51
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Abstract
Among organic compounds hydrocarbons are inexpensive and possibly the most abundant among natural resources. Developing strategies for selective functionalisation of inert hydrocarbon C-H bonds is one of the most ideal synthetic paths that a synthetic chemist could think of. This critical review focuses on the recent development of various directed and non-directed cycloalkylations leading to the formation of carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds. Apart from various transition metal catalysed cycloalkylations, this review also covers various metal-free cycloalkylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
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52
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Etemadi-Davan E, Iranpoor N, Arshad P. Nickel and Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reaction of Organoboranes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Etemadi-Davan
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Shiraz University; Shiraz 7194684795 Iran
| | - Nasser Iranpoor
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Shiraz University; Shiraz 7194684795 Iran
| | - Pourya Arshad
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Shiraz University; Shiraz 7194684795 Iran
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53
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Abstract
The main achievements on non-noble metal (Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni) catalysed carbonylative transformations have been summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Yuya Hu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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54
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Wu J, Zhou Y, Wu T, Zhou Y, Chiang CW, Lei A. From Ketones, Amines, and Carbon Monoxide to 4-Quinolones: Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation. Org Lett 2017; 19:6432-6435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wu
- The Institute for
Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- The Institute for
Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wu
- The Institute for
Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Institute for
Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- The Institute for
Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for
Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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55
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Wang Z, Yin Z, Wu XF. Pd/C-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides with Anthranils in Water Using Mo(CO)6
as the CO Source. Chemistry 2017; 23:15026-15029. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zechao Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Zhiping Yin
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
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56
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Zeng L, Tang S, Wang D, Deng Y, Chen JL, Lee JF, Lei A. Cobalt-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C(sp3)–H/N–H Carbonylation of Aliphatic Amides. Org Lett 2017; 19:2170-2173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shan Tang
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Deng
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron
Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron
Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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57
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Li Y, Wang C, Zhu F, Wang Z, Dixneuf PH, Wu XF. Copper-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkanes with Alcohols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:1341-1345. [PMID: 27897401 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Esters are important chemicals widely used in various areas, and alkoxycarbonylation represents one of the most powerful tools for their synthesis. In this communication, a new copper-catalyzed carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of aliphatic esters from cycloalkanes and alcohols was developed. Through direct activation of the Csp3 -H bond of alkanes and with alcohols as the nucleophiles, the desired esters were prepared in moderate-to-good yields. Paraformaldehyde could also be applied for in situ alcohol generation by radical trapping, and moderate yields of the corresponding esters could be produced. Notably, this is the first report on copper-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Changsheng Wang
- Catalyse et Organométalliques, Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226-CNRS-Université de Rennes, Av. Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Fengxiang Zhu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Zechao Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pierre H Dixneuf
- Catalyse et Organométalliques, Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226-CNRS-Université de Rennes, Av. Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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58
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Zhang Y, Dong J, Liu L, Liu L, Zhou Y, Yin SF. Manganese(iii) acetate catalyzed oxidative amination of benzylic C(sp 3)-H bonds with nitriles. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2897-2901. [PMID: 28304070 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mn-Catalyzed oxidative amination of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds with nitriles is disclosed, which enables the synthesis of a broad range of secondary amides in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. The interaction between Mn(iii) and DDQ facilitates the oxidation and makes it highly efficient and selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
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59
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Li Y, Zhu F, Wang Z, Rabeah J, Brückner A, Wu XF. Practical and General Manganese-Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Alkyl Iodides with Amides. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Fengxiang Zhu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Zechao Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Angelika Brückner
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
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60
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Teng F, Cheng J. Functionalization of Cyclohexane Derivatives via Oxidative Radical Pathway. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Teng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
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61
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Hu M, Guo LY, Han Y, Tan FL, Song RJ, Li JH. Intermolecular cascade annulations of N-(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides with dual C(sp3)–H bonds: divergent access to indanes and pyrrolidin-2-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6081-6084. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new divergent cascade annulation reaction of N-(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides and dual alkyl C(sp3)–H bonds for selectively producing indanes and pyrrolidin-2-ones is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
| | - Ling-Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
| | - Ying Han
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Fang-Lin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
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62
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Li Y, Wang C, Zhu F, Wang Z, François Soulé J, Dixneuf PH, Wu XF. An unexpected copper-catalyzed carbonylative acetylation of amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:142-144. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel copper-catalyzed carbonylative acetylation of amines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Changsheng Wang
- Catalyse et Organométalliques
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226-CNRS-Université de Rennes
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Fengxiang Zhu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Zechao Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Jean François Soulé
- Catalyse et Organométalliques
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226-CNRS-Université de Rennes
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Pierre H. Dixneuf
- Catalyse et Organométalliques
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226-CNRS-Université de Rennes
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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63
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Lu L, Cheng D, Zhan Y, Shi R, Chiang CW, Lei A. Metal-free radical oxidative alkoxycarbonylation and imidation of alkanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6852-6855. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03671j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The metal-free radical oxidative carbonylation of alkanes proceeded to give the corresponding esters and imides in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Renyi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
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64
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Shen C, Fink C, Laurenczy G, Dyson PJ, Wu XF. Versatile palladium-catalyzed double carbonylation of aryl bromides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12422-12425. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A versatile palladium-catalyzed double carbonylation of aryl bromides has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoren Shen
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Cornel Fink
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Gabor Laurenczy
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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65
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Zheng M, Xue W, Xue T, Gong H. Ester Formation via Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Chloroformates. Org Lett 2016; 18:6152-6155. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Center
for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Weichao Xue
- Center
for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Teng Xue
- Center
for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center
for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shanghai
Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239
Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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66
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Hernando E, Villalva J, Martínez ÁM, Alonso I, Rodríguez N, Gómez Arrayás R, Carretero JC. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of Amines via γ-C(sp3)–H Activation: Late-Stage Diversification of Amino Acids and Peptides. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elier Hernando
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Villalva
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Manu Martínez
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Alonso
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Gómez Arrayás
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Carretero
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain
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67
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Li Y, Zhu F, Wang Z, Wu XF. Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Aliphatic Amides from Alkanes and Primary Amines via C(sp3)–H Bond Activation. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fengxiang Zhu
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Zechao Wang
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
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