51
|
Knoedler S, Matar DY, Friedrich S, Knoedler L, Haug V, Hundeshagen G, Kauke-Navarro M, Kneser U, Pomahac B, Orgill DP, Panayi AC. The surgical patient of yesterday, today, and tomorrow-a time-trend analysis based on a cohort of 8.7 million surgical patients. Int J Surg 2023; 109:2631-2640. [PMID: 37788019 PMCID: PMC10498871 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global healthcare delivery is challenged by the aging population and the increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The extent to which such trends affect the cohort of patients the authors surgically operate on remains to be elucidated. Comprising of 8.7 million surgical patients, the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database can be analyzed to investigate the echo of general population dynamics and forecast future trends. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors reviewed the ACS-NSQIP database (2008-2020) in its entirety, extracting patient age, BMI, and diabetes prevalence. Based on these data, the authors forecasted future trends up to 2030 using a drift model. RESULTS During the review period, median age increased by 3 years, and median BMI by 0.9 kg/m2. The proportion of patients with overweight, obesity class I, and class II rates increased. The prevalence of diabetes rose between 2008 (14.9%) and 2020 (15.3%). The authors forecast the median age in 2030 to reach 61.5 years and median BMI to climb to 29.8 kg/m2. Concerningly, in 2030, eight of ten surgical patients are projected to have a BMI above normal. Diabetes prevalence is projected to rise to 15.6% over the next decade. CONCLUSION General population trends echo in the field of surgery, with the surgical cohort aging at an alarmingly rapid rate and increasingly suffering from obesity and diabetes. These trends show no sign of abating without dedicated efforts and call for urgent measures and fundamental re-structuring for improved future surgical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knoedler
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
| | - Dany Y. Matar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
| | - Sarah Friedrich
- Department of Mathematical Statistics and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Valentin Haug
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
| | - Gabriel Hundeshagen
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Connal S. Perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2023; 84:1-2. [PMID: 37646546 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2023.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders are a group of conditions characterised by changes in cognitive function, which affect older people after surgery and anaesthesia. Multicomponent interventions may reduce the impact of perioperative neurocognitive disorders on patients and healthcare systems.
Collapse
|
53
|
Waring J, Martin GP, Hartley P, Partridge JSL, Dhesi JK. Implementing a perioperative care of older people undergoing surgery (POPS) service: findings from a multi-site qualitative implementation study. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad149. [PMID: 37566561 PMCID: PMC10418147 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Perioperative care for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS) service model is increasingly being implemented across care providers in the English and Welsh National Health Services. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to produce evidence regarding clinical leaders' activities to implement POPS across different service contexts and to produce generalisable recommendations for future implementation. METHODS A qualitative interview study was undertaken across six National Health Services hospitals with established POPS services. Interview participants were recruited on the basis of their direct involvement in the implementation and leadership of the service. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 26 people carried out between November 2022 and May 2023. RESULTS The implementation of POPS is often hampered by a lack of managerial and financial support, and apprehension amongst surgeons and anaesthetist about new ways of working. POPS leaders address these through five interconnected activities, each targeted at a combination of implementation factors. (i) Securing management and financial support. (ii) Professional engagement. (iii) Evidence building as a resource for demonstrating the clinical and operational benefits of POPS. (iv) Communication and engagement activities to promote and legitimise POPS to stakeholder groups. (v) Designated and distributed leadership to promote and coordinate implementation activities and to spread the service to new pathways. CONCLUSIONS Through a combination of activities POPS can be effectively implemented across different organisational contexts. Some aspects of these activities can be guided by shared resources and learning across sites, but others require adaption to local contextual barriers and drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Waring
- Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham P Martin
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Hartley
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith S L Partridge
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, Kings College London, London, UK
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jugdeep K Dhesi
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, Kings College London, London, UK
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Sanchez Leon RM, Rajaraman A, Kubwimana MN. Optimizing Nutritional Status of Patients Prior to Major Surgical Intervention. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2023; 19:85-96. [PMID: 37547903 PMCID: PMC10402792 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients undergoing elective cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, malnutrition and the deterioration of nutritional status are associated with negative outcomes. Recognition of the contributory factors and the complications stemming from surgical stress is important for the prevention and management of these patients. We have reviewed the literature available and focused on the nutritional and metabolic aspects affecting surgical patients, with emphasis on the recommendations of enhanced recovery protocols. The implementation of enhanced recovery protocols and nutritional support guidelines focusing on the surgical patient as part of a multidisciplinary approach would improve the nutritional status of surgical patients at risk for negative outcomes.
Collapse
|
55
|
Ludski J, Carp B, Makar T, Yii M, Lee DK, Weinberg L. Outcomes and complications of nonagenarians undergoing cardiac surgery: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072293. [PMID: 37463807 PMCID: PMC10357299 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Continually rising life expectancy and a shift towards an ageing population are resulting in an increasing population of nonagenarians. By 2030, the global population of nonagenarians is expected to exceed 30 million. The incidence of symptomatic cardiac disease is reported to occur in 25% of those aged over 75 years. Therefore, the number of nonagenarians undergoing cardiac surgery is also expected to increase. A linear relationship between advanced age and surgical risk has previously been demonstrated; however, it is not yet known whether this knowledge extends to the perioperative course and mortality of nonagenarians undergoing cardiac surgery. This scoping review aims to review the literature, assess whether a deficiency exists in the published literature and potentially identify knowledge gaps to guide future efforts to improve the understanding of nonagenarians undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Following the relevant aspects of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review guidelines, electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library will be systematically searched, with additional reference tracking of eligible studies. Studies reporting the outcomes of nonagenarians undergoing open cardiac surgery or minimally invasive cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass will be included. Screening and data extraction will be performed by two reviewers independently. The data will be analysed and summarised descriptively with a narrative approach. Qualitative data that capture quality-of-life outcomes will be subjected to thematic analysis where feasible. Additionally, reporting results will highlight similarities and differences in nonagenarian selection for surgery. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was not required. The findings will be disseminated through professional networks, conference presentations and publications in scientific journals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarryd Ludski
- Department of Anesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradly Carp
- Department of Anesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Makar
- Department of Anesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Yii
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Epworth Eastern Hospital, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Laurence Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
McCullagh IJ, Salas B, Teodorczuk A, Callaghan M. Modifiable risk factors for post-operative delirium in older adults undergoing major non-cardiac elective surgery: a multi-centre, trainee delivered observational cohort feasibility study and trainee survey. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:436. [PMID: 37454100 PMCID: PMC10349417 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-operative delirium (POD) is an acute brain failure which may occur following major surgery, with serious implications for participants and caregivers. Evidence regarding optimal anaesthetic management for older participants at higher risk of POD is conflicting. We conducted a feasibility study of our protocol in 5 centres to guide sample size estimation and inform future recruitment strategies for a larger cohort study. METHODS Participants aged over 65 and scheduled for major surgery were recruited. They were assessed pre-operatively for delirium, cognitive impairment, depression, comorbidity, activity levels and alcohol use. Details of management during surgery, all medications and complications were recorded by a trainee-led research team. Participants were assessed for delirium in the immediate recovery period and then on post-operative days 1-4 using the 4 question attention test (4AT) with complications assessed at day 4 using the post-operative morbidity survey (POMS). Primary outcomes were the incident rates of POD. Secondary outcomes were number of eligible patients, recruitment rates and retention rates throughout the study, time required for data collection, preoperative risk factors assessment and daily postoperative delirium assessments. Also to assess the added value of employing the regional trainee research network (INCARNNET) to deliver the study. Specifically, what proportion of patient consent, data collection and post-operative testing is performed by anaesthesia trainees from this group, especially the success of weekend delirium assessment by trainees? A survey was completed at the end of the study by the trainees involved regarding their involvement in the study. RESULTS Ninety-five participants were recruited, of whom 93 completed the study. Overall, POD occurred in 9 patients. Of these, three were detected in recovery and six on post-op days 1-4. Median length of stay was 6 days. Recruitment rates were high in all but one site. 59 (62%) participants were consented by trainees and 189 (63%) of post op delirium assessments were performed by trainees. A total of six patients declined the study (in a follow up survey of trainees). Pre-existing cognitive impairment, depression and problem drinking were detected in 4(4.3%), 3(3.2%) and 5(5.37%) participants, respectively. Co-morbidity was common with 55(59%) in class three or four of the geriatric index of morbidity. Overall, from a total of 641 data points, levels of missing data were as follows, site A = 9.3%, B = 13.5%, C = 15.4%, D = 10.9%, E = 11.1% (data could not be completed retrospectively). CONCLUSIONS A multi-centre observational cohort study of delirium carried out by UK trainee anaesthetists is feasible. Patients are content to undergo day of surgery consent and multiple short questionnaires pre-operatively. Proposed data, especially pharmacological, should be carefully considered for their relevance to modifiable mechanisms that can lead to POD. Future research to enable prognostic modelling of POD should involve large scale cohort studies of enriched populations to capture a higher POD incidence. POD remains a common complication in older persons undergoing major surgery in the UK and studies of interventions are urgently needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was retrospectively registered with ISRCTN94663125 on 07/02/2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain J McCullagh
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Barbara Salas
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Teodorczuk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Callaghan
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Fowler AJ, Wahedally MAH, Abbott TEF, Prowle JR, Cromwell DA, Pearse RM. Long-term disease interactions amongst surgical patients: a population cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2023:S0007-0912(23)00237-4. [PMID: 37400340 PMCID: PMC10375505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The average age of the surgical population continues to increase, as does prevalence of long-term diseases. However, outcomes amongst multi-morbid surgical patients are not well described. METHODS We included adults undergoing non-obstetric surgical procedures in the English National Health Service between January 2010 and December 2015. Patients could be included multiple times in sequential 90-day procedure spells. Multi-morbidity was defined as presence of two or more long-term diseases identified using a modified Charlson comorbidity index. The primary outcome was 90-day postoperative death. Secondary outcomes included emergency hospital readmission within 90 days. We calculated age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression. We compared the outcomes associated with different disease combinations. RESULTS We identified 20 193 659 procedure spells among 13 062 715 individuals aged 57 (standard deviation 19) yr. Multi-morbidity was present among 2 577 049 (12.8%) spells with 195 965 deaths (7.6%), compared with 17 616 610 (88.2%) spells without multi-morbidity with 163 529 deaths (0.9%). Multi-morbidity was present in 1 902 859/16 946 808 (11.2%) elective spells, with 57 663 deaths (2.7%, OR 4.9 [95% CI: 4.9-4.9]), and 674 190/3 246 851 (20.7%) non-elective spells, with 138 302 deaths (20.5%, OR 3.0 [95% CI: 3.0-3.1]). Emergency readmission followed 547 399 (22.0%) spells with multi-morbidity compared with 1 255 526 (7.2%) without. Multi-morbid patients accounted for 57 663/114 783 (50.2%) deaths after elective spells, and 138 302/244 711 (56.5%) after non-elective spells. The rate of death varied five-fold from lowest to highest risk disease pairs. CONCLUSION One in eight patients undergoing surgery have multi-morbidity, accounting for more than half of all postoperative deaths. Disease interactions amongst multi-morbid patients is an important determinant of patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Fowler
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.
| | | | - Tom E F Abbott
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John R Prowle
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A Cromwell
- Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rupert M Pearse
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Paveley AM, Hall H, Mudford L, Partridge J, Dhesi J. Including the voice of older people in the co-design of perioperative pathways of care. Future Healthc J 2023; 10:143-146. [PMID: 37786626 PMCID: PMC10540803 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.2023-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Older people constitute the majority of high-risk surgical patients. Despite this, they are often excluded from patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) and research in the perioperative setting. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)-based perioperative services demonstrate clinical and cost effectiveness for older patients but are not delivered at all hospitals. Scaling up such services across the NHS requires PPIE to deliver quality, patient-centred care with fidelity to existing evidence. We describe the process of, and outputs from, PPIE in older patients to inform future implementation and evaluation of CGA-based perioperative services at scale. Results show older patients value CGA-based perioperative care and support widespread implementation to deliver streamlined perioperative care, coordinated specialist input and clear communication between clinicians and with patients. This case study illustrates how to champion the voice of older people to develop pathways of care aligned to needs of service users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harriet Hall
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jugdeep Dhesi
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Weiss Y, Zac L, Refaeli E, Ben-Yishai S, Zegerman A, Cohen B, Matot I. Preoperative Cognitive Impairment and Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Large Cohort Study (The CIPOD Study). Ann Surg 2023; 278:59-64. [PMID: 35913053 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that in surgical patients ≥70 years, preoperative cognitive impairment is independently associated with postoperative delirium. BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium is common among elderly surgical patients and is associated with longer hospitalization and significant morbidity. Some evidence suggest that baseline cognitive impairment is an important risk factor. Routine screening for both preoperative cognitive impairment and postoperative delirium is recommended for older surgical patients. As of 2019, we implemented such routine perioperative screening in all elective surgical patients ≥70 years. METHODS Retrospective single-center analysis of prospectively collected data between January and December 2020. All elective noncardiac surgical patients ≥70 years without pre-existing dementia were included. Postoperative delirium, defined as 4A's test score ≥4, was evaluated in the postanesthesia care unit and during the initial 2 postoperative days. Patients' electronic records were also reviewed for delirium symptoms and other adverse outcomes. RESULTS Of 1518 eligible patients, 1338 (88%) were screened preoperatively [mean (SD) age 77 (6) years], of whom 21% (n=279) had cognitive impairment (Mini-Cog score ≤2). Postoperative delirium occurred in 15% (199/1338). Patients with cognitive impairment had more postoperative delirium [30% vs. 11%, adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.3 (2.3-4.7)]. They also had a higher incidence of a composite of postoperative complications [20% vs. 12%, adjusted odds ratio: 1.8 (1.2-2.5)], and median 1-day longer hospital stay [median (interquartile range): 6 (3,12) vs. 5 (3,9) days]. CONCLUSIONS One-fifth of elective surgical patients ≥70 years present to surgery with preoperative cognitive impairment. These patients are at increased risk of postoperative delirium and major adverse outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Weiss
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lilach Zac
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Refaeli
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimon Ben-Yishai
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Zegerman
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Barak Cohen
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Idit Matot
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Shaw SE, Hughes G, Pearse R, Avagliano E, Day JR, Edsell ME, Edwards JA, Everest L, Stephens TJ. Opportunities for shared decision-making about major surgery with high-risk patients: a multi-method qualitative study. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:56-66. [PMID: 37117099 PMCID: PMC10308437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the opportunities for shared decision-making when older high-risk patients are offered major surgery. This study examines how, when, and why clinicians and patients can share decision-making about major surgery. METHODS This was a multi-method qualitative study, combining video recordings of preoperative consultations, interviews, and focus groups (33 patients, 19 relatives, 36 clinicians), with observations and documentary analysis in clinics in five hospitals in the UK undertaking major orthopaedic, colorectal, and/or cardiac surgery. RESULTS Three opportunities for shared decision-making about major surgery were identified. Resolution-focused consultations (cardiac/colorectal) resulted in a single agreed preferred option related to a potentially life-threatening problem, with limited opportunities for shared decision-making. Evaluative and deliberative consultations offered more opportunity. The former focused on assessing the likelihood of benefits of surgery for a presenting problem that was not a threat to life for the patient (e.g., orthopaedic consultations) and the latter (largely colorectal) involved discussion of a range of options while also considering significant comorbidities and patient preferences. The extent to which opportunities for shared decision-making were available, and taken up by surgeons, was influenced by the nature of the presenting problem, clinical pathway, and patient trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Decisions about major surgery were not always shared between patients and doctors. The nature of the presenting problem, comorbidities, clinical pathways, and patient trajectories all informed the type of consultation and opportunities for sharing decision-making. Our findings have implications for clinicians, with shared decision-making about major surgery most feasible when the focus is on life-enhancing treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Shaw
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Gemma Hughes
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rupert Pearse
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ester Avagliano
- Hammersmith Hospital Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London, London, UK
| | - James R Day
- Department of Anaesthesia, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark E Edsell
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
| | | | | | - Timothy J Stephens
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Gong XY, Hou DJ, Yang J, He JL, Cai MJ, Wang W, Lu XY, Gao J. Incidence of delirium after non-cardiac surgery in the Chinese elderly population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1188967. [PMID: 37455941 PMCID: PMC10346854 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1188967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background POD places a heavy burden on the healthcare system as the number of elderly people undergoing surgery is increasing annually because of the aging population. As a large country with a severely aging population, China's elderly population has reached 267 million. There has been no summary analysis of the pooled incidence of POD in the elderly Chinese population. Methods Systematic search databases included PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library Databases, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), WanFang Database, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals (VIP). The retrieval time ranged from the database's establishment to February 8, 2023. The pooled incidence of delirium after non-cardiac surgery was calculated using a random effects model. Meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Results A total of 52 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 18,410 participants. The pooled incidence of delirium after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly Chinese population was 18.6% (95% CI: 16.4-20.8%). The meta-regression results revealed anesthesia method and year of publication as a source of heterogeneity. In the subgroup analysis, the gender subgroup revealed a POD incidence of 19.6% (95% CI: 16.9-22.3%) in males and 18.3% (95% CI: 15.7-20.9%) in females. The year of publication subgroup analysis revealed a POD incidence of 20.3% (95% CI: 17.4-23.3%) after 2018 and 14.6 (95% CI: 11.6-17.6%) in 2018 and before. In the subgroup of surgical types, the incidence of hip fracture surgery POD was 20.7% (95% CI: 17.6-24.3%), the incidence of non-cardiac surgery POD was 18.4% (95% CI: 11.8-25.1%), the incidence of orthopedic surgery POD was 16.6% (95% CI: 11.8-21.5%), the incidence of abdominal neoplasms surgery POD was 14.3% (95% CI: 7.6-21.1%); the incidence of abdominal surgery POD was 13.9% (95% CI: 6.4-21.4%). The anesthesia methods subgroup revealed a POD incidence of 21.5% (95% CI: 17.9-25.1%) for general anesthesia, 15.0% (95% CI: 10.6-19.3%) for intraspinal anesthesia, and 8.3% (95% CI: 10.6-19.3%) for regional anesthesia. The measurement tool subgroup revealed a POD incidence of 19.3% (95% CI: 16.7-21.9%) with CAM and 16.8% (95% CI: 12.6-21.0%) with DSM. The sample size subgroup revealed a POD incidence of 19.4% (95% CI: 16.8-22.1%) for patients ≤ 500 and 15.3% (95% CI: 11.0-19.7%) for patients > 500. The sensitivity analysis suggested that the pooled incidence of postoperative delirium in this study was stable. Conclusion Our systematic review of the incidence of delirium after non-cardiac surgery in elderly Chinese patients revealed a high incidence of postoperative delirium. Except for cardiac surgery, the incidence of postoperative delirium was higher for hip fracture surgery than for other types of surgery. However, this finding must be further explored in future large-sample studies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: PROSPERO CRD42023397883.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong-Jiang Hou
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-li He
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Jin Cai
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian-Ying Lu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Andrew C, Fleischer CM, Camblor PM, Chow V, Briggs A, Deiner S. Postoperative rehospitalization in older surgical patients: an age-stratified analysis. Perioper Med (Lond) 2023; 12:28. [PMID: 37344862 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-023-00313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults comprise 40% of surgical inpatients and are at increased risk of postoperative rehospitalization. A decade ago, 30-day rehospitalizations for Medicare patients were reported as 15%, and more than 70% was attributed to medical causes. In the interim, there have been several large-scale efforts to establish best practice for older patients through surgical quality programs and national initiatives by Medicare and the National Health Service. To understand the current state of rehospitalization in the USA, we sought to report the incidence and cause of 30-day rehospitalization across surgical types by age. STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective study utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) dataset from 2015 to 2019. Our primary exposure of interest was age. Patients were categorized into four groups: 18-49, 50-64, 65-74, and 75 + years old. Reasons for rehospitalization were evaluated using NSQIP defined causes and reported International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes. Our primary outcome was the incidence of unplanned 30-day rehospitalization and secondary outcome the cause for rehospitalization. Variables were summarized by age group through relative (%) and absolute (n) frequencies; chi-square tests were used to compare proportions. Since rehospitalization is a time-to-event outcome in which death is a competing event, the cumulative incidence of rehospitalization at 30 days was estimated using the procedure proposed by Gray. The same strategy was used for estimating the cumulative incidence for unplanned rehospitalizations. RESULTS A total of 2,798,486 patients met inclusion criteria; 198,542 had unplanned rehospitalization (overall 7.09%). Rehospitalization by age category was 6.12, 6.99, 7.50, and 9.50% for ages 18-49, 50-64, 65-74, and 75 + , respectively. Complications related to the digestive system were the single most common cause of rehospitalization across age groups. Surgical site infection was the second most common cause, with the relative frequency decreasing with age as follows: 21.74%, 19.08%, 15.09%, and 9.44% (p < .0001). Medical causes such as circulatory or respiratory complications were more common with increasing age (2.10%, 4.43%, 6.27%, 8.86% and 3.27, 4.51, 6.07, 8.11%, respectively). CONCLUSION We observed a decrease in overall rehospitalization for older surgical patients compared to studies a decade ago. The oldest (≥ 75) surgical patients had the highest 30-day rehospitalization rates (9.50%). The single most common reason for rehospitalization was the same across age groups and likely attributed to surgery (ileus). However, the aggregate of medical causes of rehospitalization was more common in older patients; surgical and respiratory reasons were twice as common in this group. Rehospitalization increased by age for some surgery types, e.g., lower extremity bypass, more than others, e.g., ventral hernia repair. Future investigations should focus on interventions to reduce medical complications and further decrease postoperative rehospitalization for older surgical patients undergoing high-risk procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Andrew
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Fleischer
- Department of General Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pablo Martinez Camblor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Vinca Chow
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Alexandra Briggs
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Stacie Deiner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Barnes K, Hladkowicz E, Dorrance K, Bryson GL, Forster AJ, Gagné S, Huang A, Lalu MM, Lavallée LT, Saunders C, Moloo H, Nantel J, Power B, Scheede-Bergdahl C, Taljaard M, van Walraven C, McCartney CJL, McIsaac DI. Barriers and facilitators to participation in exercise prehabilitation before cancer surgery for older adults with frailty: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:356. [PMID: 37280523 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with frailty are at an increased risk of adverse outcomes after surgery. Exercise before surgery (exercise prehabilitation) may reduce adverse events and improve recovery after surgery. However, adherence with exercise therapy is often low, especially in older populations. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively assess the barriers and facilitators to participating in exercise prehabilitation from the perspective of older people with frailty participating in the intervention arm of a randomized trial. METHODS This was a research ethics approved, nested descriptive qualitative study within a randomized controlled trial of home-based exercise prehabilitation vs. standard care with older patients (≥ 60 years) having elective cancer surgery, and who were living with frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale ≥ 4). The intervention was a home-based prehabilitation program for at least 3 weeks before surgery that involved aerobic activity, strength and stretching, and nutritional advice. After completing the prehabilitation program, participants were asked to partake in a semi-structured interview informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Qualitative analysis was guided by the TDF. RESULTS Fifteen qualitative interviews were completed. Facilitators included: 1) the program being manageable and suitable to older adults with frailty, 2) adequate resources to support engagement, 3) support from others, 4) a sense of control, intrinsic value, noticing progress and improving health outcomes and 5) the program was enjoyable and facilitated by previous experience. Barriers included: 1) pre-existing conditions, fatigue and baseline fitness, 2) weather, and 3) guilt and frustration when unable to exercise. A need for individualization and variety was offered as a suggestion by participants and was therefore described as both a barrier and facilitator. CONCLUSIONS Home-based exercise prehabilitation is feasible and acceptable to older people with frailty preparing for cancer surgery. Participants identified that a home-based program was manageable, easy to follow with helpful resources, included valuable support from the research team, and they reported self-perceived health benefits and a sense of control over their health. Future studies and implementation should consider increased personalization based on health and fitness, psychosocial support and modifications to aerobic exercises in response to adverse weather conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keely Barnes
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Emily Hladkowicz
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristin Dorrance
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gregory L Bryson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, Room B311, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Alan J Forster
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sylvain Gagné
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, Room B311, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Allen Huang
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Manoj M Lalu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, Room B311, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Luke T Lavallée
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of Urology, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chelsey Saunders
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, Room B311, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Hussein Moloo
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Nantel
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Barbara Power
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Monica Taljaard
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carl van Walraven
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, Room B311, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Colin J L McCartney
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, Room B311, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Daniel I McIsaac
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, Room B311, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Czajka S, Taborek M, Krzych ŁJ. Is Frailty a Good Predictor of Postoperative Complications in Elective Abdominal Surgery?-A Single-Center, Prospective, Observational Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050869. [PMID: 37241039 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the common occurrence of postoperative complications in patients with frailty syndrome, the nature and severity of this relationship remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association of frailty with possible postoperative complications after elective, abdominal surgery in participants of a single-centre prospective study in relation to other risk classification methods. METHODS Frailty was assessed preoperatively using the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), Modified Frailty Index (mFI) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Perioperative risk was assessed using the American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status (ASA PS), Operative Severity Score (OSS) and Surgical Mortality Probability Model (S-MPM). RESULTS The frailty scores failed to predict in-hospital complications. The values of AUCs for in-hospital complications ranged between 0.5 and 0.6 and were statistically nonsignificant. The perioperative risk measuring system performance in ROC analysis was satisfactory with AUC ranging from 0.63 for OSS to 0.65 for S-MPM (p < 0.05 for each). CONCLUSIONS The analysed frailty rating scales proved to be poor predictors of postoperative complications in the studied population. Scales assessing perioperative risk performed better. Further studies are needed to obtain optimal predictive tools in senior patients undergoing surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Czajka
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Taborek
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz J Krzych
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Jónsdóttir F, Blöndal AB, Guðmundsson A, Bates I, Stevenson JM, Sigurðsson MI. Epidemiology and association with outcomes of polypharmacy in patients undergoing surgery: retrospective, population-based cohort study. BJS Open 2023; 7:7166807. [PMID: 37194458 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of preoperative polypharmacy and the incidence of postoperative polypharmacy/hyper-polypharmacy in surgical patients and their association with adverse outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study among patients older than or equal to 18 years undergoing surgery at a university hospital between 2005 and 2018. Patients were categorized based on the number of medications: non-polypharmacy (fewer than 5); polypharmacy (5-9); and hyper-polypharmacy (greater than or equal to 10). The 30-day mortality, prolonged hospitalization (greater than or equal to 10 days), and incidence of readmission were compared between medication-use categories. RESULTS Among 55 997 patients, the prevalence of preoperative polypharmacy was 32.3 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 33.5 to 34.3) and the prevalence of hyper-polypharmacy was 25.5 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 25.2 to 25.9). Thirty-day mortality was higher for patients exposed to preoperative hyper-polypharmacy (2.3 per cent) and preoperative polypharmacy (0.8 per cent) compared with those exposed to non-polypharmacy (0.6 per cent) (P < 0.001). The hazards ratio (HR) of long-term mortality was higher for patients exposed to hyper-polypharmacy (HR 1.32 (95 per cent c.i. 1.25 to 1.40)) and polypharmacy (HR 1.07 (95 per cent c.i. 1.01 to 1.14)) after adjustment for patient and procedural variables. The incidence of longer hospitalization (greater than or equal to 10 days) was higher for hyper-polypharmacy (11.3 per cent) and polypharmacy (6.3 per cent) compared with non-polypharmacy (4.1 per cent) (P < 0.001). The 30-day incidence of readmission was higher for patients exposed to hyper-polypharmacy (10.2 per cent) compared with polypharmacy (6.1 per cent) and non-polypharmacy (4.8 per cent) (P < 0.001). Among patients not exposed to polypharmacy, the incidence of new postoperative polypharmacy/hyper-polypharmacy was 33.4 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 32.8 to 34.1), and, for patients exposed to preoperative polypharmacy, the incidence of postoperative hyper-polypharmacy was 16.3 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 16.0 to 16.7). CONCLUSION Preoperative polypharmacy and new postoperative polypharmacy/hyper-polypharmacy are common and associated with adverse outcomes. This highlights the need for increased emphasis on optimizing medication usage throughout the perioperative interval. REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04805151 (http://clinicaltrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freyja Jónsdóttir
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Pharmacy Services, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna B Blöndal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Development Centre for Primary Healthcare in Iceland, Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Aðalsteinn Guðmundsson
- Division of Geriatrics, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ian Bates
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer M Stevenson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, UK
- Pharmacy Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martin I Sigurðsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ludbrook G, Grocott MPW, Heyman K, Clarke-Errey S, Royse C, Sleigh J, Solomon LB. Outcomes of Postoperative Overnight High-Acuity Care in Medium-Risk Patients Undergoing Elective and Unplanned Noncardiac Surgery. JAMA Surg 2023:2804485. [PMID: 37133876 PMCID: PMC10157507 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Postoperative complications are increasing, risking patients' health and health care sustainability. High-acuity postoperative units may benefit outcomes, but existing data are very limited. Objective To evaluate whether a new high-acuity postoperative unit, advanced recovery room care (ARRC), reduces complications and health care utilization compared with usual ward care (UC). Design, Setting, and Participants In this observational cohort study, adults who were undergoing noncardiac surgery at a single-center tertiary adult hospital, anticipated to stay in hospital for 2 or more nights, were scheduled for postoperative ward care, and at medium risk (defined as predicted 30-day mortality of 0.7% to 5% by the National Safety Quality Improvement Program risk calculator) were included. Allocation to ARRC was based on bed availability. From 2405 patients assessed for eligibility with National Safety Quality Improvement Program risk scoring, 452 went to ARRC and 419 to UC, with 8 lost to 30-day follow-up. Propensity scoring identified 696 patients with matched pairs. Patients were treated between March and November 2021, and data were analyzed from January to September 2022. Interventions ARRC is an extended postanesthesia care unit (PACU), staffed by anesthesiologists and nurses (1 nurse to 2 patients) collaboratively with surgeons, with capacity for invasive monitoring and vasoactive infusions. ARRC patients were treated until the morning after surgery, then transferred to surgical wards. UC patients were transferred to surgical wards after usual PACU care. Main Outcome and Measures The primary end point was days at home at 30 days. Secondary end points were health facility utilization, medical emergency response (MER)-level complications, and mortality. Analyses compared groups before and after propensity scoring matching. Results Of 854 included patients, 457 (53.5%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 70.0 (14.4) years. Days at home at 30 days was greater with ARRC compared with UC (mean [SD] time, 17 [11] vs 15 [11] days; P = .04). During the first 24 hours, more patients were identified with MER-level complications in ARRC (43 [12.4%] vs 13 [3.7%]; P < .001), but after return to the ward, these were less frequent from days 2 to 9 (9 [2.6%] vs 22 [6.3%]; P = .03). Length of hospital stay, hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, and mortality were similar. Conclusions and Relevance For medium-risk patients, brief high-acuity care with ARRC allowed enhanced detection and management of early MER-level complications, which was followed by a decreased incidence of subsequent MER-level complications after discharge to the ward and by increased days at home at 30 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Ludbrook
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael P W Grocott
- Perioperative and Critical Care Research Theme, Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy Heyman
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandy Clarke-Errey
- Statistical Consulting Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Colin Royse
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jamie Sleigh
- The University of Auckland, Peter Rothwell Academic Centre, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton West, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - L Bogdan Solomon
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Cardiac assessment and management in older surgical patients. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 61:1-7. [PMID: 36892982 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
68
|
Butris N, Tang E, He D, Wang DX, Chung F. Sleep disruption in older surgical patients and its important implications. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 61:47-54. [PMID: 36727706 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Butris
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Tang
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David He
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dong-Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Frances Chung
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Perioperative medicine for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS): Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) and optimization in the perioperative setting. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 61:62-69. [PMID: 36892984 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
|
70
|
Polypharmacy in older surgical patients: practical steps for managing perioperative medications. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 61:16-22. [PMID: 36892983 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
71
|
Moonesinghe SR. The Anesthesiologist as Public Health Physician. Anesth Analg 2023; 136:675-678. [PMID: 36928152 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ramani Moonesinghe
- From the UCL/UCLH Surgical Outcomes Research Center (SOuRCe), Center for Perioperative Medicine, Research Department for Targeted intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Korc-Grodzicki B. It is not "If" but "How" Preoperative Frailty Assessment Should be Provided. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:1935-1937. [PMID: 36585535 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-13008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
73
|
Zhao Z, Zhou S, Tang Y, Zhou L, Ji H, Tang Z, Dai R. Impact of age on short-term outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective case-control study of 260 patients. Front Surg 2023; 10:1031409. [PMID: 37066018 PMCID: PMC10097935 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1031409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the increase of perioperative complications in the elderly undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) surgery has been recognized, the definition of the “old patient” of PD in the studies is different and there is no accepted cut-off value at present.Methods279 consecutive patients who have undergone PD in our center between January 2012 and May 2020 were analyzed. Demographic features, clinical-pathological data and short-term outcomes were collected. The patients were divided into two groups, and the cut-off value (62.5 years) is picked based on the highest Youden Index. Primary endpoints were perioperative morbidity and mortality, and complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo Score.ResultsA total of 260 patients with PD were included in this study. Postoperative pathology confirmed pancreatic tumors in 62 patients, bile duct tumor in 105, duodenal tumor in 90, and others in 3. Age (OR = 1.09, P < 0.01), and albumin (OR = 0.34, P < 0.05) were significantly correlated with postoperative Clavien-Dindo Score ≥3b. There were 173 (66.5%) patients in the younger group (<62.5 years) and 87 (33.5%) in the elderly group (≥62.5 years). Significant difference between two groups was demonstrated for Clavien-Dindo Score ≥3b (P < 0.01), postoperative pancreatic fistula (P < 0.05), and perioperative deceases (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAge and albumin were significantly correlated with postoperative Clavien-Dindo Score ≥3b, and there was no significant difference in predicting the grade of Clavien-Dindo Score. The cut-off value of elderly patients with PD was 62.5 years old and there were useful in predicting Clavien-Dindo Score ≥3b, pancreatic fistula, and perioperative death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Zhao
- Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Shibo Zhou
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Clinical MedicineSouthwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lichen Zhou
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Clinical MedicineSouthwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Ji
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Clinical MedicineSouthwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Clinical MedicineSouthwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ruiwu Dai
- Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Clinical MedicineSouthwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- Correspondence: Dai Ruiwu
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Clayton-Smith M, Narayanan H, Shelton C, Bates L, Brennan F, Deido B, Donnellon M, Dorey J, Evans B, Gower J, Hamdaoui Y, Hitchman J, Kinsella SM, Knagg R, Lawson C, Morris D, Pegna V, Radcliffe T, Schaff O, Sheppard T, Strong J, Jones D. Greener Operations: a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership to define research priorities in environmentally sustainable perioperative practice through a structured consensus approach. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066622. [PMID: 36977540 PMCID: PMC10069275 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To agree on the 'top 10' research priorities for environmentally sustainable perioperative practice. DESIGN Surveys and literature review; final consensus workshop using a nominal group technique. SETTING UK-based setting. PARTICIPANTS Healthcare professionals, patients, carers and the public. OUTCOME MEASURES Initial survey-suggested research questions; interim survey-shortlist of 'indicative' questions (the 20 most frequently nominated by patients, carers and the public, and healthcare professionals); final workshop-ranked research priorities. RESULTS Initial survey-1926 suggestions by 296 respondents, refined into 60 indicative questions. Interim survey-325 respondents. Final workshop-21 participants agreed the 'top 10': (1) How can more sustainable reusable equipment safely be used during and around the time of an operation? (2) How can healthcare organisations more sustainably procure (obtain) medicines, equipment and items used during and around the time of an operation? (3) How can healthcare professionals who deliver care during and around the time of an operation be encouraged to adopt sustainable actions in practice? (4) Can more efficient use of operating theatres and associated practices reduce the environmental impact of operations? (5) How can the amount of waste generated during and around the time of an operation be minimised? (6) How do we measure and compare the short-term and long-term environmental impacts of surgical and non-surgical treatments for the same condition? (7) What is the environmental impact of different anaesthetic techniques (eg, different types of general, regional and local anaesthesia) used for the same operation? (8) How should the environmental impact of an operation be weighed against its clinical outcomes and financial costs? (9) How can environmental sustainability be incorporated into the organisational management of operating theatres? (10) What are the most sustainable forms of effective infection prevention and control used around the time of an operation (eg, personal protective equipment, drapes, clean air ventilation)? CONCLUSIONS A broad range of 'end-users' have identified research priorities for sustainable perioperative care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clifford Shelton
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Louise Bates
- Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | | | - Mike Donnellon
- College of Operating Department Practitioners, London, UK
| | - Jenny Dorey
- Patient and Public Representative, Oxford, UK
| | - Bob Evans
- Patient and Public Representative, Oxted, UK
| | | | | | | | - S Michael Kinsella
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Cathy Lawson
- County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Darlington, UK
| | - Daniel Morris
- University Hospital of Wales Healthcare NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Olivia Schaff
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - David Jones
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Dos Santos NL, Lenert ME, Castillo ZW, Mody PH, Thompson LT, Burton MD. Age and sex drive differential behavioral and neuroimmune phenotypes during postoperative pain. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:129-144. [PMID: 36577640 PMCID: PMC9892227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Surgical procedures in the geriatric population are steadily increasing, driven by improved healthcare technologies and longer lifespans. However, effective postoperative pain treatments are lacking, and this diminishes quality of life and recovery. Here we present one of the first preclinical studies to pursue sex- and age-specific differences in postoperative neuroimmune phenotypes and pain. We found that aged males, but not females, had a delayed onset of mechanical hypersensitivity post-surgery and faster resolution than young counterparts. This sex-specific age effect was accompanied by decreased paw innervation and increased local inflammation. Additionally, we find evidence of an age-dependent decrease in hyperalgesic priming and perioperative changes in nociceptor populations and spinal microglia in the aged. These findings suggest that impaired neuronal function and maladaptive inflammatory mechanisms influence postoperative pain development in advanced age. Elucidation of these neuroimmune phenotypes across age and sex enables the development of novel therapies that can be tailored for improved pain relief.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Dos Santos
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Melissa E Lenert
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Zachary W Castillo
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Prapti H Mody
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Lucien T Thompson
- Aging and Memory Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Oliver JB, McFarlane JL, Kunac A, Anjaria DJ. Declining Resident Surgical Autonomy and Improving Surgical Outcomes: Correlation Does Not Equal Causality. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:434-441. [PMID: 36335032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The volume of cases that residents perform independently have decreased leaving graduating chief residents less prepared for independent practice. Outcomes are not worse when residents are given autonomy with appropriate supervision, however it is unknown if outcomes are worsening with decreasing operative autonomy experience. We hypothesize that resident autonomous cases parallel the improving outcomes in surgical care over time, however, are less complex and on lower acuity patients. DESIGN Retrospective study utilizing the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) database. SETTING Operative cases performed on teaching services within the VASQIP database from July 1, 2004 to September 30, 2019, were included. PARTICIPANTS All adult patients who underwent a surgical procedure from July 1, 2004, to September 30, 2019, at a VA hospital on a service that included residents were initially included. After inclusions and exclusions, there were 1,346,461 cases. Cases were divided into 3 sequential 5 year eras (ERA 1: 2004-2008 n = 415,614, ERA 2: 2009-2013 n = 478,528, and ERA 3: 2014-2019 n = 452,319). The main exposure of interest was level of resident supervision, coded at the time of procedure as: attending primary surgeon (AP); attending and resident (AR), or resident primary with the attending supervising but not scrubbed (RP). We compared 30 day all-cause mortality, composite morbidity, work relative value unit (wRVU), hospital length of stay, and operative time between each ERA for RP cases, as well as within each ERA for RP cases compared to AR and AP cases. RESULTS There was a progressive decline in the rate of RP cases in each successive ERA (ERA 1: 58,249 (14.0%) vs ERA 2: 47,891 (10.0%) vs ERA 3: 35,352 (7.8%), p < 0.001). For RP cases, patients were progressively getting older (60 yrs [53-71] vs 63 yrs [54-69] vs 66 yrs [57-72], p < 0.001) and sicker (ASA 3 58.7% vs 62.5% vs 66.2% and ASA 4/5 8.4% vs 9.6% vs10.0%, p < 0.001). Odds of mortality decreased in each ERA compared to the previous (aOR 0.71 [0.62-0.80] ERA 2 vs ERA 1 and 0.82 [0.70-0.97] ERA 3 vs ERA 2) as did morbidity (0.77 [0.73-0.82] ERA 2 vs ERA 1 and 0.72 [0.68-0.77] ERA 3 vs ERA 2). Operative and length of stay also decreased while wRVU stayed unchanged. When comparing RP cases to AP and AR within each ERA, RP cases tended to be on younger and healthier patients with a lower wRVU, particularly compared to AR cases. Mortality and morbidity were no different or better in RP compared to AR and AP. CONCLUSIONS Despite resident autonomy decreasing, outcomes in cases where they are afforded autonomy are improving over time. This despite RP cases being on sicker and older patients and performing roughly the same complexity of cases. They also continue to perform no worse than cases with higher levels of supervision. Efforts to increase surgical resident operative autonomy are still needed to improve readiness for independent practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Oliver
- VA New Jersey Healthcare System, Department of Surgery, East Orange, New Jersey; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Surgery, Newark, New Jersey.
| | - Jamal L McFarlane
- VA New Jersey Healthcare System, Department of Surgery, East Orange, New Jersey; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Surgery, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Anastasia Kunac
- VA New Jersey Healthcare System, Department of Surgery, East Orange, New Jersey; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Surgery, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Devashish J Anjaria
- VA New Jersey Healthcare System, Department of Surgery, East Orange, New Jersey; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Surgery, Newark, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Thangrom W, Roopsawang I, Aree-Ue S. Prevalence and Related Factors of Lower Urinary Tract Infection in Frail Older Adults Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgery. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:geriatrics8020033. [PMID: 36960988 PMCID: PMC10037596 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are the most common complication after surgery in older adults, resulting in poor operative outcomes and reduced quality of life after discharge. However, there is limited research investigating the relationships between urinary tract infection and associated factors in frail older surgical patients, particularly in Thailand. This retrospective study included 220 frail older patients aged ≥ 60 years who had undergone major noncardiac surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand from January 2015 to December 2019. The sample was recruited using the criteria indicated in the modified Frailty Index-11 and having the blood glucose level determined within 2 h before surgery. The prevalence of lower urinary tract infections was 15% post-surgery. Firth's logistic regression analysis revealed that the equation could predict the accuracy of lower urinary tract infections by 88.5%. Frailty, blood glucose levels, complication during admission, and personal factors together predicted the variability of lower urinary tract infections. Adjusting for other variables, being an older adult with severe frailty and complications during hospital admission significantly increased the risk of developing lower urinary tract infections (odds ratio = 3.46, p < 0.05; odds ratio = 9.53, p < 0.001, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warin Thangrom
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Inthira Roopsawang
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suparb Aree-Ue
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Döhler I, Röder D, Schlesinger T, Nassen CA, Germer CT, Wiegering A, Lock JF. Risk-adjusted perioperative bridging anticoagulation reduces bleeding complications without increasing thromboembolic events in general and visceral surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:56. [PMID: 36797688 PMCID: PMC9933373 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative bridging of oral anticoagulation increases the risk of bleeding complications after elective general and visceral surgery. The aim of this study was to explore, whether an individual risk-adjusted bridging regimen can reduce bleeding events, while still protecting against thromboembolic events. METHODS We performed a quality improvement study comparing bridging parameters and postoperative outcomes before (period 1) and after implementation (period 2) of a new risk-adjusted bridging regimen. The primary endpoint of the study was overall incidence of postoperative bleeding complications during 30 days postoperatively. Secondary endpoints were major postoperative bleeding, minor bleeding, thromboembolic events, postoperative red blood cell transfusion, perioperative length-of-stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 263 patients during period 1 and 271 patients during period 2 were compared. The included elective operations covered the entire field of general and visceral surgery. The overall incidence of bleeding complications declined from 22.1% during period 1 to 10.3% in period 2 (p < 0.001). This reduction affected both major as well as minor bleeding events (8.4% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.039; 13.7% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.004). The incidence of thromboembolic events remained low (0.8% vs. 1.1%). No changes in mortality or length-of-stay were observed. CONCLUSION It is important to balance the individual thromboembolic and bleeding risks in perioperative bridging management. The risk adjusted bridging regimen reduces bleeding events in general and visceral surgery while the risk of thromboembolism remains comparably low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Döhler
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of General, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 VisceralWürzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Röder
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schlesinger
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Alexander Nassen
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of General, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 VisceralWürzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of General, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 VisceralWürzburg, Germany
| | - Johan Friso Lock
- Department of General, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, VisceralWürzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Batista AFR, Petty D, Fairhurst C, Davies S. Psoas muscle mass index as a predictor of long-term mortality and severity of complications after major intra-abdominal colorectal surgery – A retrospective analysis. J Clin Anesth 2023; 84:110995. [PMID: 36371943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Determine if psoas muscle area measured in routine preoperative computed tomography scans (CT) can be used to identify patients at increased risk of adverse postoperative outcomes after major elective abdominal surgery. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of data from a single-centre cohort study conducted in York Hospital between the 1st August of 2015 and the 31st of august of 2020. SETTING Preoperative clinic. PATIENTS 639 patients who attended the preoperative assessment clinic prior to major elective colorectal surgery and had an abdominal CT scan done up to 120 days before surgery. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS Psoas muscle area at the L3 level was measured in preoperative CT scans and normalised to patient height (psoas muscle index). The lowest sex-stratified tertile of psoas muscle index (PMI) was classed as sarcopenic. The primary outcome was 2-year mortality. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications assessed using Clavien-Dindo graded major and minor complications, comprehensive complication index (CCI), and length of stay. MAIN RESULTS Multivariable regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was associated with 2-year mortality (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.03-3.10; p = 0.037) and survival at 2-years was significantly reduced in sarcopenic patients (log-rank test, p = 0.012). Sarcopenia was the only statistically significant predictor of major complications in multivariable logistic regression analysis (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.04-2.74, p = 0.034) and associated with an estimated increase of 16.6% in the comprehensive complication index (CCI) score of patients that had complications in multivariable linear regression analysis. Sarcopenia was not associated with length of stay. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia defined by psoas muscle mass is an independent predictor of 2-year mortality, major complications and severity of complications after major colorectal surgery and may be used for preoperative risk assessment.
Collapse
|
80
|
Barreto Chang OL, Possin KL, Maze M. Age-Related Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders: Experimental Models and Druggable Targets. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:321-340. [PMID: 36100220 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-112525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With the worldwide increase in life span, surgical patients are becoming older and have a greater propensity for postoperative cognitive impairment, either new onset or through deterioration of an existing condition; in both conditions, knowledge of the patient's preoperative cognitive function and postoperative cognitive trajectory is imperative. We describe the clinical utility of a tablet-based technique for rapid assessment of the memory and attentiveness domains required for executive function. The pathogenic mechanisms for perioperative neurocognitive disorders have been investigated in animal models in which excessive and/or prolonged postoperative neuroinflammation has emerged as a likely contender. The cellular and molecular species involved in postoperative neuroinflammation are the putative targets for future therapeutic interventions that are efficacious and do not interfere with the surgical patient's healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odmara L Barreto Chang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Katherine L Possin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, and Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mervyn Maze
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; .,Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Au E, Thangathurai G, Saripella A, Yan E, Englesakis M, Nagappa M, Chung F. Postoperative Outcomes in Elderly Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Preoperative Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Anesth Analg 2023; 136:1016-1028. [PMID: 36728298 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients with preoperative cognitive impairment are at risk for increased postoperative complications after noncardiac surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between preoperative cognitive impairment and dementia and postoperative outcomes in older surgical patients after cardiac surgery. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to January 4, 2022. Inclusion criteria were cardiac surgery patients ≥60 years of age; preoperative cognitive impairment; ≥1 postoperative complication reported; comparator group with no preoperative cognitive impairment; and written in English. Using a random-effects model, we calculated effect sizes as odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean differences (SMDs). Risk of random error was assessed by applying trial sequential analysis. RESULTS Sixteen studies (62,179 patients) were included. Preoperative cognitive impairment was associated with increased risk of delirium in older patients after cardiac surgery (70.0% vs 20.5%; OR, 8.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.25-16.38; I2, 0%; P < .00001). Cognitive impairment was associated with increased hospital length of stay (LOS; SMD, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20-0.51; I2, 22%; P < .00001) and intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (SMD, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.09-0.68; I2, 70%; P = .01). No significant association was seen for 30-day mortality (1.7% vs 1.1%; OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 0.64-10.44; I2, 55%; P = .18). CONCLUSIONS In older patients undergoing cardiac surgery, cognitive impairment was associated with an 8-fold increased risk of delirium, a 5% increase in absolute risk of major postoperative bleeding, and an increase in hospital and ICU LOS by approximately 0.4 days. Further research on the feasibility of implementing routine neurocognitive testing is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Au
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aparna Saripella
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ellene Yan
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Englesakis
- Department of Library & Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahesh Nagappa
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and St Joseph Health Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Chung
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Harrison TG, Hemmelgarn BR, Farragher JF, O'Rielly C, Donald M, James MT, McCaughey D, Ruzycki SM, Zarnke KB, Ronksley PE. Perioperative management for people with kidney failure receiving dialysis: A scoping review. Semin Dial 2023; 36:57-66. [PMID: 35384079 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with kidney failure receiving dialysis (CKD-G5D) are more likely to undergo surgery and experience poorer postoperative outcomes than those without kidney failure. In this scoping review, we aimed to systematically identify and summarize perioperative strategies, protocols, pathways, and interventions that have been studied or implemented for people with CKD-G5D. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Controlled Trials registry (inception to February 2020), in addition to an extensive grey literature search, for sources that reported on a perioperative strategy to guide management for people with CKD-G5D. We summarized the overall study characteristics and perioperative management strategies and identified evidence gaps based on surgery type and perioperative domain. Publication trends over time were assessed, stratified by surgery type and study design. RESULTS We included 183 studies; the most common study design was a randomized controlled trial (27%), with 67% of publications focused on either kidney transplantation or dialysis vascular access. Transplant-related studies often focused on fluid and volume management strategies and risk stratification, whereas dialysis vascular access studies focused most often on imaging. The number of publications increased over time, across all surgery types, though driven by non-randomized study designs. CONCLUSIONS Despite many current gaps in perioperative research for patients with CKD-G5D, evidence generation supporting perioperative management is increasing, with recent growth driven primarily by non-randomized studies. Our review may inform organization of evidence-based strategies into perioperative care pathways where evidence is available while also highlighting gaps that future perioperative research can address.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone G Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brenda R Hemmelgarn
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janine F Farragher
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connor O'Rielly
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maoliosa Donald
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew T James
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deirdre McCaughey
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shannon M Ruzycki
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelly B Zarnke
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul E Ronksley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Costa-Pinto R, Yanase F, Kennedy LM, Talbot LJ, Flanagan JP, Opdam HI, Ellard LM, Bellomo R, Jones DA. Characteristics and outcomes of surgical patients admitted to an overnight intensive recovery unit: A retrospective observational study. Anaesth Intensive Care 2023; 51:29-37. [PMID: 36217293 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x221105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative 'enhanced care' models that sit between critical care and ward-based care may allow for more cost-effective and efficient utilisation of resources for high-risk surgical patients. In this retrospective observational study, we describe an overnight intensive recovery model in a tertiary hospital, termed 'recovery high dependency unit', and the characteristics, treatment, disposition at discharge and in-hospital outcomes of patients admitted to this unit. We included all adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to the recovery high dependency unit for at least one hour between July 2017 and June 2020. Over this three-year period, 1257 patients were included in the study. The median length of stay in the recovery high dependency unit was 12.6 (interquartile range 9.1-15.9) hours and the median length of hospital stay was 8.3 (interquartile range 5.0-17.3) days. Hospital discharge data showed that 1027 (81.7%) patients were discharged home and that 37 (2.9%) patients died. Non-invasive ventilation was delivered to 59 (4.7%) patients and 290 (23.1%) required vasopressor support. A total of 164 patients (13.0%) were admitted to the intensive care unit following their recovery high dependency unit admission. Of the 1093 patients who were discharged to the ward, 70 patients (6.4%) had a medical emergency team call within 24 hours of discharge from the recovery high dependency unit. In this study of a recovery high dependency unit patient cohort, there was a relatively low need for intensive care unit admission postoperatively and a very low incidence of medical emergency team calls post-discharge to the ward. Other institutions may consider the introduction and evaluation of this model in the care of their higher risk surgical patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Costa-Pinto
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Fumitaka Yanase
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy M Kennedy
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Lachie J Talbot
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Helen I Opdam
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Louise M Ellard
- Department of Anaesthesia, 96043Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, University of Melbourne and Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daryl A Jones
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Lammers-Lietz F, Zacharias N, Mörgeli R, Spies CD, Winterer G. Functional Connectivity of the Supplementary and Presupplementary Motor Areas in Postoperative Transition Between Stages of Frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2464-2473. [PMID: 35040961 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a multietiological geriatric syndrome of run-down physical reserves with high vulnerability to stressors. Transitions between physical robustness and frailty often occur in the context of medical interventions. Studies suggest that neurological disorders contribute to faster progression of frailty. In a previous cross-sectional study we found altered functional connectivity of supplementary motor area (SMA) in (pre)frail compared to robust patients. We analyzed functional connectivity of the SMA and presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in patients with postoperative transitions between physical robustness and stages of frailty. METHODS We investigated 120 cognitively healthy patients (49.2% robust, 47.5% prefrail, 3.3% frail, 37.5% female, median age 71 [65-87] years) undergoing elective surgery from the BioCog project, a multicentric prospective cohort study on postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction. Assessments took place 14 days before and 3 months after surgery, comprising assessments of a modified frailty phenotype according to Fried and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. The associations between functional connectivity of the SMA and pre-SMA networks, preoperative frailty stages, and postoperative transitions were examined using mixed linear effects models. RESULTS Nineteen patients showed physical improvement after surgery, 24 patients progressed to (pre)frailty and in 77 patients no transition was observed. At follow-up, 57 (47.5%) patients were robust, 52 (43.3%) prefrail, and 11 (9.2%) frail. Lower functional connectivity in the pre-SMA network was associated with more unfavorable postoperative transition types. An exploratory analysis suggested that the association was restricted to patients who were prefrail at baseline. There was no association of transition type with SMA functional connectivity in the primary analysis. In an exploratory analysis, transition from prefrailty to robustness was associated with higher functional connectivity and progression in robust patients was associated with higher SMA network segregation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate that dysfunctions of cortical networks involved in higher cognitive control of motion are associated with postoperative transitions between frailty stages. The pre-SMA may be a target for neurofeedback or brain stimulation in approaches to prevent frailty. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT02265263.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lammers-Lietz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norman Zacharias
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Mörgeli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia D Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Winterer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Kappenschneider T, Maderbacher G, Weber M, Greimel F, Holzapfel D, Parik L, Schwarz T, Leiss F, Knebl M, Reinhard J, Schraag AD, Thieme M, Turn A, Götz J, Zborilova M, Pulido LC, Azar F, Spörrer JF, Oblinger B, Pfalzgraf F, Sundmacher L, Iashchenko I, Franke S, Trabold B, Michalk K, Grifka J, Meyer M. Special orthopaedic geriatrics (SOG) - a new multiprofessional care model for elderly patients in elective orthopaedic surgery: a study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial of a multimodal intervention in frail patients with hip and knee replacement. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1079. [PMID: 36494823 PMCID: PMC9733347 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to demographic change, the number of older people in Germany and worldwide will continue to rise in the coming decades. As a result, the number of elderly and frail patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty is projected to increase significantly in the coming years. In order to reduce risk of complications and improve postoperative outcome, it can be beneficial to optimally prepare geriatric patients before orthopaedic surgery and to provide perioperative care by a multiprofessional orthogeriatric team. The aim of this comprehensive interventional study is to assess wether multimorbid patients can benefit from the new care model of special orthopaedic geriatrics (SOG) in elective total hip and knee arthroplasty. METHODS The SOG study is a registered, monocentric, prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) funded by the German Federal Joint Committee (GBA). This parallel group RCT with a total of 310 patients is intended to investigate the specially developed multimodal care model for orthogeriatric patients with total hip and knee arthroplasty (intervention group), which already begins preoperatively, in comparison to the usual orthopaedic care without orthogeriatric co-management (control group). Patients ≥70 years of age with multimorbidity or generally patients ≥80 years of age due to increased vulnerability with indication for elective primary total hip and knee arthroplasty can be included in the study. Exclusion criteria are age < 70 years, previous bony surgery or tumor in the area of the joint to be treated, infection and increased need for care (care level ≥ 4). The primary outcome is mobility measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Secondary outcomes are morbidity, mortality, postoperative complications, delirium, cognition, mood, frailty, (instrumental) activities of daily living, malnutrition, pain, polypharmacy, and patient reported outcome measures. Tertiary outcomes are length of hospital stay, readmission rate, reoperation rate, transfusion rate, and time to rehabilitation. The study data will be collected preoperative, postoperative day 1 to 7, 4 to 6 weeks and 3 months after surgery. DISCUSSION Studies have shown that orthogeriatric co-management models in the treatment of hip fractures lead to significantly reduced morbidity and mortality rates. However, there are hardly any data available on the elective orthopaedic care of geriatric patients, especially in total hip and knee arthroplasty. In contrast to the care of trauma patients, optimal preoperative intervention is usually possible. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00024102. Registered on 19 January 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kappenschneider
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Günther Maderbacher
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Markus Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Greimel
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Dominik Holzapfel
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Lukas Parik
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Timo Schwarz
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Franziska Leiss
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Michael Knebl
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Jan Reinhard
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Amadeus Dominik Schraag
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Max Thieme
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Agathe Turn
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Julia Götz
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Magdalena Zborilova
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Loreto C. Pulido
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Fady Azar
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Jan-Frederik Spörrer
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Britta Oblinger
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Frederik Pfalzgraf
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Leonie Sundmacher
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Iryna Iashchenko
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Franke
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Trabold
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Katrin Michalk
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Meyer
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Shahab R, Lochrie N, Moppett IK, Dasgupta P, Partridge JSL, Dhesi JK. A Description of Interventions Prompted by Preoperative Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Optimization in Older Elective Noncardiac Surgical Patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:1948-1954.e4. [PMID: 36137559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), a multicomponent, complex intervention, can be used to improve perioperative outcomes. This study aimed to describe the actions and interventions prompted by preoperative CGA and optimization in elective noncardiac, older, surgical patients. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Five hundred consecutive patients aged over 65 years attending a preoperative CGA and optimization clinic in a single academic center. METHODS A retrospective review of electronic clinical records was undertaken. CGA prompted actions and interventions were categorized a priori and examined according to the perioperative pathway and frailty status. RESULTS Patients received a median of nine interventions (IQR 6‒12, range 0‒28). Long-term condition medication changes were made in 375 (75.0%) patients, lifestyle advice provided in 269 (53.8%), therapy interventions delivered in 117 (23.4%), shared decision making documented in 495 (99.0%) with individualized admission plans documented in 410/426 (96.2%). Following CGA, 74/500 (14.8%) patients did not undergo surgery and were more likely to have benign pathology (69% vs 53%, P = .01), higher frailty scores (Edmonton Frail Scale 8 (IQR 5‒10) vs 4 (IQR 2-6), P < .001), lower functional status (Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living 33 (IQR 16‒47) vs 57 (IQR 45‒64), P < .001) or cognitive scores (Montreal Cognitive Assessment 19 (IQR 14‒24) vs 24 (IQR 20‒26), P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides a description of actions and interventions prompted by preoperative CGA at one center. Such a detailed exploration of the CGA process and the clinical skills necessary to deliver it, should be used to inform future multicenter studies and the development and implementation of perioperative services for older patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihan Shahab
- Perioperative Medicine for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Lochrie
- Perioperative Medicine for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian K Moppett
- Department of Anesthesia, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Anesthesia and Critical Care Section, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith S L Partridge
- Perioperative Medicine for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jugdeep K Dhesi
- Perioperative Medicine for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Research Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Prin M, Clendenen N, Lum H, Kertai MD, Abrams BA. Challenging Paradigms and Trusting Evidence: New Approaches to Perioperative Care. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 26:257-259. [PMID: 36314083 DOI: 10.1177/10892532221138170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Prin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan Clendenen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hillary Lum
- Department of Medicine-Geriatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miklos D Kertai
- Department of Anesthesiology, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin A Abrams
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
McIsaac DI, Hutton B, Veroniki A, Gill M, Boland L, Branje K, Grudzinski AL, Hladkowicz E, Shaw J, Gillis C. Identifying relative efficacy of components of prehabilitation in adult surgical patients: protocol for a systematic review and component network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e068797. [PMID: 36396310 PMCID: PMC9677017 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prehabilitation is a high-priority intervention for patients, the public, clinicians and health systems. However, existing knowledge syntheses are generally low quality and do not provide insights regarding the relative efficacy of different prehabilitation components (eg, exercise, nutrition, psychosocial or cognitive interventions). The objective of the planned review is to evaluate the relative efficacy of different prehabilitation components to inform current care, implementation and future research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will perform a systematic review and component network meta-analysis (CNMA). We will use a peer-reviewed search strategy to identify all randomised trials of prehabilitation in adult surgical patients from Ovid Medline, Embase, the CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, along with grey literature. All stages of the review and data extraction process will be performed in duplicate, following recommended best practices. To compare the relative efficacy of different prehabilitation components (prespecified as exercise, nutrition, psychosocial or cognitive interventions), we will use CNMA, an extension of network meta-analysis that allows estimation of the contributions to efficacy of each component of a multicomponent intervention through direct and indirect comparisons. We will use additive CNMA models for critical outcomes (postoperative complications, patient-reported recovery, physical recovery and length of stay); standard care will be the common reference condition. Pre-specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review of published data does not require ethical review. Results will be disseminated via scientific conferences, peer-reviewed publications, social and traditional media and via our research network to target partners and organisations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I McIsaac
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Areti Veroniki
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Laura Boland
- Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karina Branje
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa L Grudzinski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Hladkowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Shaw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chelsia Gillis
- Department of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Partridge JSL, Ryan J, Dhesi JK, Barker C, Bates L, Bell R, Bryden D, Carter S, Clegg A, Conroy S, Cowley A, Curtis A, Diedo B, Eardley W, Evley R, Hare S, Hopper A, Humphry N, Kanga K, Kilvington B, Lees NP, McDonald D, McGarrity L, McNally S, Meilak C, Mudford L, Nolan C, Pearce L, Price A, Proffitt A, Romano V, Rose S, Selwyn D, Shackles D, Syddall E, Taylor D, Tinsley S, Vardy E, Youde J. New guidelines for the perioperative care of people living with frailty undergoing elective and emergency surgery-a commentary. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6847803. [PMID: 36436009 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is common in the older population and is a predictor of adverse outcomes following emergency and elective surgery. Identification of frailty is key to enable targeted intervention throughout the perioperative pathway from contemplation of surgery to recovery. Despite evidence on how to identify and modify frailty, such interventions are not yet routine perioperative care. To address this implementation gap, a guideline was published in 2021 by the Centre for Perioperative Care and the British Geriatrics Society, working with patient representatives and all stakeholders involved in the perioperative care of patients with frailty undergoing surgery. The guideline covers all aspects of perioperative care relevant to adults living with frailty undergoing elective and emergency surgery. It is written for healthcare professionals, as well as for patients and their carers, managers and commissioners. Implementation of the guideline will require collaboration between all stakeholders, underpinned by an implementation strategy, workforce development with supporting education and training resources, and evaluation through national audit and research. The guideline is an important step in improving perioperative outcomes for people living with frailty and quality of healthcare services. This commentary provides a summary and discussion of the evidence informing the standards and recommendations in the published guideline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith S L Partridge
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London London, UK
| | - Jack Ryan
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jugdeep K Dhesi
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Kopczynska M, Hvas CL, Jepsen P, Teubner A, Abraham A, Burden ST, Taylor M, Carlson G, Lal S. Standardised survival and excess Life Years Lost in patients with type 3 intestinal failure. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2446-2454. [PMID: 36215864 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Long term outcomes have been reported in home parenteral nutrition (HPN)-dependent patients with type 3 intestinal failure (IF), but there are limited survival data standardised to the general population that would help provide a meaningful prognosis for patients and clinicians. The primary aim of this study was therefore to investigate the survival of HPN-dependent patients and to evaluate the specific impact of type 3 IF on their life expectancy standardised to that of the general population. METHODS This was a cohort study of adult patients initiated on HPN between 1978 and 2018 at a national UK IF reference centre and followed up until death or censoring date of 31st December 2020. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated as observed deaths divided by expected deaths using UK Office for National Statistics database. Excess Life Years Lost (LYL) were calculated separately for each sex as the differences in average life expectancy between patients with type 3 IF and the general population. Survival data were evaluated using cox regression models adjusting for confounding. RESULTS In total, 1046 patients were identified, with a total observation time of 7344.1 patient-years. Patients with malignancy (n = 206) were excluded from the survival analysis. Of the remaining 840 patients, 398 were alive by the end of follow-up. The probability of survival was 91.8% at 1 year, 69.3% at 5 years, 54.3% at 10 years, 29.8% at 20 years and 16.7% at 30 years. Patients who did not achieve nutritional autonomy had an increased likelihood of death compared to patients who ceased HPN. In total, 40 (9.0%) deaths were HPN or IF-related, while underlying disease leading to IF accounted for 98 (22.2%) deaths. There were 270 (61.1%) deaths not related to IF, with the majority of these patients dying from infections unrelated to HPN. Overall mortality rates were higher among patients with a diagnosis of type 3 IF compared with the general UK population with a SMR of 7.48 (95% CI 6.80 to 8.21) and an excess mortality rate of 54.0 per 1000 person-years. All mechanisms of IF were associated with excess mortality, with SMR ranging from 6.82 (95% CI 5.98 to 7.72) for short bowel syndrome to 15.51 (95% CI 11.73 to 20.03) for dysmotility. On average, the excess LYL was 17.45 years for males and 17.39 years for females compared with the general population of the same age. CONCLUSION This the largest single-centre series reporting survival outcomes in patients with type 3 IF over more than a four-decade period and the first to report LYL in this patient cohort. Type 3 IF was associated with more than seven-fold higher mortality rates than for the general UK population and shorter life expectancies of more than 17 years. Survival, however, was better in those able to achieve nutritional autonomy. Since the majority of deaths were due to non-HPN or non-IF causes, there is clearly a need now to further explore these causes of death in order to improve our understanding of excessive mortality in type 3 IF and develop ways to prevent it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kopczynska
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom.
| | - Christian L Hvas
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Jepsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Antje Teubner
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Abraham
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Sorrel T Burden
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Taylor
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Carlson
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lal
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Miller RL, Barnes JD, Mouton R, Braude P, Hinchliffe R. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in perioperative care: a systematic review of a complex intervention. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062729. [PMID: 36270763 PMCID: PMC9594523 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a complex intervention applied to older people with evidence of benefit in medical populations. The aim of this systematic review was to describe how CGA is applied to surgical populations in randomised controlled trials. This will provide a basis for design of future studies focused on optimising CGA as a complex intervention. SETTING A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS A systematic search was performed for studies of CGA in the perioperative period across Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL, from inception to March 2021. INTERVENTIONS Any randomised controlled trials of perioperative CGA versus 'standard care' were included. OUTCOME MEASURES Qualitative description of CGA. RESULTS 12 121 titles and abstracts were screened, 68 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 22 articles included, reporting on 13 trials. 10 trials focused on inpatients with hip fracture, with 7 of these delivering CGA on a geriatric medicine ward, 3 on a surgical ward. The remaining three trials were in elective general surgery all delivering CGA on a surgical ward. CGA components, duration of intervention and personnel delivering the intervention were highly variable across the different studies. Trials favoured postoperative delivery of CGA (11/13). Only four trials reported data on adherence to the CGA intervention. CONCLUSIONS CGA as an intervention is variably described and delivered in randomised controlled trials in the perioperative setting. The reporting of both the intervention and standard care is often poor with little focus on adherence. Future research should focus on clearly defining and standardising the intervention as well as measuring adherence within trials. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020221797.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Lucia Miller
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Vascular Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, England
| | | | - Ronelle Mouton
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Anaesthesia, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Philip Braude
- CLARITY (Collaborate Ageing Research) group, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Robert Hinchliffe
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Vascular Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, England
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Stephens TJ, Pearse RM. The limitations of shared decision-making in surgery. Br J Surg 2022; 109:1051-1052. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Stephens
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London , London , UK
- Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London , UK
| | - Rupert M Pearse
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London , London , UK
- Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Fowler AJ, Trivedi B, Boomla K, Pearse R, Prowle J. Change in healthcare utilisation after surgical treatment: observational study of routinely collected patient data from primary and secondary care. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129:889-897. [PMID: 36192218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients fully recover after surgery. However, high-risk patients may experience an increased burden of medical disease. METHODS We performed a prospectively planned analysis of linked routine primary and secondary care data describing adult patients undergoing non-obstetric surgery at four hospitals in East London between January 2012 and January 2017. We categorised patients by 90-day mortality risk using logistic regression modelling. We calculated healthcare contact days per patient year during the 2 yr before and after surgery, and express change using rate ratios (RaR) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We included 70 021 patients, aged (mean [standard deviation, sd]) 49.8 (19) yr, with 1238 deaths within 2 yr after surgery (1.8%). Most procedures were elective (51 693, 74.0%), and 20 441 patients (29.1%) were in the most deprived national quintile for social deprivation. Elective patients had 12.7 healthcare contact days per patient year before surgery, increasing to 15.5 days in the 2 yr after surgery (RaR, 1.22 [1.21-1.22]), and those at high-risk of 90-day mortality (11% of population accounting for 80% of all deaths) had the largest increase (37.0 days per patient year before vs 60.8 days after surgery; RaR, 1.64 [1.63-1.65]). Emergency patients had greater increases in healthcare burden (13.8 days per patient year before vs 24.8 days after surgery; RaR, 1.8 [1.8-1.8]), particularly in high-risk patients (28% of patients accounting for 80% of all deaths by day 90), with 21.6 days per patient year before vs 49.2 days after surgery; RaR, 2.28 [2.26-2.29]. DISCUSSION High-risk patients who survive the immediate perioperative period experience large and persistent increases in healthcare utilisation in the years after surgery. The full implications of this require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Fowler
- William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK; Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | | | - Kambiz Boomla
- Clinical Effectiveness Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - John Prowle
- William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Gottesman D, McIsaac DI. Frailty and emergency surgery: identification and evidence-based care for vulnerable older adults. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1430-1438. [PMID: 36089855 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a multidimensional state related to accumulation of age- and disease-related deficits across multiple domains. Older people represent the fastest growing segment of the peri-operative population, and 25-50% of older surgical patients live with frailty. When frailty is present before surgery, adjusted rates of morbidity and mortality increase at least two-fold; the odds of delirium and loss of independence are increased more than four- and five-fold, respectively. Care of the older person with frailty presenting for emergency surgery requires individualised and evidence-based care given the high-risk and complex nature of their presentations. Before surgery, frailty should be assessed using a multidimensional frailty instrument (most likely the Clinical Frailty Scale), and all members of the peri-operative team should be aware of each patient's frailty status. When frailty is present, pre-operative care should focus on documenting and communicating individualised risk, considering advanced care directives and engaging shared decision-making when feasible. Shared multidisciplinary care should be initiated. Peri-operatively, analgesia that avoids polypharmacy should be provided, along with delirium prevention strategies and consideration of postoperative care in a monitored environment. After the acute surgical episode, transition out of hospital requires that adequate support be in place, along with clear discharge instructions, and review of new and existing prescription medications. Advanced care directives should be reviewed or initiated in case of readmission. Overall, substantial knowledge gaps about the optimal peri-operative care of older people with frailty must be addressed through robust, patient-oriented research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gottesman
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospita, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D I McIsaac
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Surgery in older patients: learning from shared decision-making in intensive care. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129:652-655. [PMID: 36109204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of older patients are having surgical treatments. Similar to older patients admitted to intensive care, they present with additional problems including multimorbidity, frailty, and cognitive impairment. In both intensive care and surgical settings, comprehensive assessment can inform targeted interventions and shared decision-making. We explore the challenges faced by older patients, and by the clinicians treating them.
Collapse
|
96
|
McIsaac DI, Fergusson DA, Khadaroo R, Meliambro A, Muscedere J, Gillis C, Hladkowicz E, Taljaard M. PREPARE trial: a protocol for a multicentre randomised trial of frailty-focused preoperative exercise to decrease postoperative complication rates and disability scores. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064165. [PMID: 35940835 PMCID: PMC9364396 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frailty is a strong predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes. Prehabilitation may improve outcomes after surgery for older people with frailty by addressing physical and physiologic deficits. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy of home-based multimodal prehabilitation in decreasing patient-reported disability and postoperative complications in older people with frailty having major surgery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a multicentre, randomised controlled trial of home-based prehabilitation versus standard care among consenting patients >60 years with frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale>4) having elective inpatient major non-cardiac, non-neurologic or non-orthopaedic surgery. Patients will be partially blinded; clinicians and outcome assessors will be fully blinded. The intervention consists of >3 weeks of prehabilitation (exercise (strength, aerobic and stretching) and nutrition (advice and protein supplementation)). The study has two primary outcomes: in-hospital complications and patient-reported disability 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes include survival, lower limb function, quality of life and resource utilisation. A sample size of 750 participants (375 per arm) provides >90% power to detect a minimally important absolute difference of 8 on the 100-point patient-reported disability scale and a 25% relative risk reduction in complications, using a two-sided alpha value of 0.025 to account for the two primary outcomes. Analyses will follow intention to treat principles for all randomised participants. All participants will be followed to either death or up to 1 year. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been granted by Clinical Trials Ontario (Project ID: 1785) and our ethics review board (Protocol Approval #20190409-01T). Results will be disseminated through presentation at scientific conferences, through peer-reviewed publication, stakeholder organisations and engagement of social and traditional media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04221295.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I McIsaac
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Khadaroo
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Meliambro
- Patient Engagement, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chelsia Gillis
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emily Hladkowicz
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Taljaard
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Togioka BM, Schenning KJ. Optimizing Reversal of Neuromuscular Block in Older Adults: Sugammadex or Neostigmine. Drugs Aging 2022; 39:749-761. [PMID: 35934764 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-022-00969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Residual neuromuscular paralysis, the presence of clinically significant weakness after administration of pharmacologic neuromuscular blockade reversal, is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications and is more common in older patients. In contemporary anesthesia practice, reversal of neuromuscular blockade is accomplished with neostigmine or sugammadex. Neostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, increases the concentration of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, providing competitive antagonism of neuromuscular blocking drug and facilitating muscle contraction. Sugammadex, a modified gamma-cyclodextrin, antagonizes neuromuscular blockade by encapsulating rocuronium and vecuronium in a one-to-one ratio for renal clearance, a pharmacokinetic property that led to the recommendation that sugammadex not be administered to those with end-stage renal disease. While data are limited, reports suggest sugammadex is efficacious and well tolerated in individuals with reduced renal function. Sugammadex provides a more rapid and complete reversal of neuromuscular blockade than neostigmine. There is also accumulating evidence that sugammadex may provide a protective effect against the development of postoperative pulmonary complications, nausea, and vomiting, and that it may have beneficial effects on the rate of bowel and bladder recovery after surgery. Accordingly, sugammadex administration is beneficial for most older patients undergoing surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Togioka
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code: UHN-2, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.
| | - Katie J Schenning
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Evaluation of electronic screening in the preoperative process. J Clin Anesth 2022; 82:110941. [PMID: 35939972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Rising patient numbers, with increasing complexity, challenge the sustainability of the current preoperative process. We evaluated whether an electronic screening application can distinguish patients that need a preoperative consultation from low-risk patients that can be first seen on the day of surgery. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Preoperative clinic of a tertiary academic hospital. PATIENTS 1395 adult patients scheduled for surgery or procedural sedation. INTERVENTIONS We assessed a novel electronic preoperative screening application which consists of a questionnaire with a maximum of 185 questions regarding the patient's medical history and current state of health. The application provides an extensive health report, including an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) classification and a recommendation for either consultation by an anesthesiologist at the preoperative clinic or approval for screening on the day of surgery. MEASUREMENTS The recommendation of the electronic screening system was compared with the regular preoperative assessment using measures of diagnostic accuracy and agreement. Secondary outcomes included ASA-PS classification, patient satisfaction, and the anesthesiologists' opinion on the completeness and quality of the screening report. RESULTS Sensitivity to detect patients who needed additional consultation was 97.5% (95%CI 91.2-99.7) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.08 (95%CI 0.02-0.32). 407 (29.2%) patients were approved for surgery by both electronic screening and anesthesiologist. In 909 (65.2%) cases, the electronic screening system recommended further consultation while the anesthesiologist approved the patient (specificity 30.9% (95%CI 28.4-33.5); poor level of agreement (ĸ = 0.04)). Agreement regarding ASA-PS classification scores was weak (ĸ = 0.48). The majority of patients (78.0%) felt positive about electronic screening replacing the regular preoperative assessment. CONCLUSIONS Electronic screening can reliably identify patients who can have their first contact with an anesthesiologist on the day of surgery, potentially allowing a major proportion of patients to safely bypass the preoperative clinic.
Collapse
|
99
|
Partridge JSL, Moonesinghe SR, Lees N, Dhesi JK. Perioperative care for older people. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6678855. [PMID: 36040439 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of older people are undergoing surgery with benefits including symptom relief and extended longevity. Despite these benefits, older people are more likely than younger patients to experience postoperative complications, which are predominantly medical as opposed to surgical. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and optimisation offers a systematic approach to risk assessment and risk modification in the perioperative period. Clinical evidence shows that Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and optimisation reduces postoperative medical complications and is cost effective in the perioperative setting. These benefits have been observed in patients undergoing elective and emergency surgery. Challenges in the implementation of perioperative Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and optimisation services are acknowledged. These include the necessary involvement of a wide stakeholder group, limited available geriatric medicine workforce and ensuring fidelity to Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment methodology with adaptation to the local context. Addressing these challenges needs a cross-specialty, interdisciplinary approach underpinned by evidence-based medicine and implementation science with upskilling to facilitate innovative use of the extended workforce. Future delivery of quality patient-centred perioperative care requires proactive engagement with national audit, collaborative guidelines and establishment of networks to share best practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith S L Partridge
- Consultant Geriatrician, Perioperative Medicine for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS), Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Honorary Senior Lecturer, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Ramani Moonesinghe
- Professor of Perioperative Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Consultant in Anaesthesia, Department of Critical and Perioperative Care, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Lees
- Consultant General & Colorectal Surgeon, Salford Royal, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Jugdeep K Dhesi
- Consultant Geriatrician, Perioperative Medicine for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS), Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Honorary Professor, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Honorary Associate Professor, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Trends in postoperative opioid prescribing in Ontario between 2013 and 2019: a population-based cohort study. Can J Anaesth 2022; 69:974-985. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-022-02266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|