51
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Cannalire R, Pelliccia S, Sancineto L, Novellino E, Tron GC, Giustiniano M. Visible light photocatalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:766-897. [PMID: 33350402 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The late stage functionalization (LSF) of complex biorelevant compounds is a powerful tool to speed up the identification of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and to optimize ADME profiles. To this end, visible-light photocatalysis offers unique opportunities to achieve smooth and clean functionalization of drugs by unlocking site-specific reactivities under generally mild reaction conditions. This review offers a critical assessment of current literature, pointing out the recent developments in the field while emphasizing the expected future progress and potential applications. Along with paragraphs discussing the visible-light photocatalytic synthetic protocols so far available for LSF of drugs and drug candidates, useful and readily accessible synoptic tables of such transformations, divided by functional groups, will be provided, thus enabling a useful, fast, and easy reference to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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52
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Xia Y, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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53
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Xia Y, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:9192-9204. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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54
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Uraguchi D, Kimura Y, Ueoka F, Ooi T. Urea as a Redox-Active Directing Group under Asymmetric Photocatalysis of Iridium-Chiral Borate Ion Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19462-19467. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uraguchi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuto Kimura
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Fumito Ueoka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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55
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Yin Y, Li Y, Gonçalves TP, Zhan Q, Wang G, Zhao X, Qiao B, Huang KW, Jiang Z. All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters α to Azaarenes via Radical-Based Asymmetric Olefin Difunctionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19451-19456. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. of China
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yunqiang Li
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Théo P. Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Guanghui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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56
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Xu C, Wei N, Zhu D, Wang M. Cyclopentene Synthesis by a Catalytic [3+2] Annulation of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Polarized Alkenes. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Na Wei
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun, 130024 China
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57
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Prentice C, Morrisson J, Smith AD, Zysman-Colman E. Recent developments in enantioselective photocatalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2363-2441. [PMID: 33082877 PMCID: PMC7537410 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantioselective photocatalysis has rapidly grown into a powerful tool for synthetic chemists. This review describes the various strategies for creating enantioenriched products through merging enantioselective catalysis and photocatalysis, with a focus on the most recent developments and a particular interest in the proposed mechanisms for each. With the aim of understanding the scope of each strategy, to help guide and inspire further innovation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Prentice
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James Morrisson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK102NA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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58
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Lyu J, Claraz A, Vitale MR, Allain C, Masson G. Preparation of Chiral Photosensitive Organocatalysts and Their Application for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2-Diamines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12843-12855. [PMID: 32957790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chiral phosphoric acid based organocatalysis and visible-light photocatalysis have both emerged as promising technologies for the sustainable production of fine chemicals. In this context, we have envisioned the design and the synthesis of a new class of chimeric catalytic entities that would feature both catalytic capabilities. Given their multitask nature, such catalysts would be particularly attractive for the development of new catalytic transformations, tandem processes in particular. Toward this goal, several BINOL-based chiral phosphoric acid backbones presenting one or two visible-light-sensitive thioxanthone moieties have been prepared and studied. The utility of these new photoactive chiral organocatalysts is then demonstrated in the enantioselective tandem three-component electrophilic amination of enecarbamates. Of note, the C1-symmetric organo/photocatalyst has shown a better catalytic activity than those presenting a C2 symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Lyu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, UPR2301, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, UPR2301, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
| | - Maxime R Vitale
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Allain
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, UPR2301, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
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59
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Liang W, Jiang K, Du F, Yang J, Shuai L, Ouyang Q, Chen Y, Wei Y. Iron‐Catalyzed, Iminyl Radical‐Triggered Cascade 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer/(5+2) or (5+1) Annulation: Oxime as a Five‐Atom Assembling Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19222-19228. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Fei Du
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Li Shuai
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ying‐Chun Chen
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ye Wei
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
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60
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Liang W, Jiang K, Du F, Yang J, Shuai L, Ouyang Q, Chen Y, Wei Y. Iron‐Catalyzed, Iminyl Radical‐Triggered Cascade 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer/(5+2) or (5+1) Annulation: Oxime as a Five‐Atom Assembling Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Fei Du
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Li Shuai
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ying‐Chun Chen
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ye Wei
- College of Pharmacy Army Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
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61
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62
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Saha D. Catalytic Enantioselective Radical Transformations Enabled by Visible Light. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2129-2152. [PMID: 32463981 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Visible light has been recognized as an economical and environmentally benign source of energy that enables chemoselective molecular activation of chemical reactions and hence reveal a new horizon for the design and discovery of novel chemical transformations. On the other hand, asymmetric catalysis represents an economic method to satisfy the increasing need for enantioenriched compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, combining visible light photocatalysis with asymmetric catalysis creates a wider range of opportunities for the development of mechanistically unique reaction schemes. However, there arise two main problems like undesirable photochemical background reactions and difficulties in controlling the stereochemistry with highly reactive photochemical intermediates which can pose a serious challenge to the development of asymmetric visible light photocatalysis. In recent years, several methods have been developed to overcome these challenges. This review summarizes the recent advances in visible light-induced enantioselective reactions. We divide our discussion into four categories: Asymmetric photoredox organocatalysis, asymmetric transition metal photoredox catalysis, asymmetric photoredox Lewis acid catalysis and asymmetric photoinduced energy transfer catalysis. Special emphasis has been given to different catalytic activation modes that enable the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond in an enantioselective fashion. A brief analysis of substrate scope and limitation as well as reaction mechanism of these reactions has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Krishnagar Govt. College, Krishnagar, Nadia, 741101, India
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63
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Wübbolt S, Cheong CB, Frost JR, Christensen KE, Donohoe TJ. A Vinyl Cyclopropane Ring Expansion and Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Borrowing Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11339-11344. [PMID: 32314851 PMCID: PMC7463175 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A vinyl cyclopropane rearrangement embedded in an iridium-catalyzed hydrogen borrowing reaction enabled the formation of substituted stereo-defined cyclopentanes from Ph* methyl ketone and cyclopropyl alcohols. Mechanistic studies provide evidence for the ring-expansion reaction being the result of a cascade based on oxidation of the cyclopropyl alcohols, followed by aldol condensation with the pentamethyl phenyl-substituted ketone to form an enone containing the vinyl cyclopropane. Subsequent single electron transfer (SET) to this system initiates a rearrangement, and the catalytic cycle is completed by reduction of the new enone. This process allows for the efficient formation of diversely substituted cyclopentanes as well as the construction of complex bicyclic carbon skeletons containing up to four contiguous stereocentres, all with high diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - James R. Frost
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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64
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Pirenne V, Muriel B, Waser J. Catalytic Enantioselective Ring-Opening Reactions of Cyclopropanes. Chem Rev 2020; 121:227-263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pirenne
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Muriel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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65
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Hong BC. Enantioselective synthesis enabled by visible light photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4298-4353. [PMID: 32458948 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00759e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective photoreaction has been a synthetic challenge for decades. With the continuous development of modern visible light photocatalysis and asymmetric catalysis, remarkable advances have been achieved through the synergistic action of these catalytic reactions, allowing the construction of various enantiomerically enriched molecules that were once inaccessible using photocatalytic reactions. This review presents some of the contemporary developments in enantioselective visible-light photocatalysis reactions, covering the period from 2008 to March 2020, with the contents classified by catalysis type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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66
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Wübbolt S, Cheong CB, Frost JR, Christensen KE, Donohoe TJ. A Vinyl Cyclopropane Ring Expansion and Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Borrowing Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Choon Boon Cheong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - James R. Frost
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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67
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Jain A, Ameta C. Novel Way to Harness Solar Energy: Photo-Redox Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s002315842002007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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68
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Xuan J, He XK, Xiao WJ. Visible light-promoted ring-opening functionalization of three-membered carbo- and heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2546-2556. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this tutorial review, synthetic and mechanistic aspects of visible light-promoted ring-opening functionalization of three-membered carbo- and heterocycles are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Kui He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
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69
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Liu J, Liu XP, Wu H, Wei Y, Lu FD, Guo KR, Cheng Y, Xiao WJ. Visible-light-induced triple catalysis for a ring-opening cyanation of cyclopropyl ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11508-11511. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A ring-opening cyanation of cyclopropyl ketones was developed via a synergistic triple catalysis strategy, providing a wide range of γ-cyanoketones in good reaction efficiencies under mild and eco-friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
| | - Xiao-Peng Liu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
| | - Hong Wu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
| | - Yi Wei
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
| | - Fu-Dong Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
| | - Kai-Rui Guo
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
| | - Ying Cheng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
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70
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Wang T, Wang YN, Wang R, Zhang BC, Yang C, Li YL, Wang XS. Enantioselective cyanation via radical-mediated C-C single bond cleavage for synthesis of chiral dinitriles. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5373. [PMID: 31772198 PMCID: PMC6879615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ring-opening reaction via selective cleavage of C–C bond is known as a powerful strategy for construction of complex molecules. Complementary to the ionic process focusing on mostly small ring systems, radical-mediated C–C bond cleavage offers a solution for further diverse enantioselective functionalization benefited from its mild conditions, whereas such asymmetric transformations are still limited to three-membered rings so far. Herein, we describe radical-mediated ring-opening and enantioselective cyanation of four- and five-membered cycloketone oxime esters to access chiral 1,5- and 1,6-dinitriles. Employment of dual photoredox/copper catalysis is essential for the asymmetric ring-opening cyanation of cyclopentanone oxime esters. Both reactions proceed under mild conditions giving chiral dinitriles in high yields and enantioselectivity with low catalyst loading and broad substrate scope. The products dinitriles can be converted to valuable optically active diamides and diamines. Mechanistic studies indicate that the benzylic radical generated via C–C single bond cleavage is involved in the catalytic cycle. Ring-opening reaction via selective cleavage of C–C bond is a powerful strategy to increase molecular complexity. Here the authors present the facile synthesis of chiral 1,5- and 1,6-dinitriles via the radical-mediated ring-opening and enantioselective cyanation of cycloketone oxime esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Chao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chi Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.
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Hu JM, Zhang JQ, Sun BB, Chen JB, Yu JQ, Yang XP, Lv HP, Wang Z, Wang XW. Chiral N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Catalyzed Cascade Asymmetric Desymmetrization of Cyclopentenediones with Enals: Access to Optically Active 1,3-Indandione Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:8582-8586. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bing-Bing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun-Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie-Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hao-Peng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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72
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Photoredox-catalyzed oxo-amination of aryl cyclopropanes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4367. [PMID: 31554813 PMCID: PMC6761154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropanes represent a class of versatile building blocks in modern organic synthesis. While the release of ring strain offers a thermodynamic driving force, the control of selectivity for C–C bond cleavage and the subsequent regiochemistry of the functionalization remains difficult, especially for unactivated cyclopropanes. Here we report a photoredox-coupled ring-opening oxo-amination of electronically unbiased cyclopropanes, which enables the expedient construction of a host of structurally diverse β-amino ketone derivatives. Through one electron oxidation, the relatively inert aryl cyclopropanes are readily converted into reactive radical cation intermediates, which in turn participate in the ensuing ring-opening functionalizations. Based on mechanistic studies, the present oxo-amination is proposed to proceed through an SN2-like nucleophilic attack/ring-opening manifold. This protocol features wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and use of dioxygen as an oxidant both for catalyst regeneration and oxygen-incorporation. Moreover, a one-pot formal aminoacylation of olefins is described through a sequential cyclopropanation/oxo-amination. The ring-opening and functionalization of electronically unbiased cyclopropanes is highly challenging to achieve in a regioselective fashion. Here, the authors report a mild photoredox-coupled oxoamination of electronically unactivated aryl cyclopropanes with simple azaarenes and molecular oxygen.
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73
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Zens A, Bauer F, Kolb B, Mannchen F, Seubert P, Forschner R, Flaig KS, Köhn A, Kunz D, Laschat S. Ni(NHC) Catalyzed Rearrangement of 1‐Acyl‐2‐vinylcyclopropanes: Tackling a Mechanistic Puzzle by Combined Experimental and Computational Studies. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Florian Bauer
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Benedikt Kolb
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Fabian Mannchen
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Philipp Seubert
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Kim S. Flaig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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74
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Zhang C, Chen S, Ye CX, Harms K, Zhang L, Houk KN, Meggers E. Asymmetric Photocatalysis by Intramolecular Hydrogen-Atom Transfer in Photoexcited Catalyst-Substrate Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14462-14466. [PMID: 31469211 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
3-(2-Formylphenyl)-1-pyrazol-1-yl-propenones undergo an asymmetric photorearrangement to benzo[d]cyclopropa[b]pyranones with up to >99 % ee, which is catalyzed by a bis-cyclometalated rhodium catalyst in the presence of visible light. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations support a mechanism in which a photoexcited catalyst/substrate complex triggers an intramolecular hydrogen-atom transfer followed by a highly stereocontrolled hetero-Diels-Alder reaction. In this reaction scheme, the rhodium catalyst fulfills multiple functions by 1) enabling visible-light π→π* excitation of the catalyst-bound enone substrate, 2) facilitating the hydrogen-atom transfer, and 3) providing the asymmetric induction for the hetero-Diels-Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Zhang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Chen-Xi Ye
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lilu Zhang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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75
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Zhang C, Chen S, Ye C, Harms K, Zhang L, Houk KN, Meggers E. Asymmetric Photocatalysis by Intramolecular Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer in Photoexcited Catalyst–Substrate Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Zhang
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Chen‐Xi Ye
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Lilu Zhang
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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76
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Zheng J, Swords WB, Jung H, Skubi KL, Kidd JB, Meyer GJ, Baik MH, Yoon TP. Enantioselective Intermolecular Excited-State Photoreactions Using a Chiral Ir Triplet Sensitizer: Separating Association from Energy Transfer in Asymmetric Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13625-13634. [PMID: 31329459 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective catalysis of excited-state photoreactions remains a substantial challenge in synthetic chemistry, and intermolecular photoreactions have proven especially difficult to conduct in a stereocontrolled fashion. Herein, we report a highly enantioselective intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of 3-alkoxyquinolones catalyzed by a chiral hydrogen-bonding iridium photosensitizer. Enantioselectivities as high as 99% ee were measured in reactions with a range of maleimides and other electron-deficient alkene reaction partners. An array of kinetic, spectroscopic, and computational studies supports a mechanism in which the photocatalyst and quinolone form a hydrogen-bonded complex to control selectivity, yet upon photoexcitation of this complex, energy transfer sensitization of maleimide is preferred. The sensitized maleimide then reacts with the hydrogen-bonded quinolone-photocatalyst complex to afford a highly enantioenriched cycloadduct. This finding contradicts a long-standing tenet of enantioselective photochemistry that held that stereoselective photoreactions require strong preassociation to the sensitized substrate in order to overcome the short lifetimes of electronically excited organic molecules. This system therefore suggests that a broader range of alternate design strategies for asymmetric photocatalysis might be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kazimer L Skubi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Jesse B Kidd
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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77
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Hou M, Lin L, Chai X, Zhao X, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Enantioselective photoredox dehalogenative protonation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6629-6634. [PMID: 31367315 PMCID: PMC6625487 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02000d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an enantioselective photoredox dehalogenative protonation as a new type of asymmetric protonation. As a paradigm, with a cooperative catalytic system consisting of a chiral H-bonding catalyst and a dicyanopyrazine-derived chromophore (DPZ) photosensitizer that is irradiated with visible light, a range of cyclic and acyclic ketones with labile chiral secondary C-F, C-Cl and C-Br bonds at the α-position were obtained in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) by using a secondary amine as the terminal reductant. Given the ready accessibility of halides, the success of this work should provide inspiration for constructing diverse chiral α-tertiary carbonyls and their variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Hou
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Lu Lin
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Xiangpei Chai
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Baokun Qiao
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation , Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
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78
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Daub ME, Jung H, Lee BJ, Won J, Baik MH, Yoon TP. Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions of Cinnamate Esters: Generalizing Lewis Acid Catalysis of Triplet Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9543-9547. [PMID: 31145856 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the enantioselective [2+2] cycloaddition of simple cinnamate esters, the products of which are useful synthons for the controlled assembly of cyclobutane natural products. This method utilizes a cocatalytic system in which a chiral Lewis acid accelerates the transfer of triplet energy from an excited-state Ir(III) photocatalyst to the cinnamate ester. Computational evidence indicates that the principal role of the Lewis acid cocatalyst is to lower the absolute energies of the substrate frontier molecular orbitals, leading to greater electronic coupling between the sensitizer and substrate and increasing the rate of the energy transfer event. These results suggest Lewis acids can have multiple beneficial effects on triplet sensitization reactions, impacting both the thermodynamic driving force and kinetics of Dexter energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elisabeth Daub
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Joonghee Won
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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79
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Grell Y, Hong Y, Huang X, Mochizuki T, Xie X, Harms K, Meggers E. Chiral-at-Rhodium Catalyst Containing Two Different Cyclometalating Ligands. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Grell
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yubiao Hong
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Takuya Mochizuki
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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80
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Abstract
Aspects of sustainability are playing an increasingly important role for the development of new synthetic methods. In this context, the combination of asymmetric catalysis, which is considered one of the most economic strategies to generate nonracemic chiral compounds, and visible light as an abundant source of energy to induce or activate chemical reactions has recently gained much attention. Furthermore, the combination of photochemistry with asymmetric catalysis provides new opportunity for the development of mechanistically unique reaction schemes. However, the development of such asymmetric photocatalysis is very challenging and two main problems can be pinpointed to undesirable photochemical background reactions and to difficulties in controlling the stereochemistry with photochemically generated highly reactive intermediates. In this Account, we present and discuss asymmetric photocatalysis using one of the currently most versatile photoactivatable asymmetric catalysts, namely, reactive bis-cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes. The catalysts contain two inert cyclometalating 5-( tert-butyl)-2-phenyl benzoxazole or benzothiazole ligands together with two labile acetonitriles, and the overall chirality is due to a stereogenic metal center. The bis-cyclometalated rhodium complexes serve as excellent chiral Lewis acids for substrates such as 2-acyl imidazoles and N-acyl pyrazoles, which, upon replacement of the two labile acetonitrile ligands, coordinate to the rhodium center in a 2-point fashion. These rhodium-substrate intermediates display unique photophysical and photochemical properties and are often the photoactive intermediates in the developed asymmetric photocatalysis reaction schemes. This combination of visible light excitation to generate long-lived photoexcited states and intrinsic Lewis acid reactivity opens the door for a multitude of visible-light-induced asymmetric conversions. In a first mode of reactivity, bis-cyclometalated rhodium complexes function as chiral Lewis acids to control asymmetric radical reactions of rhodium enolates with electron-deficient radicals, rhodium-coordinated enones with electron-rich radicals, or rhodium-bound radicals generated by photoinduced single electron transfer. The rhodium-substrate complexes in their ground states are key intermediates of the asymmetric catalysis, while separate photoredox cycles initiate radical generations via single electron transfer with either the rhodium-substrate complexes or additional photoactive compounds serving as the photoredox catalyst (secondary asymmetric photocatalysis). In a second mode of reactivity, the rhodium-substrate complexes serve as photoexcited intermediates within the asymmetric catalysis cycle (primary asymmetric photocatalysis) and undergo stereocontrolled chemistry either upon single electron transfer or by direct bond forming reactions out of the excited state. These multiple modes of intertwining photochemistry with asymmetric catalysis have been applied to asymmetric α- and β-alkylations, α- and β-aminations, β-C-H functionalization of carbonyl compounds, [3 + 2] photocycloadditions between cyclopropanes and alkenes or alkynes, [2 + 2] photocycloadditions of enones with alkenes, dearomative [2 + 2] photocycloadditions, and [2 + 3] photocycloadditions of enones with vinyl azides. We anticipate that these reaction schemes of chiral bis-cyclometalated rhodium complexes as (photoactive) chiral Lewis acids will spur the development of new photocatalysts for visible-light-induced asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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81
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Yang J, Sun Q, Yoshikai N. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regio- and Diastereoselective Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition between Cyclopropanols and Allenes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Qiao Sun
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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82
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83
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Liu X, Yin Y, Jiang Z. Photoredox-catalysed formal [3+2] cycloaddition of N-aryl α-amino acids with isoquinoline N-oxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11527-11530. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work realizes a new synthetic utility of N-aryl α-amino acids as a 1,2-synthon, a new strategy to achieve dearomatization of isoquinolines, and the synthesis of valuable diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Liu
- College of Bioengineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
- Henan University
| | - Yanli Yin
- College of Bioengineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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84
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Zeng G, Li Y, Qiao B, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Photoredox asymmetric catalytic enantioconvergent substitution of 3-chlorooxindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11362-11365. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05304b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An enantioconvergent substitution of 3-substituted 3-chlorooxindoles with N-aryl glycines under visible light irradiation is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangkuo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Yunqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
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85
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Qiao B, Li C, Zhao X, Yin Y, Jiang Z. Enantioselective reduction of azaarene-based ketones via visible light-driven photoredox asymmetric catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7534-7537. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03661j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective reduction of azaarene-based ketones through photoredox asymmetric catalysis is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
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86
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Jiang C, Chen W, Zheng WH, Lu H. Advances in asymmetric visible-light photocatalysis, 2015–2019. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8673-8689. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric visible-light photocatalysis has recently drawn considerable attention of the scientific community owing to its unique activation modes and significance for the enantioselective green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Wen-Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Hongfei Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- China
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87
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Huang HM, Garduño-Castro MH, Morrill C, Procter DJ. Catalytic cascade reactions by radical relay. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4626-4638. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00947c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic radical relays are an attractive tool for the rapid construction of complex molecular architectures.
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88
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Yang Q, Zhao F, Zhang N, Liu M, Hu H, Zhang J, Zhou S. Mild dynamic kinetic resolution of amines by coupled visible-light photoredox and enzyme catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:14065-14068. [PMID: 30420981 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07990k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we described photoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of amines under mild conditions. The racemization of amines via a photoredox-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) protocol in conjunction with an enzyme catalyst to achieve the DKR of amines allows a variety of primary amines to be converted into a single enantiomer in high yield and with excellent enantioselectivity. Notably, this protocol can also be extended to 1,4-diamine derivatives with high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
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89
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Wang Q, Zhang T, Fan Y, Fan X. Synthesis of functionalized cyclopentenes through allenic ketone-based multicomponent reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8854-8858. [PMID: 30411769 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient synthesis of diversely functionalized cyclopentene derivatives through the multicomponent reactions of 1,2-allenic ketones with 4-chloroacetoacetate and malononitrile/cyanoacetate under mild and metal-free conditions is presented. Mechanistically, the formation of title compounds involves a cascade process including nucleophilic substitution, Michael addition and intramolecular aldol type reaction. Interestingly, when 1-phenyl allenic ketones bearing electron-donating groups on the phenyl ring were reacted with 4-chloroacetoacetate and cyanoacetate, methylenecyclo-pentanes, the regioisomer of cyclopentenes, were formed with good selectivity and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China.
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90
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Shen ZJ, Shi HN, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Visible-light photocatalytic bicyclization of β-alkynyl propenones for accessing diastereoenriched syn-fluoren-9-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11542-11545. [PMID: 30175828 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible-light photocatalytic bicyclization of β-alkynyl propenones with α-bromocarbonyls for highly diastereoselective synthesis of richly decorated syn-fluoren-9-ones is described. The reaction proceeds via a radical-triggered 5-exo-dig cyclization/1,6-H-abstraction/6-endo-trig cyclization cascade and offers a new and practical method for the assembly of 6/5/6 carbocyclic skeletons via C(sp3)-H alkenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jia Shen
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
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91
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Hu A, Chen Y, Guo JJ, Yu N, An Q, Zuo Z. Cerium-Catalyzed Formal Cycloaddition of Cycloalkanols with Alkenes through Dual Photoexcitation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13580-13585. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jing-Jing Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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92
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Bonilla P, Rey YP, Holden CM, Melchiorre P. Photo-Organocatalytic Enantioselective Radical Cascade Reactions of Unactivated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bonilla
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Avenida Països Catalans 16-43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Yannick P. Rey
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Avenida Països Catalans 16-43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Catherine M. Holden
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Avenida Països Catalans 16-43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA-Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies; Passeig Lluís Companys 23-08010 Barcelona Spain
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Avenida Països Catalans 16-43007 Tarragona Spain
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93
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Bonilla P, Rey YP, Holden CM, Melchiorre P. Photo-Organocatalytic Enantioselective Radical Cascade Reactions of Unactivated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12819-12823. [PMID: 30098097 PMCID: PMC6175195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Radical cascade processes are invaluable for their ability to rapidly construct complex chiral molecules from simple substrates. However, implementing catalytic asymmetric variants is difficult. Reported herein is a visible‐light‐mediated organocatalytic strategy that exploits the excited‐state reactivity of chiral iminium ions to trigger radical cascade reactions with high enantioselectivity. By combining two sequential radical‐based bond‐forming events, the method converts unactivated olefins and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes into chiral adducts in a single step. The implementation of an asymmetric three‐component radical cascade further demonstrates the complexity‐generating power of this photochemical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bonilla
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans, 16-43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yannick P Rey
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans, 16-43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Catherine M Holden
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans, 16-43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA-Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23-08010, Barcelona, Spain.,ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans, 16-43007, Tarragona, Spain
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94
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Ma M, Hao W, Ma L, Zheng Y, Lian P, Wan X. Interception of Radicals by Molecular Oxygen and Diazo Compounds: Direct Synthesis of Oxalate Esters Using Visible-Light Catalysis. Org Lett 2018; 20:5799-5802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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95
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Takenaka H, Masuhara Y, Narita K, Nokami T, Itoh T. Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-homoallylic alcohols via ring-opening of gem-difluorocyclopropane and aerobic oxidation by photo-irradiation in the presence of an organic pigment. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6106-6114. [PMID: 30091778 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aerobic oxidation took place after the visible light-mediated ring-opening reaction of gem-difluorocyclopropane in the presence of an organic dye and amine to furnish 2,2-difluoro-homoallylic alcohols in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takenaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Masuhara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
| | - Kent Narita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
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96
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Li SW, Kang Q. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of diphenylbutazone analogues. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10479-10482. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric Michael addition of diphenylbutazone and its analogues to α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles has been developed with a chiral-at-metal Rh(iii) complex as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wu Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
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