51
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Xie L, Xu J, Sun X, Li X, Liu K, Liang X, Zhou Z, Zhuang H, Sun K, Wu Y, Gu J, Guo W. Apatinib plus ifosfamide and etoposide for relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma: A retrospective study in two centres. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:552. [PMID: 34093773 PMCID: PMC8170178 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For osteosarcoma that progresses following first-line chemotherapy, prognosis remains poor although anti-angiogenesis tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been verified to prolong progression-free survival. Apatinib has led to positive responses in the treatment of refractory osteosarcoma. However, it demonstrates only short-lived activity, and the disease control rate of musculoskeletal lesions is worse compared with that of pulmonary lesions. This treatment failure has been partly overcome by the addition of ifosfamide and etoposide (IE). The present study retrospectively compared the activity of apatinib + IE in relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma in two sarcoma centres in China. The included patients had received a combination of apatinib 500 mg (orally) daily and the IE regimen (n=33) between June 3 2017 and July 17 2020. The tumour burden was considerable in these patients: 16/33 (48.5%) Patients had lung and musculoskeletal lesions, and 31/33 (93.9%) patients had progressed to two lines of therapies at baseline. With a median follow-up duration of 28.4 [interquartile range (IQR), 16.1-38.3] months, 21/33 (63.6%) patients had objective responses, and the median event-free survival was 11.4 (IQR, 6.7-18.4) months. The median overall survival time was 19.8 (IQR, 13.1-30.6) months. At the last follow-up, 16/33 patients had tumour downstaging, and all lesions had been completely resected. For osteosarcoma with multiple sites of metastasis, apatinib + IE demonstrated clinically meaningful antitumor activity and delayed disease progression in patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma after failure of chemotherapy. This combination with manageable toxicity deserves further investigation in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xie
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Kuisheng Liu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Zuli Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Hongqing Zhuang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Pathology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Endocrinology Department, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jin Gu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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Talbot LJ, Chabot A, Funk A, Nguyen P, Wagner J, Ross A, Tillman H, Davidoff A, Gottschalk S, DeRenzo C. A Novel Orthotopic Implantation Technique for Osteosarcoma Produces Spontaneous Metastases and Illustrates Dose-Dependent Efficacy of B7-H3-CAR T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691741. [PMID: 34211478 PMCID: PMC8239305 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome for metastatic pediatric osteosarcoma (OS) remains poor. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapies, and immunotherapy with CAR T cells has the potential to meet this challenge. However, there is a lack of preclinical models that mimic salient features of human disease including reliable development of metastatic disease post orthotopic OS cell injection. To overcome this roadblock, and also enable real-time imaging of metastatic disease, we took advantage of LM7 OS cells expressing firefly luciferase (LM7.ffLuc). LM7.ffLuc were implanted in a collagen mesh into the tibia of mice, and mice reliably developed orthotopic tumors and lung metastases as judged by bioluminescence imaging and histopathological analysis. Intratibial implantation also enabled surgical removal by lower leg amputation and monitoring for metastases development post-surgery. We then used this model to evaluate the antitumor activity of CAR T cells targeting B7-H3, an antigen that is expressed in a broad range of solid tumors including OS. B7-H3-CAR T cells had potent antitumor activity in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited the development of pulmonary metastases resulting in a significant survival advantage. In contrast T cells expressing an inactive B7-H3-CAR had no antitumor activity. Using unmodified LM7 cells also enabled us to demonstrate that B7-H3-CAR T cells traffic to orthotopic tumor sites. Hence, we have developed an orthotopic, spontaneously metastasizing OS model. This model may improve our ability not only to predict the safety and efficacy of current and next generation CAR T cell therapies but also other treatment modalities for metastatic OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Jones Talbot
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ashley Chabot
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amy Funk
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Aaron Ross
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences School of Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Andrew Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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53
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Menéndez ST, Gallego B, Murillo D, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez R. Cancer Stem Cells as a Source of Drug Resistance in Bone Sarcomas. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122621. [PMID: 34198693 PMCID: PMC8232081 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are commonly characterized by a high degree of intra-tumor heterogeneity, which in part is due to the presence of subpopulations of tumor cells presenting stem cell properties. Similar to normal stem cells, these cancer stem cells (CSCs) display a drug resistant phenotype and therefore are responsible for relapses and tumor dissemination. Drug resistance in bone sarcomas could be enhanced/modulated during tumor evolution though the acquisition of (epi)-genetic alterations and the adaptation to changing microenvironments, including drug treatments. Here we summarize findings supporting the involvement of pro-stemness signaling in the development of drug resistance in bone sarcomas. This include the activation of well-known pro-stemness pathways (Wnt/β-Cat, NOTCH or JAT/STAT pathways), changes in the metabolic and autophagic activities, the alteration of epigenetic pathways, the upregulation of specific non-coding RNAs and the crosstalk with different microenvironmental factors. This altered signaling is expected to be translated to the clinic in the form of biomarkers of response and new therapies able to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía T. Menéndez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Borja Gallego
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Dzohara Murillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aida Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - René Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
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Drug Resistance in Osteosarcoma: Emerging Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets and Treatment Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122878. [PMID: 34207685 PMCID: PMC8228414 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the adoption of aggressive, multimodal treatment schedules, the cure rate of high-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS) has not significantly improved in the last 30 years. The most relevant problem preventing improvement in HGOS prognosis is drug resistance. Therefore, validated novel biomarkers that help to identify those patients who could benefit from innovative treatment options and the development of drugs enabling personalized therapeutic protocols are necessary. The aim of this review was to give an overview on the most relevant emerging drug resistance-related biomarkers, therapeutic targets and new agents or novel candidate treatment strategies, which have been highlighted and suggested for HGOS to improve the success rate of clinical trials. Abstract High-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS), the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a cure rate of approximately 40–50% in unselected patient populations. The major clinical problems opposing the cure of HGOS are the presence of inherent or acquired drug resistance and the development of metastasis. Since the drugs used in first-line chemotherapy protocols for HGOS and clinical outcome have not significantly evolved in the past three decades, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic biomarkers and targeted treatment strategies, which may increase the currently available spectrum of cure modalities. Unresponsive or chemoresistant (refractory) HGOS patients usually encounter a dismal prognosis, mostly because therapeutic options and drugs effective for rescue treatments are scarce. Tailored treatments for different subgroups of HGOS patients stratified according to drug resistance-related biomarkers thus appear as an option that may improve this situation. This review explores drug resistance-related biomarkers, therapeutic targets and new candidate treatment strategies, which have emerged in HGOS. In addition to consolidated biomarkers, specific attention has been paid to the role of non-coding RNAs, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, and cancer stem cells as contributors to drug resistance in HGOS, in order to highlight new candidate markers and therapeutic targets. The possible use of new non-conventional drugs to overcome the main mechanisms of drug resistance in HGOS are finally discussed.
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55
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Quamine AE, Olsen MR, Cho MM, Capitini CM. Approaches to Enhance Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2796. [PMID: 34199783 PMCID: PMC8200074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic pediatric solid tumors remain a significant challenge, particularly in relapsed and refractory settings. Standard treatment has included surgical resection, radiation, chemotherapy, and, in the case of neuroblastoma, immunotherapy. Despite such intensive therapy, cancer recurrence is common, and most tumors become refractory to prior therapy, leaving patients with few conventional treatment options. Natural killer (NK) cells are non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted lymphocytes that boast several complex killing mechanisms but at an added advantage of not causing graft-versus-host disease, making use of allogeneic NK cells a potential therapeutic option. On top of their killing capacity, NK cells also produce several cytokines and growth factors that act as key regulators of the adaptive immune system, positioning themselves as ideal effector cells for stimulating heavily pretreated immune systems. Despite this promise, clinical efficacy of adoptive NK cell therapy to date has been inconsistent, prompting a detailed understanding of the biological pathways within NK cells that can be leveraged to develop "next generation" NK cell therapies. Here, we review advances in current approaches to optimizing the NK cell antitumor response including combination with other immunotherapies, cytokines, checkpoint inhibition, and engineering NK cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for the treatment of pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha E. Quamine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.E.Q.); (M.R.O.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Mallery R. Olsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.E.Q.); (M.R.O.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Monica M. Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.E.Q.); (M.R.O.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Christian M. Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.E.Q.); (M.R.O.); (M.M.C.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Li LQ, Zhang LH, Yuan YB, Lu XC, Zhang Y, Liu YK, Wen J, Khader MA, Liu T, Li JZ, Zhang Y. Signature based on metabolic-related gene pairs can predict overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4493-4509. [PMID: 34047495 PMCID: PMC8267140 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a tumour of malignant origin in children and adolescents. Recent progression indicates that it is necessary to develop new therapies to improve the patient's prognosis rather than strengthen anti-tumour chemotherapy. Researchers recently realised that cancer is a kind of disease with a metabolic disorder, and metabolic reprogramming is becoming a new cancer hallmark. Hence, our study's primary purpose is to explore the value of genes related to osteosarcoma metabolism. METHODS From public databases, three osteosarcoma datasets with adequate clinical information were obtained. Besides, the IMvigor dataset through the 'IMvigor' package as a supplement was downloaded, the metabolic-related genes were identified, and these genes were used to construct the metabolic-related gene pairs (MRGP). Based on the prognosis-related MRGP, two molecular subtypes were identified. There are significant differences in the metabolic characteristics between the two molecular subtypes. Subsequently, the MRGP signature is constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method. Finally, use SubMap analysis to evaluate the response of patients in the MRPG signature group to immunotherapy. RESULTS The MRGP signature can reliably predict overall survival in patients with osteosarcoma. The MRGP signature is also associated with osteosarcoma patients' metastatic status and can be used for subsequent risk classification of metastatic patients. The immunotherapy is more likely to benefit the patients in the MRGP low-risk group. CONCLUSION Metabolic-related gene pairs signature can assess the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Qing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Liang-Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yao-Bo Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xin-Chang Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yong-Kui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Manhas Abdul Khader
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Gushi County People's Hospital, Xinyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jia-Zhen Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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Wnt/ß-catenin-mediated p53 suppression is indispensable for osteogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:521. [PMID: 34021120 PMCID: PMC8139956 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and molecular machineries regulating their fate and differentiation are far from defined owing to their complexity. Osteoblasts and adipocytes are descended from common MPCs. Their fates are collectively determined by an orchestra of pathways in response to physiological and external cues. The canonical Wnt pathway signals MPCs to commit to osteogenic differentiation at the expense of adipogenic fate. In contrast to ß-catenin, p53’s anti-osteogenic function is much less understood. Both activities are thought to be achieved through targeting Runx2 and/or Osterix (Osx, Sp7) transcription. Precisely, how Osx activity is dictated by ß-catenin or p53 is not clarified and represents a knowledge gap that, until now, has largely been taken for granted. Using conditional lineage-tracing mice, we demonstrated that chondrocytes gave rise to a sizable fraction of MPCs, which served as progenitors of chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts (Chon-ob). Wnt/ß-catenin activity was only required at the stage of chondrocyte-derived mesenchymal progenitor (C-MPC) to Chon-ob differentiation. ß-catenin– C-MPCs lost osteogenic ability and favored adipogenesis. Mechanistically, we discovered that p53 activity was elevated in ß-catenin– MPCs including ß-catenin– C-MPCs and deleting p53 from the ß-catenin– MPCs fully restored osteogenesis. While high levels of p53 were present in the nuclei of ß-catenin– MPCs, Osx was confined to the cytoplasm, implying a mechanism that did not involve direct p53-Osx interaction. Furthermore, we found that p53’s anti-osteogenic activity was dependent on its DNA-binding ability. Our findings identify chondrocytes as an additional source for MPCs and indicate that Wnt/ß-catenin discretely regulates chondrocyte to C-MPC and the subsequent C-MPC to osteoblast developments. Most of all we unveil a previously unrecognized functional link between ß-catenin and p53, placing p53’s negative role in the context of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling-induced MPC osteogenic differentiation.
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Chen Y, Tang G, Qian H, Chen J, Cheng B, Zhou C, Shen Y. LncRNA LOC100129620 promotes osteosarcoma progression through regulating CDK6 expression, tumor angiogenesis, and macrophage polarization. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14258-14276. [PMID: 34015762 PMCID: PMC8202873 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor with high mortality in children and adolescents. The mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis is currently unclear. Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in tumor metastasis. We used bioinformatics to analyze the differences in gene expression between osteosarcoma in situ and osteosarcoma lung metastases. CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of lncRNA LOC100129620 on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. The effect of LOC100129620 on the invasion of osteosarcoma cells was assessed by Transwell assay. The regulatory effect of LOC100129620 on miR-335-3p was examined using RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter gene assays. The effect of LOC100129620 on the polarization of macrophages was detected by quantitative real-time fluorescent PCR. The results show that LOC100129620 can promote the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells. LOC100129620 can promote the proliferation of osteosarcoma in vivo. LOC100129620 can bind to miR-335-3p and regulate its function. MiR-335-3p mediates the regulatory effects of LOC100129620 on CDK6. LOC100129620 promotes the formation of blood vessels and the polarization of macrophages. The LOC100129620/miR-335-3p/CDK6 signaling pathway promotes the metastasis of osteosarcoma by regulating the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, angiogenesis, and macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Orthopedic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Hongbin Qian
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Bing Cheng
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- Orthopedic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Andrade RC, Boroni M, Amazonas MK, Vargas FR. New drug candidates for osteosarcoma: Drug repurposing based on gene expression signature. Comput Biol Med 2021; 134:104470. [PMID: 34004576 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone malignancy and the third most common cancer in adolescence. Since the late 1970s, OS therapy and prognosis had only modest improvements, making it appealing to explore new tools that could help ameliorate the treatment. We present a meta-analysis of the gene expression signature of primary OS, and propose small molecules that could reverse this signature. The meta-analysis was performed using GEO microarray series. We first compared gene expression from eleven primary OS against osteoblasts to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We later filtered those DEGs by verifying which ones had a concordant direction of differential expression in a validation group of 82 OS samples versus 30 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) samples. A final gene expression signature of 266 genes (98 up and 168 down regulated) was obtained. The L1000CDS2 engine was used for drug repurposing. The top molecules predicted to reverse the signature were afatinib (PubChem CID 10184653), BRD-K95196255 (PubChem CID 3242434), DG-041 (PubChem CID 11296282) and CA-074 Me (PubChem CID 23760717). Afatinib (Gilotrif™) is currently used for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations, and in vitro evidence shows antineoplastic potential in OS cells. The other three molecules have reports of antineoplastic effects, but are not currently FDA-approved. Further studies are necessary to establish the potential of these drugs in OS treatment. We believe our results can be an important contribution for the investigation of new therapeutic genetic targets and for selecting new drugs to be tested for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Coelho Andrade
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Regla Vargas
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Increased EHHADH Expression Predicting Poor Survival of Osteosarcoma by Integrating Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis and Experimental Validation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9917060. [PMID: 33997049 PMCID: PMC8112926 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9917060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (EHHADH), a member of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, were previously demonstrated to be involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types. This study is aimed at determining of the diagnostic and prognostic value of EHHADH in osteosarcoma (OS). The overexpression of EHHADH was found both in OS and also other sarcoma types, and according to the retrospective cohort study, the EHHADH level was related to the overall survival and disease-free survival of the OS patients. Furthermore, knockdown of EHHADH under the influence of EHHADH small interfering RNA significantly suppressed the proliferation ability of the tumor cells. Moreover, EHHADH overexpressed was found in human OS tissues. In summary, the progression of OS could be enhanced by EHHADH, which may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for OS patients.
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Zoledronic Acid Enhanced the Antitumor Effect of Cisplatin on Orthotopic Osteosarcoma by ROS-PI3K/AKT Signaling and Attenuated Osteolysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6661534. [PMID: 33859780 PMCID: PMC8026287 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6661534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts can interact with osteosarcoma to promote the growth of osteosarcoma. Cisplatin is common in adjuvant chemotherapy of osteosarcoma. However, due to chemoresistance, the efficacy is profoundly limited. Previous studies have found that zoledronic acid (ZA) has osteoclast activation inhibition and antitumor effect. However, the combined effect of ZA and cisplatin on osteosarcoma remains unclear. In vitro, the effects of ZA and cisplatin alone or in combination on 143B cell activity, proliferation, apoptosis, and ROS-PI3K/AKT signaling were detected. At the same time, the effect of ZA and cisplatin on osteoclast formation, survival, and activity was detected by TRAP staining and bone plate absorption test. These were further verified in mice. The results showed that in vitro, compared with the single treatment and control, the combination of ZA and cisplatin could significantly inhibit the activity and proliferation of 143B cells and induced their apoptosis and further promoted the generation of ROS and inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. ROS scavenger and the agonist of the PI3K/AKT pathway could reverse these results. In addition, cisplatin in synergy with ZA could significantly inhibit osteoclast formation and survival to reduce bone plate absorption. In vivo, compared with the single group, the tumor volume and cell proliferation were significantly reduced, apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells increased, and TRAP+ osteoclasts and osteolysis destruction decreased in the combined group. In conclusion, ZA enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin on osteosarcoma by ROS-PI3K/AKT signaling, reducing the chemoresistance and osteoclast activation to enhance chemotherapy and inhibit osteolysis. And this present study raised the possibility that combining ZA and cisplatin may represent a novel strategy against osteosarcoma.
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Roessner A, Lohmann C, Jechorek D. Translational cell biology of highly malignant osteosarcoma. Pathol Int 2021; 71:291-303. [PMID: 33631032 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly malignant osteosarcoma (HMO) is the most frequent malignant bone tumor preferentially occurring in adolescents and children with a second more flat peak in patients over the age of 60. The younger patients benefit from combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 65-70% 5-year survival rate. In patients with metastatic HMO the 5-year survival rate is consistently poor with approximately 30%. In the last several years strategies for target therapies have been developed by using next generation sequencing (NGS) for defining targetable molecular factors. However, it has so far been challenging to establish an effective target therapy for so-called 'orphan tumors' without recognizable driver mutations, including HMO. The molecular genetic studies using NGS have shown that HMOs are genomically unstable tumors with highly complex chaotic karyotypes. Before the background of this genetic complexity more investigations should be performed in the future for defining targetable biological factors. As the prognosis could not be improved for 40 years one may expect improvements for patients only by gaining a deeper understanding of the cell and molecular biology of HMO. The cell of origin of HMO is being clarified now. The majority of studies indicate that an osteoblastic progenitor cell is probably the cell of origin of HMO and not an undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cell. This means that the established histopathological definition of HMO through verification of osteoid production by the osteoblastic cells is well justified and will probably be the cornerstone for a precise differential diagnosis of HMO also in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Roessner
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lohmann
- Department of Orthopedics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doerthe Jechorek
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Barani M, Mukhtar M, Rahdar A, Sargazi S, Pandey S, Kang M. Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Diagnosis and Treatments of Human Osteosarcoma. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:55. [PMID: 33672770 PMCID: PMC7924594 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a type of bone cancer that begins in the cells that form bones.OSA is a rare mesenchymal bone neoplasm derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Genome disorganization, chromosomal modifications, deregulation of tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair defects are the factors most responsible for OSA development. Despite significant advances in the diagnosing and treatment of OSA, patients' overall survival has not improved within the last twenty years. Lately, advances in modern nanotechnology have spurred development in OSA management and offered several advantages to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapies. This technology has allowed the practical design of nanoscale devices combined with numerous functional molecules, including tumor-specific ligands, antibodies, anti-cancer drugs, and imaging probes. Thanks to their small sizes, desirable drug encapsulation efficiency, and good bioavailability, functionalized nanomaterials have found wide-spread applications for combating OSA progression. This review invokes the possible utility of engineered nanomaterials in OSA diagnosis and treatment, motivating the researchers to seek new strategies for tackling the challenges associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran;
| | - Mahwash Mukhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecule Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran;
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Particulate Matter Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), 187-12, Geumho-ro, Gwangyang-si 57801, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Misook Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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64
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Tirtei E, Campello A, Asaftei SD, Mareschi K, Cereda M, Fagioli F. Precision Medicine in Osteosarcoma: MATCH Trial and Beyond. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020281. [PMID: 33572496 PMCID: PMC7911557 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare bone malignant tumour with a poor prognosis in the case of recurrence. So far, there is no agreement on the best systemic therapy for relapsed OS. The availability of next generation sequencing techniques has recently revolutionized clinical research. The sequencing of the tumour and its matched normal counterpart has the potential to reveal a wide landscape of genetic alterations with significant implications for clinical practice. The knowledge that the genomic profile of a patient’s tumour can be precisely mapped and matched to a targeted therapy in real time has improved the development of precision medicine trials (PMTs). PMTs aiming at determining the effectiveness of targeted therapies could be advantageous for patients with a tumour refractory to standard therapies. Development of PMTs for relapsed OS is largely encouraging and is in its initial phase. Assessing OS features, such as its rarity, its age distribution, the technical issues related to the bone tissue origin, and its complex genomic landscape, represents a real challenge for PMTs development. In this light, a multidisciplinary approach is required to fully exploit the potential of precision medicine for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tirtei
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.A.); (K.M.); (F.F.)
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Campello
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.A.); (K.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Sebastian D. Asaftei
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.A.); (K.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Katia Mareschi
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.A.); (K.M.); (F.F.)
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, IIGM—Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov.le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy;
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO—IRCCS, Str. Prov.le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.A.); (K.M.); (F.F.)
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Evenhuis RE, Acem I, Rueten-Budde AJ, Karis DSA, Fiocco M, Dorleijn DMJ, Speetjens FM, Anninga J, Gelderblom H, van de Sande MAJ. Survival Analysis of 3 Different Age Groups and Prognostic Factors among 402 Patients with Skeletal High-Grade Osteosarcoma. Real World Data from a Single Tertiary Sarcoma Center. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:486. [PMID: 33513855 PMCID: PMC7865349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a known prognostic factor for many sarcoma subtypes, however in the literature there are limited data on the different risk profiles of different age groups for osteosarcoma survival. This study aims to provide an overview of survival in patients with high-grade osteosarcoma in different age groups and prognostic variables for survival and local control among the entire cohort. In this single center retrospective cohort study, 402 patients with skeletal high-grade osteosarcoma were diagnosed and treated with curative intent between 1978 and 2017 at the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC). Prognostic factors for survival were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model. In this study poor overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were associated with increasing age. Age groups, tumor size, poor histopathological response, distant metastasis (DM) at presentation and local recurrence (LR) were important independent prognostic factors influencing OS and EFS. Differences in outcome among different age groups can be partially explained by patient and treatment characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Evenhuis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (I.A.); (D.S.A.K.); (D.M.J.D.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
| | - Ibtissam Acem
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (I.A.); (D.S.A.K.); (D.M.J.D.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja J. Rueten-Budde
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Section Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Mathematical Institute Leiden University, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.J.R.-B.); (M.F.)
| | - Diederik S. A. Karis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (I.A.); (D.S.A.K.); (D.M.J.D.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
| | - Marta Fiocco
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Section Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Mathematical Institute Leiden University, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.J.R.-B.); (M.F.)
| | - Desiree M. J. Dorleijn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (I.A.); (D.S.A.K.); (D.M.J.D.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
| | - Frank M. Speetjens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (F.M.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Jakob Anninga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3720AC Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (F.M.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Michiel A. J. van de Sande
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (I.A.); (D.S.A.K.); (D.M.J.D.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3720AC Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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Smrke A, Anderson PM, Gulia A, Gennatas S, Huang PH, Jones RL. Future Directions in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Cells 2021; 10:172. [PMID: 33467756 PMCID: PMC7829872 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone sarcoma and is often diagnosed in the 2nd-3rd decades of life. Response to the aggressive and highly toxic neoadjuvant methotrexate-doxorubicin-cisplatin (MAP) chemotherapy schedule is strongly predictive of outcome. Outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have not significantly changed for over thirty years. There is a need for more effective treatment for patients with high risk features but also reduced treatment-related toxicity for all patients. Predictive biomarkers are needed to help inform clinicians to de-escalate or add therapy, including immune therapies, and to contribute to future clinical trial designs. Here, we review a variety of approaches to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with osteosarcoma with a focus on incorporating toxicity reduction, immune therapy and molecular analysis to provide the most effective and least toxic osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alannah Smrke
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Peter M. Anderson
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic R3 Main Campus, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Ashish Gulia
- Orthopedic Oncology Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, HBNI, Mumbai 400012, India;
| | - Spyridon Gennatas
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Paul H. Huang
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (S.G.)
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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67
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Mason NJ. Comparative Immunology and Immunotherapy of Canine Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:199-221. [PMID: 32767244 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 800 people are diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OSA) per year in the USA. Although 70% of patients with localized OSA are cured with multiagent chemotherapy and surgical resection, the prognosis for patients with metastatic or relapsed disease is guarded. The small number of patients diagnosed annually contributes to an incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis, and challenges in performing appropriately powered clinical trials and detecting correlative biomarkers of response. While mouse models of OSA are becoming increasingly sophisticated, they generally fail to accurately recapitulate tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment (TME), systemic immune dysfunction, and the clinical features of tumor recurrence, metastases, and chemoresistance, which influence outcome. Pet dogs spontaneously develop OSA with an incidence that is 30-50 times higher than humans. Canine OSA parallels the human disease in its clinical presentation, biological behavior, genetic complexity, and therapeutic management. However, despite therapy, most dogs die from metastatic disease within 1 year of diagnosis. Since OSA occurs in immune-competent dogs, immune factors that sculpt tumor immunogenicity and influence responses to immune modulation are in effect. In both species, immune modulation has shown beneficial effects on patient outcome and work is now underway to identify the most effective immunotherapies, combination of immunotherapies, and correlative biomarkers that will further improve clinical response. In this chapter, the immune landscape of canine OSA and the immunotherapeutic strategies used to modulate antitumor immunity in dogs with the disease will be reviewed. From this immunological viewpoint, the value of employing dogs with spontaneous OSA to accelerate and inform the translation of immunotherapies into the human clinic will be underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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68
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Yiqi Z, Ziyun L, Qin F, Xingli W, Liyu Y. Identification of 9-Gene Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Related Signature of Osteosarcoma by Integrating Multi Cohorts. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820980769. [PMID: 33308057 PMCID: PMC7739092 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820980769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma is still poor due to the lack of effective prognostic markers. The EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) serves as a promoter in the progression of osteosarcoma. This study systematically analyzed EMT-related genes to explore new markers for predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma. METHODS RNA-Seq data and clinical information were obtained from the GEO database; GSVA and GSEA analysis were used to enrich pathways related to osteosarcoma progression; LASSO method analysis was used to construct the prognosis risk signature. The "Nomogram" package generated the risk prediction nomogram, and its clinical applicability was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS GSVA and GSEA analysis showed that the EMT signaling pathway was closely related to osteosarcoma progression. A 9-genes signature (LAMA3, LGALS1, SGCG, VEGFA, WNT5A, MATN3, ANPEP, FUCA1, and FLNA) was constructed. The overall survival (OS) of the high-risk scores group was significantly lower than the low-risk scores group. The 9-gene signature demonstrated good predictive accuracy. Cox regression analysis showed that the 9-gene signature provided independent prognostic factors for osteosarcoma patients. In addition, the predictive nomogram model could effectively predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. CONCLUSION This study constructed a 9-gene signature as a new prognostic marker to predict osteosarcoma patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yiqi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Ziyun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xingli
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liyu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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69
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Wen C, Wang H, Wang H, Mo H, Zhong W, Tang J, Lu Y, Zhou W, Tan A, Liu Y, Xie W. A three-gene signature based on tumour microenvironment predicts overall survival of osteosarcoma in adolescents and young adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:619-645. [PMID: 33281116 PMCID: PMC7835013 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidences shows that immune and stroma related genes in the tumour microenvironment (TME) play a key regulator in the prognosis of Osteosarcomas (OSs). The purpose of this study was to develop a TME-related risk model for assessing the prognosis of OSs. 82 OSs cases aged ≤25 years from TARGET were divided into two groups according to the immune/stromal scores that were analyzed by the Estimate algorithm. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were analyzed and 122 DEGs were revealed. Finally, three genes (COCH, MYOM2 and PDE1B) with the minimum AIC value were derived from 122 DEGs by multivariate cox analysis. The three-gene risk model (3-GRM) could distinguish patients with high risk from the training (TARGET) and validation (GSE21257) cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram model included 3-GRM score and clinical features were developed, with the AUC values in predicting 1, 3 and 5-year survival were 0.971, 0.853 and 0.818, respectively. In addition, in the high 3-GRM score group, the enrichment degrees of infiltrating immune cells were significantly lower and immune-related pathways were markedly suppressed. In summary, this model may be used as a marker to predict survival for OSs patients in adolescent and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkai Wen
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hongxue Wang
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hao Mo
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Wuning Zhong
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yongkui Lu
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Wenxian Zhou
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Aihua Tan
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Weimin Xie
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Abstract
Comparative oncology clinical trials play an important and growing role in cancer research and drug development efforts. These trials, typically conducted in companion (pet) dogs, allow assessment of novel anticancer agents and combination therapies in a veterinary clinical setting that supports serial biologic sample collections and exploration of dose, schedule and corresponding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Further, an intact immune system and natural co-evolution of tumour and microenvironment support exploration of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Substantial improvements in our collective understanding of the molecular landscape of canine cancers have occurred in the past 10 years, facilitating translational research and supporting the inclusion of comparative studies in drug development. The value of the approach is demonstrated in various clinical trial settings, including single-agent or combination response rates, inhibition of metastatic progression and randomized comparison of multiple agents in a head-to-head fashion. Such comparative oncology studies have been purposefully included in the developmental plan for several US FDA-approved and up-and-coming anticancer drugs. Challenges for this field include keeping pace with technology and data dissemination/harmonization, improving annotation of the canine genome and immune system, and generation of canine-specific validated reagents to support integration of correlative biology within clinical trial efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christina N Mazcko
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Gaspar N, Marques da Costa ME, Fromigue O, Droit R, Berlanga P, Marchais A. Recent advances in understanding osteosarcoma and emerging therapies. Fac Rev 2020; 9:18. [PMID: 33659950 PMCID: PMC7886057 DOI: 10.12703/r/9-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in adolescents and young adults, but it is a rare cancer with no improvement in patient survival in the last four decades. The main problem of this bone tumor is its evolution toward lung metastatic disease, despite the current treatment strategy (chemotherapy and surgery). To further improve survival, there is a strong need for new therapies that control osteosarcoma cells with metastatic potential and their favoring tumor microenvironment (ME) from the diagnosis. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of those tumor cell genomic/epigenetic and biology, the diversity of tumor ME where it develops, the sparsity of appropriate preclinical models, and the heterogeneity of therapeutic trials have rendered the task difficult. No tumor- or ME-targeted drugs are routinely available in front-line treatment. This article presents up-to-date information from preclinical and clinical studies that were recently published or presented in recent meetings which we hope might help change the osteosarcoma treatment landscape and patient survival in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gaspar
- Department of Oncology for Child and adolescent, Gustave Roussy cancer campus. France
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy, France
| | | | | | - Robin Droit
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy, France
| | - Pablo Berlanga
- Department of Oncology for Child and adolescent, Gustave Roussy cancer campus. France
| | - Antonin Marchais
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy, France
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Grünewald TGP, Alonso M, Avnet S, Banito A, Burdach S, Cidre‐Aranaz F, Di Pompo G, Distel M, Dorado‐Garcia H, Garcia‐Castro J, González‐González L, Grigoriadis AE, Kasan M, Koelsche C, Krumbholz M, Lecanda F, Lemma S, Longo DL, Madrigal‐Esquivel C, Morales‐Molina Á, Musa J, Ohmura S, Ory B, Pereira‐Silva M, Perut F, Rodriguez R, Seeling C, Al Shaaili N, Shaabani S, Shiavone K, Sinha S, Tomazou EM, Trautmann M, Vela M, Versleijen‐Jonkers YMH, Visgauss J, Zalacain M, Schober SJ, Lissat A, English WR, Baldini N, Heymann D. Sarcoma treatment in the era of molecular medicine. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11131. [PMID: 33047515 PMCID: PMC7645378 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogeneous and clinically challenging soft tissue and bone cancers. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, sarcomas represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. More than 100 histological subtypes have been characterized to date, and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. Owing to their mostly aggressive biological behavior, relative rarity, and occurrence at virtually every anatomical site, many sarcoma subtypes are in particular difficult-to-treat categories. Current multimodal treatment concepts combine surgery, polychemotherapy (with/without local hyperthermia), irradiation, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapeutics. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the molecular biology of sarcomas and their effects on clinical oncology; it is meant for a broad readership ranging from novices to experts in the field of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas GP Grünewald
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marta Alonso
- Program in Solid Tumors and BiomarkersFoundation for the Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra PamplonaPamplonaSpain
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Ana Banito
- Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Research GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florencia Cidre‐Aranaz
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Merve Kasan
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Fernando Lecanda
- Division of OncologyAdhesion and Metastasis LaboratoryCenter for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Dario L Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | | | | | - Julian Musa
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Miguel Pereira‐Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Francesca Perut
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | | | - Nada Al Shaaili
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug DesignUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kristina Shiavone
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Snehadri Sinha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational PathologyGerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyMünster University HospitalMünsterGermany
| | - Maria Vela
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Marta Zalacain
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Andrej Lissat
- University Children′s Hospital Zurich – Eleonoren FoundationKanton ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - William R English
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Université de NantesInstitut de Cancérologie de l'OuestTumor Heterogeneity and Precision MedicineSaint‐HerblainFrance
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73
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Lazow MA, Johnson SL, Johnson ND, Breneman JC, Dexheimer PJ, Szabo S, Pressey JG. Genome-Driven Therapy for Chemotherapy-Resistant Metastatic CDK6-Amplified Osteosarcoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:498-504. [PMID: 35050742 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margot A Lazow
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sheryl L Johnson
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Neil D Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - John C Breneman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Phillip J Dexheimer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sara Szabo
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Joseph G Pressey
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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74
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VanCleave A, Palmer M, Fang F, Torres H, Rodezno T, Li Q, Fuglsby K, Evans C, Afeworki Y, Ross A, Rao P, Leiferman P, Zheng S, Houghton P, Tao J. Development and characterization of the novel human osteosarcoma cell line COS-33 with sustained activation of the mTOR pathway. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2597-2610. [PMID: 32676162 PMCID: PMC7343631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes have not improved for metastatic osteosarcoma for several decades. In part, this failure to develop better therapies stems from a lack of understanding of osteosarcoma biology, given the rarity of the disease and the high genetic heterogeneity at the time of diagnosis. We report here the successful establishment of a new human osteosarcoma cell line, COS-33, from a patient-derived xenograft and demonstrate retention of the biological features of the original tumor. We found high mTOR signaling activity in the cultured cells, which were sensitive to a small molecule inhibitor, rapamycin, a suppressor of the mTOR pathway. Suppressed mTOR signaling after treatment with rapamycin was confirmed by decreased phosphorylation of the S6 ribosomal protein. Increasing concentrations of rapamycin progressively inhibited cell proliferation in vitro. We observed significant inhibitory effects of the drug on cell migration, invasion, and colony formation in the cultured cells. Furthermore, we found that only a strong osteogenic inducer, bone morphogenetic protein-2, promoted the cells to differentiate into mature mineralizing osteoblasts, indicating that the COS-33 cell line may have impaired osteoblast differentiation. Grafted COS-33 cells exhibited features typical of osteosarcoma, such as production of osteoid and tumorigenicity in vivo. In addition, we revealed that the COS-33 cell line retained a complex karyotype, a homozygous deletion of the TP53 gene, and typical histological features from its original tumor. Our novel cellular model may provide a valuable platform for studying the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma as well as for testing novel drugs for future genome-informed targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley VanCleave
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Mykayla Palmer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,SPUR Scholar Program, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Haydee Torres
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Tania Rodezno
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Qilin Li
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kirby Fuglsby
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Claire Evans
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Yohannes Afeworki
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Alan Ross
- Sanford Medical Genetics Laboratory of Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Pulivarthi Rao
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Leiferman
- EGL Genetics Laboratory, Tucker, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jianning Tao
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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75
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McGuire JJ, Nerlakanti N, Lo CH, Tauro M, Utset-Ward TJ, Reed DR, Lynch CC. Histone deacetylase inhibition prevents the growth of primary and metastatic osteosarcoma. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2811-2823. [PMID: 32599665 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overall survival rates for patients with advanced osteosarcoma have remained static for over three decades. An in vitro analysis of osteosarcoma cell lines for sensitivity to an array of approved cancer therapies revealed that panobinostat, a broad spectrum histone deacetalyase (HDAC) inhibitor, is highly effective at triggering osteosarcoma cell death. Using in vivo models of orthotopic and metastatic osteosarcoma, here we report that panobinostat impairs the growth of primary osteosarcoma in bone and spontaneous metastasis to the lung, the most common site of metastasis for this disease. Further, pretreatment of mice with panobinostat prior to tail vein inoculation of osteosarcoma prevents the seeding and growth of lung metastases. Additionally, panobinostat impaired the growth of established lung metastases and improved overall survival, and these effects were also manifest in the lung metastatic SAOS2-LM7 model. Mechanistically, the efficacy of panobinostat was linked to high expression of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in osteosarcoma, and silencing of HDAC1 and 2 greatly reduced osteosarcoma growth in vitro. In accordance with these findings, treatment with the HDAC1/2 selective inhibitor romidepsin compromised the growth of osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of patient-derived xenograft osteosarcoma cell lines further demonstrated the sensitivity of the disease to panobinostat or romidepsin. Collectively, these studies provide rationale for clinical trials in osteosarcoma patients using the approved therapies panobinostat or romidepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J McGuire
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Niveditha Nerlakanti
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chen Hao Lo
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Marilena Tauro
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas J Utset-Ward
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Damon R Reed
- Sarcoma Department & Department of Interdisciplinary Cancer Management (DICaM), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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76
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Zhang Q, Zhao GS, Cao Y, Tang XF, Tan QL, Lin L, Guo QN. Increased DEF6 expression is correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis in human osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1629-1640. [PMID: 32724404 PMCID: PMC7377196 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of high mortality in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of metastatic disease are yet to be determined. Differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog (DEF6) has been demonstrated to be correlated with the metastatic behavior of several cancers, such as breast, ovarian and colorectal cancers. However, the role of DEF6 in OS remains unknown. Accordingly, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between DEF6 expression and the malignant behavior of OS. The results revealed that high levels of DEF6 in OS tissues were associated with advanced clinical stage and metastases. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry results predicted a poor prognosis in 58 human OS specimens. Additionally, DEF6 expression was reported to be upregulated in human OS cell lines compared with a normal osteoblast cell line. small interfering RNA transfection, cell proliferation and colony formation assays, wound healing assays and Transwell assays were performed. DEF6 was not identified to be a major driver of OS cell proliferation, but it significantly contributed to metastatic potential in vitro. In addition, bioinformatics, western blotting and immunohistochemistry results indicated that MMP9 expression was positively correlated with DEF6 expression in human OS. To summarize, the results revealed that increased levels of DEF6 were associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in human OS and that DEF6 expression is positively correlated with MMP9 expression. The results indicated that DEF6 may serve as a potential antimetastatic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Ya Cao
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Lin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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77
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Su Z, Yang B, Zeng Z, Zhu S, Wang C, Lei S, Jiang Y, Lin L. Metastasis-associated gene MAPK15 promotes the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells via the c-Jun/MMPs pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:99-112. [PMID: 32565938 PMCID: PMC7285714 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common and destructive primary bone malignancy to affect children and adolescents. Metastases remain the primary cause of death in patients with OS. In the present study, weight gene co-expressed network analysis (WGCNA) and differentially-expressed gene analysis were used to identify key genes associated with the metastasis of OS. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining were then used to detect the expression levels of these key genes in OS tissues, and to determine the hub genes of interest. Wound-healing and transwell assays, in addition to a lung metastasis model, were used to detect the effects of the hub genes on OS cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Using WGCNA and differential expression analysis, deleted in lung and esophageal cancer protein 1 (DLEC1), Forkhead box J1 (FOXJ1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 15 (MAPK15) were predicted to be key metastasis-associated genes, and highly expressed in metastatic OS tissues; among them, the protein and mRNA expression levels of MAPK15 were most significantly increased in our OS tissues from patients who exhibited metastases at diagnosis, and thus MAPK15 was determined to be a metastasis-associated hub gene to further study. Furthermore, inhibiting MAPK15 expression significantly decreased OS cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo, as well as suppressing c-Jun/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-associated pathways. Overexpression of MAPK15 activated the c-Jun/MMPs pathway and promoted OS cell metastasis, while inhibition of c-Jun blocked this effect. Taken together, MAPK15 was indicated to be an OS metastasis-associated gene, and was confirmed to promote the migration and invasion of OS cells via the c-Jun/MMP pathway. MAPK15 may therefore be an effective target for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Su
- Department of Joint Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Bingsheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Rehabilitation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Shan Lei
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, P.R. China
| | - Yongfa Jiang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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78
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[Osteoid-forming bone tumors : Morphology and current translational cell biology]. DER PATHOLOGE 2020; 41:123-133. [PMID: 32078700 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are the most important benign osteoid-forming tumors. They grow slowly and are well differentiated. Histologically, the tumor cells show no atypia and no increased mitoses. In typical cases, they can be clearly diagnosed. However, the rare cases on the dividing line between osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma are extremely problematic. In these cases, molecular genetic investigations should contribute to finding the correct diagnosis in the future.Juvenile highly malignant osteosarcoma is the most important malignant osteoid-forming tumor. About 40 years ago, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was introduced for the mostly young patients. This therapy highly significantly improved prognosis. However, a plateau phase was quickly reached and the last several decades have seen no further progress in conventional therapeutic approaches. There is no doubt that further progress can only be achieved on the basis of new molecular genetic and cell biological findings. The target-therapeutic strategies derived from these findings will be discussed in this review.The rare parosteal osteosarcoma and the even rarer periosteal osteosarcoma are mostly not highly malignant tumors that are located on the surface of bone. The parosteal osteosarcoma is usually G1 and the periosteal osteosarcoma G2. Occasionally, the differential diagnosis between a parosteal osteosarcoma and a fibrous dysplasia is difficult. In such rare cases, the detection of GNAS mutations in fibrous dysplasia can prove useful. In contrast to chondromas and chondrosarcomas, periosteal osteosarcomas do not contain IDH1 and IDH2 mutations.
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Tirtei E, Cereda M, De Luna E, Quarello P, Asaftei SD, Fagioli F. Omic approaches to pediatric bone sarcomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28072. [PMID: 31736201 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, next-generation sequencing technologies have improved our ability to assess biological aspects, at genomic and transcriptomic levels, on a large scale- and have been increasingly used for the management of adult cancers. However, their efficacy and feasibility within pediatrics is still under investigation. "Omic" approaches represent an opportunity to understand the oncogenic mechanisms driving the onset and progression of bone sarcoma and improve the clinical management of young patients with bone sarcomas. This review focuses on the current genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of managing pediatric patients, affected by Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tirtei
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO, IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Elvira De Luna
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Quarello
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sebastian Dorin Asaftei
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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80
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An incidental finding of osteosarcoma. JAAPA 2020; 33:46-48. [PMID: 31990835 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000651760.22729.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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81
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Osteosarcoma: 2019 Update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:141-155. [PMID: 32767239 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary conclusions of our 2014 contribution to this series were as follows: Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) likely contribute to aggressive phenotypes in osteosarcoma and, therefore, inhibition of multiple RTKs is likely necessary for successful clinical outcomes. Inhibition of multiple RTKs may also be useful to overcome resistance to inhibitors of individual RTKs as well as resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Different combinations of RTKs are likely important in individual patients. AXL, EPHB2, FGFR2, IGF1R, and RET were identified as promising therapeutic targets by our in vitro phosphoproteomic/siRNA screen of 42 RTKs in the highly metastatic LM7 and 143B human osteosarcoma cell lines. This chapter is intended to provide an update on these topics as well as the large number of osteosarcoma clinical studies of inhibitors of multiple tyrosine kinases (multi-TKIs) that were recently published.
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82
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Relapsed Osteosarcoma Trial Concepts to Match the Complexity of the Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1257:85-94. [PMID: 32483733 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma relapses not only herald a very poor prognosis but also opportunities to treat this genetically diverse complex cancer in new ways. This review will attempt to show that the field is a rapidly evolving one in which not only cytotoxic agents but also local control strategies and the immune system can be harnessed to improve the prognosis of relapsed patients. The molecular heterogeneity and the difficulty of effectively treating most common patterns of relapse with surgery and/or radiation (lung and/or bone metastases) have been responsible for a wide variety of approaches to learning whether agents are active against osteosarcoma. This chapter will highlight past, current, and potential future approaches to provide more effective systemic therapy for the problem of recurrent metastases of osteosarcoma. These include single-agent trials with a wide variety of agents, radiopharmaceuticals, and immune therapies. Finally, how such efforts are integrated into more effective local control strategies is also discussed.
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83
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Using Liquid Biopsy in the Treatment of Patient with OS. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1257:95-105. [PMID: 32483734 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies encompass a number of new technologies designed to derive tumor data through the minimally invasive sampling of an accessible body fluid. These technologies remain early in their clinical development, and applications for patients with osteosarcoma are actively under investigation. In this chapter, we outline the current state of liquid biopsy technologies as they apply to cancer generally and osteosarcoma specifically, focusing on assays that detect and profile circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNA), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). At present, ctDNA assays are the most mature, with multiple assays demonstrating the feasibility of detecting and quantifying ctDNA from blood samples of patients with osteosarcoma. Initial studies show that ctDNA can be detected in the majority of patients with osteosarcoma and that the detection and level of ctDNA correlates with a worse prognosis. Profiling of ctDNA can also identify specific somatic events that may have prognostic relevance, such as 8q gain in osteosarcoma. miRNAs are stable RNAs that regulate gene expression and are known to be dysregulated in cancer, and patterns of miRNA expression have been evaluated in multiple studies of patients with osteosarcoma. While studies have identified differential expression of many miRNAs in osteosarcomas compared to healthy controls, a consensus set of prognostic miRNAs has yet to be definitively validated. Recent studies have also demonstrated the feasibility of capturing CTCs in patients with osteosarcoma. The development of assays that quantify and profile CTCs for use as prognostic biomarkers or tools for biologic discovery is still in development. However, CTC technology holds incredible promise given the potential to perform multi-omic approaches in single cancer cells to understand osteosarcoma heterogeneity and tumor evolution. The next step required to move liquid biopsy technologies closer to helping patients will be wide-scale collection of patient samples from large prospective studies.
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Targeting the Cancer Epigenome with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:55-75. [PMID: 32767234 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is an emerging hallmark of cancer that enables tumor cells to escape surveillance by tumor suppressors and ultimately progress. The structure of the epigenome consists of covalent modifications of chromatin components, including acetylation by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Targeting these enzymes with inhibitors to restore epigenetic homeostasis has been explored for many cancers. Osteosarcoma, an aggressive bone malignancy that primarily affects children and young adults, is notable for widespread genetic and epigenetic instability. This may explain why therapy directed at unique molecular pathways has failed to substantially improve outcomes in osteosarcoma over the past four decades. In this review, we discuss the potential of targeting the cancer epigenome, with a focus on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) for osteosarcoma. We additionally highlight the safety and tolerance of HDACi, combination chemotherapy with HDACi, and the ongoing challenges in the development of these agents.
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Hattinger CM, Patrizio MP, Magagnoli F, Luppi S, Serra M. An update on emerging drugs in osteosarcoma: towards tailored therapies? Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2019; 24:153-171. [PMID: 31401903 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2019.1654455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Current treatment of conventional and non-conventional high-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS) is based on the surgical removal of primary tumor and, when possible, of metastases and local reccurrence, together with systemic pre- and post-operative chemotherapy with drugs that have been used since decades. Areas covered: This review is intended to summarize the new agents and therapeutic strategies that are under clinical evaluation in HGOS, with the aim to increase the cure probability of this highly malignant bone tumor, which has not significantly improved during the last 30-40 years. The list of drugs, compounds and treatment modalities presented and discussed here has been generated by considering only those that are included in presently ongoing and recruiting clinical trials, or which have been completed in the last 2 years with reported results, on the basis of the information obtained from different and continuously updated databases. Expert opinion: Despite HGOS is a rare tumor, several clinical trials are presently evaluating different treatment strategies, which may hopefully positively impact on the outcome of patients who experience unfavorable prognosis when treated with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maria Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Maria Pia Patrizio
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Federica Magagnoli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Silvia Luppi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
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