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Hwang HS, Lee MH, Kim HA. Fibronectin fragment inhibits xylosyltransferase-1 expression by regulating Sp1/Sp3- dependent transcription in articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:833-843. [PMID: 30685487 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of 29-kDa amino-terminal fibronectin fragment (29-kDa FN-f) on xylosyltransferase-1 (XT-1), an essential anabolic enzyme that catalyzes the initial and rate-determining step in glycosaminoglycan chain synthesis, in human primary chondrocytes. METHODS Proteoglycan and XT-1 expression in cartilage tissue was analyzed using safranin O staining and immunohistochemistry. The effects of 29-kDa FN-f on XT-1 expression and its relevant signaling pathway were analyzed by quantitative real-time-PCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunoprecipitation assays. The receptors for 29-kDa FN-f were investigated using small interference RNA and blocking antibodies. RESULTS The expression of XT-1 was significantly lower in human osteoarthritis cartilage than in normal cartilage. Intra-articular injection of 29-kDa FN-f reduced proteoglycan levels and XT-1 expression in murine cartilage. In addition, in 29-kDa FN-f-treated cells, XT-1 expression was significantly suppressed at both the mRNA and protein levels, modulated by the transcription factors specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3, and activator protein 1 (AP-1). The 29-kDa FN-f suppressed the binding of Sp1 to the promoter region of XT-1 and enhanced the binding of Sp3 and AP-1. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways restored the 29-kDa FN-f-inhibited XT-1 expression, along with the altered expression of Sp1 and Sp3. Blockading toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and integrin α5β1 via siRNA and blocking antibodies revealed that the effects of 29-kDa FN-f on XT-1 expression were mediated through the TLR-2 and integrin α5β1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that 29-kDa FN-f negatively affects cartilage anabolism by regulating glycosaminoglycan formation through XT-1.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/enzymology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/enzymology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibronectins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/enzymology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Pentosyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pentosyltransferases/biosynthesis
- Pentosyltransferases/genetics
- Pentosyltransferases/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Sp3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transcription Factor AP-1/genetics
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- UDP Xylose-Protein Xylosyltransferase
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hwang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, South Korea; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea.
| | - M H Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, South Korea; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea.
| | - H A Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, South Korea; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea.
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52
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Yu C, Shi D, Li Z, Wan G, Shi X. Long noncoding RNA CHRF exacerbates IL-6-induced inflammatory damages by downregulating microRNA-146a in ATDC5 cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21851-21859. [PMID: 31026064 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent chronic musculoskeletal disorder which lacks applicably effective therapeutic strategy. In this study, we attempted to investigate whether long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) cardiac hypertrophy-related factor (CHRF) participated in mediating interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced in vitro inflammatory damages as well as the regulatory mechanisms. ATDC5 cells were stimulated with IL-6, and then cellular damages were evaluated on the basis of cell viability by CCK-8, apoptotic cells by observation with flow cytometry, apoptosis-associated proteins by western blot analysis, and accumulation of inflammatory factors by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot analysis. Then, effects of lncRNA CHRF on IL-6-treated cells were evaluated. We further explored the downstream factor of lncRNA CHRF and demonstrated whether lncRNA CHRF functioned through the downstream factor. Afterwards, crucial signaling cascades were anatomized. We found that IL-6 reduced cell viability, elevated apoptosis, induced upregulation of inflammatory factors, as well as upregulated lncRNA CHRF and down-regulated miR-146a expression. Then, we found lncRNA CHRF overexpression aggravated IL-6-induced alterations, and lncRNA CHRF knockdown showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, miR-146a was identified to be negatively regulated by lncRNA CHRF, and its overexpression abrogated the roles of lncRNA CHRF in IL-6-treated cells. IL-6-induced the accumulation of IκBα, p65, JAK1, and STAT3 at phosphorylated level was further facilitated by lncRNA CHRF whereas repressed by miR-146a. In conclusion, lncRNA CHRF aggravated the IL-6-induced inflammatory damages in ATDC5 cells. We further outlined a possible mechanism that through downregulating miR-146a, lncRNA CHRF evoked the activation of NF-κB and JAK1/STAT3 signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Donglei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Guang Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma & Hand and Foot Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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53
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Ruan G, Xu J, Wang K, Zheng S, Wu J, Ren J, Bian F, Chang B, Zhu Z, Han W, Ding C. Associations between serum S100A8/S100A9 and knee symptoms, joint structures and cartilage enzymes in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:99-105. [PMID: 30240939 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal studies suggest that S100A8/S100A9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA); however, there has been no clinical study examining the associations between serum S100A8/S100A9 and knee symptoms, joint structures and cartilage degradation enzymes in knee OA patients so far. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional associations between serum levels of S100A8/S100A9 and the outcomes in patients with knee OA. DESIGN A total of 141 subjects with clinical knee OA were included. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score was used to assess joint symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure knee structural abnormalities including cartilage defects. Knee radiography was used to assess joint space narrowing (JSN), osteophytes and the radiographic severity of OA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of S100A8/S100A9, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP10 and MMP13. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, serum S100A8/S100A9 were positively associated with total WOMAC score (β: 0.111 per 10 ng/ml, P = 0.021), WOMAC weight-bearing pain (β: 0.015 per 10 ng/ml, P = 0.043) and WOMAC physical dysfunction (β: 0.091 per 10 ng/ml, P = 0.010), and had positive associations with total cartilage defects and cartilage defects at lateral femoral, lateral tibial and medial femoral sites (ORs: 1.006-1.008 per 10 ng/ml, all P < 0.05) and serum levels of MMP3 (β: 0.002 per 10 ng/ml, P = 0.032) in patients with clinical knee OA. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of S100A8/S100A9 were positively associated with increased knee symptoms, cartilage defects and serum cartilage degradation enzymes in patients with knee OA, suggesting that S100A8/S100A9 may have a role to play in knee OA. Future longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - J Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - K Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - S Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - J Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - J Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - F Bian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - B Chang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Z Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - W Han
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - C Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Huang Z, Perry E, Huebner JL, Katz B, Li YJ, Kraus VB. Biomarkers of inflammation - LBP and TLR- predict progression of knee osteoarthritis in the DOXY clinical trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1658-1665. [PMID: 30144513 PMCID: PMC6263786 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate systemic inflammatory biomarkers in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and their association with radiographic and biochemical OA progression. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein (LBP), soluble Toll-like receptor 4 (sTLR4) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured in plasma of 431 knee OA patients from the doxycycline (DOXY) trial at baseline and 18 months. Plasma lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were also measured at 12 months. As a biochemical indicator of disease activity and OA progression, urinary (u) C-telopeptide of Type II collagen (uCTX-II) was measured in samples collected at baseline and 18 months. Change over 16 months in radiographic tibiofemoral joint space width (JSW in mm) and joint space narrowing (JSN≥0.5 mm) were used to indicate radiographic OA progression. Change over 18 months for uCTX-II was used as a secondary outcome. Both univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to test the association between Z-score transformed biomarkers and outcomes. RESULTS Baseline LBP and time-integrated concentration (TIC) of LBP over 12 and 18 months were associated with worsening joint space width (JSW) (parameter estimates: -0.1 to -0.07) and JSN (OR: 1.32 to 1.42) adjusting for treatment group, age, body mass index (BMI) and corresponding baseline radiographic measures. Baseline sTLR4 and TIC over 18 months were associated with change in uCTX-II over 18 months (adjusted parameter estimates: 0.0017 to 0.0020). Results were not modified by treatment with doxycycline. CONCLUSION Plasma LBP and sTLR4 were associated with knee OA progression over 16-18 months. These results lend further support for a role of systemic low-grade inflammation in the pathogenesis of knee OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZeYu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, SiChuan University, ChengDu, SiChuan Province, People’s Republic of China;,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily Perry
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barry Katz
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Correspondence Virginia Byers Kraus Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701-2047 USA, Tel: +1-919-681-6652/Fax: 919-684-8907/
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55
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van den Bosch MHJ. Inflammation in osteoarthritis: is it time to dampen the alarm(in) in this debilitating disease? Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:153-166. [PMID: 30421798 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that strongly reduces the quality of life in patients; However, no disease-modifying therapy is available. For a long time, OA was considered a non-inflammatory disease that was the result of 'wear-and-tear' and abnormal mechanics, and therefore many considered the term 'osteoarthritis' a misnomer. However, during the last decades the notion arose that inflammation is not only present in the majority of OA patients but, rather, actively involved in the progression of the disease. Influx of immune cells is observed in the synovium and a plethora of inflammatory mediators is present in tissues and fluids from OA patients. These mediators cause the production of degrading enzymes that break down the cartilage matrix, which is the main hallmark of OA. Alarmins, which belong to the group of danger signals, have been implicated in many inflammatory diseases. They are among the first factors to be released upon cell stress due to, for example, infection, damage and inflammation. They attract and activate cells of the immune system and therefore lie at the base of the inflammatory reaction. In this narrative review, an overview of the history of OA, the evolving concept of inflammation as important factor in the OA pathogenesis, and particularly the central role that alarmins play in the initiation and maintenance of the low-grade inflammatory response in OA, is provided. Moreover, the targeting of alarmins as a promising approach to dampen the inflammation in OA is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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56
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Choudhary V, Uaratanawong R, Patel RR, Patel H, Bao W, Hartney B, Cohen E, Chen X, Zhong Q, Isales CM, Bollag WB. Phosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Inflammation by Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:868-877. [PMID: 30391260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and inflammation. We previously showed that phosphatidylglycerol (PG) can regulate keratinocyte function and suppress skin inflammation. Based on data suggesting that PG can inhibit toll-like receptor (TLR) activation induced by microorganisms and their components, we determined whether PG can inhibit TLR activation in response to antimicrobial peptides. These peptides, which are up-regulated in psoriasis, are known to function as danger-associated molecular patterns (i.e., DAMPs) to activate TLRs and the innate immune system. Because S100A9 is elevated in psoriatic skin and in animal models of psoriasis, we selected S100A9 as a representative antimicrobial peptide DAMP. We showed that in primary keratinocytes and a macrophage cell line, PG suppressed inflammatory mediator production induced by recombinant S100A9 functioning through both TLR2 and TLR4. In addition, PG, but not phosphatidylcholine, inhibited downstream S100A9-elicited TLR2 and NF-κB activation. These results, to our knowledge previously unreported, show PG's ability to inhibit DAMP-induced TLR activation, thereby reducing inflammatory signals. In addition, topical PG ameliorated skin lesions and inflammation in a mouse model of psoriasis. Together, these results suggest the possibility of developing PG as a therapy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rawipan Uaratanawong
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ravi R Patel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hirel Patel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wendi Bao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bernadette Hartney
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elyssa Cohen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
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57
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Yun J, Xiao T, Zhou L, Beuerman RW, Li J, Zhao Y, Hadayer A, Zhang X, Sun D, Kaplan HJ, Shao H. Local S100A8 Levels Correlate With Recurrence of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and Promote Pathogenic T Cell Activity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:1332-1342. [PMID: 29625456 PMCID: PMC5846334 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Methods Recurrent EAU was induced in Lewis rats by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) R16-peptide specific T cells (tEAU). Aqueous humor and serum samples were kinetically collected and DAMPs examined by quantitative proteomics, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. tEAU rats were treated with S100 inhibitor paquinimod followed by disease evaluation. The functions of T effector cells and T regulatory cells (Tregs) were compared between treated and nontreated groups. The expression of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells was examined by flow cytometry. Results S100A8, but not high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in the eye was found to be correlated with intraocular inflammatory episodes. Administration of paquinimod significantly protected tEAU rats from recurrence. Treated tEAU rats had fewer R16-specific Th1 and Th17 cells, but increased numbers of Tregs. R16-specific T cells from treated tEAU rats into naïve recipients prevented induction of tEAU by R16-specific T cells from nontreated tEAU rats. Moreover, APCs from treated tEAU rats expressed higher levels of a negative costimulatory molecule, CD200R, and lower levels of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II molecules compared to APCs from nontreated tEAU rats. An opposite pattern of expression of these molecules was observed on APCs incubated in vitro with recombinant S100A8. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a link between local expression of DAMPs and autoimmune responses, and suggest that complete S100A8/A9 blockade may be a new therapeutic target in recurrent autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sullivan University College of Pharmacy, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Amir Hadayer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Uveitis & Ocular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
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58
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Ribitsch I, Mayer RL, Egerbacher M, Gabner S, Kańduła MM, Rosser J, Haltmayer E, Auer U, Gültekin S, Huber J, Bileck A, Kreil DP, Gerner C, Jenner F. Fetal articular cartilage regeneration versus adult fibrocartilaginous repair: secretome proteomics unravels molecular mechanisms in an ovine model. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/7/dmm033092. [PMID: 29991479 PMCID: PMC6078409 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide owing to the limited regenerative capacity of adult articular cartilage. Currently, there are no disease-modifying pharmacological or surgical therapies for OA. Fetal mammals, in contrast to adults, are capable of regenerating injured cartilage in the first two trimesters of gestation. A deeper understanding of the properties intrinsic to the response of fetal tissue to injury would allow us to modulate the way in which adult tissue responds to injury. In this study, we employed secretome proteomics to compare fetal and adult protein regulation in response to cartilage injury using an ovine cartilage defect model. The most relevant events comprised proteins associated with the immune response and inflammation, proteins specific for cartilage tissue and cartilage development, and proteins involved in cell growth and proliferation. Alarmins S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 and coiled-coil domain containing 88A (CCDC88A), which are associated with inflammatory processes, were found to be significantly upregulated following injury in adult, but not in fetal animals. By contrast, cartilage-specific proteins like proteoglycan 4 were upregulated in response to injury only in fetal sheep postinjury. Our results demonstrate the power and relevance of the ovine fetal cartilage regeneration model presented here for the first time. The identification of previously unrecognized modulatory proteins that plausibly affect the healing process holds great promise for potential therapeutic interventions. Summary: Secretome proteomics identifies differential regulation of inflammation modulators during fetal and adult articular cartilage defect healing, offering novel strategies for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Rupert L Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Histology & Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Simone Gabner
- Histology & Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Maciej M Kańduła
- Department of Biotechnology, Boku University Vienna, Vienna 1180, Austria.,Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Julie Rosser
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Eva Haltmayer
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Ulrike Auer
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Sinan Gültekin
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Johann Huber
- Teaching and Research Farm Kremesberg, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - David P Kreil
- Department of Biotechnology, Boku University Vienna, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
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Gu A, Kim DH, Lee NR, Kim IS, Lee JS. Chemotactic effect of S100A8 and S100A9 on human eosinophilic leukemia cells, EoL-1 through TLR4. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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60
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Tahvili S, Törngren M, Holmberg D, Leanderson T, Ivars F. Paquinimod prevents development of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196598. [PMID: 29742113 PMCID: PMC5942776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline-3-carboxamides (Q compounds) are immunomodulatory compounds that have shown efficacy both in autoimmune disease and cancer. We have in here investigated the impact of one such compound, paquinimod, on the development of diabetes in the NOD mouse model for type I diabetes (T1D). In cohorts of NOD mice treated with paquinimod between weeks 10 to 20 of age and followed up until 40 weeks of age, we observed dose-dependent reduction in incidence of disease as well as delayed onset of disease. Further, in contrast to untreated controls, the majority of NOD mice treated from 15 weeks of age did not develop diabetes at 30 weeks of age. Importantly, these mice displayed significantly less insulitis, which correlated with selectively reduced number of splenic macrophages and splenic Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes at end point as compared to untreated controls. Collectively, these results demonstrate that paquinimod treatment can significantly inhibit progression of insulitis to T1D in the NOD mouse. We propose that the effect of paquinimod on disease progression may be related to the reduced number of these myeloid cell populations. Our finding also indicates that this compound could be a candidate for clinical development towards diabetes therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Tahvili
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Dan Holmberg
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Leanderson
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Active Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ivars
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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61
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Alonso-Pérez A, Franco-Trepat E, Guillán-Fresco M, Jorge-Mora A, López V, Pino J, Gualillo O, Gómez R. Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 on Osteoblast Metabolism and Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:504. [PMID: 29867550 PMCID: PMC5952219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a process whose main function is to fight against invading pathogens or foreign agents. Nonetheless, it is widely accepted that inflammation takes part in multiple processes in a physiological or pathophysiological context. Among these processes the inflammation has been closely related to bone metabolism. It is well-known that in systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis the inflammatory environment contributes to the reduction of the bone mineral density. This has been further evidenced in different animals models of osteoporosis where the deletion of key inflammatory molecules dramatically reduced the bone loss. On the contrary, it is also well-known that certain degree of inflammation is required to allow bone fractures healing. In fact, excessive use of anti-inflammatory drugs inhibits bone fracture consolidation. The innate immune responses (IIRs) contribute to the development and maintenance of the inflammation. These responses have been observed in cells of the musculoskeletal system. Chondrocytes and osteoblasts are equipped with the molecular repertoire necessary to setting up these IIR, including the expression of several toll-like receptors. Specifically, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteocytes has been involved in catabolic and anabolic process. Accordingly, in this review we have summarized the current knowledge about the physiology of TLR4, including its signaling, and its endogenous agonists. In addition we have focused on its role on osteoblast metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alonso-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Laboratory 18, Institute IDIS, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eloi Franco-Trepat
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Laboratory 18, Institute IDIS, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Guillán-Fresco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Laboratory 18, Institute IDIS, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Jorge-Mora
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Laboratory 18, Institute IDIS, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Traumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Verónica López
- NEIRID LAB, Laboratory 9, Institute IDIS, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Pino
- Division of Traumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- NEIRID LAB, Laboratory 9, Institute IDIS, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- NEIRID LAB, Laboratory 9, Institute IDIS, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Laboratory 18, Institute IDIS, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Vojinovic J. Toward a Multibiomarker Panel to Optimize Outcome and Predict Response in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:451-453. [PMID: 29606644 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vojinovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Nis, Serbia. vojinovic.jelena@gmail
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Schenten V, Plançon S, Jung N, Hann J, Bueb JL, Bréchard S, Tschirhart EJ, Tolle F. Secretion of the Phosphorylated Form of S100A9 from Neutrophils Is Essential for the Proinflammatory Functions of Extracellular S100A8/A9. Front Immunol 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 29593718 PMCID: PMC5859079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are members of the S100 family of cytoplasmic EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins and are abundantly expressed in the cytosol of neutrophils. In addition to their intracellular roles, S100A8/A9 can be secreted in the extracellular environment and are considered as alarmins able to amplify the inflammatory response. The intracellular activity of S100A8/A9 was shown to be regulated by S100A9 phosphorylation, but the importance of this phosphorylation on the extracellular activity of S100A8/A9 has not yet been extensively studied. Our work focuses on the impact of the phosphorylation state of secreted S100A9 on the proinflammatory function of neutrophils. In a first step, we characterized the secretion of S100A8/A9 in different stimulatory conditions and investigated the phosphorylation state of secreted S100A9. Our results on neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells and purified human neutrophils showed a time-dependent secretion of S100A8/A9 when induced by phorbol 12-myristoyl 13-acetate and this secreted S100A9 was found in a phosphorylated form. Second, we evaluated the impact of this phosphorylation on proinflammatory cytokine expression and secretion in dHL-60 cells. Time course experiments with purified unphosphorylated or phosphorylated S100A8/A9 were performed and the expression and secretion levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL8 were measured by real-time PCR and cytometry bead array, respectively. Our results demonstrate that only the phosphorylated form of the complex induces proinflammatory cytokine expression and secretion. For the first time, we provide evidence that S100A8/PhosphoS100A9 is inducing cytokine secretion through toll-like receptor 4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Schenten
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Plançon
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas Jung
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Justine Hann
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Luc Bueb
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sabrina Bréchard
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Eric J Tschirhart
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Fabrice Tolle
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Liu J, Tang LY, Wang YG, Lu SY, Zhang EN, Wang ZG, Zhang HX. Identification of MAVS as a Novel Risk Factor for the Development of Osteoarthritis. Aging Dis 2018; 9:40-50. [PMID: 29392080 PMCID: PMC5772857 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicated that inflammatory response and some pattern-recognition receptors play important roles in the occurrence and progression of osteoarthritis. This study is conducted to evaluate the role of RIG-I and its adaptor protein MAVS in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Four SNPs in RIG-I gene and four in MAVS gene were genotyped in 1056 Chinese Han population. We also overexpressed MAVS in murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells and analyzed the cell viability and apoptosis. Rs11795343 (P-allele: 0.063394) in RIG-I, rs17857295 (P-allele: 0.073518) and rs7262903 (P-allele: 0.054052, P-genotype: 0.067930) in MAVS were marginally associated with OA. Rs7269320 (P-allele: 0.014783, P-genotype: 0.03272) in MAVS was significant associated with OA. Further analyses in different genders indicated that rs7262903 (P-allele: 0.017256, P-genotype: 0.045683) and rs7269320 (P-allele: 0.013073, P-genotype: 0.038881) are significantly associated with OA in female group. Haplotype analyses indicated G-C-G (χ2: 4.328, P-value: 0.037503) in rs10813821-rs11795343-rs659527 block of RIG-I, G-C-A-T (χ2: 4.056, P-value: 0.044028) and G-C-C-C (χ2: 14.295, P-value: 0.000158) in rs17857295-rs2326369-rs7262903-rs7269320 block of MAVS were significantly associated with OA. Furthermore, forced expression of MAVS could suppress the viability and promote the apoptosis of ATDC5 chondrogenic cells. In conclusion, this study indicated that RIG-I and MAVS are probably associated with OA in the females of Chinese Han population. And MAVS might be a novel risk factor for OA which may involve in growth of chondrocytes and cartilage homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- 1Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ling-Yun Tang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research center for experimental medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan-Gui Wang
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264008, China
| | - Shun-Yuan Lu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research center for experimental medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - En-Ning Zhang
- 4Department of Medical Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Zhu-Gang Wang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research center for experimental medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research center for experimental medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Weber A, Chan PMB, Wen C. Do immune cells lead the way in subchondral bone disturbance in osteoarthritis? PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 148:21-31. [PMID: 29277342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disorder, and non-cartilage articular pathologies, e.g. subchondral bone disturbance, contribute substantially to the onset and progression of the disease. In the early stage of OA, abnormal mechanical loading leads to micro-cracks or micro-fractures that trigger a reparative process with angiogenesis and inflammatory response. With the progression of disease, cystic lesion, sclerosis and osteophytosis occur at tissue level, and osteoblast dysfunction at cellular level. Osteoblasts derived from OA sclerotic bone produce increased amount of type I collagen with aberrant Col1A1/A2 ratio and poor mineralization capability. The coupling mechanism of bone resorption with formation is also impaired with elevated osteoclastic activities. All these suggest a view that OA subchondral bone presents a defective fracture repair process in a chronic course. It has been found that T and B cells, the major effectors in the adaptive immunity, take part in the hard callus formation at fracture site in addition to the initial phase of haematoma and inflammation. Infiltration of lymphocytes could interplay with osteoclasts and osteoblasts via a direct physical cell-to-cell contact. Several lines of evidence have consistently shown the involvement of T and B cells in osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in arthritic joints. Yet the biological link between immune cells and osteoblastic function remains ambiguous. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of immune cells in bone remodelling, and address its implications in emerging basic and clinical investigations into the pathogenesis and management of subchondral bone pathologies in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Pok Man Boris Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
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Desando G, Giavaresi G, Cavallo C, Bartolotti I, Sartoni F, Nicoli Aldini N, Martini L, Parrilli A, Mariani E, Fini M, Grigolo B. Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrate in a Sheep Model of Osteoarthritis: New Perspectives for Cartilage and Meniscus Repair. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 22:608-19. [PMID: 27151837 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell-based therapies are becoming a valuable tool to treat osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated and compared the regenerative potential of bone marrow concentrate (BMC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), both engineered with Hyaff(®)-11 (HA) for OA treatment in a sheep model. METHODS OA was induced via unilateral medial meniscectomy. Bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest, followed by concentration processes or cell isolation and expansion to obtain BMC and MSC, respectively. Treatments consisted of autologous BMC and MSC seeded onto HA. The regenerative potential of bone, cartilage, menisci, and synovia was monitored using macroscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro-computed tomography at 12 weeks post-op. Data were analyzed using the general linear model with adjusted Sidak's multiple comparison and Spearman's tests. RESULTS BMC-HA treatment showed a greater repair ability in inhibiting OA progression compared to MSC-HA, leading to a reduction of inflammation in cartilage, meniscus, and synovium. Indeed, the decrease of inflammation positively contributed to counteract the progression of fibrotic and hypertrophic processes, known to be involved in tissue failure. Moreover, the treatment with BMC-HA showed the best results in allowing meniscus regeneration. Minor healing effects were noticed at bone level for both cell strategies; however, a downregulation of subchondral bone thickness (Cs.Th) was found in both cell treatments compared to the OA group in the femur. CONCLUSION The transplantation of BMC-HA provided the best effects in supporting regenerative processes in cartilage, meniscus, and synovium and at less extent in bone. On the whole, both MSC and BMC combined with HA reduced inflammation and contributed to switch off fibrotic and hypertrophic processes. The observed regenerative potential by BMC-HA on meniscus could open new perspectives, suggesting its use not only for OA care but also for the treatment of meniscal lesions, even if further analyses are necessary to confirm its healing potential at long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Desando
- 1 Laboratory RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- 2 Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy .,3 Laboratory BITTA, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Cavallo
- 1 Laboratory RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Bartolotti
- 4 Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Sartoni
- 1 Laboratory RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolò Nicoli Aldini
- 2 Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy .,3 Laboratory BITTA, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Martini
- 2 Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy .,3 Laboratory BITTA, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Erminia Mariani
- 4 Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy .,5 Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- 2 Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy .,3 Laboratory BITTA, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- 1 Laboratory RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy .,4 Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna, Italy
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Rai V, Agrawal DK. The role of damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns in inflammation-mediated vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1245-1253. [PMID: 28746820 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Plaque formation starts with the inflammation in fatty streaks and progresses through atheroma, atheromatous plaque, and fibroatheroma leading to development of stable plaque. Hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia are the risk factors for atherosclerosis. Inflammation, infection with viruses and bacteria, and dysregulation in the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells leads to advanced plaque formation. Death of the cells in the intima due to inflammation results in secretion of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), alarmins (S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins), and infection with pathogens leads to secretion of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, and peptidoglycans. DAMPs and PAMPs further activate the inflammatory surface receptors such as TREM-1 and toll-like receptors and downstream signaling kinases and transcription factors leading to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon-γ and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These mediators and cytokines along with MMPs render the plaque vulnerable for rupture leading to ischemic events. In this review, we have discussed the role of DAMPs and PAMPs in association with inflammation-mediated plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Rosenberg JH, Rai V, Dilisio MF, Sekundiak TD, Agrawal DK. Increased expression of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in osteoarthritis of human knee joint compared to hip joint. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 436:59-69. [PMID: 28573383 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by the destruction of cartilage. The greatest risk factors for the development of OA include age and obesity. Recent studies suggest the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of OA. The two most common locations for OA to occur are in the knee and hip joints. The knee joint experiences more mechanical stress, cartilage degeneration, and inflammation than the hip joint. This could contribute to the increased incidence of OA in the knee joint. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including high-mobility group box-1, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and alarmins (S100A8 and S100A9), are released in the joint in response to stress-mediated chondrocyte and cartilage damage. This facilitates increased cartilage degradation and inflammation in the joint. Studies have documented the role of DAMPs in the pathogenesis of OA; however, the comparison of DAMPs and its influence on OA has not been discussed. In this study, we compared the DAMPs between OA knee and hip joints and found a significant difference in the levels of DAMPs expressed in the knee joint compared to the hip joint. The increased levels of DAMPs suggest a difference in the underlying pathogenesis of OA in the knee and the hip and highlights DAMPs as potential therapeutic targets for OA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Rosenberg
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Matthew F Dilisio
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.,Orthopedic Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Todd D Sekundiak
- Orthopedic Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA. .,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, The Peekie Nash Carpenter Endowed Chair in Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
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Rosenberg JH, Rai V, Dilisio MF, Agrawal DK. Damage-associated molecular patterns in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: potentially novel therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:171-179. [PMID: 28474284 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that degrades the joints and is often associated with increasing age and obesity. The two most common sites of OA in adults are the knee and hip joints. Increased mechanical stress on the joint from obesity can cause the articular cartilage to degrade and release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs are involved in various molecular pathways that interact with nuclear factor-kappa B and result in the transcription of inflammatory cytokines and activation of matrix metalloproteinases that progressively destroy cartilage. This review focuses on the interactions and contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of OA through the DAMPs: high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1), the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), the alarmin proteins S100A8 and S100A9, and heparan sulfate. HMGB-1 is released from damaged or necrotic cells and interacts with toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RAGE to induce inflammatory signals, as well as behave as an inflammatory cytokine to activate innate immune cells. RAGE interacts with HMGB-1, advanced glycation end-products, and innate immune cells to increase local inflammation. The alarmin proteins are released following cell damage and interact through TLRs to increase local inflammation and cartilage degradation. Heparan sulfate has been shown to facilitate the binding of HMGB-1 to RAGE and could play a role in the progression of OA. Targeting these DAMPs may be the potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Rosenberg
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Matthew F Dilisio
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
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Lahm A, Dabravolski D, Spank H, Merk H, Esser J, Kasch R. Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:249-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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van Dalen SCM, Blom AB, Slöetjes AW, Helsen MMA, Roth J, Vogl T, van de Loo FAJ, Koenders MI, van der Kraan PM, van den Berg WB, van den Bosch MHJ, van Lent PLEM. Interleukin-1 is not involved in synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction in collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:385-396. [PMID: 27654963 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an alleged important cytokine in osteoarthritis (OA), although the exact contribution of IL-1 to joint destruction remains unclear. Here we investigated the involvement of IL-1α and IL-1β in joint pathology during collagenase-induced OA (CiOA). METHODS CiOA was induced in wild type (WT) and IL-1αβ-/- mice. Additionally, IL-1 signaling was inhibited in WT mice with CiOA using osmotic pumps containing IL-1RA. Joint pathology was assessed using histology. Activity of cartilage-degrading enzymes was determined using antibodies against aggrecan neo-epitopes VDIPEN and NITEGE. Synovial gene expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Serum protein levels were measured with Luminex or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Synovial IL-1β expression was strongly elevated 7 days after induction of CiOA in WT mice but decreased afterwards, whereas S100A8/A9, previously described to aggravate OA, remained elevated for 21 days. Remarkably, synovial inflammation was comparable between WT and IL-1αβ-/- mice on day 7 of CiOA. In line, synovial mRNA expression of genes involved in IL-1 signaling and inflammatory mediators was comparable between WT and IL-1αβ-/- mice, and serum levels for Keratinocyte Chemoattractant (KC)/IL-6/S100A8/S100A9/IL-10 were equal. Synovial matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/aggrecanase expression and activity in cartilage was not different in WT and IL-1αβ-/- mice on day 7 of CiOA. Cartilage destruction on day 42 was not different between WT and IL-1αβ-/- mice, which was supported by our finding that IL-1RA treatment in WT mice with CiOA did not alter joint destruction. CONCLUSIONS IL-1α and IL-1β are not involved in synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction during CiOA, implicating that other mediators are responsible for the joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C M van Dalen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A W Slöetjes
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M M A Helsen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - J Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - T Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - F A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M I Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - W B van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - P L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Smith MM, Clarke EC, Little CB. Considerations for the design and execution of protocols for animal research and treatment to improve reproducibility and standardization: "DEPART well-prepared and ARRIVE safely". Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:354-363. [PMID: 27816577 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the factors in experimental design that contribute to poor translation of pre-clinical research to therapies for patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and how this might be improved. METHODS Narrative review of the literature, and evaluation of the different stages of design conduct and analysis of studies using animal models of OA to define specific issues that might reduce quality of evidence and how this can be minimised. RESULTS Preventing bias and improving experimental rigour and reporting are important modifiable factors to improve translation from pre-clinical animal models to successful clinical trials of therapeutic agents. Despite publication and adoption by many journals of guidelines such as Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE), experimental animal studies published in leading rheumatology journals are still deficient in their reporting. In part, this may be caused by researchers first consulting these guidelines after the completion of experiments, at the time of publication. This review discusses factors that can (1) bias the outcome of experimental studies using animal models of osteoarthritis or (2) alter the quality of evidence for translation. We propose a checklist to consult prior to starting experiments; in the Design and Execution of Protocols for Animal Research and Treatment (DEPART). CONCLUSIONS Following DEPART during the design phase will enable completion of the ARRIVE checklist at the time of publication, and thus improve the quality of evidence for inclusion of experimental animal research in meta-analyses and systematic reviews: "DEPART well-prepared and ARRIVE safely".
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Smith
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute (University of Sydney), Level 10, Kolling Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - E C Clarke
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute (University of Sydney), Level 10, Kolling Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - C B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute (University of Sydney), Level 10, Kolling Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Clarke LE, Flake DD, Busam K, Cockerell C, Helm K, McNiff J, Reed J, Tschen J, Kim J, Barnhill R, Elenitsas R, Prieto VG, Nelson J, Kimbrell H, Kolquist KA, Brown KL, Warf MB, Roa BB, Wenstrup RJ. An independent validation of a gene expression signature to differentiate malignant melanoma from benign melanocytic nevi. Cancer 2017; 123:617-628. [PMID: 27768230 PMCID: PMC5324582 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a 23-gene signature was developed to produce a melanoma diagnostic score capable of differentiating malignant and benign melanocytic lesions. The primary objective of this study was to independently assess the ability of the gene signature to differentiate melanoma from benign nevi in clinically relevant lesions. METHODS A set of 1400 melanocytic lesions was selected from samples prospectively submitted for gene expression testing at a clinical laboratory. Each sample was tested and subjected to an independent histopathologic evaluation by 3 experienced dermatopathologists. A primary diagnosis (benign or malignant) was assigned to each sample, and diagnostic concordance among the 3 dermatopathologists was required for inclusion in analyses. The sensitivity and specificity of the score in differentiating benign and malignant melanocytic lesions were calculated to assess the association between the score and the pathologic diagnosis. RESULTS The gene expression signature differentiated benign nevi from malignant melanoma with a sensitivity of 91.5% and a specificity of 92.5%. CONCLUSIONS These results reflect the performance of the gene signature in a diverse array of samples encountered in routine clinical practice. Cancer 2017;123:617-628. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Klaus Busam
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Clay Cockerell
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Klaus Helm
- Penn State Hershey DermatologyHersheyPennsylvania
| | | | - Jon Reed
- CellNetix Pathology and Laboratories LLCSeattleWashington
| | | | - Jinah Kim
- Department of PathologyStanford School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia
| | - Raymond Barnhill
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Rosalie Elenitsas
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Victor G. Prieto
- Department of PathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
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Gu H, Jiao Y, Yu X, Li X, Wang W, Ding L, Liu L. Resveratrol inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-13 and IL-6 in human articular chondrocytes via TLR4/MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling cascades. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:734-740. [PMID: 28204817 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural polyphenolic compound, resveratrol, has been shown to exhibit anti-osteoarthritic activity. Therefore it is hypothesized that resveratrol may serve as a nutritional supplement to counteract osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanisms responsible for these anti-osteoarthritic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine whether the biological effects of resveratrol against interleukin (IL)-1β‑induced inflammation in human articular chondrocytes involved both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. Human articular chondrocytes derived from patients with OA were stimulated with IL-1β, and then co-treated with resveratrol. Cell viability was subsequently evaluated by MTS assays, and the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and the pro-inflammatory factor, IL-6, were detected in culture supernatants using ELISA. The mRNA and protein levels of downstream mediators of TLR4/MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways were also assayed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Our results revealed that resveratrol prevented the IL-1β-induced reduction in cell viability. Furthermore, stimulation of the chondrocytes with IL-1β resulted in a significant upregulation of TLR4 and downstream targets of both TLR4/MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways that are associated with the synthesis of MMP-13 and IL-6. Correspondingly, IL-1β-induced catabolic and inflammatory responses were effectively reversed by resveratrol. Taken together, these data suggest that resveratrol exerted protective effects against matrix degradation and inflammation in OA-affected chondrocytes by inhibiting both TLR4/MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. Thus, resveratrol represents a potential treatment for OA and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xingyao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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Corr EM, Cunningham CC, Helbert L, McCarthy GM, Dunne A. Osteoarthritis-associated basic calcium phosphate crystals activate membrane proximal kinases in human innate immune cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:23. [PMID: 28173838 PMCID: PMC5296949 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating joint disorder of particularly high prevalence in the elderly population. Intra-articular basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals are present in the majority of OA joints and are associated with severe degeneration. They are known to activate macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and articular chondrocytes, resulting in increased cell proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). This suggests a pathogenic role in OA by causing extracellular matrix degradation and subchondral bone remodelling. There are currently no disease-modifying drugs available for crystal-associated OA; hence, the aim of this study was to explore the inflammatory pathways activated by BCP crystals in order to identify potential therapeutic targets to limit crystal-induced inflammation. Methods Primary human macrophages and dendritic cells were stimulated with BCP crystals, and activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was detected by immunoblotting. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed macrophages were pre-treated with inhibitors of Syk, PI3K, and MAPKs prior to BCP stimulation, and cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Aa an alternative, cells were treated with synovial fluid derived from osteoarthritic knees in the presence or absence of BCP crystals, and gene induction was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We demonstrate that exposure of primary human macrophages and dendritic cells to BCP crystals leads to activation of the membrane-proximal tyrosine kinases Syk and PI3K. Furthermore, we show that production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β and phosphorylation of downstream MEK and ERK MAPKs is suppressed following treatment with inhibitors of Syk or PI3K. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment of macrophages with BCP crystals induces the production of the damage-associated molecule S100A8 and MMP1 in a Syk-dependent manner and that synovial fluid from OA patients together with BCP crystals exacerbates these effects. Conclusions We identify Syk and PI3K as key signalling molecules activated by BCP crystals prior to inflammatory cytokine and DAMP expression and therefore propose that Syk and PI3K represent potential targets for the treatment of BCP-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Corr
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare C Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Helbert
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Oral Administration of Resveratrol Alleviates Osteoarthritis Pathology in C57BL/6J Mice Model Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7659023. [PMID: 28250578 PMCID: PMC5303602 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7659023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with osteoarthritis (OA) due to increased mass and metabolic factors which are independent of the biomechanical contribution to joint load. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, exerts protective effects on OA through its anti-inflammatory property. However, the mechanism of resveratrol on obesity-related OA is unclear. To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of oral resveratrol on obesity-related OA, we fed C57BL/6J mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to establish obesity-related OA model; then two doses (22.5 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg) of resveratrol were given by gavage for additional 12 weeks. Mice with HFD significantly increased body weights compared to the control mice, while resveratrol treatment did not cause obvious weight loss. Histological assessments showed that resveratrol at 45 mg/kg significantly improved OA symptoms. Levels of serum IL-1β and leptin were decreased by resveratrol treatment and positively correlated with Mankin scores. Moreover, resveratrol significantly inhibited the expression of TLR4 and TRAF6 in cartilage. These results suggest that HFD induced obesity can lead to the occurrence of OA, and resveratrol may alleviate OA pathology by decreasing the levels of systematic inflammation and/or inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway in cartilage. Thus, resveratrol might be a promising therapeutic treatment for obesity-related OA.
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79
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Melrose J, Fuller ES, Little CB. The biology of meniscal pathology in osteoarthritis and its contribution to joint disease: beyond simple mechanics. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:282-294. [PMID: 28121190 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1284824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The meniscal cartilages in the knee function to improve congruity of the medial and lateral femoro-tibial joints and play critical roles in load distribution and joint stability. Meniscal tears of various configurations are one of the most common conditions of the knee and are associated with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA). While this risk has been largely attributed to loss of the biomechanical functions of the menisci, there is accumulating evidence suggesting that other aspects of meniscal biology may play a role in determining the long-term consequences of meniscal damage for joint health. In this narrative review, we examine the existing literature and present some new data implicating synthesis and secretion of enzymes and other pro-catabolic mediators by injured and degenerate menisci, contributing to the pathological change in other knee joint tissues in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- a Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern , University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital , St. Leonards , Australia.,b Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Emily S Fuller
- a Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern , University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital , St. Leonards , Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- a Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern , University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital , St. Leonards , Australia
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Insights into the Action Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Osteoarthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5190986. [PMID: 28203259 PMCID: PMC5292158 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5190986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, and osteophyte formation. No effective treatments are available. The current pharmacological medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics, accompanied by possible adverse effects, might ameliorate OA symptoms. But they do not arrest the progression of OA. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides medical value by modification of disease and symptoms in OA. Valuable work on exploring TCM merits for OA patients has been investigated using modern technologies, although the complicated interacting network among the numerous components indicates the uncertainty of target specification. This review will provide an overview of the action mechanism of TCM in the last 5 years, discussing the TCM activities of anti-inflammation, antiapoptosis, antioxidation, anticatabolism, and proliferation in OA. TCM is a proposed medical option for OA treatment.
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Wei J, Nie Q, Li F. Lamotrigine decreases MRP8 and IL-7 in rat models of intractable epilepsy secondary to focal cortical dysplasia. Exp Ther Med 2017; 12:3694-3698. [PMID: 28105099 PMCID: PMC5228364 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of lamotrigine and the expression of myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8) and interleukin-7 (IL-7) in the treatment of focal cortical dysplasia with secondary intractable epilepsy. In this study, rats with focal cortical dysplasia with secondary intractable epilepsy (constructed by our laboratory) were selected and used for experimentation, 21-day Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group (38 rats), the observation group I (39 rats), and the observation group II (38 rats). Rats in the observation group I received daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.02 mg/kg lamotrigine, and those in the observation group II and the control group received daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.02 mg/kg normal saline. Expression quantities of MRP8 and IL-7 in the hippocampus sample tissues of mice in the control group, observation group I, and observation group II were measured via fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry 48 h later. MRP8 and IL-7 gene mRNA levels of the control group, the observation group I and the observation group II had no significant differences (P>0.05). The expression quantity on the protein level of MRP8 and IL-7 showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between the observation group I (7.91±1.3, 3.86±0.38) and the control group (7.52±1.03, 3.62±0.29). The expression quantity of MRP8 and IL-7 showed significant differences (P<0.05) between observation group II (27.47±1.13, 19.45±0.48) and observation group I (7.91±1.3, 3.86±0.38). It was found that MRP8 and IL-7 were focused on the nerve cell membrane of hippocampus of rats in the observation group by immunohistochemistry experiments. In conclusion, the results from the present study show that lamotrigine can be used to treat rats with focal cortical dysplasia with secondary intractable epilepsy by reducing the expression levels of MRP8 and IL-7 in the body, providing a new therapeutic target to the follow-up treatment of focal cortical dysplasia with secondary intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wei
- Department of Emergency, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Qingmei Nie
- Department of Emergency, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Health Care, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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Chen D, Shen J, Zhao W, Wang T, Han L, Hamilton JL, Im HJ. Osteoarthritis: toward a comprehensive understanding of pathological mechanism. Bone Res 2017; 5:16044. [PMID: 28149655 PMCID: PMC5240031 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in adult individuals. The etiology of OA includes joint injury, obesity, aging, and heredity. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of OA initiation and progression remain poorly understood and, currently, there are no interventions available to restore degraded cartilage or decelerate disease progression. The diathrodial joint is a complicated organ and its function is to bear weight, perform physical activity and exhibit a joint-specific range of motion during movement. During OA development, the entire joint organ is affected, including articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial tissue and meniscus. A full understanding of the pathological mechanism of OA development relies on the discovery of the interplaying mechanisms among different OA symptoms, including articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis and synovial hyperplasia, and the signaling pathway(s) controlling these pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John L Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hiroshima Y, Hsu K, Tedla N, Wong SW, Chow S, Kawaguchi N, Geczy CL. S100A8/A9 and S100A9 reduce acute lung injury. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:461-472. [PMID: 28074060 PMCID: PMC5454315 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are myeloid cell-derived proteins that are elevated in several types of inflammatory lung disorders. Pro- and anti-inflammatory properties are reported and these proteins are proposed to activate TLR4. S100A8 and S100A9 can function separately, likely through distinct receptors but a systematic comparison of their effects in vivo are limited. Here we assess inflammation in murine lung following S100A9 and S100A8/A9 inhalation. Unlike S100A8, S100A9 promoted mild neutrophil and lymphocyte influx, possibly mediated in part, by increased mast cell degranulation and selective upregulation of some chemokine genes, particularly CXCL-10. S100 proteins did not significantly induce proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 or serum amyloid A3 (SAA3). In contrast to S100A8, neither preparation induced S100A8 or IL-10 mRNA/protein in airway epithelial cells, or in tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. Like S100A8, S100A9 and S100A8/A9 reduced neutrophil influx in acute lung injury provoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge but were somewhat less inhibitory, possibly because of differential effects on expression of some chemokines, IL-1β, SAA3 and IL-10. Novel common pathways including increased induction of an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 that may reduce NF-κB signalling, and increased STAT3 activation may reduce LPS activation. Results suggest a role for these proteins in normal homeostasis and protective mechanisms in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hiroshima
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth Hsu
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sze Wing Wong
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Naomi Kawaguchi
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolyn L Geczy
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Cell Death in Chondrocytes, Osteoblasts, and Osteocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122045. [PMID: 27929439 PMCID: PMC5187845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death in skeletal component cells, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, plays roles in skeletal development, maintenance, and repair as well as in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are important steps for endochondral ossification. Although the inactivation of P53 and RB is involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcomas, the deletion of p53 and inactivation of Rb are insufficient to enhance chondrocyte proliferation, indicating the presence of multiple inhibitory mechanisms against sarcomagenesis in chondrocytes. The inflammatory processes induced by mechanical injury and chondrocyte death through the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The overexpression of BCLXL increases bone volume with a normal structure and maintains bone during aging by inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis. p53 inhibits osteoblast proliferation and enhances osteoblast apoptosis, thereby reducing bone formation, but also exerts positive effects on osteoblast differentiation through the Akt–FoxOs pathway. Apoptotic osteocytes release ATP, which induces the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (Rankl) expression and osteoclastogenesis, from pannexin 1 channels. Osteocyte death ultimately results in necrosis; DAMPs are released to the bone surface and promote the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which induce Rankl expression, and osteoclastogenesis is further enhanced.
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Latourte A, Cherifi C, Maillet J, Ea HK, Bouaziz W, Funck-Brentano T, Cohen-Solal M, Hay E, Richette P. Systemic inhibition of IL-6/Stat3 signalling protects against experimental osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:748-755. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of systemic inhibition of interleukin 6 (IL-6) or signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat3) in an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsExpression of major catabolic and anabolic factors of cartilage was determined in IL-6-treated mouse chondrocytes and cartilage explants. The anti-IL-6-receptor neutralising antibody MR16-1 was used in the destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model of OA. Stat3 blockade was investigated by the small molecule Stattic ex vivo and in the DMM model.ResultsIn chondrocytes and cartilage explants, IL-6 treatment reduced proteoglycan content with increased production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3 and MMP-13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5). IL-6 induced Stat3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signalling but not p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase or Akt. In the DMM model, Stat3 was activated in cartilage, but neither in the synovium nor in the subchondral bone. Systemic blockade of IL-6 by MR16-1 alleviated DMM-induced OA cartilage lesions, impaired the osteophyte formation and the extent of synovitis. In the same model, Stattic had similar beneficial effects on cartilage and osteophyte formation. Stattic, but not an ERK1/2 inhibitor, significantly counteracted the catabolic effects of IL-6 on cartilage explants and suppressed the IL-6-induced chondrocytes apoptosis.ConclusionIL-6 induces chondrocyte catabolism mainly via Stat3 signalling, a pathway activated in cartilage from joint subjected to DMM. Systemic blockade of IL-6 or STAT-3 can alleviate DMM-induced OA in mice.
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Geven EJW, van den Bosch MHJ, Di Ceglie I, Ascone G, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, Sloetjes AW, Hermann S, Schäfers M, van de Loo FAJ, van der Kraan PM, Koenders MI, Foell D, Roth J, Vogl T, van Lent PLEM. S100A8/A9, a potent serum and molecular imaging biomarker for synovial inflammation and joint destruction in seronegative experimental arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:247. [PMID: 27776554 PMCID: PMC5078998 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seronegative joint diseases are characterized by a lack of well-defined biomarkers since autoantibodies are not elevated. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) which is released by activated phagocytes, and high levels are found in seronegative arthritides. In this study, we investigated the biomarker potential of systemic and local levels of these S100 proteins to assess joint inflammation and joint destruction in an experimental model for seronegative arthritis. Methods Serum levels of S100A8/A9 and various cytokines were monitored during disease development in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)–/– mice using ELISA and multiplex bead-based immunoassay, and were correlated to macroscopic and microscopic parameters for joint inflammation, bone erosion, and cartilage damage. Local expression of S100A8 and S100A9 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated cartilage damage in the ankle joints were investigated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, local S100A8 and activated MMPs were monitored in vivo by optical imaging using anti-S100A8-Cy7 and AF489-Cy5.5, a specific tracer for activated MMPs. Results Serum levels of S100A8/A9 were significantly increased in IL-1Ra–/– mice and correlated with macroscopic joint swelling and histological inflammation, while serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines did not correlate with joint swelling. In addition, early serum S100A8/A9 levels were prognostic for disease outcome at a later stage. The increased serum S100A8/A9 levels were reflected by an increased expression of S100A8 and S100A9 within the ankle joint, as visualized by molecular imaging. Next to inflammatory processes, serum S100A8/A9 also correlated with histological parameters for bone erosion and cartilage damage. In addition, arthritic IL-1Ra–/– mice with increased synovial S100A8 and S100A9 expression showed increased cartilage damage that coincided with MMP-mediated neoepitope expression and in vivo imaging of activated MMPs. Conclusions Expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in IL-1Ra–/– mice strongly correlates with synovial inflammation, bone erosion, and cartilage damage, underlining the potential of S100A8/A9 as a systemic and local biomarker in seronegative arthritis not only for assessing inflammation but also for assessing severity of inflammatory joint destruction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1121-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J W Geven
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Di Ceglie
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuliana Ascone
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shahla Abdollahi-Roodsaz
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annet W Sloetjes
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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88
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Uchimura T, Foote AT, Markel DC, Ren W, Zeng L. The Chondroprotective Role of Erythromycin in a Murine Joint Destruction Model. Cartilage 2016; 7:373-87. [PMID: 27688845 PMCID: PMC5029567 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516630787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is a major player in the joint destruction process. Macrolide antibiotics have recently been found to have a novel anti-inflammatory function, but their effects on the joint are unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of macrolide antibiotic erythromycin on cartilage gene expression under inflammatory conditions as well as on joint pathology in an in vivo inflammatory joint destruction model. DESIGN In our in vivo studies, mouse knee joints were injected with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA), a chemical that inhibits glycolysis and causes joint inflammation and matrix loss. Erythromycin was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection. Changes in joint cartilage and synovium were evaluated by histological analysis. In our in vitro studies, primary bovine articular chondrocytes were treated with erythromycin in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cartilage gene expression analysis was performed. RESULTS Regional differences in cartilage matrix destruction along the medial-lateral axis were observed in joints of MIA-injected mice. Erythromycin treatment inhibited cartilage matrix loss and synovitis in these joints. In addition, erythromycin inhibited IL-1β and LPS-induced expression of MMPs and iNOS, as well as the positive regulatory loop between IL-1β and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in articular chondrocytes. Furthermore, erythromycin prevented LPS-induced NF-κB activation, a key mediator of TLR4-mediated cartilage destruction process. CONCLUSIONS Erythromycin has the ability to inhibit catabolic gene expression mediated by IL-1β and TLR4 in chondrocytes in vitro and maintains cartilage matrix levels in experimental inflammatory joint destruction in vivo, suggesting that it possesses a chondroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Uchimura
- Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea T. Foote
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C. Markel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Weiping Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Zeng
- Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Orthopedics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Li Zeng, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, J323, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Malgorzata-Miller G, Heinbockel L, Brandenburg K, van der Meer JWM, Netea MG, Joosten LAB. Bartonella quintana lipopolysaccharide (LPS): structure and characteristics of a potent TLR4 antagonist for in-vitro and in-vivo applications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34221. [PMID: 27670746 PMCID: PMC5037446 DOI: 10.1038/srep34221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptor TLR4 is well known as a crucial receptor during infection and inflammation. Several TLR4 antagonists have been reported to inhibit the function of TLR4. Both natural occurring antagonists, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria as well as synthetic compounds based on the lipid A structure of LPS have been described as potent inhibitors of TLR4. Here, we have examined the characteristics of a natural TLR4 antagonist, isolated from Bartonella quintana bacterium by elucidating its chemical primary structure. We have found that this TLR4 antagonist is actually a lipooligosaccharide (LOS) instead of a LPS, and that it acts very effective, with a high inhibitory activity against triggering by the LPS-TLR4 system in the presence of a potent TLR4 agonist (E. coli LPS). Furthermore, we demonstrate that B. quintana LPS is not inactivated by polymyxin B, a classical cyclic cationic polypeptide antibiotic that bind the lipid A part of LPS, such as E. coli LPS. Using a murine LPS/D-galactosamine endotoxaemia model we showed that treatment with B. quintana LPS could improve the survival rate significantly. Since endogenous TLR4 ligands have been associated with several inflammatory- and immune-diseases, B. quintana LPS might be a novel therapeutic strategy for TLR4-driven pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia Malgorzata-Miller
- Department of Internal Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Goulopoulou S, McCarthy CG, Webb RC. Toll-like Receptors in the Vascular System: Sensing the Dangers Within. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:142-67. [PMID: 26721702 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are components of the innate immune system that respond to exogenous infectious ligands (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and endogenous molecules that are released during host tissue injury/death (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs). Interaction of TLRs with their ligands leads to activation of downstream signaling pathways that induce an immune response by producing inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons (IFN), and other inflammatory mediators. TLR activation affects vascular function and remodeling, and these molecular events prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Despite the presence of TLRs in vascular cells, the exact mechanisms whereby TLR signaling affects the function of vascular tissues are largely unknown. Cardiovascular diseases are considered chronic inflammatory conditions, and accumulating data show that TLRs and the innate immune system play a determinant role in the initiation and development of cardiovascular diseases. This evidence unfolds a possibility that targeting TLRs and the innate immune system may be a novel therapeutic goal for these conditions. TLR inhibitors and agonists are already in clinical trials for inflammatory conditions such as asthma, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, but their study in the context of cardiovascular diseases is in its infancy. In this article, we review the current knowledge of TLR signaling in the cardiovascular system with an emphasis on atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cerebrovascular injury. Furthermore, we address the therapeutic potential of TLR as pharmacological targets in cardiovascular disease and consider intriguing research questions for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Goulopoulou
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; and Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; and Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; and Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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HMGB1, IL-1α, IL-33 and S100 proteins: dual-function alarmins. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:43-64. [PMID: 27569562 PMCID: PMC5214941 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our immune system is based on the close collaboration of the innate and adaptive immune systems for the rapid detection of any threats to the host. Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules is entrusted to specific germline-encoded signaling receptors. The same receptors have now also emerged as efficient detectors of misplaced or altered self-molecules that signal tissue damage and cell death following, for example, disruption of the blood supply and subsequent hypoxia. Many types of endogenous molecules have been shown to provoke such sterile inflammatory states when released from dying cells. However, a group of proteins referred to as alarmins have both intracellular and extracellular functions which have been the subject of intense research. Indeed, alarmins can either exert beneficial cell housekeeping functions, leading to tissue repair, or provoke deleterious uncontrolled inflammation. This group of proteins includes the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-33 and the Ca2+-binding S100 proteins. These dual-function proteins share conserved regulatory mechanisms, such as secretory routes, post-translational modifications and enzymatic processing, that govern their extracellular functions in time and space. Release of alarmins from mesenchymal cells is a highly relevant mechanism by which immune cells can be alerted of tissue damage, and alarmins play a key role in the development of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases and in cancer development.
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van den Bosch MH, Blom AB, Schelbergen RF, Koenders MI, van de Loo FA, van den Berg WB, Vogl T, Roth J, van der Kraan PM, van Lent PL. Alarmin S100A9 Induces Proinflammatory and Catabolic Effects Predominantly in the M1 Macrophages of Human Osteoarthritic Synovium. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:1874-1884. [PMID: 27481901 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.160270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 have been shown to regulate synovial activation, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis (OA). Here we investigated the effect of S100A9 on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) in OA synovium, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-differentiated/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-differentiated macrophages, and OA fibroblasts. METHODS We determined which cell types in the synovium produced S100A8 and S100A9. Further, the production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMP, and the activation of canonical Wnt signaling, was determined in human OA synovium, OA fibroblasts, and monocyte-derived macrophages following stimulation with S100A9. RESULTS We observed that S100A8 and S100A9 were mainly produced by GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages present in the synovium, and to a lesser extent by M-CSF-differentiated macrophages, but not by fibroblasts. S100A9 stimulation of OA synovial tissue increased the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, various MMP were upregulated after S100A9 stimulation. Experiments to determine which cell type was responsible for these effects revealed that mainly stimulation of GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages and to a lesser extent M-CSF-differentiated macrophages with S100A9 increased the expression of these proinflammatory cytokines and MMP. In contrast, stimulation of fibroblasts with S100A9 did not affect their expression. Finally, stimulation of GM-CSF-differentiated, but not M-CSF-differentiated macrophages with S100A9 activated canonical Wnt signaling, whereas incubation of OA synovium with the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod reduced the activation of canonical Wnt signaling. CONCLUSION Predominantly mediated by M1-like macrophages, the alarmin S100A9 stimulates the production of proinflammatory and catabolic mediators and activates canonical Wnt signaling in OA synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn H van den Bosch
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Arjen B Blom
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Rik F Schelbergen
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Marije I Koenders
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Fons A van de Loo
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Thomas Vogl
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Johannes Roth
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Peter L van Lent
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center.
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93
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He Z, Riva M, Björk P, Swärd K, Mörgelin M, Leanderson T, Ivars F. CD14 Is a Co-Receptor for TLR4 in the S100A9-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Monocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156377. [PMID: 27228163 PMCID: PMC4881898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic Ca2+-binding S100A9 and S100A8 proteins form heterodimers that are primarily expressed in human neutrophils and monocytes. We have recently shown that S100A9 binds to TLR4 in vitro and induces TLR4-dependent NF-κB activation and a pro-inflammatory cytokine response in monocytes. In the present report we have further investigated the S100A9-mediated stimulation of TLR4 in monocytes. Using transmission immunoelectron microscopy, we detected focal binding of S100A9 to monocyte membrane subdomains containing the caveolin-1 protein and TLR4. Furthermore, the S100A9 protein was detected in early endosomes of the stimulated cells, indicating that the protein could be internalized by endocytosis. Although stimulation of monocytes with S100A9 was strictly TLR4-dependent, binding of S100A9 to the plasma membrane and endocytosis of S100A9 was still detectable and coincided with CD14 expression in TLR4-deficient cells. We therefore investigated whether CD14 would be involved in the TLR4-dependent stimulation and could show that the S100A9-induced cytokine response was inhibited both in CD14-deficient cells and in cells exposed to CD14 blocking antibodies. Further, S100A9 was not internalized into CD14-deficient cells suggesting a direct role of CD14 in endocytosis of S100A9. Finally, we could detect satiable binding of S100A9 to CD14 in surface plasmon resonance experiments. Taken together, these results indicate that CD14 is a co-receptor of TLR4 in the S100A9-induced cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei He
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matteo Riva
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Active Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Karl Swärd
- Section for Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Section for Infection Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Leanderson
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Active Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ivars
- Immunology group, Section for Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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94
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Bishnoi M, Jain A, Hurkat P, Jain SK. Chondroitin sulphate: a focus on osteoarthritis. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:693-705. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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95
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Matías EMC, Mecham DK, Black CS, Graf JW, Steel SD, Wilhelm SK, Andersen KM, Mitchell JA, Macdonald JR, Hollis WR, Eggett DL, Reynolds PR, Kooyman DL. Malocclusion model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in mice with and without receptor for advanced glycation end products. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 69:47-62. [PMID: 27236646 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study has two aims: 1. Validate a non-invasive malocclusion model of mouse temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) that we developed and 2. Confirm role of inflammation in TMJ OA by comparing the disease in the presence and absence of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). DESIGN The malocclusion procedure was performed on eight week old mice, either wild type (WT) or without RAGE. RESULTS We observed TMJ OA at two weeks post-misalignment/malocclusion. The modified Mankin score used for the semi-quantitative assessment of OA showed an overall significantly higher score in mice with malocclusion compared to control mice at all times points (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). Mice with malocclusion showed a decrease in body weight by the first week after misalignment but returned to normal weight for their ages during the following weeks. The RAGE knock out (KO) mice had statistically lower modified Mankin scores compared to WT mice of the same age. The RAGE KO mice had statistically lower levels of Mmp-13 and HtrA1 but higher Tgf-β1, as measured by immunohistochemistry, compared to WT mice at eight weeks post malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate an inexpensive, efficient, highly reproducible and non-invasive model of mouse TMJ OA. The mechanical nature of the malocclusion resembles the natural development of TMJ OA in humans, making this an ideal model in future studies that aim to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease leading to the discovery of a treatment. The RAGE plays a role in mouse TMJ OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Chávez Matías
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - D K Mecham
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - C S Black
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - J W Graf
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - S D Steel
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - S K Wilhelm
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - K M Andersen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - J A Mitchell
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - J R Macdonald
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - W R Hollis
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - D L Eggett
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - P R Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - D L Kooyman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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96
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Abstract
PURPOSE Alarmins are constitutively present endogenous molecules that essentially act as early warning signals for the immune system. We provide a brief overview of major alarmins and highlight their roles in tumor immunity. METHODS We searched PubMed up to January 10, 2016, using alarmins and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), as key words. We selected and reviewed articles that focused on the discovery and functions of alarmin and their roles in tumor immunity. FINDINGS Alarmins are essentially endogenous immunostimulatory DAMP molecules that are exposed in response to danger (eg, infection or tissue injury) as a result of degranulation, cell death, or induction. They are sensed by chemotactic receptors and pattern recognition receptors to induce immune responses by promoting the recruitment and activation of leukocytes, particularly antigen-presenting cells. IMPLICATIONS Accumulating data suggest that certain alarmins, High-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1) in particular, contribute to the generation of antitumor immunity. Some alarmins can also be used as cancer biomarkers. Therefore, alarmins can potentially be applied for our fight against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Nie
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; Guizhou Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - De Yang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Joost J Oppenheim
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.
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97
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Miller RE, Belmadani A, Ishihara S, Tran PB, Ren D, Miller RJ, Malfait AM. Damage-associated molecular patterns generated in osteoarthritis directly excite murine nociceptive neurons through Toll-like receptor 4. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 67:2933-43. [PMID: 26245312 DOI: 10.1002/art.39291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether selected damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) present in the osteoarthritic (OA) joints of mice excite nociceptors through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). METHODS The ability of S100A8 and α2 -macroglobulin to excite nociceptors was determined by measuring the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) by cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells as well as by measuring the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+) ]i ) in cultured DRG neurons from naive mice or from mice that had undergone surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) 8 weeks previously. The role of TLR-4 was assessed using TLR-4(-/-) cells or a TLR-4 inhibitor. The [Ca(2+) ]i in neurons within ex vivo intact DRGs was measured in samples from Pirt-GCaMP3 mice. Neuronal expression of the Tlr4 gene was determined by in situ hybridization. DMM surgery was performed in wild-type and TLR-4(-/-) mice; mechanical allodynia was monitored, and joint damage was assessed histologically after 16 weeks. RESULTS DRG neurons from both naive and DMM mice expressed Tlr4. Both S100A8 and α2 -macroglobulin stimulated release of the proalgesic chemokine MCP-1 in DRG cultures, and the neurons rapidly responded to S100A8 and α2 -macroglobulin with increased [Ca(2+) ]i . Blocking TLR-4 inhibited these effects. Neurons within intact DRGs responded to the TLR-4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. In both of the calcium-imaging assays, it was primarily the nociceptor population of neurons that responded to TLR-4 ligands. TLR-4(-/-) mice were not protected from mechanical allodynia or from joint damage associated with DMM. CONCLUSION Our experiments suggest a role of TLR-4 signaling in the excitation of nociceptors by selected DAMPs. Further research is needed to delineate the importance of this pathway in relation to OA pain.
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98
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Abstract
The nature of the gastrointestinal microbiome determines the reservoir of lipopolysaccharide, which can migrate from the gut into the circulation, where it contributes to low-grade inflammation. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade inflammatory condition, and the elevation of levels of lipopolysaccharide in association with obesity and metabolic syndrome could contribute to OA. A 'two- hit' model of OA susceptibility and potentiation suggests that lipopolysaccharide primes the proinflammatory innate immune response via Toll-like receptor 4 and that progression to a full-blown inflammatory response and structural damage of the joint results from coexisting complementary mechanisms, such as inflammasome activation or assembly by damage-associated molecular patterns in the form of fragmented cartilage-matrix molecules. Lipopolysaccharide could be considered a major hidden risk factor that provides a unifying mechanism to explain the association between obesity, metabolic syndrome and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
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99
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Raphael R, Purushotham D, Gastonguay C, Chesnik MA, Kwok WM, Wu HE, Shah SJ, Mirza SP, Strande JL. Combining patient proteomics and in vitro cardiomyocyte phenotype testing to identify potential mediators of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Transl Med 2016; 14:18. [PMID: 26792056 PMCID: PMC4719542 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a syndrome resulting from several co-morbidities in which specific mediators are unknown. The platelet proteome responds to disease processes. We hypothesize that the platelet proteome will change composition in patients with HFpEF and may uncover mediators of the syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomic changes were assessed in platelets from hospitalized subjects with symptoms of HFpEF (n = 9), the same subjects several weeks later without symptoms (n = 7) and control subjects (n = 8). Mass spectrometry identified 6102 proteins with five scans with peptide probabilities of ≥0.85. Of the 6102 proteins, 165 were present only in symptomatic subjects, 78 were only found in outpatient subjects and 157 proteins were unique to the control group. The S100A8 protein was identified consistently in HFpEF samples when compared with controls. We validated the fining that plasma S100A8 levels are increased in subjects with HFpEF (654 ± 391) compared to controls (352 ± 204) in an external cohort (p = 0.002). Recombinant S100A8 had direct effects on the electrophysiological and calcium handling profile in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Platelets may harbor proteins associated with HFpEF. S100A8 is present in the platelets of subjects with HFpEF and increased in the plasma of the same subjects. We further established a bedside-to-bench translational system that can be utilized as a secondary screen to ascertain whether the biomarkers may be an associated finding or causal to the disease process. S100A8 has been linked with other cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, or death. This is the first report on association of S100A8 with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne Raphael
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Diana Purushotham
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Courtney Gastonguay
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Marla A Chesnik
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Shama P Mirza
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,, MEB/CVC 4579, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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100
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Wang D, Gilbert JR, Shaw MA, Shakir S, Losee JE, Billiar TR, Cooper GM. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates the regenerative effects of bone grafts for calvarial bone repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 21:1299-308. [PMID: 25603990 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial trauma is difficult to repair and presents a significant burden to the healthcare system. The inflammatory response following bone trauma is critical to initiate healing, serving to recruit inflammatory and progenitor cells and to promote angiogenesis. A role for inflammation in graft-induced bone regeneration has been suggested, but is still not well understood. The current study assessed the impact of Toll-like receptor (TLR4) signaling on calvarial repair in the presence of morselized bone components. Calvarial defects in wild-type and global TLR4(-/-) knockout mouse strains were treated with fractionated bone components in the presence or absence of a TLR4 neutralizing peptide. Defect healing was subsequently evaluated over 28 days by microcomputed tomography and histology. The matrix-enriched fraction of morselized bone stimulated calvarial bone repair comparably with intact bone graft, although the capacity for grafts to induce calvarial bone repair was significantly diminished by inhibition or genetic ablation of TLR4. Overall, our findings suggest that the matrix component of bone graft stimulates calvarial bone repair in a TLR4-dependent manner. These results support the need to better understand the role of inflammation in the design and implementation of strategies to improve bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University , Shanghai, China
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