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Katayama H. Rheumatoid arthritis: Development after the emergence of a chemokine for neutrophils in the synovium. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100119. [PMID: 34432907 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may not be a multifactorial disease; it can be hypothesized that RA is developed through a series of events following a triggering event, which is the emergence of a chemokine for neutrophils in the synovium. IL-17A, secreted by infiltrated neutrophils, stimulates synoviocytes to produce CCL20, which attracts various CCR6-expressing cells, including Th17 cells. Monocytes (macrophages) appear after neutrophil infiltration according to the natural course of inflammation and secrete IL-1β and TNFα. Then, IL-17A, IL-1β, and TNFα stimulate synoviocytes to produce CCL20, amplifying the inflammation. Varieties of chemokines secreted by infiltrating cells accumulate in the synovium and induce synoviocyte proliferation by binding to the corresponding G protein-coupled receptors, thus expanding the synovial tissue. CCL20 in this tissue attracts circulating monocytes that express both CCR6 and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), which differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of RANKL. In this way, pannus is formed, and bone destruction begins.
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Hashimoto T, Yoshida K, Hashiramoto A, Matsui K. Cell-Free DNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8941. [PMID: 34445645 PMCID: PMC8396202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous DNA derived from the nuclei or mitochondria is released into the bloodstream following cell damage or death. Extracellular DNA, called cell-free DNA (cfDNA), is associated with various pathological conditions. Recently, multiple aspects of cfDNA have been assessed, including cfDNA levels, integrity, methylation, and mutations. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of autoimmune arthritis, and treatment of RA has highly varied outcomes. cfDNA in patients with RA is elevated in peripheral blood and synovial fluid and is associated with disease activity. Profiling of cfDNA in patients with RA may then be utilized in various aspects of clinical practice, such as the prediction of prognosis and treatment responses; monitoring disease state; and as a diagnostic marker. In this review, we discuss cfDNA in patients with RA, particularly the sources of cfDNA and the correlation of cfDNA with RA pathogenesis. We also highlight the potential of analyzing cfDNA profiles to guide individualized treatment approaches for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Hashimoto
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638501, Japan;
| | - Kohsuke Yoshida
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 6540142, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Akira Hashiramoto
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 6540142, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Kiyoshi Matsui
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638501, Japan;
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Marker Genes Change of Synovial Fibroblasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5544264. [PMID: 34195267 PMCID: PMC8203351 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5544264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic condition that manifests as inflammation of synovial joints, leading to joint destruction and deformity. Methods We identified single-cell RNA-seq data of synovial fibroblasts from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients in GSE109449 dataset. RA- and OA-specific cellular subpopulations were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed. Further, key genes for RA and OA were obtained by combined analysis with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RA and OA in GSE56409 dataset. The diagnostic role of key genes for RA was predicted using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, we identified differences in immune cell infiltration between RA and OA patients, and utilized flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were used to examine the immune cell and key genes in RA patients. Results The cluster 0 matched OA and cluster 3 matched RA and significantly enriched for neutrophil-mediated immunity and ECM receptor interaction, respectively. We identified 478 DEGs. In the top 20 degrees of connection in the PPI network, the key genes for RA were obtained by comparing with the gene markers of cluster 0 and cluster 3, respectively. ROC curve showed that CCL2 and MMP13 might be diagnostic markers for RA. We found aberrant levels of CD8+T, neutrophil, and B cells in RA fibroblasts, which were validated in clinical samples. Importantly, we also validated the differential expression of key genes between RA and OA. Conclusion High expression of CCL2 and MMP13 in RA may be a diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Behl T, Mehta K, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Ahmadi A, Arora S, Bungau S. Exploring the role of polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5372-5393. [PMID: 33998910 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1924613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory and autoimmune disorder which is mainly characterized by inflammation in joints, bone erosions and cartilaginous destruction that leads to joint dysfunction, deformation, and/or permanent functional impairment. The prevalence of RA is increasing, incurring a considerable burden on healthcare systems globally. The exact etiology of RA is unknown, with various pathways implicated in its pathophysiology. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including celecoxib, diclofenac and ibuprofen, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) including azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclosporine, biological agents including anakinra, infliximab, and rituximab and immunosuppressants are used for symptomatic relief in patients with RA, but these medications have severe adverse effects such as gastric ulcers, hypertension, hepatotoxicity and renal abnormalities which restrict their use in the treatment of RA; new RA treatments with minimal side-effects are urgently required. There is accumulating evidence that dietary polyphenols may show therapeutic efficacy in RA through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptotic, and immunosuppressant activities and modulation of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), IL-1β, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor κ light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) pathways. While resveratrol, genistein, carnosol, epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, kaempferol, and hydroxytyrosol have also been studied for the treatment of RA, the majority of data are derived from animal models. Here, we review the various pathways involved in the development of RA and the preclinical and clinical data supporting polyphenols as potential therapeutic agents in RA patients. Our review highlights that high-quality clinical studies are required to decisively establish the anti-rheumatic efficacy of polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Keshav Mehta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medial Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Ji M, Ryu HJ, Hong JH. Signalling and putative therapeutic molecules on the regulation of synoviocyte signalling in rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:285-297. [PMID: 33890482 PMCID: PMC8077181 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.104.bjr-2020-0331.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical and chronic polyarthritis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes are mainly involved in joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction by inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in RA. Approaches that induce various cellular growth alterations of synoviocytes are considered as potential strategies for treating RA. However, since synoviocytes play a critical role in RA, the mechanism and hyperplastic modulation of synoviocytes and their motility need to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the alteration of synoviocyte signalling and cell fate provided by signalling proteins, various antioxidant molecules, enzymes, compounds, clinical candidates, to understand the pathology of the synoviocytes, and finally to achieve developed therapeutic strategies of RA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(4):285–297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Ryu
- Department of Rheumatology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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Ongchai S, Chiranthanut N, Tangyuenyong S, Viriyakhasem N, Kongdang P. Kaempferia parviflora Extract Alleviated Rat Arthritis, Exerted Chondroprotective Properties In Vitro, and Reduced Expression of Genes Associated with Inflammatory Arthritis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061527. [PMID: 33799537 PMCID: PMC8000004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker (KP) has been reported to attenuate cartilage destruction in rat model of osteoarthritis. Previously, we demonstrated that KP rhizome extract and its active components effectively suppressed mechanisms associated with RA in SW982 cells. Here, we further evaluated the anti-arthritis potential of KP extract by using multi-level models, including a complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis and a cartilage explant culture model, and to investigate the effects of KP extract and its major components on related gene expressions and underlying mechanisms within cells. In arthritis rats, the KP extract reduced arthritis indexes, with no significant changes in biological parameters. In the cartilage explant model, the KP extract exerted chondroprotective potential by suppressing sulfated glycosaminoglycans release while preserving high accumulation of proteoglycans. In human chondrocyte cell line, a mixture of the major components equal to their amounts in KP extract showed strong suppression the expression of genes-associated inflammatory joint disease similar to that of the extract. Additionally, KP extract significantly suppressed NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The suppressing expression of necroptosis genes and promoted anti-apoptosis were also found. Collectively, these results provided supportive evidence of the anti-arthritis properties of KP extract, which are associated with its three major components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Ongchai
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Natthakarn Chiranthanut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Siriwan Tangyuenyong
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Nawarat Viriyakhasem
- The School of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Patiwat Kongdang
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Kim M, Choe Y, Lee H, Jeon MG, Park JH, Noh HS, Cheon YH, Park HJ, Park J, Shin SJ, Lee K, Lee SI. Blockade of translationally controlled tumor protein attenuated the aggressiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:67-80. [PMID: 33408335 PMCID: PMC8080778 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histamine releasing factor/translationally controlled tumor protein (HRF/TCTP) stimulates cancer progression and allergic responses, but the role of HRF/TCTP in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains undefined. In this study, we explored the pathogenic significance of HRF/TCTP and evaluated the therapeutic effects of HRF/TCTP blockade in RA. HRF/TCTP transgenic (TG) and knockdown (KD) mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were used to determine the experimental phenotypes of RA. HRF/TCTP levels in the sera of RA patients were measured and compared to those from patients with osteoarthritis (OA), ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet's disease, and healthy controls. HRF/TCTP expression was also assessed in the synovium and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) obtained from RA or OA patients. Finally, we assessed the effects of HRF/TCTP and dimerized HRF/TCTP-binding peptide-2 (dTBP2), an HRF/TCTP inhibitor, in RA-FLSs and CIA mice. Our clinical, radiological, histological, and biochemical analyses indicate that inflammatory responses and joint destruction were increased in HRF/TCTP TG mice and decreased in KD mice compared to wild-type littermates. HRF/TCTP levels in the sera, synovial fluid, synovium, and FLSs were higher in patients with RA than in control groups. Serum levels of HRF/TCTP correlated well with RA disease activity. The tumor-like aggressiveness of RA-FLSs was exacerbated by HRF/TCTP stimulation and ameliorated by dTBP2 treatment. dTBP2 exerted protective and therapeutic effects in CIA mice and had no detrimental effects in a murine tuberculosis model. Our results indicate that HRF/TCTP is a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyo Kim
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Choe
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727 Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Lee
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Jeon
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sook Noh
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hong Cheon
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Park
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727 Republic of Korea
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Choi C, Jeong W, Ghang B, Park Y, Hyun C, Cho M, Kim J. Cyr61 synthesis is induced by interleukin-6 and promotes migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:275. [PMID: 33228785 PMCID: PMC7685583 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) activation and promotes pannus formation and bone and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61) protein regulates cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Cyr61 in RA-FLS migration and invasion after IL-6 stimulation. Methods Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and real time-polymerase chain reaction were used to examine protein and mRNA levels of Cyr61, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and other signalling proteins. Knockdown of gene expression was performed with siRNA, and RNA sequencing was performed for differential gene analysis. Migration and invasion were assessed by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. Results Cyr61 levels were elevated in FLSs from RA patients compared to those in osteoarthritis patients. Control and IL-6-treated FLSs showed differential gene expression. IL-6 stimulated protein synthesis of Cyr61, which was attenuated by the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) inhibitor, PD98059, and knockdown of early growth response 3 (EGR3), but not of JUN. IL-6-induced Cyr61 protein synthesis increased expression of MMP2. Cyr61 promoted FLS migration and invasion in an autocrine manner. Knockdown of CYR61 and a neutralising antibody attenuated Cyr61 synthesis and IL-6-induced FLS migration. Conclusions By modulating the ERK/EGR3 pathway, IL-6 stimulated Cyr61 production and in turn increased invasiveness of FLS. Our data suggest that Cyr61 might be a potential target to prevent the progression of joint damage in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Choi
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Jeju National University Hospital, Aran 13gil, Jeju, 690-797, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongzu Ghang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Jeju National University Hospital, Aran 13gil, Jeju, 690-797, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggeun Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changlim Hyun
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Aran 13gil, Jeju, 690-797, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Jeju National University Hospital, Aran 13gil, Jeju, 690-797, Republic of Korea.
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Liu F, Feng XX, Zhu SL, Lin L, Huang HY, Zhang BY, Huang JL. Long non-coding RNA SNHG1 regulates rheumatoid synovial invasion and proliferation by interaction with PTBP1. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107182. [PMID: 33218941 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) present proliferative and aggressive cell phenotype. RA-FLSs are the essential effector cells that lead to symptoms like synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Currently, the cause of RA-FLSs involving in the pathological process of RA remains unknown. Accumulate researches have demonstrated that lncRNAs may play a critical role in regulating the biological behaviors of RA-FLSs, but the mechanism is still unclear. Here, we found that lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) is up-regulated in RA-FLSs compared with FLSs from trauma arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. The results suggest that SNHG1 in RA-FLSs helps to sustain the cellular functions of proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, the regulation mechanism depends on the interaction between SNHG1 and polypyridine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1). This interaction influences PTBP1 expression that participates in the regulation of RA-FLSs biological behaviors. Our results suggest that up-regulated SNHG1 of RA-FLSs may contribute to synovial aggression and disease progression in RA and be favourable for RA treatment target RA-FLSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang-Ling Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Huang
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bai-Yu Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Polyakova YV, Zavodovsky BV, Sivordova LE, Akhverdyan YR, Zborovskaya IA. Visfatin and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenetic Implications and Clinical Utility. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 16:224-239. [DOI: 10.2174/1573397115666190409112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Analysis and generalization of data related to visfatin involvement in the
pathogenesis of inflammation at various stages of rheumatoid arthritis.
Data Synthesis:
Visfatin is an adipocytokine which has also been identified in non-adipose tissues.
It influences directly on the maturation of B cells, which are involved in autoantibody production
and T cell activation. Visfatin can promote inflammation via regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines
including TNF, IL-1β and IL-6. The concentration of circulating visfatin in rheumatoid arthritis
patients is higher compared to healthy individuals. Several studies suggest that visfatin level is
associated with rheumatoid arthritis activity, and its elevation may precede clinical signs of the relapse.
In murine collagen-induced arthritis, visfatin levels were also found to be elevated both in
inflamed synovial cells and in joint vasculature. Visfatin blockers have been shown to confer fast
and long-term attenuation of pathological processes; however, most of their effects are transient.
Other factors responsible for hyperactivation of the immune system can participate in this process
at a later stage. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a combination of these blockers and inhibitors
of other mediators of inflammation can potentially improve treatment outcomes compared to
current therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in the treatment of experimental arthritis in mice as
well as the application of emerging treatment strategies obtained from oncology for rheumatoid arthritis
management could be a source of novel adipokine-mediated anti-rheumatic drugs.
Conclusion:
The ongoing surge of interest in anticytokine therapy makes further study of visfatin
highly relevant as it may serve as a base for innovational RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Polyakova
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Boris V. Zavodovsky
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa E. Sivordova
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri R. Akhverdyan
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A. Zborovskaya
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
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Angiogenic cytokines can reflect the synovitis severity and treatment response to biologics in rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:843-853. [PMID: 32461558 PMCID: PMC7272442 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and synoviocyte hyperplasia, called 'pannus,' are pathologic hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To determine the clinical significance of angiogenic cytokines in RA, the levels of pro-angiogenic cytokines, including VEGF, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and IL-6, were measured in the synovial fluid (SF, n = 54) and sera of RA patients (n = 157) using ELISA. Patients (n = 103) with disease activity score 28 (DAS28) > 3.2, which indicates moderate to high RA activity, underwent follow-up blood sampling at 6 months after treatment with conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (c-DMARD) or biologic DMARD (b-DMARD) including an anti-TNFα antibody, an anti-IL-6 antibody, and abatacept. Ultrasonography (US) was performed on affected joints to define the synovitis severity at the time of sampling. Consequently, in the SF of RA patients, PlGF and IL-6 levels correlated well with synovitis severity determined by US. In RA sera, VEGF and IL-6 levels were elevated in proportion to synovitis severity, correlating with conventional markers for disease activity, including ESR, CRP, and DAS28. In c-DMARD users (n = 53), serially monitored levels of serum VEGF, IL-6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) all decreased in good and moderate responders but not in nonresponders. In b-DMARD users (n = 49), only serum VEGF well represented the treatment response, while CRP nonspecifically decreased irrespective of the treatment outcome. By multivariable analysis, serum ΔVEGF, but not ΔESR or ΔCRP, was an independent factor associated with good and moderate responses to DMARD. In summary, the angiogenic cytokines PlGF and VEGF represent the synovitis severity of RA assessed by US. In patients receiving b-DMARD, serum VEGF may be more valuable than CRP in reflecting the treatment response.
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Mu N, Gu JT, Huang TL, Liu NN, Chen H, Bu X, Zheng ZH, Jia B, Liu J, Wang BL, Wang YM, Zhu ZF, Zhang Y, Zhang YQ, Xue XC, Li M, Zhang W. Blockade of Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 as a Strategy for Reducing Inflammation and Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis Via Altered Interleukin-15 and Dkk-1 Signaling in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:943-956. [PMID: 32362074 DOI: 10.1002/art.41205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to uncover the pathophysiologic role of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR-2), a putative fibrillar collagen receptor, in inflammation promotion and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS In synovial tissue from patients with RA and from mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) (using Ddr2-/- and DBA/1 mice), gene and protein expression levels of DDR-2, interleukin-15 (IL-15), and Dkk-1 were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Gene knockdown of DDR2 in human RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) was conducted via small interfering RNA. Interaction between the long noncoding RNA H19 and microRNA 103a (miR-103a) was assessed in RA FLS using RNA pulldown assays. Cellular localization of H19 was examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assays were applied to verify H19 transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation by miR-103a. RESULTS DDR2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was significantly associated with the levels of IL-15 and Dkk-1 mRNA in the synovial tissue of RA patients (r2 = 0.2022-0.3293, all P < 0.05; n = 33) and with the serum levels of IL-15 and Dkk-1 in mice with CAIA (P < 0.05). In human RA FLS, activated DDR-2 induced the expression of H19 through c-Myc. Moreover, H19 directly interacted with and promoted the degradation of miR-103a. CONCLUSION These results indicate a novel role for activated DDR-2 in RA FLS, showing that DDR-2 is responsible for regulating the expression of IL-15 and Dkk-1 in RA FLS and is involved in the promotion of inflammation and joint destruction during pathophysiologic development of RA. Moreover, DDR-2 inhibition, acting through the H19-miR-103a axis, leads to reductions in the inflammatory reaction and severity of joint destruction in mice with CAIA, suggesting that inhibition of DDR-2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Tao Gu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Nan-Nan Liu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Bu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zheng
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Ying-Mei Wang
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Zhu
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | - Meng Li
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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63
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Lu Q, Wang J, Zhang X, Tian R, Qiao L, Ge L, Pan J, Wang L. TXNDC5 protects synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis from the detrimental effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2020; 9:23-29. [PMID: 32201671 PMCID: PMC7062600 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2019.01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TXNDC5 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone that protects the endothelium from secondary effects of ER stress. Previous studies by the current authors identified TXNDC5 as a key pathological factor in promoting the inflammatory phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its activity in RA FLSs under ER stress remains unclear. The current study found that TXNDC5 is responsive to ER stress in RA FLSs since its expression was induced by ER stress at both the endogenous and secretory level. A functional study indicated that silencing TXNDC5 reduced the viability of RA FLSs more markedly in the presence of ER stressors. In contrast, rhTXNDC5 attenuated a decrease in cell viability as a result of ER stress. Moreover, silencing TXNDC5 attenuated the induction of IL-6 and IL-8 from RA FLSs in response to ER stress. In addition, rhTXNDC5 induced a greater increase in VEGF production during ER stress. These findings confirm the pro-survival and pro-inflammation roles of TXNDC5 under ER stress in RA FLSs. TXNDC5 appears to act as a mediator linking ER stress and inflammation of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Lu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Ji'nan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Graduate Education Centre of the Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruisong Tian
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Lab for Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Qiao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Luna Ge
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Lab for Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Lab for Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Lab for Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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64
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Small A, Wechalekar MD. Synovial biopsies in inflammatory arthritis: precision medicine in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:315-325. [PMID: 31865803 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1707671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Synovial tissue (ST) is composed of a lining and sublining layer and is the target tissue involved in the inflammatory arthritides (IA), in which there is lining layer hyperplasia, inflammatory cell influx, macrophage recruitment and change in number and behavior of lining fibroblasts. Understanding synovial pathology has been critical in providing insights into pathogenetic mechanisms of disease and therapeutics. Pathobiological insights into ST have been underpinned by progress in molecular analytic methods; research in this area holds promise in individualizing treatment and optimizing response.Areas covered: We explore ST in IA and cover in-depth the utility of synovial biopsy and ST heterogeneity. We review recent advances in ST research and discuss implications with regards to therapeutic response. Finally, we provide perspectives on the identification of new drug targets and new diagnostic and prognostic markers.Expert opinion: ST holds the potential to individualize therapy by detecting biomarkers of diagnosis, therapeutic choice, and treatment modification in IA. Advances in molecular biology including high-throughput omics are likely to provide information that has hitherto remained unknown. ST analyzes pre- and post-treatment needs to be standard of care; only by routinely collecting and analyzing ST will we achieve the precision medicine outcomes described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Small
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mihir D Wechalekar
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Rheumatology Department, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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65
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Xu D, Liang J, Lin J, Yu C. PKM2: A Potential Regulator of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Glycolytic and Non-Glycolytic Pathways. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2919. [PMID: 31921178 PMCID: PMC6930793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, there have been investigations focusing on the role of intracellular glucose metabolism in the pathogenesis of RA. Previous studies have shown that glycolysis of synovial tissue is increased in RA patients, while glycolysis inhibitors can significantly inhibit synovitis. Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a key enzyme in glycolysis, catalyzing the final rate-limiting step in the process. An isoform of PK, PKM2, provides favorable conditions for the survival of tumor cells via its glycolytic or non-glycolytic functions and has become a potential therapeutic target in tumors. RA synovium has the characteristic of tumor-like growth, and, moreover, increased expression of PKM2 was identified in the synovial tissue of RA patients in recent studies, indicating the underlying role of PKM2 in RA. PKM2 has potential value as a new therapeutic target or biomarker for RA, but its exact role in RA remains unclear. In this review, the properties of PKM2 and existing research concerning PKM2 and RA are thoroughly reviewed and summarized, and the possible role and mechanism of PKM2 in RA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Attenuates Autoimmune Arthritis by Suppressing Th17 Cells through NR1D1 Inhibition. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5648987. [PMID: 31780863 PMCID: PMC6855032 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5648987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of systemic autoimmune arthritis that causes joint inflammation and destruction. One of the pathological mechanisms of RA is known to involve histone acetylation. Although the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) can attenuate arthritis in animal models of RA, the mechanism underlying this effect is poorly understood. This study was performed to examine whether SAHA has therapeutic potential in an animal model of RA and to investigate its mechanism of action. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were orally administered SAHA daily for 8 weeks and examined for their arthritis score and incidence of arthritis. CD4+ T cell regulation following SAHA treatment was confirmed in splenocytes cultured under type 17 helper T (Th17) cell differentiation conditions. Clinical scores and the incidence of CIA were lower in mice in the SAHA treatment group compared to the controls. In addition, SAHA inhibited Th17 cell differentiation, as well as decreased expression of the Th17 cell-related transcription factors pSTAT3 Y705 and pSTAT3 S727. In vitro experiments showed that SAHA maintained regulatory T (Treg) cells but specifically reduced Th17 cells. The same results were obtained when mouse splenocytes were cultured under Treg cell differentiation conditions and then converted to Th17 cell differentiation conditions. In conclusion, SAHA was confirmed to specifically inhibit Th17 cell differentiation through nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), a factor associated with Th17 differentiation. The results of the present study suggested that SAHA can attenuate CIA development by inhibition of the Th17 population and maintenance of the Treg population through NR1D1 inhibition. Therefore, SAHA is a potential therapeutic candidate for RA.
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67
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Bilsborrow JB, Doherty E, Tilstam PV, Bucala R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:733-744. [PMID: 31414920 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1656718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine with upstream regulatory roles in innate and adaptive immunity and is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several classes of MIF inhibitors such as small molecule inhibitors and peptide inhibitors are in clinical development. Areas covered. The role of MIF in the pathogenesis of RA and SLE is examined; the authors review the structure, physiology and signaling characteristics of MIF and the related cytokine D-DT/MIF-2. The preclinical and clinical trial data for MIF inhibitors are also reviewed; information was retrieved from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords MIF, D-DT/MIF-2, CD74, CD44, CXCR2, CXCR4, Jab-1, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, MIF inhibitor, small molecule, anti-MIF, anti-CD74, and peptide inhibitor. Expert opinion. Studies in mice and in humans demonstrate the therapeutic potential of MIF inhibition for RA and SLE. MIF- directed approaches could be particularly efficacious in patients with high expression MIF genetic polymorphisms. In patients with RA and SLE and high expression MIF alleles, targeted MIF inhibition could be a precision medicine approach to treatment. Anti-MIF pharmacotherapies could also be steroid-sparing in patients with chronic glucocorticoid dependence or refractory autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Bilsborrow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Edward Doherty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Pathricia V Tilstam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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68
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Kang I, Bucala R. The immunobiology of MIF: function, genetics and prospects for precision medicine. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:427-437. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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69
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Abstract
The 4-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) is a multifunctional adaptor protein that can interact with cell surface receptors, cytosolic adaptor and structural proteins, kinases, and nuclear transcription factors. It is involved in numerous functional activities, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, structural stability, and gene expression. Despite this, FHL2-knockout (KO) mice are viable and fertile with no obvious abnormalities, rather suggesting a high capacity for fine-tuning adjustment and functional redundancy of FHL2. Indeed, challenging FHL2-KO cells or mice provided numerous evidences for the great functional significance of FHL2. In recent years, several reviews have been published describing the high capacity of FHL2 to bind diverse proteins as well as the versatile functions of FHL2, emphasizing in particular its role in cardiovascular diseases and carcinogenesis. Here, we view the function of FHL2 from a different perspective. We summarize the published data demonstrating the impact of FHL2 on wound healing and inflammation. FHL2 seems to be involved in numerous steps of these extremely complex and multidirectional but tightly regulated tissue remodeling processes, supporting tissue repair and coordinating inflammation. Deficiency of FHL2 not only slows down ongoing wound healing but also often turns it into a chronic condition.-Wixler, V. The role of FHL2 in wound healing and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Wixler
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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70
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Lochhead RB, Ordoñez D, Arvikar SL, Aversa JM, Oh LS, Heyworth B, Sadreyev R, Steere AC, Strle K. Interferon-gamma production in Lyme arthritis synovial tissue promotes differentiation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes into immune effector cells. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e12992. [PMID: 30550623 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lyme arthritis (LA), a late disease manifestation of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, usually resolves with antibiotic therapy. However, some patients develop proliferative synovitis lasting months to several years after spirochetal killing, called postinfectious LA. In this study, we phenotyped haematopoietic and stromal cell populations in the synovial lesion ex vivo and used these findings to generate an in vitro model of LA using patient-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Ex vivo analysis of synovial tissue revealed high abundance of IFNγ-producing T cells and NK cells. Similar to marked IFNγ responses in tissue, postinfectious LA synovial fluid also had high levels of IFNγ. HLA-DR-positive FLS were present throughout the synovial lesion, particularly in areas of inflammation. FLS stimulated in vitro with B. burgdorferi, which were similar to conditions during infection, expressed 68 genes associated primarily with innate immune activation and neutrophil recruitment. In contrast, FLS stimulated with IFNγ, which were similar to conditions in the postinfectious phase, expressed >2,000 genes associated with pathogen sensing, inflammation, and MHC Class II antigen presentation, similar to the expression profile in postinfectious synovial tissue. Furthermore, costimulation of FLS with B. burgdorferi and IFNγ induced greater expression of IL-6 and other innate immune response proteins and genes than with IFNγ stimulation alone. These results suggest that B. burgdorferi infection, in combination with IFNγ, initiates the differentiation of FLS into a highly inflammatory phenotype. We hypothesise that overexpression of IFNγ by lymphocytes within synovia perpetuates these responses in the postinfectious period, causing proliferative synovitis and stalling appropriate repair of damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Lochhead
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Ordoñez
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheila L Arvikar
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John M Aversa
- Department of Orthopedics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luke S Oh
- Department of Orthopedics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benton Heyworth
- Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allen C Steere
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Klemen Strle
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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McGarry T, Orr C, Wade S, Biniecka M, Wade S, Gallagher L, Low C, Veale DJ, Fearon U. JAK/STATBlockade Alters Synovial Bioenergetics, Mitochondrial Function, and Proinflammatory Mediators in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1959-1970. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trudy McGarry
- Trinity College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Carl Orr
- St. Vincent's University Hospital University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Monika Biniecka
- Trinity College Dublin and St. Vincent's University Hospital University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | | | | | - Candice Low
- St. Vincent's University Hospital University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Douglas J. Veale
- St. Vincent's University Hospital University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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72
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Waterborg CEJ, Koenders MI, van Lent PLEM, van der Kraan PM, van de Loo FAJ. Tyro3/Axl/Mertk-deficient mice develop bone marrow edema which is an early pathological marker in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205902. [PMID: 30335822 PMCID: PMC6193696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease of the synovial joints, hallmarked by chronic inflammation and subsequent progressive tissue destruction. TYRO3, AXL and MER (gene name Mertk) (TAM) receptors are part of a negative feedback signaling system in the immune reaction and mediate efferocytosis thereby tempering the inflammatory process. We have shown that Axl-/- and Mertk-/- mice develop more severe arthritis whereas activating these receptors by overexpressing their ligands Pros1 and Gas6 ameliorates arthritis. Mice genetically ablated for the three genes of the TAM receptor family Tyro3/Axl/Mertk (TAM triple knock-out or TKO) have been described to spontaneously develop macroscopic signs of arthritis. In this study we aimed to analyze arthritis development in TAM TKO mice histologically to determine the extent and sequence of pathological changes in the joint. Ankle joints of three different age groups, adolescence (14 weeks), mature adult (34 weeks) and middle-age (52 weeks), of TAM TKO or wild-type mice were examined macroscopically, histologically and immunohistochemically. Surprisingly, until the age of 52 weeks, none of the mice examined developed spontaneous macroscopic signs of arthritis. There was no synovial inflammation nor any signs of damage to the cartilage or bone. However, bone marrow edema was observed in TAM TKO mice in the two latter age groups. The infiltrate in the bone marrow was characterized by both myeloid cells and lymphocytes. This study showed that TAM TKO mice developed a pre-stage (pre-clinical phase) of arthritis marked by bone marrow edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. J. Waterborg
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije I. Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter L. E. M. van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fons A. J. van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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