51
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Takahara T, Arai Y, Kono Y, Shibata H, Maki M. A microtubule-associated protein MAP1B binds to and regulates localization of a calcium-binding protein ALG-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:492-498. [PMID: 29432744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
MAP1B (microtubule-associated protein 1B) binds to microtubules and regulates microtubule dynamics. Previously, we showed calcium-dependent interaction between MAP1B and a calcium-binding protein ALG-2 (apoptosis-linked gene 2), which is involved in regulation of the protein secretion pathway. Although ALG-2 generally binds to proteins through two consensus binding motifs such as ABM-1 and ABM-2, the absence of these motifs in MAP1B suggests a unique binding mode between MAP1B and ALG-2. Here, we identified the region of mouse MAP1B responsible for binding to ALG-2, and found point mutations that abrogated binding of MAP1B to ALG-2. Furthermore, interaction between MAP1B and ALG-2 selectively prevented ALG-2 from binding to proteins with ABM-2 such as Sec31A, suggesting competition between MAP1B and ABM-2-containing proteins for binding to ALG-2. Consistently, in MAP1B knockout cells, co-localization of ALG-2 with Sec31A was increased. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type MAP1B, but not the MAP1B mutant defective in ALG-2 binding, altered localizations of ALG-2 and Sec31A into dispersed distributions, suggesting that MAP1B regulates localizations of ALG-2 and Sec31A in the cells. Finally, we found two cancer-associated mutations of human MAP1B located near ALG-2 binding sites. The introduction of the corresponding mutations in mouse MAP1B dramatically reduced the binding ability to ALG-2. Thus, these results suggest that MAP1B plays a role in regulation of ALG-2 and Sec31A localizations, and that dysregulation of calcium-dependent binding of ALG-2 to MAP1B might influence pathological conditions such as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terunao Takahara
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yumika Arai
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuta Kono
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideki Shibata
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Maki
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Aichi, Japan.
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52
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PiT2 regulates neuronal outgrowth through interaction with microtubule-associated protein 1B. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17850. [PMID: 29259219 PMCID: PMC5736545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PiT2 is a member of the inorganic phosphate transporter family, and is extensively expressed in the nervous system. It was found that loop7 domain of PiT2 is not required for retroviral recognition and transport function. The exact functions of loop7 remain poorly understood. Here we show that loop7 of PiT2 is necessary for the transport of PiT2 protein to the cell surface. Further, loop7 is also related to the outgrowth of neurite in Neuro2A cells interacts with the light chain 1 of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B). PiT2 with mutated MAP1B binding sites affect neurite outgrowth whereas Pi transport function deficient mutants of PiT2 do not. We also show that Drosophila dPiT interacts with microtubule-associated protein Futsch, and dPiT is crucial for the normal development of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These results indicate that PiT2 might participate in the regulation of neuronal outgrowth by interacting with MAP1B and independently of its Pi transport function in the nervous system.
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53
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Hu W, Wu F, Zhang Y, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Liu F. Expression of Tau Pathology-Related Proteins in Different Brain Regions: A Molecular Basis of Tau Pathogenesis. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:311. [PMID: 29021756 PMCID: PMC5623682 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is hyperphosphorylated and aggregated in affected neurons in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. The tau pathology starts from the entorhinal cortex (EC), spreads to the hippocampus and frontal and temporal cortices, and finally to all isocortex areas, but the cerebellum is spared from tau lesions. The molecular basis of differential vulnerability of different brain regions to tau pathology is not understood. In the present study, we analyzed brain regional expressions of tau and tau pathology-related proteins. We found that tau was hyperphosphorylated at multiple sites in the frontal cortex (FC), but not in the cerebellum, from AD brain. The level of tau expression in the cerebellum was about 1/4 of that seen in the frontal and temporal cortices in human brain. In the rat brain, the expression level of tau with three microtubule-binding repeats (3R-tau) was comparable in the hippocampus, EC, FC, parietal-temporal cortex (PTC), occipital-temporal cortex (OTC), striatum, thalamus, olfactory bulb (OB) and cerebellum. However, the expression level of 4R-tau was the highest in the EC and the lowest in the cerebellum. Tau phosphatases, kinases, microtubule-related proteins and other tau pathology-related proteins were also expressed in a region-specific manner in the rat brain. These results suggest that higher levels of tau and tau kinases in the EC and low levels of these proteins in the cerebellum may accounts for the vulnerability and resistance of these representative brain regions to the development of tau pathology, respectively. The present study provides the regional expression profiles of tau and tau pathology-related proteins in the brain, which may help understand the brain regional vulnerability to tau pathology in neurodegenerative tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Yanchong Zhang
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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54
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Thom M, Liu J, Bongaarts A, Reinten RJ, Paradiso B, Jäger HR, Reeves C, Somani A, An S, Marsdon D, McEvoy A, Miserocchi A, Thorne L, Newman F, Bucur S, Honavar M, Jacques T, Aronica E. Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumors in epilepsy: dysplasia or neoplasia? Brain Pathol 2017; 28:155-171. [PMID: 28833756 PMCID: PMC5887881 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) is a new pattern of neuronal tumour included in the recently revised WHO 2016 classification of tumors of the CNS. There are 15 reports in the literature to date. They are typically associated with late onset epilepsy and a neoplastic vs. malformative biology has been questioned. We present a series of ten cases and compare their pathological and genetic features to better characterized epilepsy‐associated malformations including focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) and low‐grade epilepsy‐associated tumors (LEAT). Clinical and neuroradiology data were reviewed and a broad immunohistochemistry panel was applied to explore neuronal and glial differentiation, interneuronal populations, mTOR pathway activation and neurodegenerative changes. Next generation sequencing was performed for targeted multi‐gene analysis to identify mutations common to epilepsy lesions including FCDII and LEAT. All of the surgical cases in this series presented with seizures, and were located in the temporal lobe. There was a lack of any progressive changes on serial pre‐operative MRI and a mean age at surgery of 45 years. The vacuolated cells of the lesion expressed mature neuronal markers (neurofilament/SMI32, MAP2, synaptophysin). Prominent labelling of the lesional cells for developmentally regulated proteins (OTX1, TBR1, SOX2, MAP1b, CD34, GFAPδ) and oligodendroglial lineage markers (OLIG2, SMI94) was observed. No mutations were detected in the mTOR pathway genes, BRAF, FGFR1 or MYB. Clinical, pathological and genetic data could indicate that MVNT aligns more with a malformative lesion than a true neoplasm with origin from a progenitor neuro‐glial cell type showing aberrant maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thom
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Joan Liu
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy J Reinten
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Paradiso
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK.,Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padua Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Hans Rolf Jäger
- Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Cheryl Reeves
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Alyma Somani
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Shu An
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Derek Marsdon
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Andrew McEvoy
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anna Miserocchi
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Lewis Thorne
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fay Newman
- Neurosurgery Department, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
| | - Sorin Bucur
- Neurosurgery Department, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
| | - Mrinalini Honavar
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Tom Jacques
- Neuropathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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55
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Takahara T, Inoue K, Arai Y, Kuwata K, Shibata H, Maki M. The calcium-binding protein ALG-2 regulates protein secretion and trafficking via interactions with MISSL and MAP1B proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17057-17072. [PMID: 28864773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobilization of intracellular calcium is essential for a wide range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, apoptosis, and vesicular trafficking. Several lines of evidence have suggested that apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG-2, also known as PDCD6), a calcium-binding protein, acts as a calcium sensor linking calcium levels with efficient vesicular trafficking, especially at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport step. However, how ALG-2 regulates these processes remains largely unclear. Here, we report that MAPK1-interacting and spindle-stabilizing (MISS)-like (MISSL), a previously uncharacterized protein, interacts with ALG-2 in a calcium-dependent manner. Live-cell imaging revealed that upon a rise in intracellular calcium levels, GFP-tagged MISSL (GFP-MISSL) dynamically relocalizes in a punctate pattern and colocalizes with ALG-2. MISSL knockdown caused disorganization of the components of the ER exit site, the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, and Golgi. Importantly, knockdown of either MISSL or ALG-2 attenuated the secretion of secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), a model secreted cargo protein, with similar reductions in secretion by single- and double-protein knockdowns, suggesting that MISSL and ALG-2 act in the same pathway to regulate the secretion process. Furthermore, ALG-2 or MISSL knockdown delayed ER-to-Golgi transport of procollagen type I. We also found that ALG-2 and MISSL interact with microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) and that MAP1B knockdown reverts the reduced secretion of SEAP caused by MISSL or ALG-2 depletion. These results suggest that a change in the intracellular calcium level plays a role in regulation of the secretory pathway via interaction of ALG-2 with MISSL and MAP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terunao Takahara
- From the Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, and
| | - Kuniko Inoue
- From the Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, and
| | - Yumika Arai
- From the Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, and
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- the Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideki Shibata
- From the Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, and
| | - Masatoshi Maki
- From the Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, and
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56
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Budna J, Bryja A, Celichowski P, Kahan R, Kranc W, Ciesiółka S, Rybska M, Borys S, Jeseta M, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Brüssow KP, Bruska M, Nowicki M, Zabel M, Kempisty B. Genes of cellular components of morphogenesis in porcine oocytes before and after IVM. Reproduction 2017; 154:535-545. [PMID: 28733345 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proper oocyte maturation in mammals produces an oocyte capable of monospermic fertilization and embryo preimplantation. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), surrounding an oocyte, play a significant role in oocyte maturation. During this process, when the COCs undergo cumulus expansion wherein tightly compact cumulus cells (CCs) form a dispersed structure, permanent biochemical and molecular modifications occur in the maturing oocytes, indicating that the gene expression between immature and mature oocytes differs significantly. This study focuses on the genes responsible for the cellular components of morphogenesis within the developing oocyte. Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) was used to determine the developmental capability of porcine oocytes. The immature oocytes (GV stage) were compared with matured oocytes (MII stage), using microarray and qRT-PCR analysis to track changes in the genetic expression profile of transcriptome genes. The data showed substantial upregulation of genes influencing oocyte's morphology, cellular migration and adhesion, intracellular communication, as well as plasticity of nervous system. Conversely, downregulation involved genes related to microtubule reorganization, regulation of adhesion, proliferation, migration and cell differentiation processes in oocytes. This suggests that most genes recruited in morphogenesis in porcine oocyte in vitro, may have cellular maturational capability, since they have a higher level of expression before the oocyte's matured form. It shows the process of oocyte maturation and developmental capacity is orchestrated by significant cellular modifications during morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Budna
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Bryja
- Department of AnatomyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rotem Kahan
- Department of AnatomyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of AnatomyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ciesiółka
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Rybska
- Institute of Veterinary SciencesPoznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Borys
- Department of AnatomyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Institute of Veterinary SciencesPoznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Institute of Veterinary SciencesPoznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Klaus P Brüssow
- Department of AnatomyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bruska
- Department of AnatomyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Histology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland .,Department of AnatomyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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57
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p39 Is Responsible for Increasing Cdk5 Activity during Postnatal Neuron Differentiation and Governs Neuronal Network Formation and Epileptic Responses. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11283-11294. [PMID: 27807169 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1155-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct protein cofactors, p35 and p39, independently activate Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), which plays diverse roles in normal brain function and the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases. The initial discovery that loss of p35 impairs neuronal migration in the embryonic brain prompted intensive research exploring the function of p35-dependent Cdk5 activity. In contrast, p39 expression is restricted to the postnatal brain and its function remains poorly understood. Despite the robustly increased Cdk5 activity during neuronal differentiation, which activator is responsible for enhancing Cdk5 activation and how the two distinct activators direct Cdk5 signaling to govern neuronal network formation and function still remains elusive. Here we report that p39, but not p35, is selectively upregulated by histone acetylation-mediated transcription, which underlies the robust increase of Cdk5 activity during rat and mouse neuronal differentiation. The loss of p39 attenuates overall Cdk5 activity in neurons and preferentially affects phosphorylation of specific Cdk5 targets, leading to aberrant axonal growth and impaired dendritic spine and synapse formation. In adult mouse brains, p39 deficiency results in dysregulation of p35 and Cdk5 targets in synapses. Moreover, in contrast to the proepileptic phenotype caused by the lack of p35, p39 loss leads to deficits in maintaining seizure activity and induction of immediate early genes that control hippocampal excitability. Together, our studies demonstrate essential roles of p39 in neuronal network development and function. Furthermore, our data support a model in which Cdk5 activators play nonoverlapping and even opposing roles to govern balanced Cdk5 signaling in the postnatal brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal network development requires tightly regulated activation of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) by two distinct cofactors, p35 and p39. Despite the well-known p35-dependent Cdk5 function, why postnatal neurons express abundant p39 in addition to p35 remained unknown for decades. In this study, we discovered that selective upregulation of p39 is the underlying mechanism that accommodates the increased functional requirement of Cdk5 activation during neuronal differentiation. In addition, we demonstrated that p39 selectively directs Cdk5 to phosphorylate protein substrates essential for axonal development, dendritic spine formation, and synaptogenesis. Moreover, our studies suggest opposing roles of p39 and p35 in synaptic Cdk5 function and epileptic responses, arguing that cooperation between Cdk5 activators maintains balanced Cdk5 signing, which is crucial for postnatal brain function.
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58
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Rab35 Functions in Axon Elongation Are Regulated by P53-Related Protein Kinase in a Mechanism That Involves Rab35 Protein Degradation and the Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B. J Neurosci 2017; 36:7298-313. [PMID: 27383602 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4064-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rab35 is a key protein for cargo loading in the recycling endosome. In neuronal immortalized cells, Rab35 promotes neurite differentiation. Here we describe that Rab35 favors axon elongation in rat primary neurons in an activity-dependent manner. In addition, we show that the p53-related protein kinase (PRPK) negatively regulates axonal elongation by reducing Rab35 protein levels through the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. PRPK-induced Rab35 degradation is regulated by its interaction with microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), a microtubule stabilizing binding protein essential for axon elongation. Consistently, axon defects found in MAP1B knock-out neurons were reversed by Rab35 overexpression or PRPK inactivation suggesting an epistatic relationship among these proteins. These results define a novel mechanism to support axonal elongation, by which MAP1B prevents PRPK-induced Rab35 degradation. Such a mechanism allows Rab35-mediated axonal elongation and connects the regulation of actin dynamics with membrane trafficking. In addition, our study reveals for the first time that the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway regulates a Rab GTPase. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Rab35 is required for axonal outgrowth. We define that its protein levels are negatively regulated by p53-related protein kinase (PRPK). We show that microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) interacts with PRPK, preventing PRPK-dependent Rab35 proteasome degradation. We demonstrate that Rab35 regulates Cdc42 activity in neurons. This is the first evidence showing that a Rab protein is regulated by degradation dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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59
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Henry M, Power M, Kaushik P, Coleman O, Clynes M, Meleady P. Differential Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Following Temperature Shift. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2339-2358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Power
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Orla Coleman
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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60
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Terragni B, Scalmani P, Franceschetti S, Cestèle S, Mantegazza M. Post-translational dysfunctions in channelopathies of the nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2017; 132:31-42. [PMID: 28571716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Channelopathies comprise various diseases caused by defects of ion channels. Modifications of their biophysical properties are common and have been widely studied. However, ion channels are heterogeneous multi-molecular complexes that are extensively modulated and undergo a maturation process comprising numerous steps of structural modifications and intracellular trafficking. Perturbations of these processes can give rise to aberrant channels that cause pathologies. Here we review channelopathies of the nervous system associated with dysfunctions at the post-translational level (folding, trafficking, degradation, subcellular localization, interactions with associated proteins and structural post-translational modifications). We briefly outline the physiology of ion channels' maturation and discuss examples of defective mechanisms, focusing in particular on voltage-gated sodium channels, which are implicated in numerous neurological disorders. We also shortly introduce possible strategies to develop therapeutic approaches that target these processes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Channelopathies.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Terragni
- U.O. Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Scalmani
- U.O. Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- U.O. Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandrine Cestèle
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France; University Côte d'Azur (UCA), 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France; University Côte d'Azur (UCA), 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France.
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61
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Portilho DM, Persson R, Arhel N. Role of non-motile microtubule-associated proteins in virus trafficking. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:283-292. [PMID: 27879481 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are entirely dependent on their ability to infect a host cell in order to replicate. To reach their site of replication as rapidly and efficiently as possible following cell entry, many have evolved elaborate mechanisms to hijack the cellular transport machinery to propel themselves across the cytoplasm. Long-range movements have been shown to involve motor proteins along microtubules (MTs) and direct interactions between viral proteins and dynein and/or kinesin motors have been well described. Although less well-characterized, it is also becoming increasingly clear that non-motile microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), including structural MAPs of the MAP1 and MAP2 families, and microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs), can also promote viral trafficking in infected cells, by mediating interaction of viruses with filaments and/or motor proteins, and modulating filament stability. Here we review our current knowledge on non-motile MAPs, their role in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and in viral trafficking during the early steps of infection.
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62
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Gadoth A, Kryzer TJ, Fryer J, McKeon A, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ. Microtubule-associated protein 1B: Novel paraneoplastic biomarker. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:266-277. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Gadoth
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
| | | | - Jim Fryer
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
| | - Andrew McKeon
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- Neurology
| | - Vanda A. Lennon
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- Neurology
- Immunology, Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
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63
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Identity of the Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 2 autoantibody antigen is finally revealed. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:618-619. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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64
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Muñoz-Llancao P, de Gregorio C, Las Heras M, Meinohl C, Noorman K, Boddeke E, Cheng X, Lezoualc'h F, Schmidt M, Gonzalez-Billault C. Microtubule-regulating proteins and cAMP-dependent signaling in neuroblastoma differentiation. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 74:143-158. [PMID: 28164467 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are highly differentiated cells responsible for the conduction and transmission of information in the nervous system. The proper function of a neuron relies on the compartmentalization of their intracellular domains. Differentiated neuroblastoma cells have been extensively used to study and understand the physiology and cell biology of neuronal cells. Here, we show that differentiation of N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells is more pronounced upon exposure of a chemical analog of cyclic AMP (cAMP), db-cAMP. We next analysed the expression of key microtubule-regulating proteins in differentiated cells and the expression and activation of key cAMP players such as EPAC, PKA and AKAP79/150. Most of the microtubule-promoting factors were up regulated during differentiation of N1E-115 cells, while microtubule-destabilizing proteins were down regulated. We observed an increase in tubulin post-translational modifications related to microtubule stability. As expected, db-cAMP increased PKA- and EPAC-dependent signalling. Consistently, pharmacological modulation of EPAC activity instructed cell differentiation, number of neurites, and neurite length in N1E-115 cells. Moreover, disruption of the PKA-AKAP interaction reduced these morphometric parameters. Interestingly, PKA and EPAC act synergistically to induce neuronal differentiation in N1E-115. Altogether these results show that the changes observed in the differentiation of N1E-115 cells proceed by regulating several microtubule-stabilizing factors, and the acquisition of a neuronal phenotype is a process involving concerted although independent functions of EPAC and PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Muñoz-Llancao
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristian de Gregorio
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Las Heras
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Meinohl
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Noorman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Boddeke
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, USA
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65
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Clark JA, Yeaman EJ, Blizzard CA, Chuckowree JA, Dickson TC. A Case for Microtubule Vulnerability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Altered Dynamics During Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:204. [PMID: 27679561 PMCID: PMC5020100 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive multifactorial disease converging on a common pathology: the degeneration of motor neurons (MNs), their axons and neuromuscular synapses. This vulnerability and dysfunction of MNs highlights the dependency of these large cells on their intracellular machinery. Neuronal microtubules (MTs) are intracellular structures that facilitate a myriad of vital neuronal functions, including activity dependent axonal transport. In ALS, it is becoming increasingly apparent that MTs are likely to be a critical component of this disease. Not only are disruptions in this intracellular machinery present in the vast majority of seemingly sporadic cases, recent research has revealed that mutation to a microtubule protein, the tubulin isoform TUBA4A, is sufficient to cause a familial, albeit rare, form of disease. In both sporadic and familial disease, studies have provided evidence that microtubule mediated deficits in axonal transport are the tipping point for MN survivability. Axonal transport deficits would lead to abnormal mitochondrial recycling, decreased vesicle and mRNA transport and limited signaling of key survival factors from the neurons peripheral synapses, causing the characteristic peripheral "die back". This disruption to microtubule dependant transport in ALS has been shown to result from alterations in the phenomenon of microtubule dynamic instability: the rapid growth and shrinkage of microtubule polymers. This is accomplished primarily due to aberrant alterations to microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) that regulate microtubule stability. Indeed, the current literature would argue that microtubule stability, particularly alterations in their dynamics, may be the initial driving force behind many familial and sporadic insults in ALS. Pharmacological stabilization of the microtubule network offers an attractive therapeutic strategy in ALS; indeed it has shown promise in many neurological disorders, ALS included. However, the pathophysiological involvement of MTs and their functions is still poorly understood in ALS. Future investigations will hopefully uncover further therapeutic targets that may aid in combating this awful disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Elise J Yeaman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Catherine A Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jyoti A Chuckowree
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tracey C Dickson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
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66
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Voelzmann A, Hahn I, Pearce SP, Sánchez-Soriano N, Prokop A. A conceptual view at microtubule plus end dynamics in neuronal axons. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:226-237. [PMID: 27530065 PMCID: PMC5090033 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Axons are the cable-like protrusions of neurons which wire up the nervous system. Polar bundles of microtubules (MTs) constitute their structural backbones and are highways for life-sustaining transport between proximal cell bodies and distal synapses. Any morphogenetic changes of axons during development, plastic rearrangement, regeneration or degeneration depend on dynamic changes of these MT bundles. A key mechanism for implementing such changes is the coordinated polymerisation and depolymerisation at the plus ends of MTs within these bundles. To gain an understanding of how such regulation can be achieved at the cellular level, we provide here an integrated overview of the extensive knowledge we have about the molecular mechanisms regulating MT de/polymerisation. We first summarise insights gained from work in vitro, then describe the machinery which supplies the essential tubulin building blocks, the protein complexes associating with MT plus ends, and MT shaft-based mechanisms that influence plus end dynamics. We briefly summarise the contribution of MT plus end dynamics to important cellular functions in axons, and conclude by discussing the challenges and potential strategies of integrating the existing molecular knowledge into conceptual understanding at the level of axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Voelzmann
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ines Hahn
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon P Pearce
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; The University of Manchester, School of Mathematics, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Natalia Sánchez-Soriano
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Andreas Prokop
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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67
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Baas PW, Rao AN, Matamoros AJ, Leo L. Stability properties of neuronal microtubules. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:442-60. [PMID: 26887570 PMCID: PMC5541393 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are terminally differentiated cells that use their microtubule arrays not for cell division but rather as architectural elements required for the elaboration of elongated axons and dendrites. In addition to acting as compression-bearing struts that provide for the shape of the neuron, microtubules also act as directional railways for organelle transport. The stability properties of neuronal microtubules are commonly discussed in the biomedical literature as crucial to the development and maintenance of the nervous system, and have recently gained attention as central to the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Drugs that affect microtubule stability are currently under investigation as potential therapies for disease and injury of the nervous system. There is often a lack of consistency, however, in how the issue of microtubule stability is discussed in the literature, and this can affect the design and interpretation of experiments as well as potential therapeutic regimens. Neuronal microtubules are considered to be more stable than microtubules in dividing cells. On average, this is true, but in addition to an abundant stable microtubule fraction in neurons, there is also an abundant labile microtubule fraction. Both are functionally important. Individual microtubules consist of domains that differ in their stability properties, and these domains can also differ markedly in their composition as well as how they interact with various microtubule-related proteins in the neuron. Myriad proteins and pathways have been discussed as potential contributors to microtubule stability in neurons. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Anand N Rao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew J Matamoros
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lanfranco Leo
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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68
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Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B)-deficient neurons show structural presynaptic deficiencies in vitro and altered presynaptic physiology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30069. [PMID: 27425640 PMCID: PMC4948024 DOI: 10.1038/srep30069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is expressed predominantly during the early stages of development of the nervous system, where it regulates processes such as axonal guidance and elongation. Nevertheless, MAP1B expression in the brain persists in adult stages, where it participates in the regulation of the structure and physiology of dendritic spines in glutamatergic synapses. Moreover, MAP1B expression is also found in presynaptic synaptosomal preparations. In this work, we describe a presynaptic phenotype in mature neurons derived from MAP1B knockout (MAP1B KO) mice. Mature neurons express MAP1B, and its deficiency does not alter the expression levels of a subgroup of other synaptic proteins. MAP1B KO neurons display a decrease in the density of presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals, which involves a reduction in the density of synaptic contacts, and an increased proportion of orphan presynaptic terminals. Accordingly, MAP1B KO neurons present altered synaptic vesicle fusion events, as shown by FM4-64 release assay, and a decrease in the density of both synaptic vesicles and dense core vesicles at presynaptic terminals. Finally, an increased proportion of excitatory immature symmetrical synaptic contacts in MAP1B KO neurons was detected. Altogether these results suggest a novel role for MAP1B in presynaptic structure and physiology regulation in vitro.
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69
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Gonzalez A, Moya-Alvarado G, Gonzalez-Billaut C, Bronfman FC. Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating neuronal growth by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:612-628. [PMID: 27223597 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors TrkB and p75 regulate dendritic and axonal growth during development and maintenance of the mature nervous system; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. In recent years, several advances have shed new light on the processes behind the regulation of BDNF-mediated structural plasticity including control of neuronal transcription, local translation of proteins, and regulation of cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of BDNF signaling in neurons to induce neuronal growth. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Gonzalez
- MINREB and Center for Ageing and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Moya-Alvarado
- MINREB and Center for Ageing and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billaut
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile and Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca C Bronfman
- MINREB and Center for Ageing and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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70
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MAP1B and NOS1 genes are associated with working memory in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:359-66. [PMID: 26233433 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diverse efforts have been done to improve the etiologic understanding of mental disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It becomes clear that research in mental disorders needs to move beyond descriptive syndromes. Several studies support recent theoretical models implicating working memory (WM) deficits in ADHD complex neuropsychology. The aim of this study was to examine the association between rs2199161 and rs478597 polymorphisms at MAP1B and NOS1 genes with verbal working memory in children and adolescents with ADHD. A total of 253 unrelated ADHD children/adolescents were included. The sample was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition criteria. Digit Span from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition was used to assess verbal WM. The raw scores from both forward and backward conditions of Digit Span were summed and converted into scaled scores according to age. The means of scaled Digit Span were compared according to genotypes by ANOVA. Significant differences in Digit Span scores between MAP1B genotype groups (rs2199161: F = 5.676; p = 0.018) and NOS1 (rs478597: F = 6.833; p = 0.009) genes were detected. For both polymorphisms, the CC genotype carriers showed a worse performance in WM task. Our findings suggest possible roles of NOS1 and MAP1B genes in WM performance in ADHD patients, replicating previous results with NOS1 gene in this cognitive domain in ADHD children.
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71
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Marchisella F, Coffey ET, Hollos P. Microtubule and microtubule associated protein anomalies in psychiatric disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:596-611. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marchisella
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; Finland
| | - Eleanor T. Coffey
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; Finland
| | - Patrik Hollos
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; Finland
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72
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NOS1 and SNAP25 polymorphisms are associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in adults but not in children. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 75:75-81. [PMID: 26821215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several investigations documented that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is better conceptualized as a dimensional disorder. At the same time, the disorder seems to have different neurobiological underpinnings and phenotypic presentation in children compared to adults. Neurodevelopmental genes could explain, at least partly these differences. The aim of the present study was to examine possible associations between polymorphisms in SNAP25, MAP1B and NOS1 genes and ADHD symptoms in Brazilian samples of children/adolescents and adults with ADHD. The youth sample consisted of 301 patients whereas the adult sample comprises 485 individuals with ADHD. Diagnoses of ADHD and comorbidities were based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition criteria. The Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale-Version IV (SNAP-IV) was applied by psychiatrists blinded to genotype. The total SNAP-IV scores were compared between genotypes. Impulsivity SNAP-IV scores were also compared according to NOS1 genotypes. Adult patients homozygous for the C allele at SNAP25 rs8636 showed significantly higher total SNAP-IV scores (F = 11.215; adjusted P-value = 0.004). Impulsivity SNAP-IV scores were also significantly different according to NOS1 rs478597 polymorphisms in adults with ADHD (F = 6.282; adjusted P-value = 0.026). These associations were not observed in children and adolescents with ADHD. These results suggest that SNAP25 and NOS1 genotypes influence ADHD symptoms only in adults with ADHD. Our study corroborates previous evidences for differences in the genetic contribution to adult ADHD compared with childhood ADHD.
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73
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Ketschek A, Spillane M, Dun XP, Hardy H, Chilton J, Gallo G. Drebrin coordinates the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the initiation of axon collateral branches. Dev Neurobiol 2016; 76:1092-110. [PMID: 26731339 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Drebrin is a cytoskeleton-associated protein which can interact with both actin filaments and the tips of microtubules. Its roles have been studied mostly in dendrites, and the functions of drebrin in axons are less well understood. In this study, we analyzed the role of drebrin, through shRNA-mediated depletion and overexpression, in the collateral branching of chicken embryonic sensory axons. We report that drebrin promotes the formation of axonal filopodia and collateral branches in vivo and in vitro. Live imaging of cytoskeletal dynamics revealed that drebrin promotes the formation of filopodia from precursor structures termed axonal actin patches. Endogenous drebrin localizes to actin patches and depletion studies indicate that drebrin contributes to the development of patches. In filopodia, endogenous drebrin localizes to the proximal portion of the filopodium. Drebrin was found to promote the stability of axonal filopodia and the entry of microtubule plus tips into axonal filopodia. The effects of drebrin on the stabilization of filopodia are independent of its effects on promoting microtubule targeting to filopodia. Inhibition of myosin II induces a redistribution of endogenous drebrin distally into filopodia, and further increases branching in drebrin overexpressing neurons. Finally, a 30 min treatment with the branch-inducing signal nerve growth factor increases the levels of axonal drebrin. This study determines the specific roles of drebrin in the regulation of the axonal cytoskeleton, and provides evidence that drebrin contributes to the coordination of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the initial stages of axon branching. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1092-1110, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ketschek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Mirela Spillane
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Hardy
- RILD Building, University of Exeter Medical School, Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
| | - John Chilton
- RILD Building, University of Exeter Medical School, Wellcome Wolfson Medical Research Centre, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
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74
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Zhang P, Zhu S, Li Y, Zhao M, Liu M, Gao J, Ding S, Li J. Quantitative proteomics analysis to identify diffuse axonal injury biomarkers in rats using iTRAQ coupled LC-MS/MS. J Proteomics 2015; 133:93-99. [PMID: 26710722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is fairly common during a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with high mortality. Making an early diagnosis, appropriate therapeutic decisions, and an accurate prognostic evaluation of patients with DAI still pose difficulties for clinicians. The detailed mechanisms of axonal injury after head trauma have yet to be clearly defined and no reliable biomarkers are available for early DAI diagnosis. Therefore, this study employed an established DAI animal model in conjunction with an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based protein identification/quantification approach. Alterations in rat cerebral protein expression were quantified using iTRAQ coupled LC-MS/MS, with differentially expressed proteins between the control groups, sham and sham-injured, and the injury groups, animals that died immediately post-injury and those sacrificed at 1h, 6h, 1d, 3d and 7d post-injury, identified. A total of 1858 proteins were identified and quantified and comparative analysis identified ten candidate proteins that warranted further examination. Of the ten candidate DAI biomarkers, four proteins, citrate synthase (CS), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (Snap25), microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) and Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (Rock2), were validated by subsequent Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. Our studies not only identified several novel biomarkers that may provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of DAI, but also demonstrated the feasibility of iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis in cerebral tissue research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shisheng Zhu
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Minzhu Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Wang B, Pan L, Wei M, Wang Q, Liu WW, Wang N, Jiang XY, Zhang X, Bao L. FMRP-Mediated Axonal Delivery of miR-181d Regulates Axon Elongation by Locally Targeting Map1b and Calm1. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2794-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Wilson C, González-Billault C. Regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics by redox signaling and oxidative stress: implications for neuronal development and trafficking. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:381. [PMID: 26483635 PMCID: PMC4588006 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper balance between chemical reduction and oxidation (known as redox balance) is essential for normal cellular physiology. Deregulation in the production of oxidative species leads to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and aberrant post-translational modification of proteins, which in most cases induces injury, cell death and disease. However, physiological concentrations of oxidative species are necessary to support important cell functions, such as chemotaxis, hormone synthesis, immune response, cytoskeletal remodeling, Ca2+ homeostasis and others. Recent evidence suggests that redox balance regulates actin and microtubule dynamics in both physiological and pathological contexts. Microtubules and actin microfilaments contain certain amino acid residues that are susceptible to oxidation, which reduces the ability of microtubules to polymerize and causes severing of actin microfilaments in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. In contrast, inhibited production of reactive oxygen species (ROS; e.g., due to NOXs) leads to aberrant actin polymerization, decreases neurite outgrowth and affects the normal development and polarization of neurons. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence suggesting that both general and specific enzymatic sources of redox species exert diverse effects on cytoskeletal dynamics. Considering the intimate relationship between cytoskeletal dynamics and trafficking, we also discuss the potential effects of redox balance on intracellular transport via regulation of the components of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton as well as cytoskeleton-associated proteins, which may directly impact localization of proteins and vesicles across the soma, dendrites and axon of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Wilson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Ketschek A, Jones S, Spillane M, Korobova F, Svitkina T, Gallo G. Nerve growth factor promotes reorganization of the axonal microtubule array at sites of axon collateral branching. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 75:1441-61. [PMID: 25846486 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The localized debundling of the axonal microtubule array and the entry of microtubules into axonal filopodia are two defining features of collateral branching. We report that nerve growth factor (NGF), a branch-inducing signal, increases the frequency of microtubule debundling along the axon shaft of chicken embryonic sensory neurons. Sites of debundling correlate strongly with the localized targeting of microtubules into filopodia. Platinum replica electron microscopy suggests physical interactions between debundled microtubules and axonal actin filaments. However, as evidenced by depolymerization of actin filaments and inhibition of myosin II, actomyosin force generation does not promote debundling. In contrast, loss of actin filaments or inhibition of myosin II activity promotes debundling, indicating that axonal actomyosin forces suppress debundling. MAP1B is a microtubule associated protein that represses axon branching. Following treatment with NGF, microtubules penetrating filopodia during the early stages of branching exhibited lower levels of associated MAP1B. NGF increased and decreased the levels of MAP1B phosphorylated at a GSK-3β site (pMAP1B) along the axon shaft and within axonal filopodia, respectively. The levels of MAP1B and pMAP1B were not altered at sites of debundling, relative to the rest of the axon. Unlike the previously determined effects of NGF on the axonal actin cytoskeleton, the effects of NGF on microtubule debundling were not affected by inhibition of protein synthesis. Collectively, these data indicate that NGF promotes localized axonal microtubule debundling, that actomyosin forces antagonize microtubule debundling, and that NGF regulates pMAP1B in axonal filopodia during the early stages of collateral branch formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ketschek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Steven Jones
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Mirela Spillane
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Farida Korobova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
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Telford BJ, Chen A, Beetham H, Frick J, Brew TP, Gould CM, Single A, Godwin T, Simpson KJ, Guilford P. Synthetic Lethal Screens Identify Vulnerabilities in GPCR Signaling and Cytoskeletal Organization in E-Cadherin–Deficient Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1213-23. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pretto DI, Eid JS, Yrigollen CM, Tang HT, Loomis EW, Raske C, Durbin-Johnson B, Hagerman PJ, Tassone F. Differential increases of specific FMR1 mRNA isoforms in premutation carriers. J Med Genet 2014; 52:42-52. [PMID: 25358671 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 40% of male and ∼16% of female carriers of a premutation FMR1 allele (55-200 CGG repeats) will develop fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder, while about 20% of female carriers will develop fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency. Marked elevation in FMR1 mRNA transcript levels has been observed with premutation alleles, and RNA toxicity due to increased mRNA levels is the leading molecular mechanism proposed for these disorders. However, although the FMR1 gene undergoes alternative splicing, it is unknown whether all or only some of the isoforms are overexpressed in premutation carriers and which isoforms may contribute to the premutation pathology. METHODS To address this question, we have applied a long-read sequencing approach using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our SMRT sequencing analysis performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and brain tissue samples derived from premutation carriers and controls revealed the existence of 16 isoforms of 24 predicted variants. Although the relative abundance of all mRNA isoforms was significantly increased in the premutation group, as expected based on the bulk increase in mRNA levels, there was a disproportionate (fourfold to sixfold) increase, relative to the overall increase in mRNA, in the abundance of isoforms spliced at both exons 12 and 14, specifically Iso10 and Iso10b, containing the complete exon 15 and differing only in splicing in exon 17. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that RNA toxicity may arise from a relative increase of all FMR1 mRNA isoforms. Interestingly, the Iso10 and Iso10b mRNA isoforms, lacking the C-terminal functional sites for fragile X mental retardation protein function, are the most increased in premutation carriers relative to normal, suggesting a functional relevance in the pathology of FMR1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalyir I Pretto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - John S Eid
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Carolyn M Yrigollen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hiu-Tung Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Erick W Loomis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chris Raske
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Paul J Hagerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Flora Tassone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
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