated by controlling the kinetics of gelation, cross-linking density and material diffusivity through the judicious selection of photoresin components. A continuum of morphologies, ranging from functional coatings, gradients and composites are generated, enabling the fabrication of 3D piezoresistive sensors, 5G antennas and antimicrobial objects and thus illustrating a promising way forward in the integration of dissimilar materials in 3D printing of smart or functional parts.
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63
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Nitti A, Martinelli A, Batteux F, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Pasini D. Blue light driven free-radical polymerization using arylazo sulfones as initiators. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization of a broad range of electron-poor olefins has been achieved under free-radical conditions by using arylazo sulfones as visible light photoinitiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrice Batteux
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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64
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Balakrishnan HK, Badar F, Doeven EH, Novak JI, Merenda A, Dumée LF, Loy J, Guijt RM. 3D Printing: An Alternative Microfabrication Approach with Unprecedented Opportunities in Design. Anal Chem 2020; 93:350-366. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Faizan Badar
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - James I. Novak
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Andrea Merenda
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Ludovic F. Dumée
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 0000, United Arab Emirates
- Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 0000, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 0000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jennifer Loy
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
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65
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Li F, Thickett SC, Maya F, Doeven EH, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Rapid Additive Manufacturing of 3D Geometric Structures via Dual-Wavelength Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1409-1414. [PMID: 35653669 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A dual-wavelength photopolymerization process is presented, allowing for the volumetric fabrication of complex geometries using a multistep process. The methacrylate-based resin contained 0.1 wt % camphorquinone/0.1 wt % ethyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate and 0.2 wt % bis[2-(ochlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole] as photoinitiator (473 nm) and photoinhibitor (365 nm), respectively. The photoinitiator and photoinhibitor concentrations were optimized to allow for photocuring to full depth (4.6 mm) following an exposure time of 2 min solely by 473 nm light, but no curing occurred when 365 nm light was present due to photoinhibition. This resin was validated using one-step volumetric fabrication of two objects containing voids defined by the 365 nm irradiation region. Two more complex structures were printed in a step-by-step manner, relying on the dynamic control of the projection patterns of both 365 and 473 nm projectors, decreasing the print time from 20 min using a commercially available single wavelength resin printer to 2 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Stuart C. Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Private Bag 20000, 3220 Geelong, Australia
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Private Bag 20000, 3220 Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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66
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Corrigan N, Ciftci M, Jung K, Boyer C. Gesteuerte Reaktionsorthogonalität in der Polymer‐ und Materialwissenschaft. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Mustafa Ciftci
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Bursa Technical University Bursa 16310 Turkey
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
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67
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Ahn D, Stevens LM, Zhou K, Page ZA. Rapid High-Resolution Visible Light 3D Printing. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1555-1563. [PMID: 32999930 PMCID: PMC7517116 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven 3D printing to convert liquid resins into solid objects (i.e., photocuring) has traditionally been dominated by engineering disciplines, yielding the fastest build speeds and highest resolution of any additive manufacturing process. However, the reliance on high-energy UV/violet light limits the materials scope due to degradation and attenuation (e.g., absorption and/or scattering). Chemical innovation to shift the spectrum into more mild and tunable visible wavelengths promises to improve compatibility and expand the repertoire of accessible objects, including those containing biological compounds, nanocomposites, and multimaterial structures. Photochemistry at these longer wavelengths currently suffers from slow reaction times precluding its utility. Herein, novel panchromatic photopolymer resins were developed and applied for the first time to realize rapid high-resolution visible light 3D printing. The combination of electron-deficient and electron-rich coinitiators was critical to overcoming the speed-limited photocuring with visible light. Furthermore, azo-dyes were identified as vital resin components to confine curing to irradiation zones, improving spatial resolution. A unique screening method was used to streamline optimization (e.g., exposure time and azo-dye loading) and correlate resin composition to resolution, cure rate, and mechanical performance. Ultimately, a versatile and general visible-light-based printing method was shown to afford (1) stiff and soft objects with feature sizes <100 μm, (2) build speeds up to 45 mm/h, and (3) mechanical isotropy, rivaling modern UV-based 3D printing technology and providing a foundation from which bio- and composite-printing can emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lynn M. Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kevin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachariah A. Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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68
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Corrigan N, Ciftci M, Jung K, Boyer C. Mediating Reaction Orthogonality in Polymer and Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1748-1781. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Mustafa Ciftci
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Bursa Technical University Bursa 16310 Turkey
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
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69
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Dika I, Diot F, Bardinal V, Malval J, Ecoffet C, Bruyant A, Barat D, Reig B, Doucet J, Camps T, Soppera O. Near infrared
photopolymer for micro‐optics applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Dika
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Frédéric Diot
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Véronique Bardinal
- LAAS CNRS Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE; LAAS Toulouse France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Malval
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Carole Ecoffet
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Aurélien Bruyant
- Université de Technologie de Troyes, L2n, CNRS ERL 7004 Troyes Cedex France
| | - David Barat
- LAAS CNRS Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE; LAAS Toulouse France
| | - Benjamin Reig
- LAAS CNRS Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE; LAAS Toulouse France
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Doucet
- LAAS CNRS Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE; LAAS Toulouse France
| | - Thierry Camps
- LAAS CNRS Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE; LAAS Toulouse France
| | - Olivier Soppera
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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70
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Ultra-High Through-Cure of (Meth)Acrylate Copolymers via Photofrontal Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061291. [PMID: 32512877 PMCID: PMC7361706 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization offers substantial advantages in terms of time, temperature, energy consumption, and spatial control of the initiation. The application however is strongly limited due to the constrained penetration of light into thick films. Strategies to overcome the problem of limited curing depth, as well as to improve the curing of shadow areas, involve dual curing, frontal polymerization, and upconversion of particles. Whereas excellent results have been accomplished applying photofrontal polymerization on a theoretical level, few studies report on practical applications achieving high curing depth within short time. This study aims to investigate the potential of photofrontal polymerization, performed only with photoinitiator and light, for the fast and easy production of several-centimeter-thick (meth)acrylic layers. Monomer/ initiator systems were evaluated with respect to their optical density as well as photobleaching behavior. Moreover, depth-dependent polymerization was studied in specimens of varying monomer ratio and photoinitiator concentration. When an ideal photoinitiator concentration was selected, curing up to 52 mm in depth was accomplished within minutes.
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71
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72
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Narupai B, Nelson A. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Macromolecular Materials for Additive Manufacturing. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:627-638. [PMID: 35648567 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has drawn tremendous attention as a versatile platform for the on-demand fabrication of objects with excellent spatial control of chemical compositions and complex architectures. The development of materials that are specifically designed for AM is highly desirable for a variety of applications ranging from personal healthcare, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, self-folding origami structures, and soft robotics. Polymeric macromolecules have received increasing attention due to a wide variety of materials, the versatility for novel chemistries, and the ability to tune chemical composition and architecture. This Viewpoint highlights the development of polymeric materials for direct-ink writing and vat photopolymerization for 3D printing applications. Recent chemical innovations and polymer architectures are overviewed, which also includes recent developments in responsive and adaptive objects from AM. Polymers for biological interface and sustainability in AM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Narupai
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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73
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Jung K, Corrigan N, Ciftci M, Xu J, Seo SE, Hawker CJ, Boyer C. Designing with Light: Advanced 2D, 3D, and 4D Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903850. [PMID: 31788850 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent achievements and future opportunities for the design of 2D, 3D, and 4D materials using photochemical reactions are summarized. Light is an attractive stimulus for material design due to its outstanding spatiotemporal control, and its ability to mediate rapid polymerization under moderate reaction temperatures. These features have been significantly enhanced by major advances in light generation/manipulation with light-emitting diodes and optical fiber technologies which now allows for a broad range of cost-effective fabrication protocols. This combination is driving the preparation of sophisticated 2D, 3D, and 4D materials at the nano-, micro-, and macrosize scales. Looking ahead, future challenges and opportunities that will significantly impact the field and help shape the future of light as a versatile and tunable design tool are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mustafa Ciftci
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, 16310, Turkey
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Soyoung E Seo
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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74
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Cuthbert J, Balazs AC, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. STEM Gels by Controlled Radical Polymerization. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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75
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Zhang J, Wang S, Lalevée J, Morlet‐Savary F, Lam ES, Graff B, Liu J, Xing F, Xiao P. 1,2‐Diketones as photoinitiators of both cationic and free‐radical photopolymerization under UV (392 nm) or Blue (455 nm) LEDs. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Fabrice Morlet‐Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Elizabeth S.‐H. Lam
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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76
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Xu YY, Ding ZF, Liu FY, Sun K, Dietlin C, Lalevée J, Xiao P. 3D Printing of Polydiacetylene Photocomposite Materials: Two Wavelengths for Two Orthogonal Chemistries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1658-1664. [PMID: 31880154 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polydiacetylene (PDA) materials are appealing and gaining increasing research interest due to their outstanding chromatic transition and fluorescence enhancement effects upon exposure to various environmental stimuli. However, despite the photomask method, there are very few reports about the spatial controllable photopolymerization and subsequent 3D printing of PDA until now. Herein, for the first time, we reported the preparation of PDA photocomposite materials based on polyacrylate through the strategy of dual-wavelength polymerization and orthogonal chemistry. First, diacetylene (DA) monomers were homogeneously dispersed in acrylate resin. Then a violet light emitting diode (LED) (or laser diode) was used for the free radical polymerization of polyacrylate. Finally, UV irradiation was utilized to induce the 1,4-topopolymerization of PDA, which could show a successive blue to purple to red color transition in response to the gradient increment of temperature. Interestingly, instead of photomasks, we applied a 3D printing approach directly to this composite material and fabricated some macroscopic stereo patterns, which also illustrated thermochromic properties. This novel kind of functional photocomposite material would demonstrate a huge application prospect in many potential fields, including colorimetric sensing, information encryption, anticounterfeiting, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Anhui Normal University , South Jiuhua Rd. 189 , Wuhu 241002 , P. R. China
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS , Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) , UMR 7361, 15, rue Jean Starcky , Cedex 68057 Mulhouse , France
| | - Zhao-Fu Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Anhui Normal University , South Jiuhua Rd. 189 , Wuhu 241002 , P. R. China
| | - Fei-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Anhui Normal University , South Jiuhua Rd. 189 , Wuhu 241002 , P. R. China
| | - Ke Sun
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS , Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) , UMR 7361, 15, rue Jean Starcky , Cedex 68057 Mulhouse , France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS , Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) , UMR 7361, 15, rue Jean Starcky , Cedex 68057 Mulhouse , France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS , Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) , UMR 7361, 15, rue Jean Starcky , Cedex 68057 Mulhouse , France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
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77
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Chatterjee K, Ghosh TK. 3D Printing of Textiles: Potential Roadmap to Printing with Fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902086. [PMID: 31788860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
3D printing (3DP) has transformed engineering, manufacturing, and the use of advanced materials due to its ability to produce objects from a variety of materials, ranging from soft polymers to rigid ceramics. 3DP offers the advantage of being able to print at a variety of lengths scales; from a few micrometers to many meters. 3DP has the unique ability to produce customized small lots, efficiently. Yet, one crucial industry that has not been able to adequately explore its potential is textile manufacturing. The research in 3DP of textiles has lagged behind other areas primarily due to the difficulty in obtaining some of the unique characteristics of strength, flexibility, etc., of textiles, utilizing a fundamentally different manufacturing technology. Textiles are their own class of materials due to the specific structural developments that occur during the various stages of textile manufacturing: from fiber extrusion to assembly of the fibers to fabrics. Here, the current 3DP technologies are reviewed with emphasis on soft and anisotropic structures, as well as the efforts toward 3DP of textiles. Finally, a potential pathway to 3DP of textiles, dubbed as printing with fibers to create textile structures is proposed for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kony Chatterjee
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Tushar K Ghosh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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78
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Zhang Z, Corrigan N, Bagheri A, Jin J, Boyer C. A Versatile 3D and 4D Printing System through Photocontrolled RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Ali Bagheri
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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79
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Zhang Z, Corrigan N, Bagheri A, Jin J, Boyer C. A Versatile 3D and 4D Printing System through Photocontrolled RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17954-17963. [PMID: 31642580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a valuable tool for synthesizing macromolecules with controlled topologies and diverse chemical functionalities. However, the application of RAFT polymerization to additive-manufacturing processes has been prevented due to the slow polymerization rates of typical systems. In this work, we developed and optimized a rapid visible (green) light mediated RAFT polymerization process and applied it to an open-air 3D printing system. The reaction components are non-toxic, metal free and environmentally friendly, which tailors these systems toward biomaterial fabrication. The inclusion of RAFT agent in the photosensitive resin provided control over the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials and allowed these materials to be post-functionalized after 3D printing. Additionally, photoinduced spatiotemporal control of the network structure provided a one-pass approach to 4D printed materials. This RAFT-mediated 3D and 4D printing process should provide access to a range of new functional and stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Bagheri
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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80
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Smith PT, Narupai B, Tsui JH, Millik SC, Shafranek RT, Kim DH, Nelson A. Additive Manufacturing of Bovine Serum Albumin-Based Hydrogels and Bioplastics. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:484-492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjaporn Narupai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Tsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - S. Cem Millik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ryan T. Shafranek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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81
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Boyle BM, Xiong PT, Mensch TE, Werder TJ, Miyake GM. 3D printing using powder melt extrusion. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2019; 29:100811. [PMID: 33907668 PMCID: PMC8074846 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2019.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing promises to revolutionize manufacturing industries. However, 3D printing of novel build materials is currently limited by constraints inherent to printer designs. In this work, a bench-top powder melt extrusion (PME) 3D printer head was designed and fabricated to print parts directly from powder-based materials rather than filament. The final design of the PME printer head evolved from the Rich Rap Universal Pellet Extruder (RRUPE) design and was realized through an iterative approach. The PME printer was made possible by modifications to the funnel shape, pressure applied to the extrudate by the auger, and hot end structure. Through comparison of parts printed with the PME printer with those from a commercially available fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printer using common thermoplastics poly(lactide) (PLA), high impact poly (styrene) (HIPS), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) powders (< 1 mm in diameter), evaluation of the printer performance was performed. For each build material, the PME printed objects show comparable viscoelastic properties by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to those of the FFF objects. However, due to a significant difference in printer resolution between PME (X-Y resolution of 0.8 mm and a Z-layer height calibrated to 0.1 mm) and FFF (X-Y resolution of 0.4 mm and a Z-layer height of 0.18 mm), as well as, an inherently more inconsistent feed of build material for PME than FFF, the resulting print quality, determined by a dimensional analysis and surface roughness comparisons, of the PME printed objects was lower than that of the FFF printed parts based on the print layer uniformity and structure. Further, due to the poorer print resolution and inherent inconsistent build material feed of the PME, the bulk tensile strength and Young's moduli of the objects printed by PME were lower and more inconsistent (49.2 ± 10.7 MPa and 1620 ± 375 MPa, respectively) than those of FFF printed objects (57.7 ± 2.31 MPa and 2160 ± 179 MPa, respectively). Nevertheless, PME print methods promise an opportunity to provide a platform on which it is possible to rapidly prototype a myriad of thermoplastic materials for 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tara E. Mensch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Timothy J. Werder
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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82
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Appuhamillage GA, Chartrain N, Meenakshisundaram V, Feller KD, Williams CB, Long TE. 110th Anniversary: Vat Photopolymerization-Based Additive Manufacturing: Current Trends and Future Directions in Materials Design. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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83
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Corrigan N, Boyer C. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Photochemical Reaction Orthogonality in Modern Macromolecular Science. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:812-818. [PMID: 35619516 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to perform multiple chemical reactions independently (orthogonally) in a single reaction vessel can allow simplified reaction protocols for intricate chemical syntheses. Light is an especially advantageous external stimuli to enact such orthogonal chemical reactions due to its independence with other stimuli, instantaneous spatiotemporal control, and material penetrability. The potential to combine orthogonal chemistry and polymerization is also very appealing, as these systems may open the door for polymeric materials to find applications in emerging and high-tech fields, including biotechnology, microelectronics, sensors, energy, and others. We highlight the use of light in orthogonal polymerization protocols, particularly for living and controlled polymerization, and explore potential future directions and challenges for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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84
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Park S, Smallwood AM, Ryu CY. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D-Printed Thermosets by Stereolithography. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2019. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.32.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | - Anna M. Smallwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | - Chang Y. Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
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85
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Shafranek RT, Millik SC, Smith PT, Lee CU, Boydston AJ, Nelson A. Stimuli-responsive materials in additive manufacturing. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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86
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González-Henríquez CM, Sarabia-Vallejos MA, Rodríguez Hernandez J. Antimicrobial Polymers for Additive Manufacturing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1210. [PMID: 30857355 PMCID: PMC6429148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies can be widely used for producing detailed geometries based on individual and particular demands. Some applications are related to the production of personalized devices, implants (orthopedic and dental), drug dosage forms (antibacterial, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, etc.), or 3D implants that contain active pharmaceutical treatments, which favor cellular proliferation and tissue regeneration. This review is focused on the generation of 3D printed polymer-based objects that present antibacterial properties. Two main different alternatives of obtaining these 3D printed objects are fully described, which employ different polymer sources. The first one uses natural polymers that, in some cases, already exhibit intrinsic antibacterial capacities. The second alternative involves the use of synthetic polymers, and thus takes advantage of polymers with antimicrobial functional groups, as well as alternative strategies based on the modification of the surface of polymers or the elaboration of composite materials through adding certain antibacterial agents or incorporating different drugs into the polymeric matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mabel González-Henríquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Santiago 7800003, Chile.
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, Santiago 8940577, Chile.
| | - Mauricio A Sarabia-Vallejos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Estructural y Geotecnia, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
- Instituto de Ingeniería Biológica y Médica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Juan Rodríguez Hernandez
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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87
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Abstract
Production of objects with varied mechanical properties is challenging for current manufacturing methods. Additive manufacturing could make these multimaterial objects possible, but methods able to achieve multimaterial control along all three axes of printing are limited. Here we report a multi-wavelength method of vat photopolymerization that provides chemoselective wavelength-control over material composition utilizing multimaterial actinic spatial control (MASC) during additive manufacturing. The multicomponent photoresins include acrylate- and epoxide-based monomers with corresponding radical and cationic initiators. Under long wavelength (visible) irradiation, preferential curing of acrylate components is observed. Under short wavelength (UV) irradiation, a combination of acrylate and epoxide components are incorporated. This enables production of multimaterial parts containing stiff epoxide networks contrasted against soft hydrogels and organogels. Variation in MASC formulation drastically changes the mechanical properties of printed samples. Samples printed using different MASC formulations have spatially-controlled chemical heterogeneity, mechanical anisotropy, and spatially-controlled swelling that facilitates 4D printing. Objects with varied mechanical properties can be produced by additive manufacturing, but multimaterial control along all three axes of printing is still limited. Here the authors use wavelength control during vat polymerization and demonstrate printing of objects with spatial control of the composition and stiffness.
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88
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Frisch H, Bloesser FR, Barner‐Kowollik C. Controlling Chain Coupling and Single‐Chain Ligation by Two Colours of Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3604-3609. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Fabian R. Bloesser
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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89
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Frisch H, Bloesser FR, Barner‐Kowollik C. Kontrolle über Kettenvernetzung und Einzelkettenverknüpfung durch zwei Farben des sichtbaren Lichts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Fabian R. Bloesser
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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90
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Corrigan N, Yeow J, Judzewitsch P, Xu J, Boyer C. Seeing the Light: Advancing Materials Chemistry through Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Peter Judzewitsch
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
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91
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Corrigan N, Yeow J, Judzewitsch P, Xu J, Boyer C. Seeing the Light: Advancing Materials Chemistry through Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5170-5189. [PMID: 30066456 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of photochemistry to polymer and material science has led to the development of complex yet efficient systems for polymerization, polymer post-functionalization, and advanced materials production. Using light to activate chemical reaction pathways in these systems not only leads to exquisite control over reaction dynamics, but also allows complex synthetic protocols to be easily achieved. Compared to polymerization systems mediated by thermal, chemical, or electrochemical means, photoinduced polymerization systems can potentially offer more versatile methods for macromolecular synthesis. We highlight the utility of light as an energy source for mediating photopolymerization, and present some promising examples of systems which are advancing materials production through their exploitation of photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Judzewitsch
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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92
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Chen Q, Yang Q, Gao P, Chi B, Nie J, He Y. Photopolymerization of Coumarin-Containing Reversible Photoresponsive Materials Based on Wavelength Selectivity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Pei Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Baihong Chi
- Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering, Beijing 100086, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yong He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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93
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Ding R, Du Y, Goncalves RB, Francis LF, Reineke TM. Sustainable near UV-curable acrylates based on natural phenolics for stereolithography 3D printing. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01652f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photocured polymers have recently gained tremendous interest for a wide range of applications especially industrial prototyping/additive manufacturing. This work aims to develop natural phenolic-based (meth)acrylates to expand the use of sustainable and mechanically robust 3D printable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Polymers
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Yuyang Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Lorraine F. Francis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Polymers
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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94
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de Beer MP, van der Laan HL, Cole MA, Whelan RJ, Burns MA, Scott TF. Rapid, continuous additive manufacturing by volumetric polymerization inhibition patterning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau8723. [PMID: 30746465 PMCID: PMC6357759 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary, layer-wise additive manufacturing approaches afford sluggish object fabrication rates and often yield parts with ridged surfaces; in contrast, continuous stereolithographic printing overcomes the layer-wise operation of conventional devices, greatly increasing achievable print speeds and generating objects with smooth surfaces. We demonstrate a novel method for rapid and continuous stereolithographic additive manufacturing by using two-color irradiation of (meth)acrylate resin formulations containing complementary photoinitiator and photoinhibitor species. In this approach, photopatterned polymerization inhibition volumes generated by irradiation at one wavelength spatially confine the region photopolymerized by a second concurrent irradiation wavelength. Moreover, the inhibition volumes created using this method enable localized control of the polymerized region thickness to effect single-exposure, topographical patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. de Beer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Harry L. van der Laan
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Megan A. Cole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Riley J. Whelan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark A. Burns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Timothy F. Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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95
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Li F, Macdonald NP, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Increasing the functionalities of 3D printed microchemical devices by single material, multimaterial, and print-pause-print 3D printing. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 19:35-49. [PMID: 30475367 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has emerged as a valuable approach for the fabrication of fluidic devices and may replace soft-lithography as the method of choice for rapid prototyping. The potential of this disruptive technology is much greater than this - it allows for functional integration in a single, highly automated manufacturing step in a cost and time effective manner. Integration of functionality with a 3D printer can be done through spatial configuration of a single material, inserting pre-made components mid-print in a print-pause-print approach, and/or through the precise spatial deposition of different materials with a multimaterial printer. This review provides an overview on the ways in which 3D printing has been exploited to create and use fluidic devices with different functionality, which provides a basis for critical reflection on the current deficiencies and future opportunities for integration by 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Private Bag 20000, 3220 Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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96
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Borrello J, Nasser P, Iatridis J, Costa KD. 3D Printing a Mechanically-Tunable Acrylate Resin on a Commercial DLP-SLA Printer. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2018; 23:374-380. [PMID: 31106119 PMCID: PMC6516765 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-material 3D printing with several mechanically distinct materials at once has expanded the potential applications for additive manufacturing technology. Fewer material options exist, however, for additive systems that employ vat photopolymerization (such as stereolithography, SLA, and digital light projection, DLP, 3D printers), which are more commonly used for advanced engineering prototypes and manufacturing. Those material selections that do exist are limited in their capacity for fusion due to disparate chemical and physical properties, limiting the potential mechanical range for multi-material printed composites. Here, we present an ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate (EGPEA)-based formulation for a polymer resin yielding a range of elastic moduli between 0.6 MPa and 33 MPa simply by altering the ratio of monomer and crosslinker feedstocks in the formulation. This simple chemistry is also well suited to form seamless adhesions between mechanically dissimilar formulations, making it a promising candidate for multi-material DLP 3D printing. Preliminary tests with these polymer formulations indicate that variability due to molecular differences between hard and soft formulations is near net shape and less than 3% of the prescribed dimensions, comparable to existing commercial DLP and SLA resins, with unique advantages of a wide range of elastomer stiffness and seamless fusion for 3D printing of structurally detailed and mechanically heterogeneous composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Borrello
- Cardiovascular Research Center at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Philip Nasser
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - James Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Kevin D. Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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97
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Jin WH, Xu TY, Qu DH, Tian H. Bistable [2]rotaxane encoding an orthogonally tunable fluorescent molecular system including white-light emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10642-10645. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05886e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
By combining a rotaxane-type molecular switch and traditional fluorescent switch, an orthogonally tunable fluorescent molecular system was constructed, which can generate multicolor fluorescence including white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wei-Hang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Tian-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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