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Talamonti M, D’Adamio S, Bianchi L, Galluzzo M. The Role of Pharmacogenetics in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: Update of the Literature. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 21:467-480. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-017-0274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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52
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Xuan W, Feng X, Qian C, Peng L, Shi Y, Xu L, Wang F, Tan W. Osteoclast differentiation gene expression profiling reveals chemokine CCL4 mediates RANKL-induced osteoclast migration and invasion via PI3K pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:171-177. [PMID: 28370169 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Rheumatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Liuying Peng
- Department of Rheumatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Department of Rheumatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Lingxiao Xu
- Department of Rheumatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Department of Rheumatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
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Ellagic acid alleviates adjuvant induced arthritis by modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:339-349. [PMID: 28450796 PMCID: PMC5382880 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, but it is now clear that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a central role in its pathogenesis. Ellagic acid (EA) has a variety of biological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of ellagic acid on the prevention and/or treatment of adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) model in mice. Ellagic acid treatment was started one week before AIA induction and continued for three weeks after induction of AIA. Ellagic acid treatment significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited foot paw oedematous swelling and attenuated AIA-associated pathology. Ellagic acid significantly (p < 0.01) reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 17 (IL-17). However, serum levels of IL-10 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) significantly increased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), while serum level of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) did not significantly alter with EA treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that EA attenuated AIA-associated pathology in the mouse model by downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Inoue A, Matsumoto I, Tanaka Y, Umeda N, Takai C, Kawaguchi H, Ebe H, Yoshida H, Matsumoto Y, Segawa S, Takahashi S, Sumida T. TIARP attenuates autoantibody-mediated arthritis via the suppression of neutrophil migration by reducing CXCL2/CXCR2 and IL-6 expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38684. [PMID: 27995997 PMCID: PMC5171802 DOI: 10.1038/srep38684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFα-induced adipose-related protein (TIARP) is a six-transmembrane protein expressed on macrophages, neutrophils and synoviocytes. We reported recently that mice deficient in TIARP (TIARP−/−) spontaneously develop arthritis and are highly susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with enhanced interleukin (IL)-6 production. However, the effects of TIARP on neutrophils and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) have not been elucidated. We analyzed the roles of TIARP in K/BxN serum transfer model using TIARP−/− mice. Arthritis in TIARP−/− mice transferred with K/BxN serum was significantly exacerbated compared with WT mice. We characterized the differences in neutrophils between wild-type (WT) and TIARP−/− mice by DNA microarray. Overexpression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 was noted in TIARP−/− neutrophils. Neutrophils of TIARP−/− mice showed strong migration activity, which was markedly facilitated by CXCL2 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, enhanced production of CXCL2 and IL-6 and cell proliferation was noted in TIARP−/− TNFα-stimulated FLS. Blockade of IL-6R significantly attenuated serum-transferred TIARP−/− arthritis with diminished neutrophil recruitment in joints. Our findings suggested that TIARP independently down-regulated CXCL2 and IL-6 production by FLS, and the expression of chemokine receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2) in neutrophils, with resultant reduction of neutrophil migration into arthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Inoue
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoto Umeda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Takai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hoshimi Kawaguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ebe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yoshida
- Chugai Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Fuji Gotemba Research Labs, 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Chugai Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Fuji Gotemba Research Labs, 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Seiji Segawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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Manivel VA, Sohrabian A, Rönnelid J. Granulocyte-augmented chemokine production induced by type II collagen containing immune complexes is mediated via TLR4 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2822-2834. [PMID: 27621106 PMCID: PMC5157752 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with early elevations of antibodies against collagen type II (CII) have a distinct acute onset phenotype, associated with cytokine induction by surface‐bound anti‐CII‐containing immune complexes (ICs) and high C‐reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are abundant in the vicinity of CII in RA joints, and both PMN and PBMC reactivity against anti‐CII IC individually relate to early joint destruction and early elevation of CRP and ESR in RA. We searched for CII‐dependent mechanisms that might attract PMNs and PBMCs to RA joints. Human PBMCs and PMNs were stimulated with anti‐CII ICs and control ICs, either individually or in cocultures. Cocultured PMNs and PBMCs stimulated with anti‐CII ICs synergistically augmented production of the chemokines CXCL8, RANTES and MCP‐1, whereas downregulation was seen with control IC. This upregulation was unique to chemokines, as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and GM‐CSF were downregulated in anti‐CII IC‐stimulated cocultures. The coculture‐associated chemokine upregulation depended on endogenous TLR4 ligand(s) and functionally active PMN enzymes, and was partially mediated by GM‐CSF. As anti‐CII levels peak around the time of RA diagnosis, this mechanism can attract inflammatory cells to joints in early RA and intensify the anti‐CII‐associated acute onset RA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Anand Manivel
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Azita Sohrabian
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Rönnelid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Liu X, Zhang H, Chang X, Shen J, Zheng W, Xu Y, Wang J, Gao W, He S. Upregulated expression of CCR3 in rheumatoid arthritis and CCR3-dependent activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:15-26. [PMID: 27495116 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is recognized that CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is associated with numerous inflammatory conditions and fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) invasiveness correlates with articular damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is known of the expression and action of CCR3 on FLS in RA. In the present study, we investigated the expression of CCR3 on dispersed synovial tissue and peripheral blood cells in RA and influence of eotaxin-1 on FLS functions by using flow cytometry analysis, FLS challenge, and real-time PCR techniques. The results showed that approximately 7.0 % dispersed synovial cells are CCR3+ cells. Among those CCR3+ cells, 38.1, 23.8, and 20.6 % cells are CD90+CD14-CD3- (representing FLS), CD14+, and CD8+ cells, respectively, indicating that FLS is one of the major populations of CCR3+ cells in the synovial tissue of RA. In peripheral blood, CD14+ CCR3+ cells are elevated, but CD8+CCR3+ cells are reduced in RA. It was found that eotaxin-1 induced upregulated expression of CCR3 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in FLS. Since an antagonist of CCR3 suppressed the action of eotaxin-1, the event appeared CCR3 dependent. Moreover, we observed that interleukin (IL)-1β induced markedly enhanced eotaxin-1 release from FLS, but TNF-α reduced eotaxin-1 release at 12 and 24 h following incubation. In conclusion, enhanced expression of CCR3 on synovial cells and increased levels of eotaxin-1 in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) of RA indicate that CCR3-mediated mechanisms may play an important role in RA. Blockage of eotaxin-1 provoked CCR3 and MMP-9 expression in FLS by antagonist of CCR3, implicating that anti-CCR3 agents may have therapeutic use for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jirong Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Wenjiao Zheng
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China.
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Huang S, Pang Y, Yan J, Lin S, Zhao Y, Lei L, Yan L, Li R, Ma C, Qiao J. Fractalkine restores the decreased expression of StAR and progesterone in granulosa cells from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26205. [PMID: 27386819 PMCID: PMC4937398 DOI: 10.1038/srep26205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low progesterone levels are associated with luteal phase deficiency in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The mechanisms regulating progesterone biosynthesis in the granulosa cells from women with PCOS is largely unknown. Fractalkine is expressed in human ovaries, and is reported to regulate progesterone production in granulosa cells of healthy women. In the current study, we aimed to examine the role of fractalkine in women with PCOS. Reduced fractalkine levels were found in follicular fluid and granulosa cells, accompanied by decreased progesterone production and reduced steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression in the granulosa cells of patients with PCOS. Administration of fractalkine reversed the inhibition of progesterone and StAR expression. The mechanism mediating these effects may be associated with the inhibition of ERK activity in the granulosa cells from women with PCOS. Our findings revealed that fractalkine regulated steroidogenesis in follicular granulosa cells of women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Pang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Lin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
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Sutherland A, Power RJ, Rahman P, O'Rielly DD. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in psoriasis treatment: current challenges and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:923-35. [PMID: 27266955 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1194394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Topical, systemic, oral disease modifying, and biologic agents are part of the armamentarium to manage psoriatic disease. The choice of therapy depends upon disease severity, relevant co-morbidities and patient preference. There is great variability in patient response with these agents, and there is still no clear method of selecting the preferred therapeutic agent for efficacy or lack of adverse events. AREAS COVERED This article will review the pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic targets that are currently known with respect to psoriasis vulgaris, and the most frequent co-morbidity of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis. EXPERT OPINION Presently, no clinically actionable biomarker exists for any therapeutic agent used to treat psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. The lack of validated outcome measures and conflicting results of open-label studies conducted may be attributed to a multitude of issues that confound discovery. Consequently, studies have been underpowered to identify genes or genetic variants worth translating to clinical practice. In order to achieve a pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic signature, improvements in study design of future investigations are required, including carefully designed prospective studies. It is imperative to combine known clinical, serological, and molecular markers with consistent outcomes and an adequate health economic evaluation before they can be adopted widely in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Sutherland
- a Faculty of Medicine , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - Rebecca J Power
- a Faculty of Medicine , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - Proton Rahman
- a Faculty of Medicine , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - Darren D O'Rielly
- a Faculty of Medicine , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
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Prakash J, Williams FMK, Trofimov S, Surdulescu G, Spector T, Livshits G. Quantitative genetics of circulating Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) in community-based sample of UK twins. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2065-75. [PMID: 26762129 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is a major inhibitor of Wnt signalling pathway but also plays an important role in bone formation. Its circulating levels appear to correlate significantly with plasma levels of inflammatory factors, fractalkine and IL-6. This study, using a large sample of UK twins, showed that the variation of each of these factors and correlation between them was explained by the genetic factors, and indicated possible association with DKK1 gene variants. INTRODUCTION DKK1 is involved in the development of several inflammatory conditions related to bone and joint degradation. Our objectives were to explore the genetic contribution (heritability) to circulating DKK1 variation and its correlation with other inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and fractalkine, and to test whether the DKK1 heritability could be attributable to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapped to DKK1, IL-6 and FRCT genes. METHODS The study included a large community-based sample of 4939 women drawn from the general UK population. Plasma samples were analysed for circulating levels of DKK1, IL-6 and fractalkine (FRCT); 65 SNPs of DKK1, IL-6 and FRCT candidate genes, with MAF >0.1, were examined. We applied variance component analysis to evaluate contribution of putative genetic (including above SNPs) and environmental factors to variation of DKK1, and its correlation with IL-6 and FRCT. RESULTS Putative genetic factors explained 42.2 ± 2 % of the total variation of circulating DKK1 levels, and were also significant for fractalkine and IL-6 variations. Most importantly, we report significant phenotypic (0.208 ± 0.006-0.459 ± 0.007) and genetic (0.338 ± 0.069-0.617 ± 0.033) correlations between these molecules. We found evidence suggestive of association between the DKK1 and its structural genes variants. CONCLUSIONS Circulating DKK1 levels correlated significantly with levels of IL-6 and FRCT, known risk factors for several inflammatory processes suggesting a potential role of DKK1 in inflammation and tissue injury. Our results suggest the contribution of genetic factors in inter-individual variation of DKK1 levels in human population. However, further studies are required to determine genetic polymorphisms affecting DKK1 variation and its correlation with IL-6 and FRCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prakash
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - F M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, Strand, London, UK
| | - S Trofimov
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - G Surdulescu
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, Strand, London, UK
| | - T Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, Strand, London, UK
| | - G Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, Strand, London, UK.
- Lilian and Marcel Pollak Chair of Biological Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Jin XN, Yan EZ, Wang HM, Sui HJ, Liu Z, Gao W, Jin Y. Hyperoside exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects in LPS-stimulated human fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro and in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:674-86. [PMID: 27041460 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Hyperoside is a flavonol glycoside mainly found in plants of the genera Hypericum and Crataegus, which has shown anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of hyperoside on human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in vitro and on mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in vivo. METHODS FLSs were isolated from primary synovial tissues obtained from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL). Cell viability and proliferation were measured with MTT and BrdU assay. Cell migration was assessed using wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. DNA binding of NF-κB was measured using a TransAM-NFkappaB kit. The localization of p65 subunit was detected with immunocytochemistry. CIA was induced in mice by primary immunization with Bovine Type II collagen (CII) emulsified in CFA, followed by a booster injection 3 weeks later. The arthritic mice were treated with hyperoside (25, 50 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) for 3 weeks, and the joint tissues were harvested for histological analysis. RESULTS Hyperoside (10, 50, 100 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced proliferation and migration of human RA FLSs in vitro. Furthermore, hyperoside decreased LPS-stimulated production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 and MMP-9 in the cells. Moreover, hyperoside inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, and suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 and DNA biding of NF-κB in the cells. Three-week administration of hyperoside significantly decreased the clinical scores, and alleviated synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration and cartilage damage in mice with CIA. CONCLUSION Hyperoside inhibits LPS-induced proliferation, migration and inflammatory responses in human RA FLSs in vitro by suppressing activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which contributes to the therapeutic effects observed in mice with CIA.
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Finkel TH, Li J, Wei Z, Wang W, Zhang H, Behrens EM, Reuschel EL, Limou S, Wise C, Punaro M, Becker ML, Munro JE, Flatø B, Førre Ø, Thompson SD, Langefeld CD, Glass DN, Glessner JT, Kim CE, Frackelton E, Shivers DK, Thomas KA, Chiavacci RM, Hou C, Xu K, Snyder J, Qiu H, Mentch F, Wang K, Winkler CA, Lie BA, Ellis JA, Hakonarson H. Variants in CXCR4 associate with juvenile idiopathic arthritis susceptibility. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:24. [PMID: 27005825 PMCID: PMC4804485 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease among children, the etiology of which involves a strong genetic component, but much of the underlying genetic determinants still remain unknown. Our aim was to identify novel genetic variants that predispose to JIA. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and replication in a total of 1166 JIA cases and 9500 unrelated controls of European ancestry. Correlation of SNP genotype and gene expression was investigated. Then we conducted targeted resequencing of a candidate locus, among a subset of 480 cases and 480 controls. SUM test was performed to evaluate the association of the identified rare functional variants. Results The CXCR4 locus on 2q22.1 was found to be significantly associated with JIA, peaking at SNP rs953387. However, this result is subjected to subpopulation stratification within the subjects of European ancestry. After adjusting for principal components, nominal significant association remained (p < 10−4). Because of its interesting known function in immune regulation, we carried out further analyses to assess its relationship with JIA. Expression of CXCR4 was correlated with CXCR4 rs953387 genotypes in lymphoblastoid cell lines (p = 0.014) and T-cells (p = 0.0054). In addition, rare non-synonymous and stop-gain sequence variants in CXCR4, putatively damaging for CXCR4 function, were significantly enriched in JIA cases (p = 0.015). Conclusion Our results suggest the association of CXCR4 variants with JIA, implicating that this gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. However, because this locus is subjected to population stratification within the subjects of European ancestry, additional replication is still necessary for this locus to be considered a true risk locus for JIA. This cell-surface chemokine receptor has already been targeted in other diseases and may serve as a tractable therapeutic target for a specific subset of pediatric arthritis patients with additional replication and functional validation of the locus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0285-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri H Finkel
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Present Address: Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Research Institute, Nemours Children's Hospital, 32827, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Jin Li
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102, New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102, New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Haitao Zhang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Limou
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, 21702, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Carol Wise
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, 75219, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marilynn Punaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, 75219, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mara L Becker
- Division of Rheumatology, Children's Mercy- Kansas City, 64108, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jane E Munro
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 3052, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, 3052, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Berit Flatø
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Øystein Førre
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Susan D Thompson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 27157, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David N Glass
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia E Kim
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward Frackelton
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debra K Shivers
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly A Thomas
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosetta M Chiavacci
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cuiping Hou
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kexiang Xu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Snyder
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haijun Qiu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Mentch
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UUniversity of Southern California, 90089, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, 21702, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0027, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Justine A Ellis
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 3052, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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62
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Muley MM, Krustev E, McDougall JJ. Preclinical Assessment of Inflammatory Pain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 22:88-101. [PMID: 26663896 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While acute inflammation is a natural physiological response to tissue injury or infection, chronic inflammation is maladaptive and engenders a considerable amount of adverse pain. The chemical mediators responsible for tissue inflammation act on nociceptive nerve endings to lower neuronal excitation threshold and sensitize afferent firing rate leading to the development of allodynia and hyperalgesia, respectively. Animal models have aided in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the generation of chronic inflammatory pain and allowed us to identify and validate numerous analgesic drug candidates. Here we review some of the commonly used models of skin, joint, and gut inflammatory pain along with their relative benefits and limitations. In addition, we describe and discuss several behavioral and electrophysiological approaches used to assess the inflammatory pain in these preclinical models. Despite significant advances having been made in this area, a gap still exists between fundamental research and the implementation of these findings into a clinical setting. As such we need to characterize inherent pathophysiological pathways and develop new endpoints in these animal models to improve their predictive value of human inflammatory diseases in order to design safer and more effective analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind M Muley
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eugene Krustev
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jason J McDougall
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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63
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Szekanecz Z, Koch AE. Successes and failures of chemokine-pathway targeting in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:5-13. [PMID: 26607389 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis underlying the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Numerous chemokines, along with both conventional and atypical cell-surface chemokine receptors, are found in inflamed synovia. Preclinical studies carried out in animal models of arthritis involving agents targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors have yielded promising results. However, most human trials of treatment of RA with antibodies and synthetic compounds targeting chemokine signalling have failed to show clinical improvements. Chemokines can have overlapping actions, and their activities can be altered by chemical modification or proteolytic degradation. Effective targeting of chemokine pathways must take acount of these properties, and can also require high levels of receptor occupancy by therapeutic agents to prevent signalling. CCR1 is a promising target for chemokine-receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei Str 98, Debrecen, H-4004, Hungary
| | - Alisa E Koch
- University of Michigan Health System, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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64
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Leukocyte-specific protein 1 regulates T-cell migration in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6535-43. [PMID: 26554018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514152112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) have been implicated in human diseases. However, it remains unclear how they affect immune dysfunction and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we identified a novel leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) deletion variant for RA susceptibility located in 11p15.5. We replicated that the copy number of LSP1 gene is significantly lower in patients with RA, which correlates positively with LSP1 protein expression levels. Differentially expressed genes in Lsp1-deficient primary T cells represent cell motility and immune and cytokine responses. Functional assays demonstrated that LSP1, induced by T-cell receptor activation, negatively regulates T-cell migration by reducing ERK activation in vitro. In mice with T-cell-dependent chronic inflammation, loss of Lsp1 promotes migration of T cells into the target tissues as well as draining lymph nodes, exacerbating disease severity. Moreover, patients with RA show diminished expression of LSP1 in peripheral T cells with increased migratory capacity, suggesting that the defect in LSP1 signaling lowers the threshold for T-cell activation. To our knowledge, our work is the first to demonstrate how CNVs result in immune dysfunction and a disease phenotype. Particularly, our data highlight the importance of LSP1 CNVs and LSP1 insufficiency in the pathogenesis of RA and provide previously unidentified insights into the mechanisms underlying T-cell migration toward the inflamed synovium in RA.
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65
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Huh YH, Lee G, Lee KB, Koh JT, Chun JS, Ryu JH. HIF-2α-induced chemokines stimulate motility of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and chondrocytes into the cartilage-pannus interface in experimental rheumatoid arthritis mouse models. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:302. [PMID: 26510617 PMCID: PMC4625947 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pannus formation and resulting cartilage destruction during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) depends on the migration of synoviocytes to cartilage tissue. Here, we focused on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α-induced chemokines by chondrocytes in the regulation of fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) migration into the cartilage-pannus interface and cartilage erosion. Methods Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), K/BxN serum transfer, and tumor necrosis factor-α transgenic mice were used as experimental RA models. Expression patterns of HIF-2α and chemokines were determined via immunostaining, Western blotting and RT-PCR. FLS motility was evaluated using transwell migration and invasion assays. The specific role of HIF-2α was determined via local deletion of HIF-2α in joint tissues or using conditional knockout (KO) mice. Cartilage destruction, synovitis and pannus formation were assessed via histological analysis. Results HIF-2α and various chemokines were markedly upregulated in degenerating cartilage and pannus of RA joints. HIF-2α induced chemokine expression by chondrocytes in both primary culture and cartilage tissue. HIF-2α -induced chemokines by chondrocytes regulated the migration and invasion of FLS. Local deletion of HIF-2α in joint tissues inhibited pannus formation adjacent to cartilage tissue and cartilage destruction caused by K/BxN serum transfer. Furthermore, conditional knockout of HIF-2α in cartilage blocked pannus formation in adjacent cartilage but not bone tissue, along with inhibition of cartilage erosion caused by K/BxN serum transfer. Conclusion Our findings suggest that chemokines induced by IL-1β or HIF-2α in chondrocytes regulate pannus expansion by stimulating FLS migration and invasion, leading to cartilage erosion during RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hyun Huh
- BioImaging and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyuseok Lee
- Cell Dynamics Research Center and School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keun-Bae Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea. .,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- Cell Dynamics Research Center and School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Hwang Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea. .,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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66
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Sannegowda KM, Venkatesha SH, Moudgil KD. Tinospora cordifolia inhibits autoimmune arthritis by regulating key immune mediators of inflammation and bone damage. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:521-31. [PMID: 26467057 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015608248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints leading to tissue damage. Despite the availability of potent drugs including the biologics, many patients fail to respond to them, whereas others suffer adverse effects following long-term use of these drugs. Accordingly, the use of natural herbal products by RA patients has been increasing over the years. However, limited information about the mechanism of action of these natural products is a major shortcoming that prevents the widespread acceptance of herbal therapy by professionals and patients alike. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-arthritic activity of Tinospora cordifolia extract (TCE) using the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model of human RA and elaborated the immune mechanisms underlying this effect. TCE treatment suppressed arthritic inflammation and bone and cartilage damage. The anti-inflammatory effect of TCE was mediated via reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as: IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17; the frequency of IL-17-producing T cells; and the production of chemokines such as RANTES. Furthermore, TCE treatment limited bone damage by shifting the balance of mediators of bone remodeling (e.g., receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand [RANKL] and MMP-9) in favor of anti-osteoclastic activity. Our results suggest that TCE and its bioactive components should be evaluated for their utility as therapeutic adjuncts to conventional drugs against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sannegowda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Biochemistry, Government College for Women, Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - S H Venkatesha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K D Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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67
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Tang J, Chen Y, Cui R, Li D, Xiao L, Lin P, Du Y, Sun H, Yu X, Zheng X. Upregulation of fractalkine contributes to the proliferative response of prostate cancer cells to hypoxia via promoting the G1/S phase transition. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7907-14. [PMID: 26496926 PMCID: PMC4758273 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in prostate cancer, which leads to cell proliferation and tumor growth. Fractalkine (FKN) is a membrane-bound chemokine, which is implicated in the progression of human prostate cancer and skeletal metastasis. However, the association between FKN and hypoxia-induced prostate cancer cell proliferation remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that hypoxia induced the expression and secretion of FKN in the DU145 prostate cancer cell line. Furthermore, inhibiting the activity of FKN with the anti-FKN FKN-specific antibody markedly inhibited hypoxia-induced DU145 cell proliferation. Under normoxic conditions, DU145 cell proliferation markedly increased following exogenous administration of human recombinant FKN protein, and the increase was significantly alleviated by anti-FKN, indicating the importance of FKN in DU145 cell proliferation. In addition, subsequent determination of cell cycle distribution and expression levels of two core cell cycle regulators, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, suggested that FKN promoted the G1/S phase transition by upregulating the expression levels of cyclin E and CDK2. The results of the present study demonstrated that hypoxia led to the upregulation of the secretion and expression of FKN, which enhanced cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression in the prostate cancer cells. These findings provide evidence of a novel function for FKN, and suggest that FKN may serve as a potential target for treating androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebing Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Rongjun Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yandan Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia 022150, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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The role of chemokines in adjusting the balance between CD4+ effector T cell subsets and FOXp3-negative regulatory T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:829-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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69
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Morais SA, Vilas-Boas A, Isenberg DA. B-cell survival factors in autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2015; 7:122-51. [PMID: 26288664 PMCID: PMC4530383 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x15586782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic disorders have complex etiopathogenetic mechanisms in which B cells play a central role. The importance of factors stimulating B cells, notably the B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) axis is now recognized. BAFF and APRIL are cytokines essential for B-cell proliferation and survival from the immature stages to the development of plasma cells. Their levels are increased in some subsets of patients with autoimmune disorders. Several recent biologic drugs have been developed to block this axis, namely belimumab [already licensed for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment], tabalumab, atacicept and blisibimod. Many clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these drugs in several autoimmune disorders are ongoing, or have been completed recently. This review updates the information on the use of biologic agents blocking BAFF/APRIL for patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Morais
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Andreia Vilas-Boas
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, Room 424, 4th Floor Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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Yeo L, Adlard N, Biehl M, Juarez M, Smallie T, Snow M, Buckley CD, Raza K, Filer A, Scheel-Toellner D. Expression of chemokines CXCL4 and CXCL7 by synovial macrophages defines an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:763-71. [PMID: 25858640 PMCID: PMC4819606 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives For our understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying early stages of synovitis. Here, synovial cytokine production was investigated in patients with very early arthritis. Methods Synovial biopsies were obtained from patients with at least one clinically swollen joint within 12 weeks of symptom onset. At an 18-month follow-up visit, patients who went on to develop RA, or whose arthritis spontaneously resolved, were identified. Biopsies were also obtained from patients with RA with longer symptom duration (>12 weeks) and individuals with no clinically apparent inflammation. Synovial mRNA expression of 117 cytokines was quantified using PCR techniques and analysed using standard and novel methods of data analysis. Synovial tissue sections were stained for CXCL4, CXCL7, CD41, CD68 and von Willebrand factor. Results A machine learning approach identified expression of mRNA for CXCL4 and CXCL7 as potentially important in the classification of early RA versus resolving arthritis. mRNA levels for these chemokines were significantly elevated in patients with early RA compared with uninflamed controls. Significantly increased CXCL4 and CXCL7 protein expression was observed in patients with early RA compared with those with resolving arthritis or longer established disease. CXCL4 and CXCL7 co-localised with blood vessels, platelets and CD68+ macrophages. Extravascular CXCL7 expression was significantly higher in patients with very early RA compared with longer duration RA or resolving arthritis Conclusions Taken together, these observations suggest a transient increase in synovial CXCL4 and CXCL7 levels in early RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yeo
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Adlard
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Biehl
- Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Juarez
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Smallie
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Snow
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - C D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Scheel-Toellner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Elsaidi HRH, Lowary TL. Effect of phenolic glycolipids from Mycobacterium kansasii on proinflammatory cytokine release. A structure-activity relationship study. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3161-3172. [PMID: 28706688 PMCID: PMC5490424 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc04004j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall of pathogenic mycobacteria is abundant with virulence factors, among which phenolic glycolipids (PGLs) are prominent examples. Mycobacterium kansasii, an important opportunistic pathogen, produces seven PGLs and their effect on the release of important proinflammatory cytokines that mediate disease progression has not been investigated. We previously showed that proinflammatory cytokines are modulated by PGLs from M. tuberculosis, M. leprae and M. bovis. In this paper we describe the synthesis of a series of 17 analogs of M. kansasii PGLs containing a truncated aglycone. Subsequently, the effect of these compounds on the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1) and nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated. These compounds exerted an immunoinhibitory effect on the release of the tested cytokines. The concentration-dependent inhibitory profile of the tested molecules was also found to be dependent on the methylation pattern of the molecule and was mediated via toll-like receptor (TLR)-2. This study led to the discovery of a glycolipid (18) that shows promising potent anti-inflammatory properties making it a potential candidate for further optimization of its anti-inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan R H Elsaidi
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada T6G 2G2 .
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada T6G 2G2 .
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Qiu LQ, Lai WS, Bradbury A, Zeldin DC, Blackshear PJ. Tristetraprolin (TTP) coordinately regulates primary and secondary cellular responses to proinflammatory stimuli. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:723-36. [PMID: 25657290 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0214-106r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TTP is an anti-inflammatory protein that acts by binding to AREs in its target mRNAs, such as Tnf mRNA, and promoting their deadenylation and decay. TNF released from inflammatory cells can then stimulate gene expression in tissue cells, such as fibroblasts. To determine whether TTP could affect the decay of TNF-induced transcripts in fibroblasts, we exposed primary embryonic fibroblasts and stable fibroblast cell lines, derived from WT and TTP KO mice, to TNF. The decay rates of transcripts encoded by several early-response genes, including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Ier3, Ptgs2, and Lif, were significantly slowed in TTP-deficient fibroblasts after TNF stimulation. These changes were associated with TTP-dependent increases in CXCL1, CXCL2, and IER3 protein levels. The TTP-susceptible transcripts contained multiple, conserved, closely spaced, potential TTP binding sites in their 3'-UTRs. WT TTP, but not a nonbinding TTP zinc finger mutant, bound to RNA probes that were based on the mRNA sequences of Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Ptgs2, and Lif. TTP-promoted decay of transcripts encoding chemokines and other proinflammatory mediators is thus a critical post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in the response of secondary cells, such as fibroblasts, to TNF released from primary immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Qun Qiu
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wi S Lai
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alyce Bradbury
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Rutar M, Natoli R, Chia RX, Valter K, Provis JM. Chemokine-mediated inflammation in the degenerating retina is coordinated by Müller cells, activated microglia, and retinal pigment epithelium. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:8. [PMID: 25595590 PMCID: PMC4308937 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte infiltration is involved in the pathogenesis of many retinal degenerative conditions. This process traditionally depends on local expression of chemokines, though the roles of many of these in the degenerating retina are unclear. Here, we investigate expression and in situ localization of the broad chemokine response in a light-induced model of retinal degeneration. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 1,000 lux light damage (LD) for up to 24 hrs. At time points during (1 to 24 hrs) and following (3 and 7 days) exposure, animals were euthanized and retinas processed. Microarray analysis assessed differential expression of chemokines. Some genes were further investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization and contrasted with photoreceptor apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Recruitment of retinal CD45 (+) leukocytes was determined via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and expression of chemokine receptors determined using PCR. RESULTS Exposure to 24 hrs of LD resulted in differential expression of chemokines including Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl7, Cxcl1, and Cxcl10. Their upregulation correlated strongly with peak photoreceptor death, at 24 hrs exposure. In situ hybridization revealed that the modulated chemokines were expressed by a combination of Müller cells, activated microglia, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This preceded large increases in the number of CD45(+) cells at 3- and 7-days post exposure, which expressed a corresponding repertoire of chemokine receptors. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that retinal degeneration induces upregulation of a broad chemokine response whose expression is coordinated by Müller cells, microglia, and RPE. The findings inform our understanding of the processes govern the trafficking of leukocytes, which are contributors in the pathology of retinal degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Rutar
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - R X Chia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Krisztina Valter
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Jan M Provis
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Yokoyama W, Kohsaka H, Kaneko K, Walters M, Takayasu A, Fukuda S, Miyabe C, Miyabe Y, Love PE, Nakamoto N, Kanai T, Watanabe-Imai K, Charvat TT, Penfold ME, Jaen J, Schall TJ, Harigai M, Miyasaka N, Nanki T. Abrogation of CC chemokine receptor 9 ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis of mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:445. [PMID: 25248373 PMCID: PMC4201712 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological drugs are effective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but increase severe infections. The CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 9 antagonist was effective for Crohn's disease without critical adverse effects including infections in clinical trials. The present study was carried out to explore the pathogenic roles of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 25 and its receptor, CCR9, in autoimmune arthritis and to study if the CCR9 antagonist could be a new treatment for RA. METHODS CCL25 and CCR9 expression was examined with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Concentration of interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Effects of abrogating CCR9 on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was evaluated using CCR9-deficient mice or the CCR9 antagonist, CCX8037. Fluorescence labeled-CD11b+ splenocytes from CIA mice were transferred to recipient CIA mice and those infiltrating into the synovial tissues of the recipient mice were counted. RESULTS CCL25 and CCR9 proteins were found in the RA synovial tissues. CCR9 was expressed on macrophages, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and dendritic cells in the synovial tissues. Stimulation with CCL25 increased IL-6 and MMP-3 production from RA FLS, and IL-6 and TNF-α production from peripheral blood monocytes. CIA was suppressed in CCR9-deficient mice. CCX8037 also inhibited CIA and the migration of transferred CD11b+ splenocytes into the synovial tissues. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between CCL25 and CCR9 may play important roles in cell infiltration into the RA synovial tissues and inflammatory mediator production. Blocking CCL25 or CCR9 may represent a novel safe therapy for RA.
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Röhner E, Hoff P, Gaber T, Lang A, Vörös P, Buttgereit F, Perka C, Windisch C, Matziolis G. Cytokine Expression in Human Osteoblasts After Antiseptic Treatment: A Comparative Study Between Polyhexanide and Chlorhexidine. J INVEST SURG 2014; 28:1-7. [DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2014.941445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hu S, Li L, Yeh S, Cui Y, Li X, Chang HC, Jin J, Chang C. Infiltrating T cells promote prostate cancer metastasis via modulation of FGF11→miRNA-541→androgen receptor (AR)→MMP9 signaling. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:44-57. [PMID: 25135278 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early clinical studies suggested infiltrating T cells might be associated with poor outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The detailed mechanisms how T cells contribute to PCa progression, however, remained unclear. Here, we found PCa cells have a better capacity to recruit more CD4(+) T cells than the surrounding normal prostate cells via secreting more chemokines-CXCL9. The consequences of more recruited CD4(+) T cells to PCa might then lead to enhance PCa cell invasion. Mechanism dissection revealed that infiltrating CD4(+) T cells might function through the modulation of FGF11→miRNA-541 signals to suppress PCa androgen receptor (AR) signals. The suppressed AR signals might then alter the MMP9 signals to promote the PCa cell invasion. Importantly, suppressed AR signals via AR-siRNA or anti-androgen Enzalutamide in PCa cells also enhanced the recruitment of T cells and the consequences of this positive feed back regulation could then enhance the PCa cell invasion. Targeting these newly identified signals via FGF11-siRNA, miRNA-541 inhibitor or MMP9 inhibitor all led to partially reverse the enhanced PCa cell invasion. Results from in vivo mouse models also confirmed the in vitro cell lines in co-culture studies. Together, these results concluded that infiltrating CD4(+) T cells could promote PCa metastasis via modulation of FGF11→miRNA-541→AR→MMP9 signaling. Targeting these newly identified signals may provide us a new potential therapeutic approach to better battle PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lei Li
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Gharaee-Kermani M, Macoska JA. Promising molecular targets and biomarkers for male BPH and LUTS. Curr Urol Rep 2014; 14:628-37. [PMID: 23913202 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-013-0368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major health concern for aging men. BPH is associated with urinary voiding dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which negatively affects quality of life. Surgical resection and medical approaches have proven effective for improving urinary flow and relieving LUTS but are not effective for all men and can produce adverse effects that require termination of the therapeutic regimen. Thus, there is a need to explore other therapeutic targets to treat BPH/LUTS. Complicating the treatment of BPH/LUTS is the lack of biomarkers to effectively identify pathobiologies contributing to BPH/LUTS or to gauge successful response to therapy. This review will briefly discuss current knowledge and will highlight new studies that illuminate the pathobiologies contributing to BPH/LUTS, potential new therapeutic strategies for successfully treating BPH/LUTS, and new approaches for better defining these pathobiologies and response to therapeutics through the development of biomarkers and phenotyping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and the Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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Abdalmula A, Washington E, House J, Dooley L, Blacklaws B, Ghosh P, Bailey S, Kimpton W. Clinical and histopathological characterization of a large animal (ovine) model of collagen-induced arthritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 159:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Low intraprostatic DHT promotes the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in BPH tissues via modulation of CCL5 secretion. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:397815. [PMID: 24808637 PMCID: PMC3997870 DOI: 10.1155/2014/397815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies suggested thatandrogen might be associated with infiltrating T cells in prostate of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, but detail of T-cell subset and mechanism still remained unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that intraprostatic 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exerts effects on T cells recruitment by BPH epithelial cells. Prostate tissues from 64 cases of BPH patients after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) were divided into 2 groups: (1) no medication history; (2) administration of 5α-reductase type II inhibitor-finasteride 5 mg daily for at least 6 months before surgery. Group 2 presented significantly higher CD8+ T cells infiltration than group 1, but no changes in CD4+ T cells (immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry). In vitro study more CD8+ T cell migrated to the prostate tissue lysates from group 2 and BPH-1 cells in low DHT condition. Transcription of chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 5 (CCL5) mRNA in BPH-1 cells and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) mRNA in CD8+ T cells were upregulated in low DHT condition (q-PCR). CCL5 expression was also identified to be higher in group 2 prostate tissues by IHC. This study suggested that intraprostatic DHT may participate in regulating inflammatory response which was induced by human prostatic epithelial cell, via modulating CCL5 secretion.
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In Vitro Efficacy of Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles Containing Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2326-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Malviya G, Salemi S, Laganà B, Diamanti AP, D'Amelio R, Signore A. Biological therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: progress to date. BioDrugs 2014; 27:329-45. [PMID: 23558378 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-013-0021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biologic drugs for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have revolutionized the therapeutic armamentarium with the development of several novel monoclonal antibodies, which include murine, chimeric, humanized, fully human antibodies and fusion proteins. These biologics bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity. Since 1998, nine different biologics have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of RA, and several others are in different stages of clinical trials. This field is in continuous evolution and new biologics are tested every year. Therefore a precise analysis is required in order to have a detailed and updated state of the art of this field. In this review, our main aim is to analyse all available biological therapies that are FDA and EMA approved for the treatment of RA and also those that are in clinical trials for the management of RA patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Biological Products/adverse effects
- Biological Products/pharmacology
- Biological Products/therapeutic use
- Drugs, Investigational/adverse effects
- Drugs, Investigational/pharmacology
- Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/adverse effects
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/therapeutic use
- Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/adverse effects
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Malviya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Reynolds G, Cooles FAH, Isaacs JD, Hilkens CMU. Emerging immunotherapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:822-37. [PMID: 24535556 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel treatments in development for rheumatoid arthritis target 3 broad areas: cytokines, cells, and signaling pathways. Therapies from each domain share common advantages (for example previously demonstrated efficacy, potential long-term immunomodulation, and oral administration respectively) that have stimulated research in each area but also common obstacles to their development. In this review recent progress in each area will be discussed alongside the factors that have impeded their path to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear UK
| | - Faye A H Cooles
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear UK
| | - Catharien M U Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear UK
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Isozaki T, Ruth JH, Amin MA, Campbell PL, Tsou PS, Ha CM, Haines GK, Edhayan G, Koch AE. Fucosyltransferase 1 mediates angiogenesis, cell adhesion and rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue fibroblast proliferation. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R28. [PMID: 24467809 PMCID: PMC3978694 DOI: 10.1186/ar4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported that sialyl Lewis(y), synthesized by fucosyltransferases, is involved in angiogenesis. Fucosyltransferase 1 (fut1) is an α(1,2)-fucosyltransferase responsible for synthesis of the H blood group and Lewis(y) antigens. However, the angiogenic involvement of fut 1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue (RA ST) has not been clearly defined. METHODS Assay of α(1,2)-linked fucosylated proteins in RA was performed by enzyme-linked lectin assay. Fut1 expression was determined in RA ST samples by immunohistological staining. We performed angiogenic Matrigel assays using a co-culture system of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) and fut1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfected RA synovial fibroblasts. To determine if fut1 played a role in leukocyte retention and cell proliferation in the RA synovium, myeloid THP-1 cell adhesion assays and fut1 siRNA transfected RA synovial fibroblast proliferation assays were performed. RESULTS Total α(1,2)-linked fucosylated proteins in RA ST were significantly higher compared to normal (NL) ST. Fut1 expression on RA ST lining cells positively correlated with ST inflammation. HMVECs from a co-culture system with fut1 siRNA transfected RA synovial fibroblasts exhibited decreased endothelial cell tube formation compared to control siRNA transfected RA synovial fibroblasts. Fut1 siRNA also inhibited myeloid THP-1 adhesion to RA synovial fibroblasts and RA synovial fibroblast proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These data show that α(1,2)-linked fucosylated proteins are upregulated in RA ST compared to NL ST. We also show that fut1 in RA synovial fibroblasts is important in angiogenesis, leukocyte-synovial fibroblast adhesion, and synovial fibroblast proliferation, all key processes in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Isozaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Currently Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey H Ruth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohammad A Amin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Phillip L Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine M Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Gautam Edhayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alisa E Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
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Lee AYS, Körner H. CCR6 and CCL20: emerging players in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:354-8. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian YS Lee
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- School of Medicine, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
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87
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Chemokine and cytokine levels in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. J Immunol Methods 2013; 396:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lee HS, Ka SO, Lee SM, Lee SI, Park JW, Park BH. Overexpression of sirtuin 6 suppresses inflammatory responses and bone destruction in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1776-85. [PMID: 23553536 DOI: 10.1002/art.37963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sirtuin 6 (SIRT-6) is an NAD(+) -dependent deacetylase and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase. It is known to interfere with the NF-κB signaling pathway and thereby has an antiinflammatory function. Due to the central role of NF-κB in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development, we undertook this study to test our hypothesis that SIRT-6 could have antiarthritic effects. METHODS An adenovirus containing SIRT-6 complementary DNA (Ad-SIRT6) was used to deliver SIRT-6 to human RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro as well as to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in vivo via bilateral intraarticular injections into the ankle joints. RESULTS In vitro experiments demonstrated that SIRT-6 overexpression suppressed NF-κB target gene expression induced by tumor necrosis factor α. SIRT-6 overexpression inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Mice with CIA had an increased incidence of disease and developed arthritis in the hind paws. In contrast, mice injected with Ad-SIRT6 showed attenuated severity of arthritis based on clinical scores, hind paw thickness, and radiographic and pathologic findings. Moreover, the injection of Ad-SIRT6 down-regulated local and systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines. After induction of CIA, mice injected with Ad-SIRT6 showed significantly decreased arthritis severity, from the onset of clinical signs to the end of the study. CONCLUSION These results suggest that blocking the NF-κB pathway by SIRT-6 in rheumatoid joints reduces both the inflammatory response and tissue destruction. Therefore, the development of an immunoregulatory strategy based on SIRT-6 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Suk Lee
- Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Maruotti N, Annese T, Cantatore FP, Ribatti D. Macrophages and angiogenesis in rheumatic diseases. Vasc Cell 2013; 5:11. [PMID: 23725043 PMCID: PMC3680215 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a key role in several rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and vasculitides. An imbalance between angiogenic inducers and inhibitors seems to be a critical factor in pathogenesis of these diseases. Macrophages promote angiogenesis during rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, macrophages can produce a variety of pro-angiogenic factors that have been associated with the angiogenic response occurring during other rheumatic diseases. Lastly, macrophages could be a target in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better elucidate the exact role of macrophage in angiogenesis in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Maruotti
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School- Ospedale “ D’Avanzo”, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Policlinico, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School- Ospedale “ D’Avanzo”, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Policlinico, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Wei W, Miller RL, Leary JA. Method development and analysis of free HS and HS in proteoglycans from pre- and postmenopausal women: evidence for biosynthetic pathway changes in sulfotransferase and sulfatase enzymes. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5917-23. [PMID: 23659730 DOI: 10.1021/ac400690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is one of the most complex and informative biopolymers found on the cell surface or in the extracellular matrix as either free HS fragments or constituents of HS proteoglycans (HSPGs). Analysis of free HS and HSPG sugar chains in human serum at the disaccharide level has great potential for early disease diagnosis and prognosis; however, the low concentration of HS in human serum, together with the complexity of the serum matrix, limits the information on HS. In this study, we present and validate the development of a new sensitive method for in-depth compositional analysis of free HS and HSPG sugar chains. This protocol involved several steps including weak anion exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and solid-phase extraction for enhanced detection prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Using this protocol, a total of 51 serum samples from 26 premenopausal and 25 postmenopausal women were analyzed. Statistically significant differences in heparin/HS disaccharide profiles were observed. The proportion of N-acetylation and N-sulfation in both free HS and HSPG sugar chains were significantly different between pre- and postmenopausal women, indicating changes in N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferases (NDSTs), the enzymes involved in the initial step of the biosynthetic pathway. Differences in the proportion of 6-O-sulfation suggest that 6-O-sulfotransferase and/or 6-O-sulfatase enzymes may also be implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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91
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Moelants EAV, Mortier A, Van Damme J, Proost P. Regulation of TNF-α with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:393-401. [PMID: 23628802 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines represent two important groups of proteins that control the human immune system. Dysregulation of the network in which these immunomodulators function can result in uncontrolled inflammation, leading to various diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by chronic inflammation and bone erosion. Potential triggers of RA include autoantibodies, cytokines and chemokines. The tight regulation of cytokine and chemokine production, and biological activity is important. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is abundantly present in RA patients' serum and the arthritic synovium. This review, therefore, discusses first the role and regulation of the major proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, in particular the regulation of TNF-α production, post-translational processing and signaling of TNF-α and its receptors. Owing to the important role of TNF-α in RA, the TNF-α-producing cells and the dynamics of its expression, the direct and indirect action of this cytokine and possible biological therapy for RA are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A V Moelants
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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92
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Rogers JL, Serafin DS, Timoshchenko RG, Tarrant TK. Cellular targeting in autoimmunity. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 12:495-510. [PMID: 23054625 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many biologic agents that were first approved for the treatment of malignancies are now being actively investigated and used in a variety of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjogren's syndrome. The relatively recent advance of selective immune targeting has significantly changed the management of autoimmune disorders and in part can be attributed to the progress made in understanding effector cell function and their signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss the recent FDA-approved biologic therapies that directly target immune cells as well as the most promising investigational drugs affecting immune cell function and signaling for the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Rogers
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
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93
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Morel J, Hahne M. To target or not to target APRIL in systemic lupus erythematosus: that is the question! Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:107. [PMID: 23438039 PMCID: PMC3672817 DOI: 10.1186/ar4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the cytokines that regulate B-cell homeostasis are the TNF-like ligands B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS; also B-cell activation factor) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). BLyS and APRIL share two receptors; that is, B-cell maturation antigen and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor. Therapeutic approaches using biologics are limited for treatment of lupus patients. One previously approved drug is belimumab, which antagonizes the B-cell stimulator BLyS. Atacicept, another biologic inhibiting BLyS and APRIL, was terminated for serious adverse events - raising the question of whether APRIL should be neutralized in autoimmune diseases.
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94
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Uchida M, Ito T, Nakamura T, Igarashi H, Oono T, Fujimori N, Kawabe K, Suzuki K, Jensen RT, Takayanagi R. ERK pathway and sheddases play an essential role in ethanol-induced CX3CL1 release in pancreatic stellate cells. J Transl Med 2013; 93:41-53. [PMID: 23147224 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical course of chronic pancreatitis (CP) worsens with drinking, and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have an important role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic CP. Chemokines recruit inflammatory cells, resulting in chronic pancreatic inflammation. Although serum levels of fractalkine (CX3CL1) are significantly elevated in patients with alcoholic CP, the mechanism of this elevation remains unclear. This study aims to determine the effects of cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and ethanol and its metabolites on CX3CL1 secretion by PSCs. Male Wistar/Bonn Kobori (WBN/Kob) rats aged 15 to 20 weeks were used as rodent models of CP in vivo. PSCs were isolated from 6-week-old male Wistar rats. The effects of cytokines, PAMPs, and ethanol and its metabolites on chemokine production and activation of signaling pathways in PSCs in vitro were examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of CX3CL1 and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 was increased in the pancreas of WBN/Kob rats. The rat PSCs expressed CX3CL1, MMP-2, and a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain (ADAM) 17. Cytokines and PAMPs induced CX3CL1 release and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), MMP-9, and ADAM17. CX3CL1 release was suppressed by specific inhibitors of ERK, MMP, and ADAM, and ERK was associated with CX3CL1 transcription. Ethanol and phorbol myristate acetate synergistically increased CX3CL1 release. Real-time PCR and western blotting confirmed the synergistic activation of ERK and ADAM17. Ethanol synergistically increased CX3CL1 release via ERK and ADAM17 activation in PSCs. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that ethanol synergistically increased CX3CL1 release from PSCs at least in part through activation of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase and ADAM17. This might be one of the mechanisms of serum CX3CL1 elevation and disease progression in patients with alcoholic CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Uchida
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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95
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Tsutsumi T, Kajiya H, Goto K, Takahashi Y, Okabe K. Hyperocclusion Up-regulates CCL3 Expression in CCL2- and CCR2-deficient Mice. J Dent Res 2012; 92:65-70. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512467803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive mechanical stress (MS) during hyperocclusion is known to result in disappearance of the alveolar hard line, enlargement of the periodontal ligament (PDL) space, and destruction of alveolar bone, leading to occlusal traumatism. We have recently reported that MS induces predominantly C-C chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 expression in PDL tissues, leading, via C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 2, to MS-dependent osteoclastogenesis in alveolar bone. Thus, we hypothesize that ablation of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway should suppress MS-induced osteoclastogenesis-associated chemokines and alleviate occlusal traumatism. We examined the effect of MS on chemokine expression and osteoclastogenesis using in vivo and in vitro hyperocclusion models with CCL2-deficient (CCL2(-/-)) and CCR2-deficient (CCR2(-/-)) mice. Compared with that in wild-type mice, expression of CCL3 in PDL cells and TRAP-positive cells in alveolar bone from CCL2(-/-) and CCR2(-/-) mice was up-regulated, even in the absence of MS. Furthermore, the expression of CCL3 and TRAP-positive cells was significantly increased after both 4 and 7 days of hyperocclusal MS loading in CCL2(-/-) and CCR2(-/-) mice. Hyperocclusion induced compensatory CCL3 expression and promoted osteoclastogenesis to counterbalance deficient CCL2/CCR2 signaling, suggesting that co-expression of CCL3 with CCL2 may precipitate synergistic, MS-dependent alveolar bone destruction during occlusal traumatism. Abbreviations: MS, mechanical stress; PDL, periodontal ligament; CCL2, CC chemokine ligand 2 (MCP-1; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1); CCR2, CC chemokine receptor 2; CCL3, CC chemokine ligand 3 (MIP-1α); CCL5, CC chemokine ligand 5 (RANTES).
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Tsutsumi
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 8140193, Japan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H. Kajiya
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 8140193, Japan
| | - K.T. Goto
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Fukuoka College of Health Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y. Takahashi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K. Okabe
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 8140193, Japan
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96
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Inflammatory synovial fluid microenvironment drives primary human chondrocytes to actively take part in inflammatory joint diseases. Immunol Res 2012; 52:169-75. [PMID: 21979468 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-011-8247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of human chondrocytes in the pathogenesis of cartilage degradation in rheumatic joint diseases has presently gained increasing interest. An active chondrocyte participation in local inflammation may play a role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory joint diseases and in a disruption of cartilage repair mechanisms resulting in cartilage degradation. In the present study, we hypothesized that inflammatory synovial fluid triggers human chondrocytes to actively take part in inflammatory processes in rheumatic joint diseases. Primary human chondrocytes were incubated in synovial fluids gained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis arthritis and reactive arthritis. The detection of vital cell numbers was determined by using Casy Cell Counter System. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V and 7AAD staining. Cytokine and chemokine secretion was determined by a multiplex suspension array. Detection of vital cells showed a highly significant decrease in chondrocyte numbers. Flow cytometry demonstrated a significant increase in apoptotic chondrocytes after the incubation. An active secretion of cytokines such as MCP-1 and MIF by chondrocytes was observed. The inflammatory synovial fluid microenvironment mediates apoptosis and cell death of chondrocytes. Moreover, in terms of cytokine secretion, it also induces an active participation of chondrocytes in ongoing inflammation.
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97
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Kitahara K, Kusunoki N, Takahashi H, Tsuchiya K, Kawai S. Tacrolimus down-regulates chemokine expressions on rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts: screening by a DNA microarray. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1385-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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98
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Lee YR, Hwang JK, Koh HW, Jang KY, Lee JH, Park JW, Park BH. Sulfuretin, a major flavonoid isolated from Rhus verniciflua, ameliorates experimental arthritis in mice. Life Sci 2012; 90:799-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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99
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Szarka E, Neer Z, Balogh P, Adori M, Angyal A, Prechl J, Kiss E, Kövesdi D, Sármay G. Exacerbation of collagen induced arthritis by Fcγ receptor targeted collagen peptide due to enhanced inflammatory chemokine and cytokine production. Biologics 2012; 6:101-15. [PMID: 22532778 PMCID: PMC3333823 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s29749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies specific for bovine type II collagen (CII) and Fcγ receptors play a major role in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to clarify the mechanism of immune complex-mediated inflammation and modulation of the disease. CII pre-immunized DBA/1 mice were intravenously boosted with extravidin coupled biotinylated monomeric CII-peptide epitope (ARGLTGRPGDA) and its complexes with biotinylated FcγRII/III specific single chain Fv (scFv) fragment. Disease scores were monitored, antibody titers and cytokines were determined by ELISA, and binding of complexes was detected by flow cytometry and immune histochemistry. Cytokine and chemokine secretion was monitored by protein profiler microarray. When intravenously administered into collagen-primed DBA/1 mice, both CII-peptide and its complex with 2.4G2 scFv significantly accelerated CIA and increased the severity of the disease, whereas the monomeric peptide and monomeric 2.4G2 scFv had no effect. FcγRII/III targeted CII-peptide complexes bound to marginal zone macrophages and dendritic cells, and significantly elevated the synthesis of peptide-specific IgG2a. Furthermore, CII-peptide containing complexes augmented the in vivo secretion of cytokines, including IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and chemokines (CXCL13, MIP-1, MIP-2). These data indicate that complexes formed by the CII-peptide epitope aggravate CIA by inducing the secretion of chemokines and the IL-12/23 family of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results suggest that the in vivo emerging immune complexes formed with autoantigen(s) may trigger the IL-12/23 dependent pathways, escalating the inflammation in RA. Thus blockade of these cytokines may be beneficial to downregulate immune complex-induced inflammation in autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szarka
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest
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100
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Lee YR, Hwang JK, Lee HS, Cheon YJ, Ryu JH, Lee SI, Kwak HB, Lee SM, Kim JS, Park JW, Jeon R, Park BH. SPA0355, a thiourea analogue, inhibits inflammatory responses and joint destruction in fibroblast-like synoviocytes and mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:794-806. [PMID: 21501144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NF-κB has been implicated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We previously synthesized a thiourea analogue, SPA0355, which suppressed NF-κB activity. Here we have assessed the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of SPA0355. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the effects of SPA0355 on human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro and on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice in vivo. KEY RESULTS In vitro experiments demonstrated that SPA0355 suppressed chemokine production, matrix metalloproteinase secretion and cell proliferation induced by TNF-α in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In addition, SPA0355 inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, in bone marrow macrophages. Mice with CIA that were pretreated with SPA0355 had a lower cumulative disease incidence and severity of arthritis, based on hind paw thickness, radiological and histopathological findings, and inflammatory cytokine levels, than mice treated with vehicle. Mice treated with SPA0355, after the onset of CIA, also showed significantly decreased disease incidence and joint oedema. The in vitro and in vivo protective effects of SPA0355 were mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB signalling pathway. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results suggested that using SPA0355 to block the NF-κB pathway in rheumatoid joints reduced both the inflammatory responses and tissue destruction. Therefore, SPA0355 may have therapeutic value in preventing or delaying joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, and Diabetes Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
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