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Agüera Z, Paslakis G, Munguía L, Sánchez I, Granero R, Sánchez-González J, Steward T, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Gender-Related Patterns of Emotion Regulation among Patients with Eating Disorders. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020161. [PMID: 30717125 PMCID: PMC6406611 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) are common in females with eating disorders (ED). However, no study to date has analyzed ER in males with ED. In the study at hand, we assessed ER in males with ED and compared results to both females with ED and healthy controls (HC). We also examined associations between ER difficulties, personality, and psychopathology. A total of 62 males with ED were compared with 656 females with ED, as well as 78 male and 286 female HC. ER was assessed by means of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). We found that males and females with ED showed greater ER difficulties compared to HC. Pronounced general psychopathology was a shared factor associated with higher ER difficulties in both males and females with ED. However, whereas higher novelty seeking, higher cooperativeness, lower reward dependence, and lower self-directedness were related to higher ER difficulties in females with ED, lower persistence was associated with ER difficulties in males with ED. In sum, males and females with ED show similar ER difficulties, yet they are distinct in how ER deficits relate to specific personality traits. Research on strategies promoting ER in the treatment of males with ED is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Agüera
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Georgios Paslakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jessica Sánchez-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Trevor Steward
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Heriseanu AI, Hay P, Touyz S. The short inventory of grazing (SIG): development and validation of a new brief measure of a common eating behaviour with a compulsive dimension. J Eat Disord 2019; 7:4. [PMID: 30774954 PMCID: PMC6366119 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-019-0234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grazing, the repetitious and unplanned eating of small amounts of food with or without a sense of loss of control (LOC), is an eating pattern of recent interest which is highly prevalent in eating disorders and obesity. The current study aimed to (1) assess psychometric properties of a short inventory of grazing (SIG), consisting of a "grazing in general" item and a "compulsive/LOC grazing" item and (2) examine associations between compulsive and non-compulsive grazing and body mass index (BMI), eating disorder psychopathology, distress and health-related quality of life. METHODS Participants recruited from a university and the community (n = 227; 75.3% female; age = 25.00 (9.88; 17.58-57.17) years; BMI = 23.24 (4.91, 14.20-46.06) kg/m2) completed an online test battery including the SIG. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were computed to assess internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity, to test associations between the SIG and the other study variables, and to examine between-group differences. RESULTS The SIG demonstrated appropriate psychometric properties. Results indicated that both grazing in general and low-frequency LOC grazing are common; however, LOC grazing of moderate-severe frequency and/or associated with marked distress is unusual. Frequency of LOC grazing, but not grazing in general, was significantly associated with higher BMI, psychological distress, compensatory behaviours and lower mental health-related quality of life. The presence of compulsive grazing was also associated with eating disorder caseness and binge-type eating disorder diagnostic groups. CONCLUSIONS Results support the positioning of "compulsive" LOC grazing on a continuum of problematic eating. The SIG is a parsimonious measure of this eating pattern of emergent interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea I Heriseanu
- 1School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751 NSW Australia.,2School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Level 3, Building M02F, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, 2050 NSW Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- 2School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Level 3, Building M02F, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, 2050 NSW Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- 1School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751 NSW Australia
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Blume M, Schmidt R, Hilbert A. Executive Functioning in Obesity, Food Addiction, and Binge-Eating Disorder. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010054. [PMID: 30597858 PMCID: PMC6356459 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate food addiction (FA) and binge-eating disorder (BED) in their association to executive dysfunctions in adults with obesity. Data on response inhibition, attention, decision-making, and impulsivity were derived from four groups of adults with obesity: obesity and FA (n = 23), obesity and BED (n = 19), obesity and FA plus BED (FA/BED, n = 23), and a body mass index-, age-, and sex-stratified control group of otherwise healthy individuals with obesity (n = 23, OB), using established computerized neuropsychological tasks. Overall, there were few group differences in neuropsychological profiles. Individuals of the FA group did not differ from the OB group regarding executive functioning. Individuals with BED presented with significantly higher variability in their reaction times and a deficient processing of feedback for performance improvement compared to individuals of the OB group. Strikingly, individuals with FA/BED did not present neuropsychological impairments, but higher levels of depression than all other groups. The results indicated the presence of a BED-specific neuropsychological profile in the obesity spectrum. The additional trait FA was not related to altered executive functioning compared to the OB or BED groups. Future research is needed to discriminate FA and BED further using food-specific tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Blume
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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54
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Laghi F, Bianchi D, Pompili S, Lonigro A, Baiocco R. Metacognition, emotional functioning and binge eating in adolescence: the moderation role of need to control thoughts. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:861-869. [PMID: 30367384 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge eating is predicted by emotion dysregulation and poor emotional awareness. Dysfunctional metacognition is also implied in several eating disorders, but research has not yet investigated the interactions among emotional and metacognitive processes involved in binge eating. The present study investigated the relation between metacognition and binge eating in a sample of adolescents, testing the interaction effect between the need to control thoughts and the lack of emotional awareness on binge eating. METHODS Participants were 804 adolescents (age range 15-20; 49.7% female), who completed self-report instruments assessing binge eating, emotion regulation, and metacognition. RESULTS Binge eating was predicted by gender, BMI, emotion dysregulation, lack of emotional awareness, and dysfunctional metacognition dimensions (cognitive confidence and need to control thoughts). An important moderating effect was found, whereby the relationship between binge eating and lack of emotional awareness was only significant for individuals with a high need to control thoughts. CONCLUSIONS Results described emotional and metacognitive functioning in binge eating adolescents, suggesting that the need to control thoughts is a risk factor, whereas good metacognitive competencies are protective from binge eating, even in presence of poor emotional awareness. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pompili
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Amianto F, Spalatro AV, Rainis M, Andriulli C, Lavagnino L, Abbate-Daga G, Fassino S. Childhood emotional abuse and neglect in obese patients with and without binge eating disorder: Personality and psychopathology correlates in adulthood. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:692-699. [PMID: 30273894 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The link between childhood traumatic experiences such as sexual and physical abuse and EDs in adulthood has been widely demonstrated. To date, however, little research focused on the association between emotional abuse and neglect in childhood and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and obesity in adulthood. We enrolled 127 patients [84 with BED and 43 obese] and 45 healthy controls (HCs). All participants were administered the same battery of psychometric tests. Between-group differences were explored and the relationship between emotional abuse and neglect in childhood and personality and psychopathology in adulthood was tested. Obese patients showed higher scores in emotional abuse and neglect and sexual abuse when compared to HCs. Within obese participants, those with BED reported higher emotional abuse and emotional neglect than obese without BED and HCs; the BED group differed in physical and sexual abuse from obese participants. The association between traumatic experiences in childhood and obesity in adulthood has been confirmed independently of the type of trauma. Therapists should take into account the traumatic etiology of BED, in particular psychological abuse, even in those patients who do not recall physical or sexual abuses. Specific techniques to approach traumatic experiences could be applied to BED or non-BED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Amianto
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy.
| | - Angela Valentina Spalatro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Miriam Rainis
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Carla Andriulli
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Luca Lavagnino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Secondo Fassino
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
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56
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Blume M, Schmidt R, Hilbert A. Abnormalities in the EEG power spectrum in bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and obesity: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 27:124-136. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Blume
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; University of Leipzig Medical Center; Leipzig Germany
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; University of Leipzig Medical Center; Leipzig Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; University of Leipzig Medical Center; Leipzig Germany
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Hilbert A, Blume M, Petroff D, Neuhaus P, Smith E, Hay PJ, Hübner C. Group cognitive remediation therapy for adults with obesity prior to behavioural weight loss treatment: study protocol for a randomised controlled superiority study (CRT study). BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022616. [PMID: 30224391 PMCID: PMC6144388 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with obesity show deficits in executive functioning which have been implicated in decreased weight loss outcome. Preliminary evidence suggests that cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) improves executive functioning and weight loss in obesity. However, confirmatory support, especially for pre-weight loss use, is lacking. The CRT study aims at determining the efficacy of CRT versus no treatment control in patients with obesity before entering behavioural weight loss (BWL) treatment. It is hypothesised that individuals who receive CRT will show better weight loss outcome, improved executive functioning, greater weight loss-related behavioural changes and higher attendance of BWL treatment, 6 and 12 months after cessation of CRT. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In a single-centre, assessor-blinded, randomised, two-armed parallel-group superiority trial, 260 adults with body mass index ≥35.0 kg/m2 are centrally randomised to 8-week group-based CRT versus no treatment, before entering BWL treatment. Primary outcome is the amount of weight loss (%) at 6-month follow-up, compared with pre-treatment, derived from measured body weight. Secondary outcomes include improvement in executive functioning post-treatment and in weight loss-related behaviour, mental and physical health, and attendance to BWL treatment at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Maintenance of weight loss at 12-month follow-up will be determined. Mixed model analyses based on intent-to-treat will be used to compare the CRT and control groups with respect to differences in weight change between pre-treatment and 6-month follow-up. Similar models will be used for analysing 12-month follow-up data and secondary outcomes. Further analyses will include additional covariates to identify predictors of treatment outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Leipzig (256-15-13072015, version 'Final 1.0 from 28 May 2015). The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00009333; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre AdiposityDiseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie Blume
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre AdiposityDiseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Petroff
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre AdiposityDiseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Neuhaus
- Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Smith
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa J Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudia Hübner
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre AdiposityDiseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Garcia GD, Pompeo DA, Eid LP, Cesarino CB, Pinto MH, Gonçalves LWP. Relationship between anxiety, depressive symptoms and compulsive overeating disorder in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2018; 26:e3040. [PMID: 30183873 PMCID: PMC6136526 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2567.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: to identify the presence of compulsive overeating disorder in patients with
cardiovascular diseases and to verify its relation with sociodemographic,
clinical variables and the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Method: cross-sectional, correlational study with a sample of 111 patients with
cardiovascular diseases. The presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms was
assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
instrument and compulsive overeating disorder was assessed through a likert
instrument called the Periodic Eating Disorder Scale (Binge Eating Scale).
Results: there was a predominance of patients without compulsive overeating disorder
(n=91, 82%), followed by moderated compulsive overeating (n=15, 13.5%) and
severe (n=5, 4.5%) associating to high levels of body mass index (p=0.010)
and the presence of anxiety (p=0.017). Conclusion: Compulsive overeating disorder was present in 18% of the patients, being
associated with body mass index and anxiety, suggesting that health
professionals should pay attention to the comprehensive evaluation of
patients with cardiovascular diseases. Important results emerged from this
study, emphasizing the need to implement programs to improve the patients’
mental and physical health in both primary and specialized care
services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Damares Garcia
- Child and Adolescent Health Multidisciplinary Residency Student, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Alcalá Pompeo
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Palota Eid
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Unidade Acadêmica Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, GO, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Bernardi Cesarino
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Pinto
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Smith KE, Mason TB, Johnson JS, Lavender JM, Wonderlich SA. A systematic review of reviews of neurocognitive functioning in eating disorders: The state-of-the-literature and future directions. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:798-821. [PMID: 30102781 PMCID: PMC6594106 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in neurocognitive functioning in eating disorders (EDs), which has resulted in numerous quantitative and qualitative reviews. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive synthesis or critical review of this literature to identify future directions to advance the field in this area. Therefore the aim of this systematic review of systematic reviews was to (a) characterize the existing literature on neurocognitive functioning in EDs based on recent reviews (i.e., published since 2010), (b) describe related limitations, and (c) suggest avenues for future research to address gaps in the current literature. METHOD Electronic databases were queried for reviews of neurocognitive domains (i.e., inhibitory control, decision-making, central coherence, set-shifting, working memory, and attention bias) in EDs, which identified 28 systematic and meta-analytic reviews. RESULTS Broadly, the literature indicates deficits across these neurocognitive domains in EDs, though heterogeneity was noted in the magnitude of these effects, which varied to some extent across ED subtypes, sample characteristics, and methodological approaches. DISCUSSION While these reviews have generally suggested varying patterns of neurocognitive deficits across EDs, there remain critical limitations regarding the methodological quality of these studies (e.g., the lack of prospective designs, consideration of confounding influences, or examination of interrelationships between neurocognitive domains and relationships between neurocognition and other relevant behavioral constructs). Specifically, we outline 10 key areas that are imperative to address in future research in this area in order to move our field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Smith
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North
Dakota,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University
of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeffrey S. Johnson
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North
Dakota,Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University,
Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Jason M. Lavender
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North
Dakota,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University
of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
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60
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Hussain Y, Krishnamurthy S. Piracetam attenuates binge eating disorder related symptoms in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 169:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Smith KE, Mason TB, Lavender JM. Rumination and eating disorder psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 61:9-23. [PMID: 29703429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is a cognitive process involving repetitive thoughts about negative experiences and emotions and is associated with psychopathology. Rumination has been implicated in mood and anxiety disorders, and there is a growing body of research on rumination in relation to eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. The current meta-analytic review focused on the literature addressing rumination and ED psychopathology. A comprehensive search process identified 38 studies, which primarily used cross-sectional designs with non-clinical samples. Results demonstrated that rumination was concurrently (r = 0.33) and prospectively (r = 0.22-0.23) associated with ED psychopathology, and that groups with ED psychopathology evidenced higher levels of rumination compared to non-ED control groups (g = 0.95), though no significant differences in rumination were observed when comparing anorexia nervosa to bulimia nervosa groups (g = 0.09). In addition, a narrative review of five experimental studies suggested that rumination in response to ED-related stimuli was related to increased negative affect and negative body-related cognitions across clinical and non-clinical samples. The type of rumination and sample population emerged as moderators of effect sizes, such that larger effects were observed among samples using ED-specific measures of rumination and heterogeneous samples compared to only non-clinical samples. Taken together, this literature demonstrates that rumination is a salient process in ED psychopathology, though the literature is characterized by methodological limitations and the need for more fully elaborated theories on the role of rumination in EDs. Findings are discussed in the context of existing models of rumination and ED psychopathology, with suggestions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, United States; University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
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62
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Claudat
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Jason M Lavender
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego , California , USA
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Boulanger H, Tebeka S, Girod C, Lloret-Linares C, Meheust J, Scott J, Guillaume S, Courtet P, Bellivier F, Delavest M. Binge eating behaviours in bipolar disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:482-488. [PMID: 28865369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research, especially from the USA, suggests that comorbid binge eating (BE) behaviour and BE disorder are frequent in individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BD). Although basic clinical associations between BD and BE have been investigated, less is known about psychological or temperamental dimensions and qualitative aspects of eating habits. In a French cohort of patients with BD, we investigated the prevalence of BE behaviour and any associations with illness characteristics, anxiety, impulsivity, emotional regulation and eating habits. METHODS 145 outpatients with BD (I and II) were assessed for the presence of BE behaviour using the Binge Eating Scale (BES). Characteristics identified in univariate analyses as differentiating BD cases with and without BE behaviour were then included in a backward stepwise logistic regression (BSLR) model. RESULTS In this sample, 18.6% of BD patients met criteria for BE behaviour. Multivariate analysis (BSLR) indicated that shorter duration of BD, and higher levels of anxiety and emotional reactivity were observed in BD with compared to BD without BE behaviour. LIMITATIONS Relatively small sample referred to specialist BD clinics and cross-sectional evaluation meant that it was not possible to differentiate between state and trait levels of impulsivity, emotional instability and disinhibition. These dimensions may also overlap with mood symptoms. CONCLUSION BE behaviour is common in females and males with BD. Emotional dysregulation and anxiety may represent important shared vulnerability factors for worse outcome of BD and increased likelihood of BE behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Boulanger
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand Widal, Departement de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 3ème Secteur de Psychiatrie Adulte, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Tebeka
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand Widal, Departement de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; AP-HP, Louis Mourier, Department of Psychiatry, Colombes, France / Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Inserm U894, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Girod
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier / INSERM U1061, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Célia Lloret-Linares
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand Widal, Therapeutic Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Paris, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Descartes- Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Julie Meheust
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand Widal, Departement de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France
| | - Jan Scott
- Department of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK / Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, IPPN, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier / INSERM U1061, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier / INSERM U1061, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand Widal, Departement de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Descartes- Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
| | - Marine Delavest
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand Widal, Departement de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Descartes- Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
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Racine SE, Horvath SA. Emotion dysregulation across the spectrum of pathological eating: Comparisons among women with binge eating, overeating, and loss of control eating. Eat Disord 2018; 26:13-25. [PMID: 29384463 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1418381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation difficulties influence the etiology and maintenance of binge eating and eating disorders, but differential associations between emotion dysregulation and objective binge eating (OBE) components have not been examined. We compared emotion dysregulation dimensions in women with OBEs (n = 27), overeating only (n = 25), loss of control (LOC) only (n = 32), or no pathological eating (n = 137). Women with OBEs had significantly more difficulty with overall emotion dysregulation, access to strategies, and impulse control when upset than other groups. Women with OBEs and women with overeating did not differ on poor emotional clarity, whereas women with OBEs and women with LOC did not differ on non-acceptance of emotions. The combination of overeating and LOC eating is associated with the greatest emotion dysregulation, but certain emotion regulation facets may differentially relate to overeating and LOC. Identifying emotion-related treatment targets for core eating disorder symptoms is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Racine
- a Department of Psychology, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio, United States.,b Department of Psychology, McGill University , Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah A Horvath
- a Department of Psychology, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio, United States
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65
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Fernandes J, Ferreira-Santos F, Miller K, Torres S. Emotional processing in obesity: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2018; 19:111-120. [PMID: 29024361 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of emotional functioning in the development and maintenance of obesity has been investigated, but the literature is poorly integrated. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to explore emotional processing impairments in obesity. PubMed, Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO databases were searched in March 2016, yielding 31 studies comparing emotional processing competencies in individuals with obesity, with or without binge eating disorder (BED), and control groups. Meta-analyses demonstrated that individuals with obesity had higher scores of alexithymia (d = 0.53), difficulty in identifying feelings (d = 0.34) and externally oriented thinking style (d = 0.31), when compared with control groups. On other competencies, patients with obesity, especially those with comorbid BED, reported lower levels of emotional awareness and difficulty in using emotion regulation strategies, namely, reduced cognitive reappraisal and acceptance, and greater suppression of expression. No evidence of impaired ability to recognize emotions in others or verbally express emotions was found. A general emotion-processing deficit in obesity was not supported. Instead, an emotional avoidance style may occur modulating later responses of emotion regulation. Additional research is needed to extend the comprehension of these conclusions and the role of BED in emotional functioning in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fernandes
- Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - F Ferreira-Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - K Miller
- School Psychology, School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Torres
- Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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66
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Emotion Regulation in Binge Eating Disorder: A Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111274. [PMID: 29165348 PMCID: PMC5707746 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present review is to provide a summary of the research findings on emotion regulation in Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Negative emotions and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies play a role in the onset and maintenance of binge eating in BED. Anger and sadness, along with negative emotions related to interpersonal experiences (i.e., disappointment, being hurt or loneliness), seem to be particularly relevant. Individuals with BED have a tendency to suppress and ruminate on their unwanted emotions, which leads to increased psychopathological thoughts and symptoms. Compared to healthy controls, they use adaptive strategies, such as reappraisal, less frequently. Evidence concerning the causal relation between negative affect and binge eating is inconclusive and still very limited. While experimental studies in a laboratory setting lack ecological validity, ecological momentary assessment studies offer more promise at unraveling the causal relationship between emotions and binge eating. Increases in negative affect are found to be antecedents of binge eating in BED. However, there seems to be less support for the possibility that binge eating serves as a means to alleviate negative affect. Finally, BED seems to be related to other forms of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as substance abuse and self-harm.
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67
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Food-Related Impulsivity in Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder-A Systematic Update of the Evidence. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111170. [PMID: 29077027 PMCID: PMC5707642 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific eating pattern of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) patients has provoked the assumption that BED might represent a phenotype within the obesity spectrum that is characterized by increased impulsivity. Following the guidelines of the PRISMA statement (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses), we here provide a systematic update on the evidence on food-related impulsivity in obese individuals, with and without BED, as well as normal-weight individuals. We separately analyzed potential group differences in the impulsivity components of reward sensitivity and rash-spontaneous behavior. Our search resulted in twenty experimental studies with high methodological quality. The synthesis of the latest evidence consolidates conclusions drawn in our initial systematic review that BED represents a distinct phenotype within the obesity spectrum that is characterized by increased impulsivity. Rash-spontaneous behavior in general, and specifically towards food, is increased in BED, while food-specific reward sensitivity is also increased in obese individuals without BED, but potentially to a lesser degree. A major next step for research entails the investigation of sub-domains and temporal components of inhibitory control in BED and obesity. Based on the evidence of impaired inhibitory control in BED, affected patients might profit from interventions that address impulsive behavior.
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68
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Preuss H, Pinnow M, Schnicker K, Legenbauer T. Improving Inhibitory Control Abilities (ImpulsE)-A Promising Approach to Treat Impulsive Eating? EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 25:533-543. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Preuss
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Germany
| | - Marlies Pinnow
- Motivation Lab, Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences; Ruhr-University Bochum; Germany
| | - Katja Schnicker
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Germany
| | - Tanja Legenbauer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Germany
- Department of Research and Diagnostics, Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine; LWL-University Hospital; Germany
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69
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Neuropsychological Functioning in Mid-life Treatment-Seeking Adults with Obesity: a Cross-sectional Study. Obes Surg 2017; 28:532-540. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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70
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Burrows T, Skinner J, McKenna R, Rollo M. Food Addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity: Is There a Relationship? Behav Sci (Basel) 2017; 7:bs7030054. [PMID: 28805749 PMCID: PMC5618062 DOI: 10.3390/bs7030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing research suggests that there is an overlap between binge eating disorder (BED) and the construct of 'food addiction' (FA). The objective of this study was to determine the overlapping features of BED and FA through a comparison of the individual scales of commonly used tools including the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) in a sample of Australian adults. Adults (>18 years of age) were invited to complete an anonymous online survey on FA. Binge eating was assessed through the BES and addictive eating behaviours were assessed through the YFAS (n = 1344). The prevalence and severity of both FA and binge eating increased across weight categories. The overall correlation between the total score from the BES and FA symptoms was r = 0.76, p < 0.001; for females it was r = 0.77, p < 0.001, and for males it was r = 0.65, p < 0.001. Total BES score and the BES emotion factor were most often associated with FA symptoms, as was demonstrated to produce stronger correlations with FA symptoms. In contrast, the BES behaviour factor was less strongly associated to FA with the majority of correlations <0.6. This study demonstrates the overlap between BED and FA, and highlights the possible unique differences between the forms of disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Janelle Skinner
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Rebecca McKenna
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Megan Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
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71
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Kittel R, Schmidt R, Hilbert A. Executive functions in adolescents with binge-eating disorder and obesity. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:933-941. [PMID: 28407284 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge-eating disorder (BED) in adults is associated with alterations in executive functions (EF) and obesity. Much less is known about these relationships in adolescents, including whether poor EF are associated with eating disorder psychopathology and/or elevated body mass index. This study examined EF in response to neutral stimuli in youth with BED. METHOD Adolescents with BED and obesity (n = 22), individually matched adolescents with obesity (n = 22), and normal weight (n = 22) completed neuropsychological tests targeting inhibition (Color-Word Interference Test), sustained attention (D2 Concentration Endurance Test), cognitive flexibility (Comprehensive Trail Making Test), and decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task). RESULTS Adolescents with BED and obesity displayed significantly poorer inhibitory control compared to normal-weight adolescents. This effect persisted after controlling for the level of secondary education. However, initial differences between adolescents with obesity and normal-weight controls regarding inhibitory control and sustained attention vanished after controlling for education. The three groups did not differ regarding cognitive flexibility and decision-making. Moreover, adolescents with BED and obesity did not perform worse than adolescents with obesity on any of the neuropsychological tests. DISCUSSION Overall, our results indicate that adolescent BED is associated with only a few alterations in general EF, specifically inhibitory control, and underline BED and educational level as confounding factors in neuropsychological research on obesity. To further delineate EF profiles of adolescents with BED, future research should focus on EF in response to disorder-related stimuli and experimental settings with high ecological validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Kittel
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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73
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Kognitiv-affektive Neuropsychologie der Binge-Eating-Störung. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-017-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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74
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Biofeedback. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-017-0193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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75
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Burgess EE, Sylvester MD, Morse KE, Amthor FR, Mrug S, Lokken KL, Osborn MK, Soleymani T, Boggiano MM. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:930-936. [PMID: 27159906 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on food craving, intake, binge eating desire, and binge eating frequency in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD N = 30 adults with BED or subthreshold BED received a 20-min 2 milliampere (mA) session of tDCS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; anode right/cathode left) and a sham session. Food image ratings assessed food craving, a laboratory eating test assessed food intake, and an electronic diary recorded binge variables. RESULTS tDCS versus sham decreased craving for sweets, savory proteins, and an all-foods category, with strongest reductions in men (p < 0.05). tDCS also decreased total and preferred food intake by 11 and 17.5%, regardless of sex (p < 0.05), and reduced desire to binge eat in men on the day of real tDCS administration (p < 0.05). The reductions in craving and food intake were predicted by eating less frequently for reward motives, and greater intent to restrict calories, respectively. DISCUSSION This proof of concept study is the first to find ameliorating effects of tDCS in BED. Stimulation of the right DLPFC suggests that enhanced cognitive control and/or decreased need for reward may be possible functional mechanisms. The results support investigation of repeated tDCS as a safe and noninvasive treatment adjunct for BED. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:930-936).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee E Burgess
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maria D Sylvester
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kathryn E Morse
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Frank R Amthor
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kristine L Lokken
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mary K Osborn
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Taraneh Soleymani
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mary M Boggiano
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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76
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Tao Z, Wu G, Wang Z. The relationship between high residential density in student dormitories and anxiety, binge eating and Internet addiction: a study of Chinese college students. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1579. [PMID: 27652152 PMCID: PMC5025399 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Context Although various studies have indicated that high residential density may affect health and psychological outcomes, to our knowledge, there have been no studies regarding the predictive nature of crowded living conditions on binge eating and the use of the Internet as coping strategies. Methods A total of 1048 Chinese college students (540 males and 508 females) were randomly selected and asked to complete a battery of questionnaires that included the Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Internet Addiction Test, and Rosenbaum’s Self-Control Scale. Binge eating behaviors and compensatory behaviors were also reported, and variables about residential density were measured. Results Among female participants, binge eating scores were significantly predicted by anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.008), and similarly, the frequency of compensatory behaviors was significantly predicted by anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.003). Furthermore, the Internet Addiction Test scores were significantly predicted by the anxiety caused by high -density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.000). Among male participants, not only were the binge eating scores significantly predicted by the anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.000), but the frequency of compensatory behaviors was also significantly predicted by the anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.01). Furthermore, Internet Addiction Test scores were significantly predicted by anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.000). It was further found that for both genders, subjective factors such as self-control, and the anxiety caused by high-density living conditions had a stronger impact on Internet addiction than objective factors, such as the size of the student’s dormitory room. Moreover, self-control was found to act as a moderator in the relationship between anxiety and Internet addiction among male participants. Conclusion Binge eating and Internet use could be considered coping strategies for Chinese college students facing high residential density in their dormitories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Tao
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, 87#, Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Gao Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Üniversite Öğrencisi Kızların Yeme Tutumlarının Duygudurum Bozukluğu İle İlişkisi. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2016. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.180737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the recent literature on carers/parenting interventions for people with eating disorders. Interesting and important new findings are highlighted as well as the implications that this may have for treatment. We have reviewed and critically analysed the recent literature. Close others often play an important role in recognising the early signs of eating disorders and accessing and implementing treatment. Their role in helping with recovery is to give support and hold a united front themselves and with the professional team to avoid those common interpersonal reactions that adversely impact on outcome such as accommodating to the illness and reacting with high expressed emotion (overprotection and hostility). Managing this role is difficult, and coping resources are often strained. Carers ask for and are now getting expert training in skills to manage this role. There is an overlap between carer/parenting interventions and family therapies. The interface with close others is critical both for early recognition and access and implementation of treatment. Interventions which equip families and close others with the skills to manage eating disorder behaviours are showing potential at improving outcomes.
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79
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Amianto F, Ercole R, Abbate Daga G, Fassino S. Exploring Parental Bonding in BED and Non-BED Obesity Compared with Healthy Controls: Clinical, Personality and Psychopathology Correlates. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 24:187-96. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Amianto
- Neurosciences Department of University of Torino, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders; Italy
| | - Roberta Ercole
- Neurosciences Department of University of Torino, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders; Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbate Daga
- Neurosciences Department of University of Torino, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders; Italy
| | - Secondo Fassino
- Neurosciences Department of University of Torino, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders; Italy
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