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Hosseini S, van Ham M, Erck C, Korte M, Michaelsen-Preusse K. The role of α-tubulin tyrosination in controlling the structure and function of hippocampal neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:931859. [PMCID: PMC9627282 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.931859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are central components of the neuronal cytoskeleton and play a critical role in CNS integrity, function, and plasticity. Neuronal MTs are diverse due to extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly detyrosination/tyrosination, in which the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin is cyclically removed by a carboxypeptidase and reattached by a tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL). The detyrosination/tyrosination cycle of MTs has been shown to be an important regulator of MT dynamics in neurons. TTL-null mice exhibit impaired neuronal organization and die immediately after birth, indicating TTL function is vital to the CNS. However, the detailed cellular role of TTL during development and in the adult brain remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that conditional deletion of TTL in the neocortex and hippocampus during network development results in a pathophysiological phenotype defined by incomplete development of the corpus callosum and anterior commissures due to axonal growth arrest. TTL loss was also associated with a deficit in spatial learning, impaired synaptic plasticity, and reduced number of spines in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that TTL also plays a critical role in hippocampal network development. TTL deletion after postnatal development, specifically in the hippocampus and in cultured hippocampal neurons, led to a loss of spines and impaired spine structural plasticity. This indicates a novel and important function of TTL for synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. In conclusion, this study reveals the importance of α-tubulin tyrosination, which defines the dynamics of MTs, in controlling proper network formation and suggests TTL-mediated tyrosination as a new key determinant of synaptic plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco van Ham
- Research Group Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Erck
- Research Group Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse,
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52
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Ka M, Moffat JJ, Kim WY. MACF1, Involved in the 1p34.2p34.3 Microdeletion Syndrome, is Essential in Cortical Progenitor Polarity and Brain Integrity. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2187-2204. [PMID: 33871731 PMCID: PMC8523589 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1p34.2p34.3 deletion syndrome is characterized by an increased risk for autism. Microtubule Actin Crosslinking Factor 1 (MACF1) is one candidate gene for this syndrome. It is unclear, however, how MACF1 deletion is linked to brain development and neurodevelopmental deficits. Here we report on Macf1 deletion in the developing mouse cerebral cortex, focusing on radial glia polarity and morphological integrity, as these are critical factors in brain formation. We found that deleting Macf1 during cortical development resulted in double cortex/subcortical band heterotopia as well as disrupted cortical lamination. Macf1-deleted radial progenitors showed increased proliferation rates compared to control cells but failed to remain confined within their defined proliferation zone in the developing brain. The overproliferation of Macf1-deleted radial progenitors was associated with elevated cell cycle speed and re-entry. Microtubule stability and actin polymerization along the apical ventricular area were decreased in the Macf1 mutant cortex. Correspondingly, there was a disconnection between radial glial fibers and the apical and pial surfaces. Finally, we observed that Macf1-mutant mice exhibited social deficits and aberrant emotional behaviors. Together, these results suggest that MACF1 plays a critical role in cortical progenitor proliferation and localization by promoting glial fiber stabilization and polarization. Our findings may provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism underlying the 1p34.2p34.3 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Ka
- Research Center for Substance Abuse Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey J Moffat
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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53
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Liu Q, Guo Q, Fang LP, Yao H, Scheller A, Kirchhoff F, Huang W. Specific detection and deletion of the sigma-1 receptor widely expressed in neurons and glial cells in vivo. J Neurochem 2022; 164:764-785. [PMID: 36084044 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chaperon protein sigma-1 receptor (S1R) has been discovered over forty years ago. Recent pharmacological studies using S1R exogenous ligands demonstrated a promising therapeutical potential of targeting the S1R for several neurological disorders. Although intensive in vitro studies have revealed S1Rs are mainly residing at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cell-specific in vivo expression pattern of S1Rs is still unclear, mainly due to the lack of a reliable detection method which also prevented a comprehensive functional analysis. Here, first, we identified a highly specific antibody using S1R knockout (KO) mice and established an immunohistochemical protocol involving a 1% SDS antigen retrieval step. Second, we characterized the S1R expression in the mouse brain and can demonstrate that the S1R is widely expressed: in principal neurons, interneurons, and all glial cell types. In addition, unlike reported in previous studies, we showed that the S1R expression in astrocytes is not colocalized with the astrocytic cytoskeleton protein GFAP. Thus, our results raise concerns over previously reported S1R properties. Finally, we generated a Cre-dependent S1R conditional KO mouse (S1R flox) to study cell type-specific functions of the S1R. As a proof of concept, we successfully ablated S1R expressions in neurons or microglia employing neuronal and microglial Cre-expressing mice, respectively. In summary, we provide powerful tools to cell-specifically detect, delete and functionally characterize S1R in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Molecular Physiology, CIPMM, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qilin Guo
- Molecular Physiology, CIPMM, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Li-Pao Fang
- Molecular Physiology, CIPMM, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, CIPMM, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, CIPMM, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Molecular Physiology, CIPMM, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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Wennagel D, Braz BY, Capizzi M, Barnat M, Humbert S. Huntingtin coordinates dendritic spine morphology and function through cofilin-mediated control of the actin cytoskeleton. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111261. [PMID: 36044862 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that in Huntington's disease (HD), mutation of huntingtin (HTT) alters several aspects of early brain development such as synaptogenesis. It is not clear to what extent the partial loss of wild-type HTT function contributes to these abnormalities. Here we investigate the function of HTT in the formation of spines. Although larger spines normally correlate with more synaptic activity, cell-autonomous depletion of HTT leads to enlarged spines but reduced excitatory synaptic function. We find that HTT is required for the proper turnover of endogenous actin and to recruit AMPA receptors at active synapses; loss of HTT leads to LIM kinase (LIMK) hyperactivation, which maintains cofilin in its inactive state. HTT therefore influences actin dynamics through the LIMK-cofilin pathway. Loss of HTT uncouples spine structure from synaptic function, which may contribute to the ultimate development of HD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Wennagel
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Bâtiment Edmond J. Safra, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, 38000 Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Barbara Yael Braz
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Bâtiment Edmond J. Safra, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, 38000 Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Mariacristina Capizzi
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Bâtiment Edmond J. Safra, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, 38000 Grenoble, La Tronche, France; Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Monia Barnat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Bâtiment Edmond J. Safra, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, 38000 Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Sandrine Humbert
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Bâtiment Edmond J. Safra, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, 38000 Grenoble, La Tronche, France; Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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55
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Erkhembaatar M, Yamamoto I, Inoguchi F, Taki K, Yamagishi S, Delaney L, Nishibe M, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Hanashima C, Naka‐kaneda H, Ihara D, Katsuyama Y. Involvement of Strawberry Notch homologue 1 in neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:379-394. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munkhsoyol Erkhembaatar
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Iroha Yamamoto
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Fuduki Inoguchi
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Kosuke Taki
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan
| | - Leanne Delaney
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000 Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Mariko Nishibe
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Animal Resource Development Unit, Biosystem Dynamics Group, Division of Bio‐Function Dynamics Imaging Center for Life Science Technologies CDB RIKEN Kobe Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit, Biosystem Dynamics Group, Division of Bio‐Function Dynamics Imaging Center for Life Science Technologies CDB RIKEN Kobe Japan
| | - Carina Hanashima
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences Waseda University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hayato Naka‐kaneda
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Dai Ihara
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Yu Katsuyama
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
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56
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Postmitotic accumulation of histone variant H3.3 in new cortical neurons establishes neuronal chromatin, transcriptome, and identity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116956119. [PMID: 35930666 PMCID: PMC9371731 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116956119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone variants, which can be expressed outside of S-phase and deposited DNA synthesis-independently, provide long-term histone replacement in postmitotic cells, including neurons. Beyond replenishment, histone variants also play active roles in gene regulation by modulating chromatin states or enabling nucleosome turnover. Here, we uncover crucial roles for the histone H3 variant H3.3 in neuronal development. We find that newborn cortical excitatory neurons, which have only just completed replication-coupled deposition of canonical H3.1 and H3.2, substantially accumulate H3.3 immediately postmitosis. Codeletion of H3.3-encoding genes H3f3a and H3f3b from newly postmitotic neurons abrogates H3.3 accumulation, markedly alters the histone posttranslational modification landscape, and causes widespread disruptions to the establishment of the neuronal transcriptome. These changes coincide with developmental phenotypes in neuronal identities and axon projections. Thus, preexisting, replication-dependent histones are insufficient for establishing neuronal chromatin and transcriptome; de novo H3.3 is required. Stage-dependent deletion of H3f3a and H3f3b from 1) cycling neural progenitor cells, 2) neurons immediately postmitosis, or 3) several days later, reveals the first postmitotic days to be a critical window for de novo H3.3. After H3.3 accumulation within this developmental window, codeletion of H3f3a and H3f3b does not lead to immediate H3.3 loss, but causes progressive H3.3 depletion over several months without widespread transcriptional disruptions or cellular phenotypes. Our study thus uncovers key developmental roles for de novo H3.3 in establishing neuronal chromatin, transcriptome, identity, and connectivity immediately postmitosis that are distinct from its role in maintaining total histone H3 levels over the neuronal lifespan.
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57
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Wiegreffe C, Wahl T, Joos NS, Bonnefont J, Liu P, Britsch S. Developmental cell death of cortical projection neurons is controlled by a Bcl11a/Bcl6‐dependent pathway. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54104. [PMID: 35766181 PMCID: PMC9346488 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental neuron death plays a pivotal role in refining organization and wiring during neocortex formation. Aberrant regulation of this process results in neurodevelopmental disorders including impaired learning and memory. Underlying molecular pathways are incompletely determined. Loss of Bcl11a in cortical projection neurons induces pronounced cell death in upper‐layer cortical projection neurons during postnatal corticogenesis. We use this genetic model to explore genetic mechanisms by which developmental neuron death is controlled. Unexpectedly, we find Bcl6, previously shown to be involved in the transition of cortical neurons from progenitor to postmitotic differentiation state to provide a major checkpoint regulating neuron survival during late cortical development. We show that Bcl11a is a direct transcriptional regulator of Bcl6. Deletion of Bcl6 exerts death of cortical projection neurons. In turn, reintroduction of Bcl6 into Bcl11a mutants prevents induction of cell death in these neurons. Together, our data identify a novel Bcl11a/Bcl6‐dependent molecular pathway in regulation of developmental cell death during corticogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Wahl
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | | | - Jerome Bonnefont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI) Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
- VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven Department of Neuroscience Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Stefan Britsch
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy Ulm University Ulm Germany
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58
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Grubisha MJ, DeGiosio RA, Wills ZP, Sweet RA. Trio and Kalirin as unique enactors of Rho/Rac spatiotemporal precision. Cell Signal 2022; 98:110416. [PMID: 35872089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rac1 and RhoA are among the most widely studied small GTPases. The classic dogma surrounding their biology has largely focused on their activity as an "on/off switch" of sorts. However, the advent of more sophisticated techniques, such as genetically-encoded FRET-based sensors, has afforded the ability to delineate the spatiotemporal regulation of Rac1 and RhoA. As a result, there has been a shift from this simplistic global view to one incorporating the precision of spatiotemporal modularity. This review summarizes emerging data surrounding the roles of Rac1 and RhoA as cytoskeletal regulators and examines how these new data have led to a revision of the traditional dogma which placed Rac1 and RhoA in antagonistic pathways. This more recent evidence suggests that rather than absolute activity levels, it is the tight spatiotemporal regulation of Rac1 and RhoA across multiple roles, from oppositional to complementary, that is necessary to execute coordinated cytoskeletal processes affecting cell structure, function, and migration. We focus on how Kalirin and Trio, as dual GEFs that target Rac1 and RhoA, are uniquely designed to provide the spatiotemporally-precise shifts in Rac/Rho balance which mediate changes in neuronal structure and function, particularly by way of cytoskeletal rearrangements. Finally, we review how alterations in Trio and/or Kalirin function are associated with cellular abnormalities and neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Grubisha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R A DeGiosio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Z P Wills
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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59
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Critical Role of Neuronal Vps35 in Blood Vessel Branching and Maturation in Developing Mouse Brain. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071653. [PMID: 35884959 PMCID: PMC9313219 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vps35 (vacuolar protein sorting 35), a key component of retromer, plays a crucial role in selective retrieval of transmembrane proteins from endosomes to trans-Golgi networks. Dysfunctional Vps35/retromer is a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Vps35 is highly expressed in developing pyramidal neurons, both in the mouse neocortex and hippocampus, Although embryonic neuronal Vps35’s function in promoting neuronal terminal differentiation and survival is evident, it remains unclear whether and how neuronal Vps35 communicates with other types of brain cells, such as blood vessels (BVs), which are essential for supplying nutrients to neurons. Dysfunctional BVs contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we provide evidence for embryonic neuronal Vps35 as critical for BV branching and maturation in the developing mouse brain. Selectively knocking out (KO) Vps35 in mouse embryonic, not postnatal, neurons results in reductions in BV branching and density, arteriole diameter, and BV-associated pericytes and microglia but an increase in BV-associated reactive astrocytes. Deletion of microglia by PLX3397 enhances these BV deficits in mutant mice. These results reveal the function of neuronal Vps35 in neurovascular coupling in the developing mouse brain and implicate BV-associated microglia as underlying this event.
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60
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Wong FK, Selten M, Rosés-Novella C, Sreenivasan V, Pallas-Bazarra N, Serafeimidou-Pouliou E, Hanusz-Godoy A, Oozeer F, Edwards R, Marín O. Serotonergic regulation of bipolar cell survival in the developing cerebral cortex. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111037. [PMID: 35793629 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One key factor underlying the functional balance of cortical networks is the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The mechanisms controlling the ultimate number of interneurons are beginning to be elucidated, but to what extent similar principles govern the survival of the large diversity of cortical inhibitory cells remains to be investigated. Here, we investigate the mechanisms regulating developmental cell death in neurogliaform cells, bipolar cells, and basket cells, the three main populations of interneurons originating from the caudal ganglionic eminence and the preoptic region. We found that all three subclasses of interneurons undergo activity-dependent programmed cell death. However, while neurogliaform cells and basket cells require glutamatergic transmission to survive, the final number of bipolar cells is instead modulated by serotonergic signaling. Together, our results demonstrate that input-specific modulation of neuronal activity controls the survival of cortical interneurons during the critical period of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Kuan Wong
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Martijn Selten
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Claudia Rosés-Novella
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Varun Sreenivasan
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Noemí Pallas-Bazarra
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eleni Serafeimidou-Pouliou
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alicia Hanusz-Godoy
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fazal Oozeer
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Robert Edwards
- Department of Physiology and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Hoye ML, Calviello L, Poff AJ, Ejimogu NE, Newman CR, Montgomery MD, Ou J, Floor SN, Silver DL. Aberrant cortical development is driven by impaired cell cycle and translational control in a DDX3X syndrome model. eLife 2022; 11:e78203. [PMID: 35762573 PMCID: PMC9239684 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA helicase, DDX3X, are a leading cause of Intellectual Disability and present as DDX3X syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cortical malformations and autism. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X controls cortical development are largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of Ddx3x loss-of-function we demonstrate that DDX3X directs translational and cell cycle control of neural progenitors, which underlies precise corticogenesis. First, we show brain development is sensitive to Ddx3x dosage; complete Ddx3x loss from neural progenitors causes microcephaly in females, whereas hemizygous males and heterozygous females show reduced neurogenesis without marked microcephaly. In addition, Ddx3x loss is sexually dimorphic, as its paralog, Ddx3y, compensates for Ddx3x in the developing male neocortex. Using live imaging of progenitors, we show that DDX3X promotes neuronal generation by regulating both cell cycle duration and neurogenic divisions. Finally, we use ribosome profiling in vivo to discover the repertoire of translated transcripts in neural progenitors, including those which are DDX3X-dependent and essential for neurogenesis. Our study reveals invaluable new insights into the etiology of DDX3X syndrome, implicating dysregulated progenitor cell cycle dynamics and translation as pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah L Hoye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Lorenzo Calviello
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Human TechnopoleMilanItaly
- Centre for Computational Biology, Human TechnopoleMilanItaly
| | - Abigail J Poff
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Nna-Emeka Ejimogu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Carly R Newman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Maya D Montgomery
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, UCSFSan FranciscoUnited States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
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62
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Cai L, Yang JW, Wang CF, Chou SJ, Luhmann HJ, Karayannis T. Identification of a Developmental Switch in Information Transfer between Whisker S1 and S2 Cortex in Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4435-4448. [PMID: 35501157 PMCID: PMC9172289 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2246-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The whiskers of rodents are a key sensory organ that provides critical tactile information for animal navigation and object exploration throughout life. Previous work has explored the developmental sensory-driven activation of the primary sensory cortex processing whisker information (wS1), also called barrel cortex. This body of work has shown that the barrel cortex is already activated by sensory stimuli during the first postnatal week. However, it is currently unknown when over the course of development these stimuli begin being processed by higher-order cortical areas, such as secondary whisker somatosensory area (wS2). Here we investigate the developmental engagement of wS2 by whisker stimuli and the emergence of corticocortical communication from wS1 to wS2. Using in vivo wide-field imaging and multielectrode recordings in control and conditional KO mice of either sex with thalamocortical innervation defects, we find that wS1 and wS2 are able to process bottom-up information coming from the thalamus from birth. We also identify that it is only at the end of the first postnatal week that wS1 begins to provide functional excitation into wS2, switching to more inhibitory actions after the second postnatal week. Therefore, we have uncovered a developmental window when information transfer between wS1 and wS2 reaches mature function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT At the end of the first postnatal week, the primary whisker somatosensory area starts providing excitatory input to the secondary whisker somatosensory area 2. This excitatory drive weakens during the second postnatal week and switches to inhibition in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbi Cai
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jenq-Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chia-Fang Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ju Chou
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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63
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Liu J, Yang M, Su M, Liu B, Zhou K, Sun C, Ba R, Yu B, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Fan W, Wang K, Zhong M, Han J, Zhao C. FOXG1 sequentially orchestrates subtype specification of postmitotic cortical projection neurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabh3568. [PMID: 35613274 PMCID: PMC9132448 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian neocortex is a highly organized six-layered structure with four major cortical neuron subtypes: corticothalamic projection neurons (CThPNs), subcerebral projection neurons (SCPNs), deep callosal projection neurons (CPNs), and superficial CPNs. Here, careful examination of multiple conditional knockout model mouse lines showed that the transcription factor FOXG1 functions as a master regulator of postmitotic cortical neuron specification and found that mice lacking functional FOXG1 exhibited projection deficits. Before embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), FOXG1 enforces deep CPN identity in postmitotic neurons by activating Satb2 but repressing Bcl11b and Tbr1. After E14.5, FOXG1 exerts specification functions in distinct layers via differential regulation of Bcl11b and Tbr1, including specification of superficial versus deep CPNs and enforcement of CThPN identity. FOXG1 controls CThPN versus SCPN fate by fine-tuning Fezf2 levels through diverse interactions with multiple SOX family proteins. Thus, our study supports a developmental model to explain the postmitotic specification of four cortical projection neuron subtypes and sheds light on neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingzhao Su
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Congli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ru Ba
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baocong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baoshen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology,
Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junhai Han
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology,
Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human
Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, China
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64
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Ezan J, Moreau MM, Mamo TM, Shimbo M, Decroo M, Sans N, Montcouquiol M. Neuron-Specific Deletion of Scrib in Mice Leads to Neuroanatomical and Locomotor Deficits. Front Genet 2022; 13:872700. [PMID: 35692812 PMCID: PMC9174639 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.872700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scribble (Scrib) is a conserved polarity protein acting as a scaffold involved in multiple cellular and developmental processes. Recent evidence from our group indicates that Scrib is also essential for brain development as early global deletion of Scrib in the dorsal telencephalon induced cortical thickness reduction and alteration of interhemispheric connectivity. In addition, Scrib conditional knockout (cKO) mice have behavioral deficits such as locomotor activity impairment and memory alterations. Given Scrib broad expression in multiple cell types in the brain, we decided to determine the neuronal contribution of Scrib for these phenotypes. In the present study, we further investigate the function of Scrib specifically in excitatory neurons on the forebrain formation and the control of locomotor behavior. To do so, we generated a novel neuronal glutamatergic specific Scrib cKO mouse line called Nex-Scrib−/− cKO. Remarkably, cortical layering and commissures were impaired in these mice and reproduced to some extent the previously described phenotype in global Scrib cKO. In addition and in contrast to our previous results using Emx1-Scrib−/− cKO, the Nex-Scrib−/− cKO mutant mice exhibited significantly reduced locomotion. Altogether, the novel cKO model described in this study further highlights an essential role for Scrib in forebrain development and locomotor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Ezan
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- *Correspondence: Jerome Ezan,
| | - Maité M. Moreau
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tamrat M. Mamo
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miki Shimbo
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maureen Decroo
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Sans
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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65
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Ketamine exerts its sustained antidepressant effects via cell-type-specific regulation of Kcnq2. Neuron 2022; 110:2283-2298.e9. [PMID: 35649415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A single sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine produces a rapid and sustained antidepressant response, yet the molecular mechanisms responsible for this remain unclear. Here, we identified cell-type-specific transcriptional signatures associated with a sustained ketamine response in mice. Most interestingly, we identified the Kcnq2 gene as an important downstream regulator of ketamine action in glutamatergic neurons of the ventral hippocampus. We validated these findings through a series of complementary molecular, electrophysiological, cellular, pharmacological, behavioral, and functional experiments. We demonstrated that adjunctive treatment with retigabine, a KCNQ activator, augments ketamine's antidepressant-like effects in mice. Intriguingly, these effects are ketamine specific, as they do not modulate a response to classical antidepressants, such as escitalopram. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine, with important clinical implications.
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66
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Li J, Pinto-Duarte A, Zander M, Cuoco MS, Lai CY, Osteen J, Fang L, Luo C, Lucero JD, Gomez-Castanon R, Nery JR, Silva-Garcia I, Pang Y, Sejnowski TJ, Powell SB, Ecker JR, Mukamel EA, Behrens MM. Dnmt3a knockout in excitatory neurons impairs postnatal synapse maturation and increases the repressive histone modification H3K27me3. eLife 2022; 11:e66909. [PMID: 35604009 PMCID: PMC9170249 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two epigenetic pathways of transcriptional repression, DNA methylation and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), are known to regulate neuronal development and function. However, their respective contributions to brain maturation are unknown. We found that conditional loss of the de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in mouse excitatory neurons altered expression of synapse-related genes, stunted synapse maturation, and impaired working memory and social interest. At the genomic level, loss of Dnmt3a abolished postnatal accumulation of CG and non-CG DNA methylation, leaving adult neurons with an unmethylated, fetal-like epigenomic pattern at ~222,000 genomic regions. The PRC2-associated histone modification, H3K27me3, increased at many of these sites. Our data support a dynamic interaction between two fundamental modes of epigenetic repression during postnatal maturation of excitatory neurons, which together confer robustness on neuronal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Li
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Antonio Pinto-Duarte
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Mark Zander
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Michael S Cuoco
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Julia Osteen
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Linjing Fang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Chongyuan Luo
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Jacinta D Lucero
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Rosa Gomez-Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Isai Silva-Garcia
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Yan Pang
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Susan B Powell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Eran A Mukamel
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - M Margarita Behrens
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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67
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Kim H, Gao EB, Draper A, Berens NC, Vihma H, Zhang X, Higashi-Howard A, Ritola KD, Simon JM, Kennedy AJ, Philpot BD. Rescue of behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes in a Pitt-Hopkins syndrome mouse model by genetic restoration of Tcf4 expression. eLife 2022; 11:e72290. [PMID: 35535852 PMCID: PMC9090324 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by monoallelic mutation or deletion in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene. Individuals with PTHS typically present in the first year of life with developmental delay and exhibit intellectual disability, lack of speech, and motor incoordination. There are no effective treatments available for PTHS, but the root cause of the disorder, TCF4 haploinsufficiency, suggests that it could be treated by normalizing TCF4 gene expression. Here, we performed proof-of-concept viral gene therapy experiments using a conditional Tcf4 mouse model of PTHS and found that postnatally reinstating Tcf4 expression in neurons improved anxiety-like behavior, activity levels, innate behaviors, and memory. Postnatal reinstatement also partially corrected EEG abnormalities, which we characterized here for the first time, and the expression of key TCF4-regulated genes. Our results support a genetic normalization approach as a treatment strategy for PTHS, and possibly other TCF4-linked disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Eric B Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Adam Draper
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Noah C Berens
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Hanna Vihma
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, United States
| | | | | | - Jeremy M Simon
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Andrew J Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, United States
| | - Benjamin D Philpot
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil, Chapel Hill, United States
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68
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Calderon L, Weiss FD, Beagan JA, Oliveira MS, Georgieva R, Wang YF, Carroll TS, Dharmalingam G, Gong W, Tossell K, de Paola V, Whilding C, Ungless MA, Fisher AG, Phillips-Cremins JE, Merkenschlager M. Cohesin-dependence of neuronal gene expression relates to chromatin loop length. eLife 2022; 11:e76539. [PMID: 35471149 PMCID: PMC9106336 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin and CTCF are major drivers of 3D genome organization, but their role in neurons is still emerging. Here, we show a prominent role for cohesin in the expression of genes that facilitate neuronal maturation and homeostasis. Unexpectedly, we observed two major classes of activity-regulated genes with distinct reliance on cohesin in mouse primary cortical neurons. Immediate early genes (IEGs) remained fully inducible by KCl and BDNF, and short-range enhancer-promoter contacts at the IEGs Fos formed robustly in the absence of cohesin. In contrast, cohesin was required for full expression of a subset of secondary response genes characterized by long-range chromatin contacts. Cohesin-dependence of constitutive neuronal genes with key functions in synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter signaling also scaled with chromatin loop length. Our data demonstrate that key genes required for the maturation and activation of primary cortical neurons depend on cohesin for their full expression, and that the degree to which these genes rely on cohesin scales with the genomic distance traversed by their chromatin contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Calderon
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Felix D Weiss
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A Beagan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Marta S Oliveira
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Radina Georgieva
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gopuraja Dharmalingam
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Wanfeng Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Kyoko Tossell
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo de Paola
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Chad Whilding
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark A Ungless
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amanda G Fisher
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E Phillips-Cremins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Epigenetics Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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69
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Attili SM, Moradi K, Wheeler DW, Ascoli GA. Quantification of neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation by data mining and numerical optimization. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1724-1741. [PMID: 35301768 PMCID: PMC10026515 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the population sizes of distinct neuron types in different anatomical regions is an essential step towards establishing a brain cell census. Although estimates exist for the total neuronal populations in different species, the number and definition of each specific neuron type are still intensively investigated. Hippocampome.org is an open-source knowledge base with morphological, physiological and molecular information for 122 neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation. While such framework identifies all known neuron types in this system, their relative abundances remain largely unknown. This work quantitatively estimates the counts of all Hippocampome.org neuron types by literature mining and numerical optimization. We report the number of neurons in each type identified by main neurotransmitter (glutamate or GABA) and axonal-dendritic patterns throughout 26 subregions and layers of the dentate gyrus, Ammon's horn, subiculum and entorhinal cortex. We produce by sensitivity analysis reliable numerical ranges for each type and summarize the amounts across broad neuronal families defined by biomarkers expression and firing dynamics. Study of density distributions indicates that the number of dendritic-targeting interneurons, but not of other neuronal classes, is independent of anatomical volumes. All extracted values, experimental evidence and related software code are released on Hippocampome.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarojini M. Attili
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Keivan Moradi
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Diek W. Wheeler
- Bioengineering Department and Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Bioengineering Department and Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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70
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O’Hare JK, Gonzalez KC, Herrlinger SA, Hirabayashi Y, Hewitt VL, Blockus H, Szoboszlay M, Rolotti SV, Geiller TC, Negrean A, Chelur V, Polleux F, Losonczy A. Compartment-specific tuning of dendritic feature selectivity by intracellular Ca 2+ release. Science 2022; 375:eabm1670. [PMID: 35298275 PMCID: PMC9667905 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic calcium signaling is central to neural plasticity mechanisms that allow animals to adapt to the environment. Intracellular calcium release (ICR) from the endoplasmic reticulum has long been thought to shape these mechanisms. However, ICR has not been investigated in mammalian neurons in vivo. We combined electroporation of single CA1 pyramidal neurons, simultaneous imaging of dendritic and somatic activity during spatial navigation, optogenetic place field induction, and acute genetic augmentation of ICR cytosolic impact to reveal that ICR supports the establishment of dendritic feature selectivity and shapes integrative properties determining output-level receptive fields. This role for ICR was more prominent in apical than in basal dendrites. Thus, ICR cooperates with circuit-level architecture in vivo to promote the emergence of behaviorally relevant plasticity in a compartment-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K. O’Hare
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Kevin C. Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Herrlinger
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Yusuke Hirabayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victoria L. Hewitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Heike Blockus
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Miklos Szoboszlay
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Sebi V. Rolotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Tristan C. Geiller
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Adrian Negrean
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Vikas Chelur
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
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71
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Roque M, de Souza DAR, Rangel-Sosa MM, Altounian M, Hocine M, Deloulme JC, Barbier EL, Mann F, Chauvet S. VPS35 deficiency in the embryonic cortex leads to prenatal cell loss and abnormal development of axonal connectivity. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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72
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Tocco C, Øvsthus M, Bjaalie JG, Leergaard TB, Studer M. The topography of corticopontine projections is controlled by postmitotic expression of the area-mapping gene Nr2f1. Development 2022; 149:274658. [PMID: 35262177 PMCID: PMC8959144 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Axonal projections from layer V neurons of distinct neocortical areas are topographically organized into discrete clusters within the pontine nuclei during the establishment of voluntary movements. However, the molecular determinants controlling corticopontine connectivity are insufficiently understood. Here, we show that an intrinsic cortical genetic program driven by Nr2f1 graded expression is directly implicated in the organization of corticopontine topographic mapping. Transgenic mice lacking cortical expression of Nr2f1 and exhibiting areal organization defects were used as model systems to investigate the arrangement of corticopontine projections. By combining three-dimensional digital brain atlas tools, Cre-dependent mouse lines and axonal tracing, we show that Nr2f1 expression in postmitotic neurons spatially and temporally controls somatosensory topographic projections, whereas expression in progenitor cells influences the ratio between corticopontine and corticospinal fibres passing the pontine nuclei. We conclude that cortical gradients of area-patterning genes are directly implicated in the establishment of a topographic somatotopic mapping from the cortex onto pontine nuclei. Summary: Cortical gradient expression of the area patterning gene Nr2f1 spatially and temporally controls corticopontine topographic connectivity in layer V projection neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tocco
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice 06108, France
| | - Martin Øvsthus
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0317, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0317, Norway
| | - Trygve B Leergaard
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0317, Norway
| | - Michèle Studer
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice 06108, France
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73
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Grad M, Nir A, Levy G, Trangle SS, Shapira G, Shomron N, Assaf Y, Barak B. Altered White Matter and microRNA Expression in a Murine Model Related to Williams Syndrome Suggests That miR-34b/c Affects Brain Development via Ptpru and Dcx Modulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010158. [PMID: 35011720 PMCID: PMC8750756 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a de novo hemizygous deletion of ~26 genes from chromosome 7q11.23, among them the general transcription factor II-I (GTF2I). By studying a novel murine model for the hypersociability phenotype associated with WS, we previously revealed surprising aberrations in myelination and cell differentiation properties in the cortices of mutant mice compared to controls. These mutant mice had selective deletion of Gtf2i in the excitatory neurons of the forebrain. Here, we applied diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tracking, which showed a reduction in the number of streamlines in limbic outputs such as the fimbria/fornix fibers and the stria terminalis, as well as the corpus callosum of these mutant mice compared to controls. Furthermore, we utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of cortical small RNAs' expression (RNA-Seq) levels to identify altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), including two from the miR-34 cluster, known to be involved in prominent processes in the developing nervous system. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct binding of miR-34c-5p to the 3'UTR of PTPRU-a gene involved in neural development that was elevated in the cortices of mutant mice relative to controls. Moreover, we found an age-dependent variation in the expression levels of doublecortin (Dcx)-a verified miR-34 target. Thus, we demonstrate the substantial effect a single gene deletion can exert on miRNA regulation and brain structure, and advance our understanding and, hopefully, treatment of WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitar Grad
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Ariel Nir
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Gilad Levy
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Sari Schokoroy Trangle
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Guy Shapira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yaniv Assaf
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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74
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McLeod CM, Garrett AM. Mouse models for the study of clustered protocadherins. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 148:115-137. [PMID: 35461562 PMCID: PMC9152800 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Since their first description, the clustered protocadherins (cPcdhs) have sparked interest for their potential to generate diverse cell-surface recognition cues and their widespread expression in the nervous system. Through the use of mouse models, we have learned a great deal about the functions served by cPcdhs, and how their molecular diversity is regulated. cPcdhs are essential contributors to a host of processes during neural circuit formation, including neuronal survival, dendritic and axonal branching, self-avoidance and targeting, and synapse formation. Their expression is controlled by the interplay of epigenetic marks with proximal and distal elements involving high order DNA looping, regulating transcription factor binding. Here, we will review various mouse models targeting the cPcdh locus and how they have been instructive in uncovering the regulation and function of the cPcdhs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy M. McLeod
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Andrew M. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine,Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine
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75
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Mouse Lines with Cre-Mediated Recombination in Retinal Amacrine Cells. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0255-21.2021. [PMID: 35045975 PMCID: PMC8856716 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0255-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amacrine cells (ACs) are the most diverse neuronal cell type in the vertebrate retina. Yet little is known about the contribution of ACs to visual processing and retinal disease. A major challenge in evaluating AC function is genetic accessibility. A classic tool of mouse genetics, Cre-mediated recombination, can provide such access. We have screened existing genetically-modified mouse strains and identified multiple candidates that express Cre-recombinase in subsets of retinal ACs. The Cre-expressing mice were crossed to fluorescent-reporter mice to assay Cre expression. In addition, a Cre-dependent fluorescent reporter plasmid was electroporated into the subretinal space of Cre strains. Herein, we report three mouse lines (Tac1::IRES-cre, Camk2a-cre, and Scx-cre) that express Cre recombinase in sub-populations of ACs. In two of these lines, recombination occurred in multiple AC types and a small number of other retinal cell types, while recombination in the Camk2a-cre line appears specific to a morphologically distinct AC. We anticipate that these characterized mouse lines will be valuable tools to the community of researchers who study retinal biology and disease.
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76
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Dong T, Tejwani L, Jung Y, Kokubu H, Luttik K, Driessen TM, Lim J. Microglia regulate brain progranulin levels through the endocytosis/lysosomal pathway. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e136147. [PMID: 34618685 PMCID: PMC8663778 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in Granulin (GRN), which encodes the secreted glycoprotein progranulin (PGRN), are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and Alzheimer's disease. These genetic alterations manifest in pathological changes due to a reduction of PGRN expression; therefore, identifying factors that can modulate PGRN levels in vivo would enhance our understanding of PGRN in neurodegeneration and could reveal novel potential therapeutic targets. Here, we report that modulation of the endocytosis/lysosomal pathway via reduction of Nemo-like kinase (Nlk) in microglia, but not in neurons, can alter total brain Pgrn levels in mice. We demonstrate that Nlk reduction promotes Pgrn degradation by enhancing its trafficking through the endocytosis/lysosomal pathway, specifically in microglia. Furthermore, genetic interaction studies in mice showed that Nlk heterozygosity in Grn haploinsufficient mice further reduces Pgrn levels and induces neuropathological phenotypes associated with PGRN deficiency. Our results reveal a mechanism for Pgrn level regulation in the brain through the active catabolism by microglia and provide insights into the pathophysiology of PGRN-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leon Tejwani
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Youngseob Jung
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kokubu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly Luttik
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Terri M. Driessen
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Janghoo Lim
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, and
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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77
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Schmidt ERE, Zhao HT, Park JM, Dipoppa M, Monsalve-Mercado MM, Dahan JB, Rodgers CC, Lejeune A, Hillman EMC, Miller KD, Bruno RM, Polleux F. A human-specific modifier of cortical connectivity and circuit function. Nature 2021; 599:640-644. [PMID: 34707291 PMCID: PMC9161439 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive abilities that characterize humans are thought to emerge from unique features of the cortical circuit architecture of the human brain, which include increased cortico-cortical connectivity. However, the evolutionary origin of these changes in connectivity and how they affected cortical circuit function and behaviour are currently unknown. The human-specific gene duplication SRGAP2C emerged in the ancestral genome of the Homo lineage before the major phase of increase in brain size1,2. SRGAP2C expression in mice increases the density of excitatory and inhibitory synapses received by layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (PNs)3-5. Here we show that the increased number of excitatory synapses received by layer 2/3 PNs induced by SRGAP2C expression originates from a specific increase in local and long-range cortico-cortical connections. Mice humanized for SRGAP2C expression in all cortical PNs displayed a shift in the fraction of layer 2/3 PNs activated by sensory stimulation and an enhanced ability to learn a cortex-dependent sensory-discrimination task. Computational modelling revealed that the increased layer 4 to layer 2/3 connectivity induced by SRGAP2C expression explains some of the key changes in sensory coding properties. These results suggest that the emergence of SRGAP2C at the birth of the Homo lineage contributed to the evolution of specific structural and functional features of cortical circuits in the human cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud R E Schmidt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hanzhi T Zhao
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jung M Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario Dipoppa
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro M Monsalve-Mercado
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob B Dahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris C Rodgers
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amélie Lejeune
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth D Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy M Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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78
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Blockus H, Rolotti SV, Szoboszlay M, Peze-Heidsieck E, Ming T, Schroeder A, Apostolo N, Vennekens KM, Katsamba PS, Bahna F, Mannepalli S, Ahlsen G, Honig B, Shapiro L, de Wit J, Losonczy A, Polleux F. Synaptogenic activity of the axon guidance molecule Robo2 underlies hippocampal circuit function. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109828. [PMID: 34686348 PMCID: PMC8605498 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic connectivity within adult circuits exhibits a remarkable degree of cellular and subcellular specificity. We report that the axon guidance receptor Robo2 plays a role in establishing synaptic specificity in hippocampal CA1. In vivo, Robo2 is present and required postsynaptically in CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) for the formation of excitatory (E) but not inhibitory (I) synapses, specifically in proximal but not distal dendritic compartments. In vitro approaches show that the synaptogenic activity of Robo2 involves a trans-synaptic interaction with presynaptic Neurexins, as well as binding to its canonical extracellular ligand Slit. In vivo 2-photon Ca2+ imaging of CA1 PNs during spatial navigation in awake behaving mice shows that preventing Robo2-dependent excitatory synapse formation cell autonomously during development alters place cell properties of adult CA1 PNs. Our results identify a trans-synaptic complex linking the establishment of synaptic specificity to circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Blockus
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sebi V Rolotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Miklos Szoboszlay
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eugénie Peze-Heidsieck
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tiffany Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Anna Schroeder
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nuno Apostolo
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristel M Vennekens
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Seetha Mannepalli
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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79
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Krupa O, Fragola G, Hadden-Ford E, Mory JT, Liu T, Humphrey Z, Rees BW, Krishnamurthy A, Snider WD, Zylka MJ, Wu G, Xing L, Stein JL. NuMorph: Tools for cortical cellular phenotyping in tissue-cleared whole-brain images. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109802. [PMID: 34644582 PMCID: PMC8530274 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-clearing methods allow every cell in the mouse brain to be imaged without physical sectioning. However, the computational tools currently available for cell quantification in cleared tissue images have been limited to counting sparse cell populations in stereotypical mice. Here, we introduce NuMorph, a group of analysis tools to quantify all nuclei and nuclear markers within the mouse cortex after clearing and imaging by light-sheet microscopy. We apply NuMorph to investigate two distinct mouse models: a Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) model with severe neurodegenerative deficits and a Neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) model with a more subtle brain overgrowth phenotype. In each case, we identify differential effects of gene deletion on individual cell-type counts and distribution across cortical regions that manifest as alterations of gross brain morphology. These results underline the value of whole-brain imaging approaches, and the tools are widely applicable for studying brain structure phenotypes at cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Krupa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Giulia Fragola
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ellie Hadden-Ford
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica T Mory
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tianyi Liu
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zachary Humphrey
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Benjamin W Rees
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ashok Krishnamurthy
- Renaissance Computing Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William D Snider
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark J Zylka
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Guorong Wu
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Lei Xing
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jason L Stein
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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80
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Developmental HCN channelopathy results in decreased neural progenitor proliferation and microcephaly in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009393118. [PMID: 34429357 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009393118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the cerebral cortex relies on the controlled division of neural stem and progenitor cells. The requirement for precise spatiotemporal control of proliferation and cell fate places a high demand on the cell division machinery, and defective cell division can cause microcephaly and other brain malformations. Cell-extrinsic and -intrinsic factors govern the capacity of cortical progenitors to produce large numbers of neurons and glia within a short developmental time window. In particular, ion channels shape the intrinsic biophysical properties of precursor cells and neurons and control their membrane potential throughout the cell cycle. We found that hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channel subunits are expressed in mouse, rat, and human neural progenitors. Loss of HCN channel function in rat neural stem cells impaired their proliferation by affecting the cell-cycle progression, causing G1 accumulation and dysregulation of genes associated with human microcephaly. Transgene-mediated, dominant-negative loss of HCN channel function in the embryonic mouse telencephalon resulted in pronounced microcephaly. Together, our findings suggest a role for HCN channel subunits as a part of a general mechanism influencing cortical development in mammals.
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81
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Fernandez Garcia-Agudo L, Steixner-Kumar AA, Curto Y, Barnkothe N, Hassouna I, Jähne S, Butt UJ, Grewe K, Weber MS, Green K, Rizzoli S, Nacher J, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Brain erythropoietin fine-tunes a counterbalance between neurodifferentiation and microglia in the adult hippocampus. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109548. [PMID: 34433021 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult cornu ammonis hippocampi, erythropoietin (EPO) expression drives the differentiation of new neurons, independent of DNA synthesis, and increases dendritic spine density. This substantial brain hardware upgrade is part of a regulatory circle: during motor-cognitive challenge, neurons experience "functional" hypoxia, triggering neuronal EPO production, which in turn promotes improved performance. Here, we show an unexpected involvement of resident microglia. During EPO upregulation and stimulated neurodifferentiation, either by functional or inspiratory hypoxia, microglia numbers decrease. Treating mice with recombinant human (rh)EPO or exposure to hypoxia recapitulates these changes and reveals the involvement of neuronally expressed IL-34 and microglial CSF1R. Surprisingly, EPO affects microglia in phases, initially by inducing apoptosis, later by reducing proliferation, and overall dampens microglia activity and metabolism, as verified by selective genetic targeting of either the microglial or pyramidal neuronal EPO receptor. We suggest that during accelerating neuronal differentiation, EPO acts as regulator of the CSF1R-dependent microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes A Steixner-Kumar
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yasmina Curto
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Barnkothe
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Imam Hassouna
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jähne
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Umer Javed Butt
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Grewe
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology and Department of Neurology, UMG, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kim Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Silvio Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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Medeiros de Araújo JA, Barão S, Mateos-White I, Espinosa A, Costa MR, Gil-Sanz C, Müller U. ZBTB20 is crucial for the specification of a subset of callosal projection neurons and astrocytes in the mammalian neocortex. Development 2021; 148:271200. [PMID: 34351428 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neocortical progenitor cells generate subtypes of excitatory projection neurons in sequential order followed by the generation of astrocytes. The transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 20 (ZBTB20) has been implicated in regulation of cell specification during neocortical development. Here, we show that ZBTB20 instructs the generation of a subset of callosal projections neurons in cortical layers II/III in mouse. Conditional deletion of Zbtb20 in cortical progenitors, and to a lesser degree in differentiating neurons, leads to an increase in the number of layer IV neurons at the expense of layer II/III neurons. Astrogliogenesis is also affected in the mutants with an increase in the number of a specific subset of astrocytes expressing GFAP. Astrogliogenesis is more severely disrupted by a ZBTB20 protein containing dominant mutations linked to Primrose syndrome, suggesting that ZBTB20 acts in concert with other ZBTB proteins that were also affected by the dominant-negative protein to instruct astrogliogenesis. Overall, our data suggest that ZBTB20 acts both in progenitors and in postmitotic cells to regulate cell fate specification in the mammalian neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Alves Medeiros de Araújo
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Soraia Barão
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Isabel Mateos-White
- BIOTECMED Institute, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- AntalGenics, Quorum Building III, Scientific Park - UMH. Avda. de la Universidad, s/n. 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Marcos Romualdo Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59056-450, Brazil.,Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille Cedex 59019, France
| | - Cristina Gil-Sanz
- BIOTECMED Institute, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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83
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Pal S, Dwivedi D, Pramanik T, Godbole G, Iwasato T, Jabaudon D, Bhalla US, Tole S. An Early Cortical Progenitor-Specific Mechanism Regulates Thalamocortical Innervation. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6822-6835. [PMID: 34193558 PMCID: PMC8360687 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0226-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortical subplate is critical in regulating the entry of thalamocortical sensory afferents into the cortex. These afferents reach the subplate at embryonic day (E)15.5 in the mouse, but "wait" for several days, entering the cortical plate postnatally. We report that when transcription factor LHX2 is lost in E11.5 cortical progenitors, which give rise to subplate neurons, thalamocortical afferents display premature, exuberant ingrowth into the E15.5 cortex. Embryonic mutant subplate neurons are correctly positioned below the cortical plate, but they display an altered transcriptome and immature electrophysiological properties during the waiting period. The sensory thalamus in these cortex-specific Lhx2 mutants displays atrophy and by postnatal day (P) 7, sensory innervation to the cortex is nearly eliminated leading to a loss of the somatosensory barrels. Strikingly, these phenotypes do not manifest if LHX2 is lost in postmitotic subplate neurons, and the transcriptomic dysregulation in the subplate resulting from postmitotic loss of LHX2 is vastly distinct from that seen when LHX2 is lost in progenitors. These results demonstrate a mechanism operating in subplate progenitors that has profound consequences on the growth of thalamocortical axons into the cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Thalamocortical nerves carry sensory information from the periphery to the cortex. When they first grow into the embryonic cortex, they "wait" at the subplate, a structure critical for the guidance and eventual connectivity of thalamic axons with their cortical targets. How the properties of subplate neurons are regulated is unclear. We report that transcription factor LHX2 is required in the progenitor "mother" cells of the cortical primordium when they are producing their "daughter" subplate neurons, in order for the thalamocortical pathway to wait at the subplate. Without LHX2 function in subplate progenitors, thalamocortical axons grow past the subplate, entering the cortical plate prematurely. This is followed by their eventual attrition and, consequently, a profound loss of sensory innervation of the mature cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Deepanjali Dwivedi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560001, India
| | - Tuli Pramanik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Geeta Godbole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Denis Jabaudon
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Upinder S Bhalla
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560001, India
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
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84
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Fulton RE, Pearson-Smith JN, Huynh CQ, Fabisiak T, Liang LP, Aivazidis S, High BA, Buscaglia G, Corrigan T, Valdez R, Shimizu T, Patel MN. Neuron-specific mitochondrial oxidative stress results in epilepsy, glucose dysregulation and a striking astrocyte response. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105470. [PMID: 34371143 PMCID: PMC8939287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial superoxide (O2-) production is implicated in aging, neurodegenerative disease, and most recently epilepsy. Yet the specific contribution of neuronal O2- to these phenomena is unclear. Here, we selectively deleted superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) in neuronal basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (NEX)-expressing cells restricting deletion to a subset of excitatory principle neurons primarily in the forebrain (cortex and hippocampus). This resulted in nSOD2 KO mice that lived into adulthood (2-3 months) with epilepsy, selective loss of neurons, metabolic rewiring and a marked mitohormetic gene response. Surprisingly, expression of an astrocytic gene, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was significantly increased relative to WT. Further studies in rat primary neuron-glial cultures showed that increased mitochondrial O2-, specifically in neurons, was sufficient to upregulate GFAP. These results suggest that neuron-specific mitochondrial O2- is sufficient to drive a complex and catastrophic epileptic phenotype and highlights the ability of SOD2 to act in a cell-nonautonomous manner to influence an astrocytic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer N Pearson-Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher Q Huynh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy Fabisiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefanos Aivazidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brigit A High
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Georgia Buscaglia
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy Corrigan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert Valdez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Manisha N Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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85
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Miller DS, Wright KM. Neuronal Dystroglycan regulates postnatal development of CCK/cannabinoid receptor-1 interneurons. Neural Dev 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 34362433 PMCID: PMC8349015 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-021-00153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of functional neural circuits requires the precise formation of synaptic connections between diverse neuronal populations. The molecular pathways that allow GABAergic interneuron subtypes in the mammalian brain to initially recognize their postsynaptic partners remain largely unknown. The transmembrane glycoprotein Dystroglycan is localized to inhibitory synapses in pyramidal neurons, where it is required for the proper function of CCK+ interneurons. However, the precise temporal requirement for Dystroglycan during inhibitory synapse development has not been examined. Methods In this study, we use NEXCre or Camk2aCreERT2 to conditionally delete Dystroglycan from newly-born or adult pyramidal neurons, respectively. We then analyze forebrain development from postnatal day 3 through adulthood, with a particular focus on CCK+ interneurons. Results In the absence of postsynaptic Dystroglycan in developing pyramidal neurons, presynaptic CCK+ interneurons fail to elaborate their axons and largely disappear from the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and olfactory bulb during the first two postnatal weeks. Other interneuron subtypes are unaffected, indicating that CCK+ interneurons are unique in their requirement for postsynaptic Dystroglycan. Dystroglycan does not appear to be required in adult pyramidal neurons to maintain CCK+ interneurons. Bax deletion did not rescue CCK+ interneurons in Dystroglycan mutants during development, suggesting that they are not eliminated by canonical apoptosis. Rather, we observed increased innervation of the striatum, suggesting that the few remaining CCK+ interneurons re-directed their axons to neighboring areas where Dystroglycan expression remained intact. Conclusion Together these findings show that Dystroglycan functions as part of a synaptic partner recognition complex that is required early for CCK+ interneuron development in the forebrain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13064-021-00153-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Miller
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, VIB 3435A, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L474, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.
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86
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Zhao Y, Tang F, Lee D, Xiong WC. Expression of Low Level of VPS35-mCherry Fusion Protein Diminishes Vps35 Depletion Induced Neuron Terminal Differentiation Deficits and Neurodegenerative Pathology, and Prevents Neonatal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8394. [PMID: 34445101 PMCID: PMC8395035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vps35 (vacuolar protein sorting 35) is a key component of retromer that consists of Vps35, Vps26, and Vps29 trimers, and sortin nexin dimers. Dysfunctional Vps35/retromer is believed to be a risk factor for development of various neurodegenerative diseases. Vps35Neurod6 mice, which selectively knock out Vps35 in Neurod6-Cre+ pyramidal neurons, exhibit age-dependent impairments in terminal differentiation of dendrites and axons of cortical and hippocampal neurons, neuro-degenerative pathology (i.e., increases in P62 and Tdp43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) proteins, cell death, and reactive gliosis), and neonatal death. The relationships among these phenotypes and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we provide evidence that expression of low level of VPS35-mCherry fusion protein in Vps35Neurod6 mice could diminish the phenotypes in an age-dependent manner. Specifically, we have generated a conditional transgenic mouse line, LSL-Vps35-mCherry, which expresses VPS35-mCherry fusion protein in a Cre-dependent manner. Crossing LSL-Vps35-mCherry with Vps35Neurod6 to obtain TgVPS35-mCherry, Vps35Neurod6 mice prevent the neonatal death and diminish the dendritic morphogenesis deficit and gliosis at the neonatal, but not the adult age. Further studies revealed that the Vps35-mCherry transgene expression was low, and the level of Vps35 mRNA comprised only ~5-7% of the Vps35 mRNA of control mice. Such low level of VPS35-mCherry could restore the amount of other retromer components (Vps26a and Vps29) at the neonatal age (P14). Importantly, the neurodegenerative pathology presented in the survived adult TgVps35-mCherry; Vps35Neurod6 mice. These results demonstrate the sufficiency of low level of VPS35-mCherry fusion protein to diminish the phenotypes in Vps35Neurod6 mice at the neonatal age, verifying a key role of neuronal Vps35 in stabilizing retromer complex proteins, and supporting the view for Vps35 as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Fulei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.L.)
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87
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Karapinar R, Schwitalla JC, Eickelbeck D, Pakusch J, Mücher B, Grömmke M, Surdin T, Knöpfel T, Mark MD, Siveke I, Herlitze S. Reverse optogenetics of G protein signaling by zebrafish non-visual opsin Opn7b for synchronization of neuronal networks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4488. [PMID: 34301944 PMCID: PMC8302595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opn7b is a non-visual G protein-coupled receptor expressed in zebrafish. Here we find that Opn7b expressed in HEK cells constitutively activates the Gi/o pathway and illumination with blue/green light inactivates G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels. This suggests that light acts as an inverse agonist for Opn7b and can be used as an optogenetic tool to inhibit neuronal networks in the dark and interrupt constitutive inhibition in the light. Consistent with this prediction, illumination of recombinant expressed Opn7b in cortical pyramidal cells results in increased neuronal activity. In awake mice, light stimulation of Opn7b expressed in pyramidal cells of somatosensory cortex reliably induces generalized epileptiform activity within a short (<10 s) delay after onset of stimulation. Our study demonstrates a reversed mechanism for G protein-coupled receptor control and Opn7b as a tool for controlling neural circuit properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Karapinar
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Laboratory of Optogenetics and Circuit Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Dennis Eickelbeck
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Laboratory of Optogenetics and Circuit Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Johanna Pakusch
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brix Mücher
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michelle Grömmke
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tatjana Surdin
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Laboratory of Optogenetics and Circuit Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie D Mark
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Ida Siveke
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK/DKFZ), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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88
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Differential Expression Levels of Sox9 in Early Neocortical Radial Glial Cells Regulate the Decision between Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6969-6986. [PMID: 34266896 PMCID: PMC8372026 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2905-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial glial progenitor cells (RGCs) in the dorsal telencephalon directly or indirectly produce excitatory projection neurons and macroglia of the neocortex. Recent evidence shows that the pool of RGCs is more heterogeneous than originally thought and that progenitor subpopulations can generate particular neuronal cell types. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we have studied gene expression patterns of RGCs with different neurogenic behavior at early stages of cortical development. At this early age, some RGCs rapidly produce postmitotic neurons, whereas others self-renew and undergo neurogenic divisions at a later age. We have identified candidate genes that are differentially expressed among these early RGC subpopulations, including the transcription factor Sox9. Using in utero electroporation in embryonic mice of either sex, we demonstrate that elevated Sox9 expression in progenitors affects RGC cell cycle duration and leads to the generation of upper layer cortical neurons. Our data thus reveal molecular differences between progenitor cells with different neurogenic behavior at early stages of corticogenesis and indicates that Sox9 is critical for the maintenance of RGCs to regulate the generation of upper layer neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The existence of heterogeneity in the pool of RGCs and its relationship with the generation of cellular diversity in the cerebral cortex has been an interesting topic of debate for many years. Here we describe the existence of RGCs with reduced neurogenic behavior at early embryonic ages presenting a particular molecular signature. This molecular signature consists of differential expression of some genes including the transcription factor Sox9, which has been found to be a specific regulator of this subpopulation of progenitor cells. Functional experiments perturbing expression levels of Sox9 reveal its instructive role in the regulation of the neurogenic behavior of RGCs and its relationship with the generation of upper layer projection neurons at later ages.
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89
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Grimes WN, Aytürk DG, Hoon M, Yoshimatsu T, Gamlin C, Carrera D, Nath A, Nadal-Nicolás FM, Ahlquist RM, Sabnis A, Berson DM, Diamond JS, Wong RO, Cepko C, Rieke F. A High-Density Narrow-Field Inhibitory Retinal Interneuron with Direct Coupling to Müller Glia. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6018-6037. [PMID: 34083252 PMCID: PMC8276741 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0199-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amacrine cells are interneurons composing the most diverse cell class in the mammalian retina. They help encode visual features, such as edges or directed motion, by mediating excitatory and inhibitory interactions between input (i.e., bipolar) and output (i.e., ganglion) neurons in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Like other brain regions, the retina also contains glial cells that contribute to neurotransmitter uptake, metabolic regulation, and neurovascular control. Here, we report that, in mouse retina (of either sex), an abundant, though previously unstudied inhibitory amacrine cell is coupled directly to Müller glia. Electron microscopic reconstructions of this amacrine type revealed chemical synapses with known retinal cell types and extensive associations with Müller glia, the processes of which often completely ensheathe the neurites of this amacrine cell. Microinjecting small tracer molecules into the somas of these amacrine cells led to selective labeling of nearby Müller glia, leading us to suggest the name "Müller glia-coupled amacrine cell," or MAC. Our data also indicate that MACs release glycine at conventional chemical synapses, and viral retrograde transsynaptic tracing from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus showed selective connections between MACs and a subpopulation of retinal ganglion cell types. Visually evoked responses revealed a strong preference for light increments; these "ON" responses were primarily mediated by excitatory chemical synaptic input and direct electrical coupling with other cells. This initial characterization of the MAC provides the first evidence for neuron-glia coupling in the mammalian retina and identifies the MAC as a potential link between inhibitory processing and glial function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Gap junctions between pairs of neurons or glial cells are commonly found throughout the nervous system and play multiple roles, including electrical coupling and metabolic exchange. In contrast, gap junctions between neurons and glia cells have rarely been reported and are poorly understood. Here we report the first evidence for neuron-glia coupling in the mammalian retina, specifically between an abundant (but previously unstudied) inhibitory interneuron and Müller glia. Moreover, viral tracing, optogenetics, and serial electron microscopy provide new information about the neuron's synaptic partners and physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Grimes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Didem Göz Aytürk
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mrinalini Hoon
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Clare Gamlin
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Daniel Carrera
- National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Amurta Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Francisco M Nadal-Nicolás
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Richard M Ahlquist
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Adit Sabnis
- National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David M Berson
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Jeffrey S Diamond
- National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Rachel O Wong
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Connie Cepko
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Fred Rieke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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90
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Bastioli G, Regoni M, Cazzaniga F, De Luca CMG, Bistaffa E, Zanetti L, Moda F, Valtorta F, Sassone J. Animal Models of Autosomal Recessive Parkinsonism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070812. [PMID: 34356877 PMCID: PMC8301401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. The neuropathological hallmark of the disease is the loss of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The clinical manifestations of PD are bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremors and postural instability. PD patients often display non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, weakness, sleep disturbances and cognitive disorders. Although, in 90% of cases, PD has a sporadic onset of unknown etiology, highly penetrant rare genetic mutations in many genes have been linked with typical familial PD. Understanding the mechanisms behind the DA neuron death in these Mendelian forms may help to illuminate the pathogenesis of DA neuron degeneration in the more common forms of PD. A key step in the identification of the molecular pathways underlying DA neuron death, and in the development of therapeutic strategies, is the creation and characterization of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease. In this review, we outline the current status of PD modeling using mouse, rat and non-mammalian models, focusing on animal models for autosomal recessive PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Bastioli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Cazzaniga
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bistaffa
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Letizia Zanetti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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91
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Gilet JG, Ivanova EL, Trofimova D, Rudolf G, Meziane H, Broix L, Drouot N, Courraud J, Skory V, Voulleminot P, Osipenko M, Bahi-Buisson N, Yalcin B, Birling MC, Hinckelmann MV, Kwok BH, Allingham JS, Chelly J. Conditional switching of KIF2A mutation provides new insights into cortical malformation pathogeny. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:766-784. [PMID: 31919497 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By using the Cre-mediated genetic switch technology, we were able to successfully generate a conditional knock-in mouse, bearing the KIF2A p.His321Asp missense point variant, identified in a subject with malformations of cortical development. These mice present with neuroanatomical anomalies and microcephaly associated with behavioral deficiencies and susceptibility to epilepsy, correlating with the described human phenotype. Using the flexibility of this model, we investigated RosaCre-, NestinCre- and NexCre-driven expression of the mutation to dissect the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental cortical abnormalities. We show that the expression of the p.His321Asp pathogenic variant increases apoptosis and causes abnormal multipolar to bipolar transition in newborn neurons, providing therefore insights to better understand cortical organization and brain growth defects that characterize KIF2A-related human disorders. We further demonstrate that the observed cellular phenotypes are likely to be linked to deficiency in the microtubule depolymerizing function of KIF2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan G Gilet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Ekaterina L Ivanova
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Daria Trofimova
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Hamid Meziane
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Loic Broix
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Jeremie Courraud
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Valerie Skory
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Voulleminot
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Osipenko
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Maria-Victoria Hinckelmann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Département de médecine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Service de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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92
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Epifanova E, Salina V, Lajkó D, Textoris-Taube K, Naumann T, Bormuth O, Bormuth I, Horan S, Schaub T, Borisova E, Ambrozkiewicz MC, Tarabykin V, Rosário M. Adhesion dynamics in the neocortex determine the start of migration and the post-migratory orientation of neurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf1973. [PMID: 34215578 PMCID: PMC11060048 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The neocortex is stereotypically organized into layers of excitatory neurons arranged in a precise parallel orientation. Here we show that dynamic adhesion both preceding and following radial migration is essential for this organization. Neuronal adhesion is regulated by the Mowat-Wilson syndrome-associated transcription factor Zeb2 (Sip1/Zfhx1b) through direct repression of independent adhesion pathways controlled by Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) and Cadherin-6 (Cdh6). We reveal that to initiate radial migration, neurons must first suppress adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Zeb2 regulates the multipolar stage by transcriptional repression of Nrp1 and thereby downstream inhibition of integrin signaling. Upon completion of migration, neurons undergo an orientation process that is independent of migration. The parallel organization of neurons within the neocortex is controlled by Cdh6 through atypical regulation of integrin signaling via its RGD motif. Our data shed light on the mechanisms that regulate initiation of radial migration and the postmigratory orientation of neurons during neocortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Epifanova
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valentina Salina
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Lajkó
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Textoris-Taube
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Core Facility High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Naumann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Functional Neuroanatomy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Bormuth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Bormuth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen Horan
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theres Schaub
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Borisova
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Mateusz C Ambrozkiewicz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Marta Rosário
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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93
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Cousin MA, Creighton BA, Breau KA, Spillmann RC, Torti E, Dontu S, Tripathi S, Ajit D, Edwards RJ, Afriyie S, Bay JC, Harper KM, Beltran AA, Munoz LJ, Falcon Rodriguez L, Stankewich MC, Person RE, Si Y, Normand EA, Blevins A, May AS, Bier L, Aggarwal V, Mancini GMS, van Slegtenhorst MA, Cremer K, Becker J, Engels H, Aretz S, MacKenzie JJ, Brilstra E, van Gassen KLI, van Jaarsveld RH, Oegema R, Parsons GM, Mark P, Helbig I, McKeown SE, Stratton R, Cogne B, Isidor B, Cacheiro P, Smedley D, Firth HV, Bierhals T, Kloth K, Weiss D, Fairley C, Shieh JT, Kritzer A, Jayakar P, Kurtz-Nelson E, Bernier RA, Wang T, Eichler EE, van de Laar IMBH, McConkie-Rosell A, McDonald MT, Kemppainen J, Lanpher BC, Schultz-Rogers LE, Gunderson LB, Pichurin PN, Yoon G, Zech M, Jech R, Winkelmann J, Beltran AS, Zimmermann MT, Temple B, Moy SS, Klee EW, Tan QKG, Lorenzo DN. Pathogenic SPTBN1 variants cause an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental syndrome. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1006-1021. [PMID: 34211179 PMCID: PMC8273149 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SPTBN1 encodes βII-spectrin, the ubiquitously expressed β-spectrin that forms micrometer-scale networks associated with plasma membranes. Mice deficient in neuronal βII-spectrin have defects in cortical organization, developmental delay and behavioral deficiencies. These phenotypes, while less severe, are observed in haploinsufficient animals, suggesting that individuals carrying heterozygous SPTBN1 variants may also show measurable compromise of neural development and function. Here we identify heterozygous SPTBN1 variants in 29 individuals with developmental, language and motor delays; mild to severe intellectual disability; autistic features; seizures; behavioral and movement abnormalities; hypotonia; and variable dysmorphic facial features. We show that these SPTBN1 variants lead to effects that affect βII-spectrin stability, disrupt binding to key molecular partners, and disturb cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. Our studies define SPTBN1 variants as the genetic basis of a neurodevelopmental syndrome, expand the set of spectrinopathies affecting the brain and underscore the critical role of βII-spectrin in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot A Cousin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Blake A Creighton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Spillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sruthi Dontu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Swarnendu Tripathi
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Deepa Ajit
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Reginald J Edwards
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Simone Afriyie
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julia C Bay
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn M Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alvaro A Beltran
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lorena J Munoz
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liset Falcon Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Yue Si
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Alison S May
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Bier
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vimla Aggarwal
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Personalized Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kirsten Cremer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hartmut Engels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Aretz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Eva Brilstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Mark
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E McKeown
- Division of Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Stratton
- Genetics, Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Pilar Cacheiro
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Damian Smedley
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tatjana Bierhals
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katja Kloth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Deike Weiss
- Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Fairley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy Kritzer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Evangeline Kurtz-Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ingrid M B H van de Laar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Allyn McConkie-Rosell
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marie T McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Kemppainen
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brendan C Lanpher
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura E Schultz-Rogers
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lauren B Gunderson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pavel N Pichurin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grace Yoon
- Divisions of Clinical/Metabolic Genetics and Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brenda Temple
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Queenie K-G Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Damaris N Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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94
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Ellingford RA, Panasiuk MJ, de Meritens ER, Shaunak R, Naybour L, Browne L, Basson MA, Andreae LC. Cell-type-specific synaptic imbalance and disrupted homeostatic plasticity in cortical circuits of ASD-associated Chd8 haploinsufficient mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3614-3624. [PMID: 33837267 PMCID: PMC8505247 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutation of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (CHD8) is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and results in dysregulated expression of neurodevelopmental and synaptic genes during brain development. To reveal how these changes affect ASD-associated cortical circuits, we studied synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex of a haploinsufficient Chd8 mouse model. We report profound alterations to both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission onto deep layer projection neurons, resulting in a reduced excitatory:inhibitory balance, which were found to vary dynamically across neurodevelopment and result from distinct effects of reduced Chd8 expression within individual neuronal subtypes. These changes were associated with disrupted regulation of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms operating via spontaneous neurotransmission. These findings therefore directly implicate CHD8 mutation in the disruption of ASD-relevant circuits in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Ellingford
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martyna J Panasiuk
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emilie Rabesahala de Meritens
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Raghav Shaunak
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Liam Naybour
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lorcan Browne
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Laura C Andreae
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
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95
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Tsyporin J, Tastad D, Ma X, Nehme A, Finn T, Huebner L, Liu G, Gallardo D, Makhamreh A, Roberts JM, Katzman S, Sestan N, McConnell SK, Yang Z, Qiu S, Chen B. Transcriptional repression by FEZF2 restricts alternative identities of cortical projection neurons. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109269. [PMID: 34161768 PMCID: PMC8327856 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Projection neuron subtype identities in the cerebral cortex are established by expressing pan-cortical and subtype-specific effector genes that execute terminal differentiation programs bestowing neurons with a glutamatergic neuron phenotype and subtype-specific morphology, physiology, and axonal projections. Whether pan-cortical glutamatergic and subtype-specific characteristics are regulated by the same genes or controlled by distinct programs remains largely unknown. Here, we show that FEZF2 functions as a transcriptional repressor, and it regulates subtype-specific identities of both corticothalamic and subcerebral neurons by selectively repressing expression of genes inappropriate for each neuronal subtype. We report that TLE4, specifically expressed in layer 6 corticothalamic neurons, is recruited by FEZF2 to inhibit layer 5 subcerebral neuronal genes. Together with previous studies, our results indicate that a cortical glutamatergic identity is specified by multiple parallel pathways active in progenitor cells, whereas projection neuron subtype-specific identity is achieved through selectively repressing genes associated with alternate identities in differentiating neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Tsyporin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - David Tastad
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Antoine Nehme
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Thomas Finn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Liora Huebner
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Guoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Daisy Gallardo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Amr Makhamreh
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Roberts
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Solomon Katzman
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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96
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Sridharan PS, Lu Y, Rice RC, Pieper AA, Rajadhyaksha AM. Loss of Cav1.2 channels impairs hippocampal theta burst stimulation-induced long-term potentiation. Channels (Austin) 2021; 14:287-293. [PMID: 32799605 PMCID: PMC7515572 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1807851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CACNA1 C, which codes for the Cav1.2 isoform of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), is a prominent risk gene in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. A role forLTCCs, and Cav1.2 in particular, in transcription-dependent late long-term potentiation (LTP) has long been known. Here, we report that elimination of Cav1.2 channels in glutamatergic neurons also impairs theta burst stimulation (TBS)-induced LTP in the hippocampus, known to be transcription-independent and dependent on N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and local protein synthesis at synapses. Our expansion of the established role of Cav1.2channels in LTP broadens understanding of synaptic plasticity and identifies a new cellular phenotype for exploring treatment strategies for cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethy S Sridharan
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard C Rice
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA, USA.,Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind and Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
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97
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FoxG1 regulates the formation of cortical GABAergic circuit during an early postnatal critical period resulting in autism spectrum disorder-like phenotypes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3773. [PMID: 34145239 PMCID: PMC8213811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in GABAergic inhibitory circuits have been implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Several genes have been associated with syndromic forms of ASD, including FOXG1. However, when and how dysregulation of FOXG1 can result in defects in inhibitory circuit development and ASD-like social impairments is unclear. Here, we show that increased or decreased FoxG1 expression in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons results in ASD-related circuit and social behavior deficits in our mouse models. We observe that the second postnatal week is the critical period when regulation of FoxG1 expression is required to prevent subsequent ASD-like social impairments. Transplantation of GABAergic precursor cells prior to this critical period and reduction in GABAergic tone via Gad2 mutation ameliorates and exacerbates circuit functionality and social behavioral defects, respectively. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the developmental timing of inhibitory circuit formation underlying ASD-like phenotypes in mouse models. Cortical excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance is a feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, the authors show that FoxG1 regulates the formation of cortical GABAergic circuits affecting social behaviour during a specific postnatal time window in mouse models of ASD.
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98
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Sokpor G, Kerimoglu C, Nguyen H, Pham L, Rosenbusch J, Wagener R, Nguyen HP, Fischer A, Staiger JF, Tuoc T. Loss of BAF Complex in Developing Cortex Perturbs Radial Neuronal Migration in a WNT Signaling-Dependent Manner. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:687581. [PMID: 34220450 PMCID: PMC8243374 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.687581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial neuronal migration is a key neurodevelopmental event indispensable for proper cortical laminar organization. Cortical neurons mainly use glial fiber guides, cell adhesion dynamics, and cytoskeletal remodeling, among other discrete processes, to radially trek from their birthplace to final layer positions. Dysregulated radial migration can engender cortical mis-lamination, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. Epigenetic factors, including chromatin remodelers have emerged as formidable regulators of corticogenesis. Notably, the chromatin remodeler BAF complex has been shown to regulate several aspects of cortical histogenesis. Nonetheless, our understanding of how BAF complex regulates neuronal migration is limited. Here, we report that BAF complex is required for neuron migration during cortical development. Ablation of BAF complex in the developing mouse cortex caused alteration in the cortical gene expression program, leading to loss of radial migration-related factors critical for proper cortical layer formation. Of note, BAF complex inactivation in cortex caused defective neuronal polarization resulting in diminished multipolar-to-bipolar transition and eventual disruption of radial migration of cortical neurons. The abnormal radial migration and cortical mis-lamination can be partly rescued by downregulating WNT signaling hyperactivity in the BAF complex mutant cortex. By implication, the BAF complex modulates WNT signaling to establish the gene expression program required for glial fiber-dependent neuronal migration, and cortical lamination. Overall, BAF complex has been identified to be crucial for cortical morphogenesis through instructing multiple aspects of radial neuronal migration in a WNT signaling-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Sokpor
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cemil Kerimoglu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Huong Nguyen
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Linh Pham
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joachim Rosenbusch
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robin Wagener
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurooncology Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tran Tuoc
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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99
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Suciu SK, Long AB, Caspary T. Smoothened and ARL13B are critical in mouse for superior cerebellar peduncle targeting. Genetics 2021; 218:6300527. [PMID: 34132778 PMCID: PMC8864748 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with the ciliopathy Joubert syndrome present with physical anomalies, intellectual disability, and a hindbrain malformation described as the "molar tooth sign" due to its appearance on an MRI. This radiological abnormality results from a combination of hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and inappropriate targeting of the white matter tracts of the superior cerebellar peduncles. ARL13B is a cilia-enriched regulatory GTPase established to regulate cell fate, cell proliferation, and axon guidance through vertebrate Hedgehog signaling. In patients, mutations in ARL13B cause Joubert syndrome. To understand the etiology of the molar tooth sign, we used mouse models to investigate the role of ARL13B during cerebellar development. We found that ARL13B regulates superior cerebellar peduncle targeting and these fiber tracts require Hedgehog signaling for proper guidance. However, in mouse, the Joubert-causing R79Q mutation in ARL13B does not disrupt Hedgehog signaling nor does it impact tract targeting. We found a small cerebellar vermis in mice lacking ARL13B function but no cerebellar vermis hypoplasia in mice expressing the Joubert-causing R79Q mutation. In addition, mice expressing a cilia-excluded variant of ARL13B that transduces Hedgehog normally showed normal tract targeting and vermis width. Taken together, our data indicate that ARL13B is critical for the control of cerebellar vermis width as well as superior cerebellar peduncle axon guidance, likely via Hedgehog signaling. Thus, our work highlights the complexity of ARL13B in molar tooth sign etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Suciu
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alyssa B Long
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author: Department of Human Genetics, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322.
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100
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Steubler V, Erdinger S, Back MK, Ludewig S, Fässler D, Richter M, Han K, Slomianka L, Amrein I, von Engelhardt J, Wolfer DP, Korte M, Müller UC. Loss of all three APP family members during development impairs synaptic function and plasticity, disrupts learning, and causes an autism-like phenotype. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107471. [PMID: 34008862 PMCID: PMC8204861 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The key role of APP for Alzheimer pathogenesis is well established. However, perinatal lethality of germline knockout mice lacking the entire APP family has so far precluded the analysis of its physiological functions for the developing and adult brain. Here, we generated conditional APP/APLP1/APLP2 triple KO (cTKO) mice lacking the APP family in excitatory forebrain neurons from embryonic day 11.5 onwards. NexCre cTKO mice showed altered brain morphology with agenesis of the corpus callosum and disrupted hippocampal lamination. Further, NexCre cTKOs revealed reduced basal synaptic transmission and drastically reduced long-term potentiation that was associated with reduced dendritic length and reduced spine density of pyramidal cells. With regard to behavior, lack of the APP family leads not only to severe impairments in a panel of tests for learning and memory, but also to an autism-like phenotype including repetitive rearing and climbing, impaired social communication, and deficits in social interaction. Together, our study identifies essential functions of the APP family during development, for normal hippocampal function and circuits important for learning and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Steubler
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Susanne Erdinger
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Michaela K Back
- Institute of PathophysiologyFocus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Susann Ludewig
- Division of Cellular NeurobiologyZoological Institute, TU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration GroupBraunschweigGermany
| | - Dominique Fässler
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Max Richter
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Kang Han
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Slomianka
- Institute of Anatomy and Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Institute of Anatomy and Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute of PathophysiologyFocus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - David P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute of Human Movement SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular NeurobiologyZoological Institute, TU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration GroupBraunschweigGermany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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