51
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Haskali MB, Pike VW. [ 11 C]Fluoroform, a Breakthrough for Versatile Labeling of PET Radiotracer Trifluoromethyl Groups in High Molar Activity. Chemistry 2017; 23:8156-8160. [PMID: 28514059 PMCID: PMC5801743 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emission tomography (PET) is an immensely important imaging modality in biomedical research and drug development but must use selective radiotracers to achieve biochemical specificity. Such radiotracers are usually labeled with carbon-11 (t1/2 =20 min) or fluorine-18 (t1/2 =110 min), but these are only available from cyclotrons in a few simple chemical forms. [18 F]Fluoroform has emerged for labeling tracers in trifluoromethyl groups but is severely limited in utility by low radioactivity per mass (low molar activity). Here, the synthesis of [11 C]fluoroform is described, based on CoF3 -mediated fluorination of cyclotron-produced [11 C]methane. This process is efficient and repetitively reliable. [11 C]Fluoroform shows versatility for labeling small molecules in very high molar activity (>200 GBq μmol-1 ), far exceeding that possible by using [18 F]fluoroform. Therefore, [11 C]fluoroform represents a major breakthrough for labeling prospective PET tracers in trifluoromethyl groups at high molar activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B Haskali
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
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52
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Hong J, Huo L, Yang Y, Wang G, Zheng C. Copper-Promoted One-Pot Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic Amines with Togni′s Reagent. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Hong
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianguang Huo
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Guifu Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Changge Zheng
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry Engineering; Xinjiang Agricultural University; 311 Nongda East Road Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830052 People's Republic of China
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53
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van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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54
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Zhang L, Fang Y, Jin X, Xu H, Li R, Wu H, Chen B, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Tian Z. Pd-Catalysed Suzuki coupling of α-bromoethenylphosphonates with organotrifluoroborates: a general protocol for the synthesis of terminal α-substituted vinylphosphonates. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8985-8989. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
No concern will arise in the preparation of terminal α-substituted vinylphosphonates employing our general and practical protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Housan Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Zongming Tian
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- Ningbo 315100
- China
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55
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Gómez AB, Cortés González MA, Lübcke M, Johansson MJ, Halldin C, Szabó KJ, Schou M. Efficient DBU accelerated synthesis of 18F-labelled trifluoroacetamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13963-13966. [PMID: 27844069 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08535k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic 18F-fluorination of bromodifluoromethyl derivatives was performed using [18F]Bu4NF in the presence of DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene). This novel procedure provided a diverse set of [18F]trifluoroacetamides in good to excellent radiochemical conversions. A mechanism where DBU acts as organomediator in this transformation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bermejo Gómez
- AstraZeneca Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, PET Centre at Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, R5:02, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. and Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miguel A Cortés González
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marvin Lübcke
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Johansson
- CVMD iMed, Medicinal Chemistry AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kálmán J Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- AstraZeneca Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, PET Centre at Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, R5:02, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. and Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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56
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Mossine AV, Thompson S, Brooks AF, Sowa AR, Miller JM, Scott PJH. Fluorine-18 patents (2009-2015). Part 2: new radiochemistry. Pharm Pat Anal 2016; 5:319-49. [PMID: 27610753 PMCID: PMC5138992 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2016-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 ((18)F) is one of the most common positron-emitting radionuclides used in the synthesis of positron emission tomography radiotracers due to its ready availability, convenient half-life and outstanding imaging properties. In Part 1 of this review, we presented the first analysis of patents issued for novel radiotracers labeled with fluorine-18. In Part 2, we follow-up with a focus on patents issued for new radiochemistry methodology using fluorine-18 issued between January 2009 and December 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Thompson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexandra R Sowa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason M Miller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter JH Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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57
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Shi H, Braun A, Wang L, Liang SH, Vasdev N, Ritter T. Synthesis of (18) F-Difluoromethylarenes from Aryl (Pseudo) Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10786-90. [PMID: 27491349 PMCID: PMC5189681 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of [(18) F]difluoromethylarenes from [(18) F]fluoride for radiopharmaceutical discovery is reported. The method is practical, operationally simple, tolerates a wide scope of functional groups, and enables the labeling of a variety of arenes and heteroarenes with radiochemical yields (RCYs, not decay-corrected) from 10 to 60 %. The (18) F-fluorination precursors are readily prepared from aryl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and triflates. Seven (18) F-difluoromethylarene drug analogues and radiopharmaceuticals including Claritin, fluoxetine (Prozac), and [(18) F]DAA1106 were synthesized to show the potential of the method for applications in PET radiopharmaceutical design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Augustin Braun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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58
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Shi H, Braun A, Wang L, Liang SH, Vasdev N, Ritter T. Synthesis of 18
F-Difluoromethylarenes from Aryl (Pseudo) Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Augustin Braun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Radiology; Harvard Medical School; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Radiology; Harvard Medical School; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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59
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60
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Preshlock S, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. (18)F-Labeling of Arenes and Heteroarenes for Applications in Positron Emission Tomography. Chem Rev 2016; 116:719-66. [PMID: 26751274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diverse radiochemistry is an essential component of nuclear medicine; this includes imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). As such, PET can track diseases at an early stage of development, help patient care planning through personalized medicine and support drug discovery programs. Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in PET radiopharmaceuticals for both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.8 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy) and high specific activity make it an attractive nuclide for labeling and molecular imaging. Arenes and heteroarenes are privileged candidates for (18)F-incorporation as they are metabolically robust and therefore widely used by medicinal chemists and radiochemists alike. For many years, the range of (hetero)arenes amenable to (18)F-fluorination was limited by the lack of chemically diverse precursors, and of radiochemical methods allowing (18)F-incorporation in high selectivity and efficiency (radiochemical yield and purity, specific activity, and radio-scalability). The appearance of late-stage fluorination reactions catalyzed by transition metal or small organic molecules (organocatalysis) has encouraged much research on the use of these activation manifolds for (18)F-fluorination. In this piece, we review all of the reactions known to date to install the (18)F substituent and other key (18)F-motifs (e.g., CF3, CHF2, OCF3, SCF3, OCHF2) of medicinal relevance onto (hetero)arenes. The field has changed significantly in the past five years, and the current trend suggests that the radiochemical space available for PET applications will expand rapidly in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Preshlock
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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61
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Naumiec GR, Jenko KJ, Zoghbi SS, Innis RB, Cai L, Pike VW. N'-3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl Derivatives of N-Aryl-N'-methylguanidines as Prospective PET Radioligands for the Open Channel of the N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor: Synthesis and Structure-Affinity Relationships. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9722-30. [PMID: 26588360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor dysfunction has been linked to several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. A radioligand that could be used with PET to image and quantify human brain NMDA receptors in the activated "open channel" state would be useful for research on such disorders and for the development of novel therapies. To date, no radioligands have shown well-validated efficacy for imaging NMDA receptors in human subjects. In order to discover improved radioligands for PET imaging, we explored structure-affinity relationships in N'-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl derivatives of N-aryl-N'-methylguanidines, seeking high affinity and moderate lipophilicity, plus necessary amenability for labeling with a positron-emitter, either carbon-11 or fluorine-18. Among a diverse set of 80 prepared N'-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl derivatives, four of these compounds (13, 19, 20, and 36) displayed desirable low nanomolar affinity for inhibition of [(3)H](+)-MK801 at the PCP binding site and are of interest for candidate PET radioligand development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Naumiec
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Kimberley J Jenko
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
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62
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Yang JY, Xu XH, Qing FL. Copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of diaryliodonium salts with TMSCF3 at room temperature. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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63
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Zheng J, Wang L, Lin JH, Xiao JC, Liang SH. Difluorocarbene-Derived Trifluoromethylthiolation and [(18)F]Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aliphatic Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13236-40. [PMID: 26387796 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The first trifluoromethylthiolation and [(18)F]trifluoromethylthiolation of alkyl electrophiles with in situ generated difluorocarbene in the presence of elemental sulfur and external (radioactive) fluoride ion is described. This transition-metal-free approach is high yielding, compatible with a variety of functional groups, and operated under mild reaction conditions. The conceptual advantage of this exogenous-fluoride-mediated transformation enables unprecedented syntheses of [(18)F]CF3S-labeled molecules from most commonly used [(18)F]fluoride ions. The rapid radiochemical reaction time (≤1 min) and high functional-group tolerance allow access to a variety of aliphatic [(18)F]CF3S compounds in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston, MA (USA)
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China).
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston, MA (USA).
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64
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Zheng J, Wang L, Lin J, Xiao J, Liang SH. Difluorocarbene‐Derived Trifluoromethylthiolation and [
18
F]Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aliphatic Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston, MA (USA)
| | - Jin‐Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Ji‐Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston, MA (USA)
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65
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Khotavivattana T, Verhoog S, Tredwell M, Pfeifer L, Calderwood S, Wheelhouse K, Lee Collier T, Gouverneur V. (18)F-Labeling of Aryl-SCF3, -OCF3 and -OCHF2 with [(18)F]Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9991-5. [PMID: 26140357 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report that halogenophilic silver(I) triflate permits halogen exchange (halex) nucleophilic (18)F-fluorination of aryl-OCHFCl, -OCF2Br and -SCF2Br precursors under mild conditions. This Ag(I)-mediated process allows for the first time access to a range of (18)F-labeled aryl-OCHF2, -OCF3 and -SCF3 derivatives, inclusive of [(18)F]riluzole. The (18)F-labeling of these medicinally important motifs expands the radiochemical space available for PET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Samuel Calderwood
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Katherine Wheelhouse
- Medicines Discovery & Development, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY (UK)
| | | | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK).
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66
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Khotavivattana T, Verhoog S, Tredwell M, Pfeifer L, Calderwood S, Wheelhouse K, Lee Collier T, Gouverneur V. 18F-Labeling of Aryl-SCF3, -OCF3and -OCHF2with [18F]Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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67
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Abstract
Fluoroorganic compounds have attracted significant attention in various fields, such as pharmaceutical, agricultural chemistry, and materials science, as a result of their unique physical, chemical, and physiological properties. Consequently, extensive efforts have been devoted to the site-specific synthesis of organofluorine compounds. In recent years, transition-metal-mediated C-F bond formation has emerged as a powerful method for fabrication of these compounds. this Perspective mainly focuses on the most recent advances in transition-metal-assisted synthesis of alkyl fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China350108.
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Briard E, Rudolph B, Desrayaud S, Krauser JA, Auberson YP. MS565: A SPECT Tracer for Evaluating the Brain Penetration of BAF312 (Siponimod). ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1008-18. [PMID: 25924727 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BAF312 (siponimod) is a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator in clinical development for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, with faster organ/tissue distribution and elimination kinetics than its precursor FTY720 (fingolimod). Our aim was to develop a tracer to better quantify the penetration of BAF312 in the human brain, with the potential to be labeled for positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Although the PET radioisotopes (11)C and (18)F could have been introduced in BAF312 without modifying its structure, they do not have decay kinetics compatible with the time required for observing the drug's organ distribution in patients. In contrast, the SPECT radioisotope (123) I has a longer half-life and would suit this purpose. Herein we report the identification of an iodinated derivative of BAF312, (E)-1-(4-(1-(((4-cyclohexyl-3-iodobenzyl)oxy)imino)ethyl)-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (18, MS565), as a SPECT tracer candidate with affinity, S1P receptor selectivity, overall physicochemical properties, and blood pharmacokinetics similar to those of the original molecule. A whole-body autoradiography study performed with [(14)C]MS565 subsequently confirmed that its organ distribution is similar to that of BAF312. This validates the selection of MS565 for (123)I radiolabeling and for use in imaging studies to quantify the brain penetration of BAF312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Briard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, 4057 Basel (Switzerland).
| | - Bettina Rudolph
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Sandrine Desrayaud
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics (MAP), 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Joel A Krauser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Yves P Auberson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, 4057 Basel (Switzerland).
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69
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Huang X, Liu W, Hooker JM, Groves JT. Targeted Fluorination with the Fluoride Ion by Manganese-Catalyzed Decarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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70
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Huang X, Liu W, Hooker JM, Groves JT. Targeted fluorination with the fluoride ion by manganese-catalyzed decarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5241-5. [PMID: 25736895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first catalytic decarboxylative fluorination reaction based on the nucleophilic fluoride ion. The reported method allows the facile replacement of various aliphatic carboxylic acid groups with fluorine. Moreover, the potential of this method for PET imaging has been demonstrated by the successful (18) F labeling of a variety of carboxylic acids with radiochemical conversions up to 50 %, representing a targeted decarboxylative (18) F labeling method with no-carrier-added [(18) F]fluoride. Mechanistic probes suggest that the reaction proceeds through the interaction of the manganese catalyst with iodine(III) carboxylates formed in situ from iodosylbenzene and the carboxylic acid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 (USA)
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71
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Zheng J, Lin JH, Deng XY, Xiao JC. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-Promoted Decomposition of Difluorocarbene and the Subsequent Trifluoromethylation. Org Lett 2015; 17:532-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503548s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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72
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Deng XY, Lin JH, Zheng J, Xiao JC. Difluoromethylation and gem-difluorocyclopropenation with difluorocarbene generated by decarboxylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8805-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Difluoromethylation of the activated X–H bond and aliphatic thiols, and gem-difluorocyclopropenation of alkynes with difluorocarbene generated by decarboxylation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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73
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Brooks AF, Topczewski JJ, Ichiishi N, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Late-stage [ 18F]Fluorination: New Solutions to Old Problems. Chem Sci 2014; 5:4545-4553. [PMID: 25379166 PMCID: PMC4217215 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The last 2-3 years have seen numerous relationships develop between organometallic chemists, fluorine chemists and PET Centers around the world. These collaborations have led to the development of many new strategies for the late-stage introduction of fluorine-18 into complex bioactive molecules. In this perspective we highlight recent developments and key milestones since 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen F. Brooks
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | | | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | | | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI, USA
- The Interdepartmental Program in Medicinal Chemistry The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
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74
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Ilchenko NO, Tasch BOA, Szabó KJ. Mild silver-mediated geminal difluorination of styrenes using an air- and moisture-stable fluoroiodane reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12897-901. [PMID: 25335468 PMCID: PMC4501311 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An air- and moisture-stable fluoroiodane in the presence of AgBF4 is suitable for selective geminal difluorination of styrenes under mild reaction conditions. One of the CF bonds is formed by transfer of electrophilic fluorine from the hypervalent iodine reagent, while the other one arises from the tetrafluoroborate counterion of silver. Deuterium-isotope-labelling experiments and rearrangement of methyl styrene substrates suggest that the reaction proceeds through a phenonium ion intermediate.
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Ilchenko NO, Tasch BOA, Szabó KJ. Mild Silver-Mediated Geminal Difluorination of Styrenes Using an Air- and Moisture-Stable Fluoroiodane Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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