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Jung JY, Suh CH, Kim HA. The role of damage-associated molecular pattern for pathogenesis and biomarkers in adult-onset Still's disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:459-468. [PMID: 31055973 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1615449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disease, which presents itself as an adult form of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Innate immune activation driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors is the primary mechanism underlying disease pathogenesis in AOSD patients. Few biomarkers have been identified for AOSD diagnosis or for the assessment of disease activity or prediction of clinical outcomes. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) can activate innate immunity, resulting in tissue damage. Changes in several DAMPs are associated with disease pathogenesis in AOSD patients. Areas covered: This review describes the role of DAMPs in AOSD pathogenesis and discusses their potential for use as disease biomarkers. Together with overall pathogenesis of AOSD, high-mobility group box-1, advanced glycation end products, S100 proteins, and neutrophil extracellular traps are introduced and discussed in detail. Expert opinion: The activation of macrophages and neutrophils is associated with several DAMPs, causing high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in AOSD patients. Involvement of certain DAMPs in AOSD patients is well documented due to the presence of sterile inflammation; however, direct evidence for some DAMPs is lacking. Further research into the role of DAMP molecules in AOSD patients may reveal new biomarkers and provide targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yang Jung
- a Department of Rheumatology , Ajou University of medical school , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- a Department of Rheumatology , Ajou University of medical school , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- a Department of Rheumatology , Ajou University of medical school , Suwon , Republic of Korea
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52
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Micro-RNAs in inflammatory arthritis: From physiopathology to diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic opportunities. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:134-144. [PMID: 30825433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Micro-RNAs are an area of research exponentially expanding over the past years. These small sequences of 20-22 nucleotides have a strong role as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Inflammatory arthritis pathophysiology involves various key players from innate to adaptive immunity, as well as various signalling pathways of inflammation. In this review, we discuss how micro-RNAs are involved in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and juvenile inflammatory arthritis, from pre-clinical phases to established diseases. We describe mi-RNAs key roles in fibroblast like synoviocytes migration, proliferation, apoptosis and cytokine production, in macrophages polarization, as well as in B cells and T cell proliferation and differentiation, with a special emphasis on Treg/Th17 imbalance. We finally discuss the application of these findings in pre-clinical models and highlight opportunities and limits of a therapeutic approach using mi-RNAs agonists or antagonists.
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Thornton S, Tan R, Sproles A, Do T, Schick J, Grom AA, DeLay M, Schulert GS. A Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis Panel to Assess CD163 mRNA and Protein in Monocyte and Macrophage Populations in Hyperinflammatory Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1635-1643. [PMID: 30683706 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD163 facilitates regulation and resolution of inflammation and removal of free hemoglobin and is highly expressed in myeloid cells from patients with inflammatory disorders, such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Our recent studies indicate that regulation of CD163 mRNA expression is a key functional property of polarized monocytes and macrophages and is mediated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level, including via microRNAs. The goal of the current study is to develop a multiparameter flow cytometry panel incorporating detection of CD163 mRNA for polarized monocyte and macrophage populations in disorders such as SJIA and MAS. THP-1 cells and CD14+ human monocytes were stained using fluorochrome-conjugated Abs to myeloid surface markers, along with CD163 mRNA. Staining for mRNA could reliably detect CD163 expression while simultaneously detecting different macrophage populations using Abs targeting CD14, CD64, CD80, CD163, and CD209. This approach was found to be highly sensitive for increased mRNA expression when macrophages were polarized with IL-10 [M(IL-10)], with a strong signal over a broad range of IL-10 concentrations, and showed distinct kinetics of CD163 mRNA and protein induction upon IL-10 stimulation. Finally, this panel demonstrated clear changes in polarization markers in unstimulated monocytes from patients with SJIA and MAS, including upregulated CD163 mRNA and increased CD64 expression. This approach represents a robust and sensitive system for RNA flow cytometry, useful for studying CD163 expression as part of a multimarker panel for human monocytes and macrophages, with broad applicability to the pathogenesis of hyperinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Thornton
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Rachel Tan
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Alyssa Sproles
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Thuy Do
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Jonathan Schick
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Alexei A Grom
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Monica DeLay
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Grant S Schulert
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
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54
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Wang LX, Zhang SX, Wu HJ, Rong XL, Guo J. M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 106:345-358. [PMID: 30576000 PMCID: PMC7379745 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru1018-378rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic processes. Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of macrophages. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). M2b, a subtype of M2 macrophages, has attracted increasing attention over the past decade due to its strong immune‐regulated and anti‐inflammatory effects. A wide variety of stimuli and multiple factors modulate M2b macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. M2b macrophages possess both protective and pathogenic roles in various diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of M2b macrophage activation and the modulation of their polarization might provide a great perspective for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge of M2b macrophage polarization, the roles of M2b macrophages in a variety of diseases and the stimuli to modulate M2b macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Xun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Juan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Lu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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55
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Brown RA, Henderlight M, Do T, Yasin S, Grom AA, DeLay M, Thornton S, Schulert GS. Neutrophils From Children With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Exhibit Persistent Proinflammatory Activation Despite Long-Standing Clinically Inactive Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2995. [PMID: 30619348 PMCID: PMC6305285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a chronic childhood arthropathy with features of autoinflammation. Early inflammatory SJIA is associated with expansion and activation of neutrophils with a sepsis-like phenotype, but neutrophil phenotypes present in longstanding and clinically inactive disease (CID) are unknown. The objective of this study was to examine activated neutrophil subsets, S100 alarmin release, and gene expression signatures in children with a spectrum of SJIA disease activity. Methods: Highly-purified neutrophils were isolated using a two-step procedure of density-gradient centrifugation followed by magnetic-bead based negative selection prior to flow cytometry or cell culture to quantify S100 protein release. Whole transcriptome gene expression profiles were compared in neutrophils from children with both active SJIA and CID. Results: Patients with SJIA and active systemic features demonstrated a higher proportion of CD16+CD62Llo neutrophil population compared to controls. This neutrophil subset was not seen in patients with CID or patients with active arthritis not exhibiting systemic features. Using imaging flow cytometry, CD16+CD62Llo neutrophils from patients with active SJIA and features of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) had increased nuclear hypersegmentation compared to CD16+CD62L+ neutrophils. Serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were strongly correlated with peripheral blood neutrophil counts. Neutrophils from active SJIA patients did not show enhanced resting S100 protein release; however, regardless of disease activity, neutrophils from SJIA patients did show enhanced S100A8/A9 release upon PMA stimulation compared to control neutrophils. Furthermore, whole transcriptome analysis of highly purified neutrophils from children with active SJIA identified 214 differentially expressed genes (DEG) compared to neutrophils from healthy controls. The most significantly upregulated gene pathway was Immune System Process, including AIM2, IL18RAP, and NLRC4. Interestingly, this gene set showed intermediate levels of expression in neutrophils from patients with long-standing CID yet persistent serum IL-18 elevation. Indeed, all patient samples regardless of disease activity demonstrated elevated inflammatory gene expression, including inflammasome components and S100A8. Conclusion: We identify features of neutrophil activation in SJIA patients with both active disease and CID, including a proinflammatory gene expression signature, reflecting persistent innate immune activation. Taken together, these studies expand understanding of neutrophil function in chronic autoinflammatory disorders such as SJIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Brown
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maggie Henderlight
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Thuy Do
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shima Yasin
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alexei A Grom
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Monica DeLay
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sherry Thornton
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Grant S Schulert
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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56
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Leong JY, Guan YJ, Albani S, Arkachaisri T. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and their potential clinical implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:933-944. [PMID: 30269617 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1529757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) comprises systemic and non-systemic forms of chronic childhood arthritis diagnosed prior to age 16. Significant improvement in treatment outcomes has been witnessed since the introduction of biologics. In particular, advances in research in the area of multidimensional interrogation and network analysis have facilitated understanding of the complex cacophony of components orchestrating disease immunopathogenesis. Areas covered: In this review, we will examine the scientific advances that have augmented our understanding of JIA pathogenesis, focusing on the progress made in systemic, poly, and oligo JIA in four major aspects: (a) unraveling the pathogenic mechanisms, (b) disease classification, (c) therapeutic selection, and (d) decision for withdrawal of medications after achieving remission. Expert commentary: Dysregulation of innate immune cell physiology and function in sJIA will be highlighted. MicroRNAs contribute to monocyte/macrophage polarization with resulting consequences on macrophage activation syndrome development. The involvement of neutrophils, a major source of S100A8/9/12, in the active inflammatory phase of sJIA is compelling. In non-sJIA, circulating CD4 subsets in T effector and regulatory compartments possessing a strong synovial T-cell receptor coverage and disease activity correlation, acted as an accessible reservoir of pathogenic cells exploitable for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao Leong
- a Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre , Singapore
| | - Yeo Joo Guan
- a Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre , Singapore.,b Rheumatology and Immunology Service, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties , KK Women's and Children's Hospital , Singapore.,c Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- a Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre , Singapore.,b Rheumatology and Immunology Service, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties , KK Women's and Children's Hospital , Singapore.,c Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Thaschawee Arkachaisri
- b Rheumatology and Immunology Service, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties , KK Women's and Children's Hospital , Singapore.,c Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
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57
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De-La-Cruz-Montoya AH, Ramírez-Salazar EG, Martínez-Aguilar MM, González-de-la-Rosa PM, Quiterio M, Abreu-Goodger C, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Identification of miR-708-5p in peripheral blood monocytes: Potential marker for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Mexican-Mestizo population. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1027-1036. [PMID: 30322266 PMCID: PMC6434455 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218806828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This is the first study in which hsa-miR-708-5p has been identified in peripheral blood monocytes (osteoclast precursors) and associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis through small RNA-Sequencing, in an Admixed Mexican Mestizo population. By conducting in silico and bioinformatic analyzes, we identified target genes and important signaling pathways involved in bone metabolism pointing hsa-miR-708-5p as a candidate marker for osteoporosis in Mexican population. These approaches provide a landscape of the post-transcriptional regulation, which can be useful for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis along with the potential use of microRNAs as markers for its early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo H. De-La-Cruz-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City C.P. 14610, Mexico
| | - Eric G. Ramírez-Salazar
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City C.P. 14610, Mexico
| | - Mayeli M. Martínez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City C.P. 14610, Mexico
| | - Pablo M. González-de-la-Rosa
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Irapuato C.P. 3682, Mexico
| | - Manuel Quiterio
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Morelos C.P. 6210, Mexico
| | - Cei Abreu-Goodger
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Irapuato C.P. 3682, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Morelos C.P. 6210, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Cultural s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City C.P. 14610, Mexico
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58
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Zhang H, Lin C, Zeng C, Wang Z, Wang H, Lu J, Liu X, Shao Y, Zhao C, Pan J, Xu S, Zhang Y, Xie D, Cai D, Bai X. Synovial macrophage M1 polarisation exacerbates experimental osteoarthritis partially through R-spondin-2. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1524-1534. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo investigate the roles and regulatory mechanisms of synovial macrophages and their polarisation in the development of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsSynovial tissues from normal patients and patients with OA were collected. M1 or M2-polarised macrophages in synovial tissues of patients with OA and OA mice were analysed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Mice with tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) or Rheb deletion specifically in the myeloid lineage were generated and subjected to intra-articular injection of collagenase (collagenase-induced osteoarthritis, CIOA) and destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce OA. Cartilage damage and osteophyte size were measured by Osteoarthritis Research Society International score and micro-CT, respectively. mRNA sequencing was performed in M1 and control macrophages. Mice and ATDC5 cells were treated with R-spondin-2 (Rspo2) or anti-Rspo2 to investigate the role of Rspo2 in OA.ResultsM1 but not M2-polarised macrophages accumulated in human and mouse OA synovial tissue. TSC1 deletion in the myeloid lineage constitutively activated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), increased M1 polarisation in synovial macrophages and exacerbated experimental OA in both CIOA and DMM models, while Rheb deletion inhibited mTORC1, enhanced M2 polarisation and alleviated CIOA in mice. The results show that promoting the macrophage M1 polarisation leads to exacerbation of experimental OA partially through secretion of Rspo2 and activation of β-catenin signalling in chondrocytes.ConclusionsSynovial macrophage M1 polarisation exacerbates experimental CIOA partially through Rspo2. M1 macrophages and Rspo2 are potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment.
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Update on the pathogenesis and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2018; 29:523-529. [PMID: 28538013 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of recently published studies on pathogenesis and management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). RECENT FINDINGS In the past year, the potential role of network analysis in the understanding of the molecular phenotype of individual JIA subgroups has been highlighted. In addition, potential new targets for pharmacologic interventions have been identified through the elucidation of mechanisms that modulate the function of cells involved in the inflammatory process. There is a growing interest for the role of the gut microbiome in disease pathogenesis, which may open the way to future therapeutic manipulations of fecal microbial population. Recent therapeutic studies have provided important information in large patient samples on the effectiveness and toxicity profile of biologic medications used in JIA. Concomitant administration of methotrexate was found to increase the effectiveness of intra-articular corticosteroid therapy in children with oligoarticular JIA. SUMMARY A great deal of work is being conducted to better define the molecular phenotype of the individual subsets of JIA and to identify potential new targets for therapeutic interventions. The results of the ongoing large-scale international data collections will help establish the long-term safety profiles of biologic medications, in particular the risk of malignancy.
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Do T, Tan R, Bennett M, Medvedovic M, Grom AA, Shen N, Thornton S, Schulert GS. MicroRNA networks associated with active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis regulate CD163 expression and anti-inflammatory functions in macrophages through two distinct mechanisms. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:71-85. [PMID: 29345059 PMCID: PMC9680651 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0317-107r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a severe childhood arthropathy with features of autoinflammation. Monocytes and macrophages in SJIA have a complex phenotype with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties that combine features of several well characterized in vitro conditions used to activate macrophages. An important anti-inflammatory phenotype is expression of CD163, a scavenger receptor that sequesters toxic pro-inflammatory complexes that is highly expressed in both active SJIA and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). CD163 is most strongly up-regulated by IL-10 (M(IL-10)), and not by other conditions that reflect features seen in SJIA monocytes such as M(LPS+IC). MicroRNA plays key roles in integrating cellular signals such as those in macrophage polarization, and as such we hypothesize microRNAs regulate macrophage functional responses in SJIA including CD163 expression. We find that 2 microRNAs previously found to be elevated in active SJIA, miR-125a-5p and miR-181c, significantly reduced macrophage CD163 expression through 2 distinct mechanisms. Neither microRNA was elevated in M(IL-10) with robust CD163 expression, but were instead induced in M(LPS+IC) where they restricted CD163 mRNA expression. Mir-181 species directly targeted CD163 mRNA for degradation. In contrast, miR-125a-5p functions indirectly, as transcriptome analysis of miR-125a-5p overexpression identified "cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions" as the most significantly repressed gene pathway, including decreased IL10RA, required for IL-10-mediated CD163 expression. Finally, overexpression of miR-181c inhibited CD163 anti-inflammatory responses to hemoglobin or high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) complexes. Together, these data show that microRNA utilizes multiple mechanisms to integrate well-characterized polarization phenotypes and regulate macrophage functional properties seen in SJIA.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Arthritis, Juvenile/genetics
- Arthritis, Juvenile/immunology
- Arthritis, Juvenile/metabolism
- Child
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Do
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Rachel Tan
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
- University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Mark Bennett
- University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | | | - Alexei A. Grom
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Nan Shen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and EtiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Sherry Thornton
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Grant S. Schulert
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
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Han Q, Bing W, Di Y, Hua L, Shi-he L, Yu-hua Z, Xiu-guo H, Yu-gang W, Qi-ming F, Shih-mo Y, Ting-ting T. Kinsenoside screening with a microfluidic chip attenuates gouty arthritis through inactivating NF-κB signaling in macrophages and protecting endothelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2350. [PMID: 27584788 PMCID: PMC5059859 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gouty arthritis is a rheumatic disease that is characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) in synovial joints cause by the increased serum hyperuricemia. This study used a three-dimensional (3D) flowing microfluidic chip to screen the effective candidate against MSU-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) damage, and found kinsenoside (Kin) to be the leading active component of Anoectochilus roxburghi, one of the Chinese medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of gouty arthritis clinically. Cell viability and apoptosis of HUVECs were evaluated, indicating that direct Kin stimulation and conditioned medium (CM) from Kin-treated macrophages both negatively modulated with MSU crystals. Additionally, Kin was capable of attenuating MSU-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (NF-κB/MAPK) signaling, targeting IκB kinase-α (IKKα) and IKKβ kinases of macrophages and influencing the expressions of NF-κB downstream cytokines and subsequent HUVEC bioactivity. Inflammasome NLR pyrin domain-containing 3 (NALP3) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) were also inhibited after Kin treatment. Also, Kin downregulated CD14-mediated MSU crystals uptake in macrophages. In vivo study with MSU-injected ankle joints further revealed the significant suppression of inflammatory infiltration and endothelia impairment coupled with alleviation of ankle swelling and nociceptive response via Kin treatments. Taken together, these data implicated that Kin was the most effective candidate from Anoectochilus roxburghi to treat gouty arthritis clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Bing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Di
- Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shi-he
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yu-hua
- Wenshan Zhengbao Orthopaedic Hospital of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xiu-guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yu-gang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Qi-ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shih-mo
- Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang Ting-ting
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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