51
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Bruns CJ. Moving forward in the semantic soup of artificial molecular machine taxonomy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1231-1234. [PMID: 36494473 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carson J Bruns
- ATLAS Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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52
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An aggregation induced emission based simple and sensitive fluorescence ‘Turn-On’ method for monitoring sodium hexa-meta-phosphate, a food preservative. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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53
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Generation of Fermat's spiral patterns by solutal Marangoni-driven coiling in an aqueous two-phase system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7206. [PMID: 36418301 PMCID: PMC9684484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The solutal Marangoni effect is attracting increasing interest because of its fundamental role in many isothermal directional transport processes in fluids, including the Marangoni-driven spreading on liquid surfaces or Marangoni convection within a liquid. Here we report a type of continuous Marangoni transport process resulting from Marangoni-driven spreading and Marangoni convection in an aqueous two-phase system. The interaction between a salt (CaCl2) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) generates surface tension gradients, which drive the transport process. This Marangoni transport consists of the upward transfer of a filament from a droplet located at the bottom of a bulk solution, coiling of the filament near the surface, and formation of Fermat's spiral patterns on the surface. The bottom-up coiling of the filament, driven by Marangoni convection, may inspire automatic fiber fabrication.
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54
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Chaudhry MT, Patrick BO, Akine S, MacLachlan MJ. Noncooperative guest binding by metal-free [2 + 2] Schiff-base macrocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8259-8268. [PMID: 36222441 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salphen-based [n + n] macrocycles have been widely explored for their unique chemical and topological properties following metal ion coordination. Despite having vastly different reactivity than their coordinated counterparts, fewer studies have focused on metal-free salphen macrocycles. We investigated the binding of [2 + 2] Schiff-base macrocycle host 3, which contains a central 18-crown-6-like cavity and two N2O2 moieties. This macrocycle strongly binds to spherical cationic guests (K11 ≈ 103-104 M-1, DCM/MeCN). The most robust binding was shown for K+ and Na+, followed by Li+ and Rb+. More sterically demanding cationic guests like dibenzylammonium (DBA+) showed almost no binding. The binding pocket in 3 is slightly smaller than 18-crown-6, resulting in binding outside the cavity, which provides a scaffold appropriate for 2 : 1 complexes, where two host molecules sandwich the guest. All host-guest complexes follow a 2 : 1 noncooperative binding model, where each successive binding event is less likely than the previous, unlike coordinated versions of 3, where most binding is 1 : 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Chaudhry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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55
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Ghanbari B, Mahdavian M, Bakhshandeh M, Kubicki M. Synthesis, single crystal, electrochemical and study of fluorogenic dibenzodiaza-crown-appended with bis(ZnTPP) azo-tweezer and spectroscopic elucidation of photo-induced macrocycle-deformation-based chromotropism. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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56
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Ribetto FD, Deghi SE, Calvo HL, Bustos-Marún RA. A dynamical model for Brownian molecular motors driven by inelastic electron tunneling. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:164102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several artificial molecular motors driven and controlled by electric currents have been proposed. Similar to Brownian machines, these systems work by turning random inelastic tunneling events into a directional rotation of the molecule. Despite their importance as the ultimate component of future molecular machines, their modeling has not been sufficiently studied. Here, we develop a dynamical model to describe these systems. We illustrate the validity and usefulness of our model by applying it to a well-known molecular motor, showing that the obtained results are consistent with the available experimental data. Moreover, we demonstrate how to use our model to extract some difficult-to-access microscopic parameters. Finally, we include an analysis of the expected effects of current-induced forces (CIFs). Our analysis suggests that, although nonconservative contributions of the CIFs can be important in some scenarios, they do not seem important in the analyzed case. Despite this, the conservative contributions of CIFs could be strong enough to significantly alter the system’s dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico D. Ribetto
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (CONICET) and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Sebastián E. Deghi
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (CONICET) and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hernán L. Calvo
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (CONICET) and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raúl A. Bustos-Marún
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (CONICET) and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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57
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Amano S, Esposito M, Kreidt E, Leigh DA, Penocchio E, Roberts BMW. Using Catalysis to Drive Chemistry Away from Equilibrium: Relating Kinetic Asymmetry, Power Strokes, and the Curtin–Hammett Principle in Brownian Ratchets. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20153-20164. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Amano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Supramolecular Science and Engineering (ISIS), University of Strasbourg, 67000Strasbourg, France
| | - Massimiliano Esposito
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511Luxembourg City, G.D. Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Kreidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227Dortmund, Germany
| | - David A. Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Penocchio
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511Luxembourg City, G.D. Luxembourg
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Benjamin M. W. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
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58
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Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206631. [PMID: 35852813 PMCID: PMC9826306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines are at the frontier of biology and chemistry. The ability to control molecular motion and emulating the movement of biological systems are major steps towards the development of responsive and adaptive materials. Amazing progress has been seen for the design of molecular machines including light-induced unidirectional rotation of overcrowded alkenes. However, the feasibility of inducing unidirectional rotation about a single bond as a result of chemical conversion has been a challenging task. In this Review, an overview of approaches towards the design, synthesis, and dynamic properties of different classes of atropisomers which can undergo controlled switching or rotation under the influence of a chemical stimulus is presented. They are categorized as molecular switches, rotors, motors, and autonomous motors according to their type of response. Furthermore, we provide a future perspective and challenges focusing on building sophisticated molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands,Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University6-3 Aramaki-Aza-AobaAobaku, Sendai980-8578Japan
| | - Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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59
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Sudarkova SM, Ioffe IN. E/ Z photoisomerization pathway in pristine and fluorinated di(3-furyl)ethenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23749-23757. [PMID: 36156663 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an XMCQDPT2 study of the E/Z photoisomerization in a series of fluorinated di(3-furyl)ethenes (3DFEs). Upon excitation, pristine and low-fluorinated 3DFE show conventional behavior of many diarylethenes: unhindered twisting motion toward the pyramidalized zwitterionic state where relaxation to the ground state occurs. However, deep fluorination of 3DFEs can hamper E-to-Z isomerization by giving rise to an alternative excited-state relaxation pathway: an out-of-plane motion of a ring fluorine atom. Importantly, the case of fluorinated 3DFEs reveals serious deficiencies of the popular TDDFT approach. With some commonly used exchange-correlation functionals, the alternative relaxation pathway is not reproduced and, moreover, an irrelevant ring rotation coordinate is predicted instead. Nevertheless, TDDFT remains qualitatively adequate for the E-to-Z twisting coordinate taken alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M Sudarkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ilya N Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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60
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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ. Tuning the Force, Speed, and Efficiency of an Autonomous Chemically Fueled Information Ratchet. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17241-17248. [PMID: 36074864 PMCID: PMC9501901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Autonomous chemically fueled molecular machines that
function through
information ratchet mechanisms underpin the nonequilibrium processes
that sustain life. These biomolecular motors have evolved to be well-suited
to the tasks they perform. Synthetic systems that function through
similar mechanisms have recently been developed, and their minimalist
structures enable the influence of structural changes on machine performance
to be assessed. Here, we probe the effect of changes in the fuel and
barrier-forming species on the nonequilibrium operation of a carbodiimide-fueled
rotaxane-based information ratchet. We examine the machine’s
ability to catalyze the fuel-to-waste reaction and harness energy
from it to drive directional displacement of the macrocycle. These
characteristics are intrinsically linked to the speed, force, power,
and efficiency of the ratchet output. We find that, just as for biomolecular
motors and macroscopic machinery, optimization of one feature (such
as speed) can compromise other features (such as the force that can
be generated by the ratchet). Balancing speed, power, efficiency,
and directionality will likely prove important when developing artificial
molecular motors for particular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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61
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Roy T, Chaurasia SS, Parmananda P. Phase-flip transition in volume-mismatched pairs of coupled 1-pentanol drops. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034614. [PMID: 36266858 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We have explored a variety of synchronization domains and observed phase-flip transition in a pair of coupled 1-pentanol drops as a function of the volume mismatch. Both experimental observations and numerical studies are presented. The experiments were carried out in a rectangular channel in a ferroin deionized water solution premixed with some volume of pentanol. A single pentanol drop (≥ 3μL) performs back and forth oscillations along the length of the channel due to the well-known Marangoni forces. In the present work, for a pair of drops, the drop 1 volume was changed from 3 to 5 μL in steps of 1μL, whereas the drop 2 volume was varied from 1 to 3 μL in steps of 0.5μL. A systematic investigation of all the possible combinations of the drop volumes showed the presence of three different types of synchrony-in-phase, antiphase, and phase-switched. In-phase synchronization was robust for a volume mismatch of >3.0μL between the two drops. On the other hand, antiphase synchronization was robust when the volume mismatch was <2.0μL. The phase-switched state is a synchronized state involving a phase-flip transition in the time domain. This state was observed for the intermediate range of volume mismatch. Numerically, the system has been investigated using two Stuart-Landau oscillators interacting via a coupling function in the form of Lennard-Jones potential. The numerical results suitably capture both in-phase and antiphase oscillations for a pair of volume-mismatched pentanol drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Roy
- Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - P Parmananda
- Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
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62
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Benny R, Sahoo D, George A, De S. Recent Advances in Fuel-Driven Molecular Switches and Machines. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200128. [PMID: 36071446 PMCID: PMC9452441 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular switches and machines arena has entered a new phase in which molecular machines operate under out-of-equilibrium conditions using appropriate fuel. Unlike the equilibrium version, the dissipative off-equilibrium machines necessitate only one stimulus input to complete each cycle and decrease chemical waste. Such a modus operandi would set significant steps towards mimicking the natural machines and may offer a platform for advancing new applications by providing temporal control. This review summarises the recent progress and blueprint of autonomous fuel-driven off-equilibrium molecular switches and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renitta Benny
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM)Thiruvananthapuram695551India
| | - Diptiprava Sahoo
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM)Thiruvananthapuram695551India
| | - Ajith George
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM)Thiruvananthapuram695551India
| | - Soumen De
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM)Thiruvananthapuram695551India
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63
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Thangavel MK, Harrowfield J, Bailly C, Karmazin L, Stadler AM. Modulation of the structural information in shape-defined heterocyclic strands: the case of a (pyridine-hydrazone) 2pyrazine ligand. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14107-14117. [PMID: 36043361 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01684b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions (Ag+, Cd2+, Eu3+, Sm3+) and protons can, through coordination and protonation, modulate in three specific ways the structural information contained in the pyrazine-based heterocyclic strand L (obtained from 2,5-bis(methylhydrazino)pyrazine and 2 equivalents of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde), thus generating two linear rod-like conformations and a bent one. This conformational diversity is associated with a structural one that consists of two diprotonated forms (H2L(PF6)2 and H2L(CF3SO3)2), a polymeric architecture [AgL]n(CF3SO3)n, two rack-like complexes ([Eu2H2L3(CF3SO3)6](PF6)2 and [Sm2H2L3(CF3SO3)6](PF6)2) and a grid-like structure ([Cd4L4](CF3SO3)8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Kumar Thangavel
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), UMR 7006, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jack Harrowfield
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), UMR 7006, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Corinne Bailly
- Service de Radiocristallographie, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Service de Radiocristallographie, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Adrian-Mihail Stadler
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), UMR 7006, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France. .,University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg, France.,Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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64
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Kathan M, Crespi S, Troncossi A, Stindt CN, Toyoda R, Feringa BL. The Influence of Strain on the Rotation of an Artificial Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205801. [PMID: 35718745 PMCID: PMC9544085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In artificial small‐molecule machines, molecular motors can be used to perform work on coupled systems by applying a mechanical load—such as strain—that allows for energy transduction. Here, we report how ring strain influences the rotation of a rotary molecular motor. Bridging the two halves of the motor with alkyl tethers of varying sizes yields macrocycles that constrain the motor's movement. Increasing the ring size by two methylene increments increases the mobility of the motor stepwise and allows for fine‐tuning of strain in the system. Small macrocycles (8–14 methylene units) only undergo a photochemical E/Z isomerization. Larger macrocycles (16–22 methylene units) can perform a full rotational cycle, but thermal helix inversion is strongly dependent on the ring size. This study provides systematic and quantitative insight into the behavior of molecular motors under a mechanical load, paving the way for the development of complex coupled nanomachinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kathan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Axel Troncossi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aobaku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
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65
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Binks L, Tian C, Fielden SDP, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Leigh DA. Transamidation-Driven Molecular Pumps. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15838-15844. [PMID: 35979923 PMCID: PMC9446885 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a new class of synthetic molecular pumps that use a stepwise information ratchet mechanism to achieve the kinetic gating required to sequester their macrocyclic substrates from bulk solution. Threading occurs as a result of active template reactions between the pump terminus amine and an acyl electrophile, whereby the bond-forming reaction is accelerated through the cavity of a crown ether. Carboxylation of the resulting amide results in displacement of the ring to the collection region of the thread. Conversion of the carbamate to a phenolic ester provides an intermediate rotaxane suitable for further pumping cycles. In this way rings can be ratcheted onto a thread from one or both ends of appropriately designed molecular pumps. Each pumping cycle results in one additional ring being added to the thread per terminus acyl group. The absence of pseudorotaxane states ensures that no dethreading of intermediates occurs during the pump operation. This facilitates the loading of different macrocycles in any chosen sequence, illustrated by the pump-mediated synthesis of a [4]rotaxane containing three different macrocycles as a single sequence isomer. A [5]rotaxane synthesized using a dual-opening transamidation pump was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a series of stabilizing CH···O interactions between the crown ethers and the polyethylene glycol catchment region of the thread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Chong Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D P Fielden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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66
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Penocchio E, Avanzini F, Esposito M. Information thermodynamics for deterministic chemical reaction networks. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:034110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Information thermodynamics relates the rate of change of mutual information between two interacting subsystems to their thermodynamics when the joined system is described by a bipartite stochastic dynamics satisfying local detailed balance. Here, we expand the scope of information thermodynamics to deterministic bipartite chemical reaction networks, namely, composed of two coupled subnetworks sharing species but not reactions. We do so by introducing a meaningful notion of mutual information between different molecular features that we express in terms of deterministic concentrations. This allows us to formulate separate second laws for each subnetwork, which account for their energy and information exchanges, in complete analogy with stochastic systems. We then use our framework to investigate the working mechanisms of a model of chemically driven self-assembly and an experimental light-driven bimolecular motor. We show that both systems are constituted by two coupled subnetworks of chemical reactions. One subnetwork is maintained out of equilibrium by external reservoirs (chemostats or light sources) and powers the other via energy and information flows. In doing so, we clarify that the information flow is precisely the thermodynamic counterpart of an information ratchet mechanism only when no energy flow is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Penocchio
- Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Francesco Avanzini
- Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Massimiliano Esposito
- Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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67
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Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chmistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Romain Costil
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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68
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Thomas D, Tetlow DJ, Ren Y, Kassem S, Karaca U, Leigh DA. Pumping between phases with a pulsed-fuel molecular ratchet. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:701-707. [PMID: 35379944 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of species from a solution into and onto solids underpins the sequestering of waste and pollutants, precious metal recovery, heterogeneous catalysis, analysis and separation science, and other technologies1,2. The transfer between phases tends to proceed spontaneously in the direction of equilibrium. For example, alkyl ammonium groups mounted on silica nanoparticles are used to chemisorb cucurbituril macrocycles from solution through host-guest binding3,4. Molecular ratchet mechanisms5-7, in which kinetic gating8-12 inhibits or accelerates particular steps, makes it possible to progressively drive dynamic systems13-16 away from equilibrium17-21. Here we report on molecular pumps22 immobilized on polymer beads23-25 that use an energy ratchet mechanism5,9,19-21,26-30 to directionally transport substrates from solution onto the beads. On the addition of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3CO2H)19,31-33 fuel19,34-37, micrometre-diameter polystyrene beads functionalized38 with solvent-accessible molecular pumps sequester from the solution crown ethers appended with fluorescent tags. After fuel consumption, the rings are mechanically trapped in a higher-energy, out-of-equilibrium state on the beads and cannot be removed by dilution or exhaustive washing. This differs from dissipative assembled materials11,13-16, which require a continuous supply of energy to persist, and from conventional host-guest complexes. The addition of a second fuel pulse causes the uptake of more macrocycles, which drives the system further away from equilibrium. The second macrocycle can be labelled with a different fluorescent tag, which confers sequence information39 on the absorbed structure. The polymer-bound substrates can be released back to the bulk either one compartment at a time or all at once. Non-equilibrium40 sorption by immobilized artificial molecular machines41-45 enables the transduction of energy from chemical fuels for the use, storage and release of energy and information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel J Tetlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yansong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Salma Kassem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ulvi Karaca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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69
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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Chemical fuels for molecular machinery. Nat Chem 2022; 14:728-738. [PMID: 35778564 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reaction networks that transform out-of-equilibrium 'fuel' to 'waste' are the engines that power the biomolecular machinery of the cell. Inspired by such systems, autonomous artificial molecular machinery is being developed that functions by catalysing the decomposition of chemical fuels, exploiting kinetic asymmetry to harness energy released from the fuel-to-waste reaction to drive non-equilibrium structures and dynamics. Different aspects of chemical fuels profoundly influence their ability to power molecular machines. Here we consider the structure and properties of the fuels that biology has evolved and compare their features with those of the rudimentary synthetic chemical fuels that have so far been used to drive autonomous non-equilibrium molecular-level dynamics. We identify desirable, but context-specific, traits for chemical fuels together with challenges and opportunities for the design and invention of new chemical fuels to power synthetic molecular machinery and other dissipative nanoscale processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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70
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Kathan M, Crespi S, Troncossi A, Stindt CN, Toyoda R, Feringa BL. The Influence of Strain on the Rotation of an Artificial Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kathan
- Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Department of Chemistry Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Uppsala Universitet Department of Chemistry Ångström LaboratoryBox 523 751 20 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Axel Troncossi
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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71
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Unksov IN, Korosec CS, Surendiran P, Verardo D, Lyttleton R, Forde NR, Linke H. Through the Eyes of Creators: Observing Artificial Molecular Motors. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:140-159. [PMID: 35726277 PMCID: PMC9204826 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inspired by molecular
motors in biology, there has been significant
progress in building artificial molecular motors, using a number of
quite distinct approaches. As the constructs become more sophisticated,
there is also an increasing need to directly observe the motion of
artificial motors at the nanoscale and to characterize their performance.
Here, we review the most used methods that tackle those tasks. We
aim to help experimentalists with an overview of the available tools
used for different types of synthetic motors and to choose the method
most suited for the size of a motor and the desired measurements,
such as the generated force or distances in the moving system. Furthermore,
for many envisioned applications of synthetic motors, it will be a
requirement to guide and control directed motions. We therefore also
provide a perspective on how motors can be observed on structures
that allow for directional guidance, such as nanowires and microchannels.
Thus, this Review facilitates the future research on synthetic molecular
motors, where observations at a single-motor level and a detailed
characterization of motion will promote applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N. Unksov
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chapin S. Korosec
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Damiano Verardo
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- AlignedBio AB, Medicon Village, Scheeletorget 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roman Lyttleton
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nancy R. Forde
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heiner Linke
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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72
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Del Grosso E, Franco E, Prins LJ, Ricci F. Dissipative DNA nanotechnology. Nat Chem 2022; 14:600-613. [PMID: 35668213 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool to precisely design and control molecular circuits, machines and nanostructures. A major goal in this field is to build devices with life-like properties, such as directional motion, transport, communication and adaptation. Here we provide an overview of the nascent field of dissipative DNA nanotechnology, which aims at developing life-like systems by combining programmable nucleic-acid reactions with energy-dissipating processes. We first delineate the notions, terminology and characteristic features of dissipative DNA-based systems and then we survey DNA-based circuits, devices and materials whose functions are controlled by chemical fuels. We emphasize how energy consumption enables these systems to perform work and cyclical tasks, in contrast with DNA devices that operate without dissipative processes. The ability to take advantage of chemical fuel molecules brings dissipative DNA systems closer to the active molecular devices that exist in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Del Grosso
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Franco
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Leonard J Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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73
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Thanasekaran P, Lin B, Valaboju A, Lan C, Chang C, Lee C, Wu J, Bhattacharya D, Tseng T, Lee H, Hsu C, Lu K. Molecular mechanics of glove‐like re(I) metallacycles: Toward light‐activated molecular catchers. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo‐Chao Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | | | | | - Che‐Hao Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Chou Lee
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Jing‐Yun Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chi Nan University Nantou Taiwan
| | | | - Tien‐Wen Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Chao‐Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Physics National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuang‐Lieh Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
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74
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Krajnc M, Niemeyer J. BINOL as a chiral element in mechanically interlocked molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:508-523. [PMID: 35601990 PMCID: PMC9086503 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this minireview we present the use of the axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) unit as a stereogenic element in mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). We describe the synthesis and properties of such BINOL-based chiral MIMs, together with their use in further diastereoselective modifications, their application in asymmetric catalysis, and their use in stereoselective chemosensing. Given the growing importance of mechanically interlocked molecules and the key advantages of the privileged chiral BINOL backbone, we believe that this research area will continue to grow and deliver many useful applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krajnc
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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75
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Hoshino S, Ono K, Kawai H. Ring-Over-Ring Deslipping From Imine-Bridged Heterorotaxanes. Front Chem 2022; 10:885939. [PMID: 35592307 PMCID: PMC9110657 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.885939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring-over-ring slippage and ring-through-ring penetration are important processes in the construction of ring-in-ring multiple interlocked architectures. We have successfully observed “ring-over-ring deslipping” on the rotaxane axle by exploiting the dynamic covalent nature of imine bonds in imine-bridged heterorotaxanes R1 and R2 with two macrocycles of different ring sizes on the axle. When the imine bridges of R1 were cleaved, a hydrolyzed hetero[4]rotaxane [4]R1′ was formed as an intermediate under dynamic equilibrium, and the larger 38-membered macrocycle M was deslipped over the 24-membered ring (24C8 or DB24C8) to dissociate into a [3]rotaxane [3]R3 and a macrocycle M. The time dependent NMR measurement and the determined thermodynamic parameters revealed that the rate-limiting step of the deslipping process was attributed to steric hindrance between two rings and reduced mobility of M due to proximity to the crown ether, which was bound to the anilinium on the axle molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hidetoshi Kawai,
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76
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Bach NN, Josef V, Maid H, Dube H. Active Mechanical Threading by a Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201882. [PMID: 35146857 PMCID: PMC9314141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular motors transform external energy input into directional motions and offer exquisite precision for nano‐scale manipulations. To make full use of molecular motor capacities, their directional motions need to be transmitted and used for powering downstream molecular events. Here we present a macrocyclic molecular motor structure able to perform repetitive molecular threading of a flexible tetraethylene glycol chain through the macrocycle. This mechanical threading event is actively powered by the motor and leads to a direct translation of the unidirectional motor rotation into unidirectional translation motion (chain versus ring). The mechanism of the active mechanical threading is elucidated and the actual threading step is identified as a combined helix inversion and threading event. The established molecular machine function resembles the crucial step of macroscopic weaving or sewing processes and therefore offers a first entry point to a “molecular knitting” counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai N Bach
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Josef
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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77
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Dekhtyar ML. Brownian Photomotors Based on Organic Compounds: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-022-09726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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78
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Wang X, Quan M, Yao H, Pang XY, Ke H, Jiang W. Switchable bifunctional molecular recognition in water using a pH-responsive Endo-functionalized cavity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2291. [PMID: 35484144 PMCID: PMC9051166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of water-soluble synthetic hosts with a stimuli-responsive endo-functionalized cavity is challenging. These hosts feature a switchable cavity and may bring new properties to the fields of self-assembly, molecular machines, and biomedical sciences. Herein, we report a pair of water-soluble naphthotubes with a pH-responsive endo-functionalized cavity. The inward-directing secondary amine group of the hosts can be protonated and deprotonated. Thus, the hosts have different cavity features at the two states and show drastically different binding preference and selectivity in water. We reveal that the binding difference of the two host states is originated from the differences in charge repulsion, hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effects. Moreover, the guest binding can be easily switched in a ternary mixture with two guest molecules by adjusting the pH value of the solution. These pH-responsive hosts may be used for the construction of smart self-assembly systems and water-soluble molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mao Quan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Yu Pang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Ke
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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79
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Zhao LD, Yang X, Zhong X, zhuo Y. Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors Based on DNA Walkers. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200070. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Dan Zhao
- Southwest University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xia Yang
- Southwest University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xia Zhong
- Southwest University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - ying zhuo
- Southwest University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering No.2 Tiansheng RoadBeiBei District 400715 Chongqing CHINA
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80
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Bao L, Huang L, Guo H, Gao HJ. Construction and physical properties of low-dimensional structures for nanoscale electronic devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9082-9117. [PMID: 35383791 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05981e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, construction of nanoscale electronic devices with novel functionalities based on low-dimensional structures, such as single molecules and two-dimensional (2D) materials, has been rapidly developed. To investigate their intrinsic properties for versatile functionalities of nanoscale electronic devices, it is crucial to precisely control the structures and understand the physical properties of low-dimensional structures at the single atomic level. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the construction of nanoelectronic devices based on single molecules and 2D materials and the investigation of their physical properties. For single molecules, we focus on the construction of single-molecule devices, such as molecular motors and molecular switches, by precisely controlling their self-assembled structures on metal substrates and charge transport properties. For 2D materials, we emphasize their spin-related electrical transport properties for spintronic device applications and the role that interfaces among 2D semiconductors, contact electrodes, and dielectric substrates play in the electrical performance of electronic, optoelectronic, and memory devices. Finally, we discuss the future research direction in this field, where we can expect a scientific breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Bao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
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81
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Photogearing as a concept for translation of precise motions at the nanoscale. Nat Chem 2022; 14:670-676. [PMID: 35437331 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges for harnessing the true potential of functional nano-machinery is integrating and transmitting motion with great precision. Molecular gearing systems enable the integration of multiple motions in a correlated fashion to translate motions from one locality to another and to change their speed and direction. However, currently no powerful methods exist to implement active driving of gearing motions at the molecular scale. Here we present a light-fuelled molecular gearing system and demonstrate its superiority over passive thermally activated gearing. Translation of a 180° rotation into a 120° rotation is achieved while at the same time the direction of the rotation axis is shifted by 120°. Within such photogearing processes, precise motions at the nanoscale can be changed in direction and decelerated in a manner similar to macroscopic bevel-gear operations in an energy consuming way-a necessary prerequisite to employ gearing as an active component in future mechanical nano-systems.
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82
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Chen ZJ, Lu HF, Chao I, Yang JS. A Rotation-Inversion Dual-Motion Molecular Switch: Race for NMR Signaling. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5029-5034. [PMID: 35321542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between the thermal helical inversion (THI) of the stiff-stilbene moiety and the rotation of the dimethylamino (DMA) group in 1 results in a dependence of the DMA NMR signals on the THI kinetics in (E)-1 but the rotation kinetics in (Z)-1, because the faster motion mode is responsible. Consequently, the photochemical switching from (E)-1 to (Z)-1 illustrates the phenomenon of "switchable motion detection" by the same set of NMR signals in a dual-motion molecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
| | - Hsiu-Feng Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
| | - Ito Chao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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83
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Li C, Requist R, Gross EKU. Energy, Momentum, and Angular Momentum Transfer between Electrons and Nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:113001. [PMID: 35363015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed exact factorization approach condenses all electronic effects on the nuclear subsystem into scalar and vector potentials that appear in an effective time dependent Schrödinger equation. Starting from this equation, we derive subsystem Ehrenfest identities characterizing the energy, momentum, and angular momentum transfer between electrons and nuclei. An effective electromagnetic force operator induced by the electromagnetic field corresponding to the effective scalar and vector potentials appears in all three identities. The effective magnetic field has two components that can be identified with the Berry curvature calculated with (a) different Cartesian coordinates of the same nucleus and (b) arbitrary Cartesian coordinates of two different nuclei. (a) has a classical interpretation as the induced magnetic field felt by the nucleus, while (b) has no classical analog. Subsystem Ehrenfest identities are ideally suited for quantifying energy transfer in electron-phonon systems. With two explicit examples we demonstrate the usefulness of the new identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ryan Requist
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - E K U Gross
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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84
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Amano S, Esposito M, Kreidt E, Leigh DA, Penocchio E, Roberts BMW. Insights from an information thermodynamics analysis of a synthetic molecular motor. Nat Chem 2022; 14:530-537. [PMID: 35301472 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Information is physical, a realization that has transformed the physics of measurement and communication. However, the flow between information, energy and mechanics in chemical systems remains largely unexplored. Here we analyse a minimalist autonomous chemically driven molecular motor in terms of information thermodynamics, a framework that quantitatively relates information to other thermodynamic parameters. The treatment reveals how directional motion is generated by free energy transfer from chemical to mechanical (conformational and/or co-conformational) processes by 'energy flow' and 'information flow'. It provides a thermodynamic level of understanding of molecular motors that is general, complements previous analyses based on kinetics and has practical implications for machine design. In line with kinetic analysis, we find that power strokes do not affect the directionality of chemically driven machines. However, we find that power strokes can modulate motor velocity, the efficiency of free energy transfer and the number of fuel molecules consumed per cycle. This may help explain the role of such (co-)conformational changes in biomachines and illustrates the interplay between energy and information in chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Amano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Massimiliano Esposito
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Kreidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Emanuele Penocchio
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
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85
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Breoni D, Blossey R, Löwen H. Brownian particles driven by spatially periodic noise. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:18. [PMID: 35230521 PMCID: PMC8888531 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the dynamics of a Brownian particle under the influence of a spatially periodic noise strength in one dimension using analytical theory and computer simulations. In the absence of a deterministic force, the Langevin equation can be integrated formally exactly. We determine the short- and long-time behaviour of the mean displacement (MD) and mean-squared displacement (MSD). In particular, we find a very slow dynamics for the mean displacement, scaling as [Formula: see text] with time t. Placed under an additional external periodic force near the critical tilt value we compute the stationary current obtained from the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation and identify an essential singularity if the minimum of the noise strength is zero. Finally, in order to further elucidate the effect of the random periodic driving on the diffusion process, we introduce a phase factor in the spatial noise with respect to the external periodic force and identify the value of the phase shift for which the random force exerts its strongest effect on the long-time drift velocity and diffusion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Breoni
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich, Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ralf Blossey
- University of Lille, UGSF CNRS UMR8576, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich, Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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86
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Baranwal J, Barse B, Fais A, Delogu GL, Kumar A. Biopolymer: A Sustainable Material for Food and Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050983. [PMID: 35267803 PMCID: PMC8912672 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers are a leading class of functional material suitable for high-value applications and are of great interest to researchers and professionals across various disciplines. Interdisciplinary research is important to understand the basic and applied aspects of biopolymers to address several complex problems associated with good health and well-being. To reduce the environmental impact and dependence on fossil fuels, a lot of effort has gone into replacing synthetic polymers with biodegradable materials, especially those derived from natural resources. In this regard, many types of natural or biopolymers have been developed to meet the needs of ever-expanding applications. These biopolymers are currently used in food applications and are expanding their use in the pharmaceutical and medical industries due to their unique properties. This review focuses on the various uses of biopolymers in the food and medical industry and provides a future outlook for the biopolymer industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Baranwal
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (J.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Brajesh Barse
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (J.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.F.); (G.L.D.)
| | - Giovanna Lucia Delogu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.F.); (G.L.D.)
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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87
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Bach NN, Josef V, Maid H, Dube H. Active Mechanical Threading by a Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai N. Bach
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Verena Josef
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Harald Maid
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen GERMANY
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88
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Coutrot F, Waelès P, Gauthier M. Study of [2] and [3]Rotaxanes Obtained by Post‐Synthetic Aminolysis of a Kinetically Stable Though Activated Carbonate‐Containing Pseudorotaxane. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coutrot
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Département de Chimie Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Philip Waelès
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron chimie FRANCE
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89
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Hisano N, Haino T. Host-Guest Complexation of Bisporphyrin Cleft and Electron-Deficient Aromatic Guests. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4001-4009. [PMID: 35085436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The host-guest complexation of a bisporphyrin cleft with various electron-deficient guest molecules was studied in solution and in the solid-state. X-ray crystal structures of a bisporphyrin cleft with naphthalene dianhydride and 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone reveal that these guest molecules were located within the bisporphyrin cleft and formed ideal π-π stacking interactions in a host-guest ratio of 1:1. Isothermal titration calorimetry determined the binding constants and thermodynamic parameters for the 1:1 host-guest complexations in 1,2-dichloroethane and toluene. Two types of enthalpy-entropy compensation effects were found: (1) The tightly stacked host-guest structures restrict guest movement within the cleft, which results in significant desolvation with large intrinsic entropies. (2) The loosely bound guests maintain their molecular freedom within the bisporphyrin cleft, which leads to less desolvation with small intrinsic entropies. Chiral guest encapsulation directed the clockwise and anticlockwise twisted conformations of the bisporphyrin units, which induced bisignate CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hisano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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90
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Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Agudo-Canalejo J, Griesinger C, Golestanian R. Molecular Diffusivity of Click Reaction Components: The Diffusion Enhancement Question. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1380-1388. [PMID: 35078321 PMCID: PMC8796239 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized objects are widely known to exhibit chemically driven motility in systems away from equilibrium. Experimental observation of reaction-induced motility or enhancement in diffusivity at the much shorter length scale of small molecules is, however, still a matter of debate. Here, we investigate the molecular diffusivity of reactants, catalyst, and product of a model reaction, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click reaction, and develop new NMR diffusion approaches that allow the probing of reaction-induced diffusion enhancement in nanosized molecular systems with higher accuracy than the state of the art. Following two different approaches that enable the accounting of time-dependent concentration changes during NMR experiments, we closely monitored the diffusion coefficient of reaction components during the reaction. The reaction components showed distinct changes in the diffusivity: while the two reactants underwent a time-dependent decrease in their diffusivity, the diffusion coefficient of the product gradually increased and the catalyst showed only slight diffusion enhancement within the range expected for reaction-induced sample heating. The decrease in diffusion coefficient of the alkyne, one of the two reactants of click reaction, was not reproduced during its copper coordination when the second reactant, azide, was absent. Our results do not support the catalysis-induced diffusion enhancement of the components of the click reaction and, instead, point to the role of a relatively large intermediate species within the reaction cycle with diffusivity lower than that of both the reactants and product molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Rezaei-Ghaleh
- Department
of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck
Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institut
für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität
Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jaime Agudo-Canalejo
- Department
of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department
of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck
Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramin Golestanian
- Department
of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Rudolf
Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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91
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Tsunashima R, Fujikawa N, Shiga M, Miyagawa S, Ohno S, Masuya-Suzuki A, Akutagawa T, Takahashi K, Nakamura T, Nishihara S. Slider-crank mechanism in a molecular crystal: conversion of linear thermal expansion of a lattice to circular rotation of a coordination chain. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Slider-crank like force conversion of linear thermal expansion to rotational motion of the coordination chains were observed in the molecular crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tsunashima
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
- Chemistry Cource, Fuculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Naomi Fujikawa
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Misaki Shiga
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Sayu Miyagawa
- Chemistry Cource, Fuculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Shiori Ohno
- Chemistry Cource, Fuculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Atsuko Masuya-Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
- Chemistry Cource, Fuculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Takahashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakamura
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Nishihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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92
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Ju H, Kim S, Jung JH, Lee SS. A series of entangled MOFs constructed from flexible dipyridyl piperazine and rigid dicarboxylate: interpenetration, self-penetration, and polycatenation. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00745b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By employing a flexible dipyridyl piperazine and a rigid linear dicarboxylate, four MOFs with different entangled structures involving a 3D inclined polycatenane and a 3D self-penetrated framework incorporating cyclic [3]catenane were isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyeong Ju
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Shim Sung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
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93
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Payne DT, Labuta J, Futera Z, Březina V, Hanyková L, Chahal MK, Hill JP. Molecular rotor based on an oxidized resorcinarene. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rate of rotation of substituents in a molecular single stator-double rotor based on an oxidized resorcinarene with unsaturated hemiquinonoid groups at its meso positions (i.e., a fuchsonarene) has been controlled according to solvent polarity and acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Payne
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Labuta
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Zdeněk Futera
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Březina
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hanyková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Mandeep K. Chahal
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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94
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Chen S, Su D, Jia C, Li Y, Li X, Guo X, Leigh DA, Zhang L. Real-time observation of the dynamics of an individual rotaxane molecular shuttle using a single-molecule junction. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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95
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Yu SS, Xu CY, Pan X, Pan XQ, Duan HB, Zhang H. Multifunctional Chiral Three-Dimensional Phosphite Frameworks Showing Dielectric Anomaly and High Proton Conductivity. Front Chem 2021; 9:778687. [PMID: 34957046 PMCID: PMC8695548 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.778687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chair 3D Co(II) phosphite frameworks have been prepared by the ionothermal method. It belongs to chiral space group P3221, and the whole framework can be topologically represented as a chiral 4-connected qtz net. It shows a multistep dielectric response arising from the reorientation of Me2-DABCO in the chiral cavities. It can also serve as a pron conductor with high conductivity, 1.71 × 10-3 S cm-1, at room temperature, which is attributed to the formation of denser hydrogen-bonding networks providing efficient proton-transfer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Yu
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Y Xu
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Pan
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Q Pan
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - H B Duan
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
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96
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Gauthier M, Coutrot F. Weinreb Amide, Ketone and Amine as Potential and Competitive Secondary Molecular Stations for Dibenzo-[24]Crown-8 in [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles. Chemistry 2021; 27:17576-17580. [PMID: 34738683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and study of new pH-sensitive DB24C8-based [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles that contain within their axle four potential sites of interaction for the DB24C8: ammonium, amine, Weinreb amide, and ketone. In the protonated state, the DB24C8 lay around the best ammonium site. After either deprotonation or deprotonation-then-carbamoylation of the ammonium, different localizations of the DB24C8 were seen, depending on both the number and nature of the secondary stations and steric restriction. Unexpectedly, the results indicated that the Weinreb amide was not a proper secondary molecular station for the DB24C8. Nevertheless, through its methoxy side chain, it slowed down the shuttling of the macrocycle along the threaded axle, thereby partitioning the [2]rotaxane into two translational isomers on the NMR timescale. The ketone was successfully used as a secondary molecular station, and its weak affinity for the DB24C8 was similar to that of a secondary amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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97
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Fillbrook LL, Günther JP, Majer G, O'Leary DJ, Price WS, Van Ryswyk H, Fischer P, Beves JE. Following Molecular Mobility during Chemical Reactions: No Evidence for Active Propulsion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20884-20890. [PMID: 34856103 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The reported changes in self-diffusion of small molecules during reactions have been attributed to "boosted mobility". We demonstrate the critical role of changing concentrations of paramagnetic ions on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal intensities, which led to erroneous measurements of diffusion coefficients. We present simple methods to overcome this problem. The use of shuffled gradient amplitudes allows accurate diffusion NMR measurements, even with time-dependent relaxation rates caused by changing concentrations of paramagnetic ions. The addition of a paramagnetic relaxation agent allows accurate determination of both diffusion coefficients and reaction kinetics during a single experiment. We analyze a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction, for which boosted mobility has been claimed. With our methods, we accurately measure the diffusive behavior of the solvent, starting materials, and product and find no global increase in diffusion coefficients during the reaction. We overcome NMR signal overlap using an alternative reducing agent to improve the accuracy of the diffusion measurements. The alkyne reactant diffuses slower as the reaction proceeds due to binding to the copper catalyst during the catalytic cycle. The formation of this intermediate was confirmed by complementary NMR techniques and density functional theory calculations. Our work calls into question recent claims that molecules actively propel or swim during reactions and establishes that time-resolved diffusion NMR measurements can provide valuable insight into reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan-Philipp Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter Majer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel J O'Leary
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Ave., Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - William S Price
- Nanoscale Group, School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Hal Van Ryswyk
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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98
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Yang S, Zhan X, Tang X, Zhao S, Yu L, Gao M, Luo D, Wang Y, Chang K, Chen M. A multiplexed circulating tumor DNA detection platform engineered from 3D-coded interlocked DNA rings. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:68-78. [PMID: 34901530 PMCID: PMC8637011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a critical biomarker not only important for the early detection of tumors but also invaluable for personalized treatments. Currently ctDNA detection relies on sequencing. Here, a platform termed three-dimensional-coded interlocked DNA rings (3D-coded ID rings) was created for multiplexed ctDNA identification. The ID rings provide a ctDNA recognition ring that is physically interlocked with a reporter ring. The specific binding of ctDNA to the recognition ring initiates target-responsive cutting via a restriction endonuclease; the cutting then triggers rolling circle amplification on the reporter ring. The signals are further integrated with internal 3D codes for multiplexed readouts. ctDNAs from non-invasive clinical specimens including plasma, feces, and urine were detected and validated at a sensitivity much higher than those obtained through sequencing. This 3D-coded ID ring platform can detect any multiple DNA fragments simultaneously without sequencing. We envision that our platform will facilitate the implementation of future personalized/precision medicine. A platform termed 3D-coded ID rings was created for multiplexed ctDNA detection. This platform was integrated with two schemes: the ID ring scheme and the 3D-coded scheme. The platform could achieve multiplexed detection with detection limit of 500 copies per million in non-invasive specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xinyu Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lianyu Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingxuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-5701, USA
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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99
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Andreoni L, Baroncini M, Groppi J, Silvi S, Taticchi C, Credi A. Photochemical Energy Conversion with Artificial Molecular Machines. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2021; 35:18900-18914. [PMID: 34887620 PMCID: PMC8647081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of sunlight as a clean, renewable, and distributed energy source is key to facing the energetic demand of modern society in a sustainable and affordable fashion. In the past few decades, chemists have learned to make molecular machines, that is, synthetic chemical systems in which energy inputs cause controlled movements of molecular components that could be used to perform a task. A variety of artificial molecular machines operated by light have been constructed by implementing photochemical processes within appropriately designed (supra)molecular assemblies. These studies could open up new routes for the realization of nanostructured devices and materials capable to harness, convert, and store light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Andreoni
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Taticchi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Synergistic regulation of nonbinary molecular switches by protonation and light. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112973118. [PMID: 34789566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112973118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a molecular switching ensemble whose states may be regulated in synergistic fashion by both protonation and photoirradiation. This allows hierarchical control in both a kinetic and thermodynamic sense. These pseudorotaxane-based molecular devices exploit the so-called Texas-sized molecular box (cyclo[2]-(2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene); 14+, studied as its tetrakis-PF6 - salt) as the wheel component. Anions of azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (2H+•2) or 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid (2H+•3) serve as the threading rod elements. The various forms of 2 and 3 (neutral, monoprotonated, and diprotonated) interact differently with 14+, as do the photoinduced cis or trans forms of these classic photoactive guests. The net result is a multimodal molecular switch that can be regulated in synergistic fashion through protonation/deprotonation and photoirradiation. The degree of guest protonation is the dominating control factor, with light acting as a secondary regulatory stimulus. The present dual input strategy provides a complement to more traditional orthogonal stimulus-based approaches to molecular switching and allows for the creation of nonbinary stimulus-responsive functional materials.
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