51
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Helmja K, Vaher M, Püssa T, Kaljurand M. Analysis of the stable free radical scavenging capability of artificial polyphenol mixtures and plant extracts by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography–diode array detection–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2417-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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52
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de la Iglesia P, Gago-Martínez A. Determination of yessotoxins and pectenotoxins in shellfish by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:221-8. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802290522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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53
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Pantůčková P, Gebauer P, Boček P, Křivánková L. Electrolyte systems for on-line CE-MS: Detection requirements and separation possibilities. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:203-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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54
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Gottardo R, Polettini A, Sorio D, Pascali JP, Bortolotti F, Liotta E, Tagliaro F. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) applied to the analysis of illicit and controlled drugs in blood. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4078-87. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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55
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Petersson EV, Puerta A, Bergquist J, Turner C. Analysis of anthocyanins in red onion using capillary electrophoresis-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2723-30. [PMID: 18512683 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a capillary electrophoresis-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis method for detecting anthocyanins in red onion was developed. The analysis method included the use of silica capillaries coated with poly-LA 313 (polycationic amine-containing polymer) and an MS-compatible volatile background electrolyte (BGE). The method was environmentally friendly and sensitive; and its rapidness combined with an acidic BGE helped in preventing anthocyanin degradation. By using high-resolution TOF-MS with pre-run tuning of masses, low mass errors were achieved in the determination of conjugated anthocyanins in red onion, and a simultaneous up-front fragmentation provided confirmation of the aglycon backbone for their secure identification. Most anthocyanins (at least seven out of ten) known in red onion from the literature were found, as well as one new for this matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik V Petersson
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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56
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Levandi T, Leon C, Kaljurand M, Garcia-Cañas V, Cifuentes A. Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Comparative Metabolomics of Transgenic versus Conventional Maize. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6329-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8006329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Levandi
- Faculty of Science, Tallinn Technical University, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Leon
- Faculty of Science, Tallinn Technical University, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mihkel Kaljurand
- Faculty of Science, Tallinn Technical University, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Garcia-Cañas
- Faculty of Science, Tallinn Technical University, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Faculty of Science, Tallinn Technical University, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
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57
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Segura-Carretero A, Puertas-Mejía MA, Cortacero-Ramírez S, Beltrán R, Alonso-Villaverde C, Joven J, Dinelli G, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Selective extraction, separation, and identification of anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. using solid phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (time-of-flight /ion trap). Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2852-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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58
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Simó C, Moreno-Arribas MV, Cifuentes A. Ion-trap versus time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to capillary electrophoresis to analyze biogenic amines in wine. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1195:150-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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59
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Erny GL, León C, Marina ML, Cifuentes A. Time of flightversusion trap MS coupled to CE to analyse intact proteins. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1810-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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60
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Rittgen J, Pütz M, Pyell U. Identification of toxic oligopeptides inAmanita fungi employing capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry with positive and negative ion detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2094-100. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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61
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Herrero M, Ibañez E, Cifuentes A. Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry in peptide analysis and peptidomics. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2148-60. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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62
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Determination of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry: An evaluation of different protein hydrolysis procedures. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2051-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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63
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Abstract
Anthocyanins are a class of polyphenols responsible for the orange, red, purple and blue colors of many fruits, vegetables, grains, flowers and other plants. Consumption of anthocyanins has been linked as protective agents against many chronic diseases and possesses strong antioxidant properties leading to a variety of health benefits. In this review, we examine the advances in the chemical profiling of natural anthocyanins in plant and biological matrices using various chromatographic separations (HPLC and CE) coupled with different detection systems (UV, MS and NMR). An overview of anthocyanin chemistry, prevalence in plants, biosynthesis and metabolism, bioactivities and health properties, sample preparation and phytochemical investigations are discussed while the major focus examines the comparative advantages and disadvantages of each analytical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara R. Welch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - James E. Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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64
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Cheung RHF, Marriott PJ, Small DM. CE methods applied to the analysis of micronutrients in foods. Electrophoresis 2008; 28:3390-413. [PMID: 17847130 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the applications of CE that are relevant to the analysis of small molecules in foods. CE has been applied to a wide range of important areas of food analysis and is rapidly being established as an alternative technique to chromatographic methods including HPLC and GC within analytical food and research laboratories. In recent years the analysis of food by CE has become more frequent and important and as such a variety of compounds have been separated and quantified. Although many other analytes have been detected by CE, this review will highlight areas relating primarily to the rather broad chemical classes of free amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins and a variety of antioxidants. In addition, information relating to the analyte, sample matrix, mode of CE employed, scope of the methodology and the detection and derivatization of the small molecules are considered and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Hau Fung Cheung
- Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
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65
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Shama N, Bai SW, Chung BC, Jung BH. Quantitative analysis of 17 amino acids in the connective tissue of patients with pelvic organ prolapse using capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 865:18-24. [PMID: 18339589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of 17 amino acids in connective tissue using capillary electrophoresis is described in this study. Separation was carried out on a fused silica capillary column (80 cm x 50 mm i.d.) with 1M formic acid as the running electrolyte. The detection was conducted on a mass spectrometer by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via an electrospray ionization source. Tissue samples were prepared by reduction and acid hydrolysis to extract amino acids; over 84.3% recovery was seen for all compounds. The method allowed for sensitive, reproducible, and reliable quantification, and all 17 amino acids were separated using this method. Good linearity over the investigated concentration ranges was observed, with values of R higher than 0.993 for all the analytes. Precision and accuracy examined at three concentration levels ranged from 0.2% to 19.5% and 84.1% to 120.0%, respectively. Matrix effects were also tested and ranged from -9.1% to 15.4%. The validated method was applied to the quantitation of 17 amino acids in pelvic connective tissue of pelvic organ prolapsed patients. Methionine, glutamine, and histidine were significantly higher in the experimental patients compared to the controls. This suggests that changes in the amino acid concentrations within the connective tissue could be a factor in the genesis of pelvic organ prolapse. Therefore, this method is potentially applicable for amino acid analysis in tissue, providing a more complete understanding of pelvic organ prolapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Shama
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, South Korea
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66
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Gaspar A, Englmann M, Fekete A, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Trends in CE-MS 2005–2006. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:66-79. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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67
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García-Cañas V, Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:294-309. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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68
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18 Coupling CE and microchip-based devices with mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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69
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Erny GL, Marina ML, Cifuentes A. Reproducible and efficient separation of aggregatable zein proteins by CZE using a volatile background electrolyte. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2988-97. [PMID: 17661316 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zein proteins are a complex mixture of polypetides that belong to the alcohol-soluble storage proteins group (prolamines) in corn. These proteins constitute about 50-60% of the total endosperm protein and are classified in different groups on the basis of differences in their solubility and sequence. Among them, zein proteins are considered the majority group showing a high tendency to aggregate what makes their analysis by any analytical method very difficult. Thus, CZE of these proteins requires the use of very complex BGEs noncompatible with online ESI-MS analysis. The aim of this work was to find a new BGE for the CZE separation of zein protein fully compatible with ESI-MS while providing further light on the complex CZE separation of aggregatable proteins. Thus, it is demonstrated in this work that efficient and reproducible CZE separations of zein proteins can be achieved by using a BGE composed of water, ACN, formic acid and ammonium hydroxide. Besides, it is shown that zein analysis is significantly improved by including the effect of an ammonium gradient during their separation. It is experimentally verified that the ammonium gradient can easily be achieved in CZE by either working with a sample zone with a low concentration of ammonium and a BGE with a high concentration, or conversely, working with a sample zone with high ammonium concentration and a BGE with low concentration of ammonium, giving rise in both cases to a significant improvement in the CZE separation of these proteins. It is demonstrated that this procedure can give rise to efficiency improvements of up to 20-fold in the CZE separation of zein proteins. Under optimized conditions, 20 proteins could be separated with average efficiencies higher than 400 000 theoretical plates/m. Some possible explanations of this effect are discussed including stacking, protein-capillary wall adsorption, protein solubility and protein-salt interactions.
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70
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Gómez-Ruiz JÁ, Ramos M, Recio I. Identification of novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides from ovine milk proteins by CE-MS and chromatographic techniques. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4202-11. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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71
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Dinelli G, Marotti I, Bosi S, Benedettelli S, Ghiselli L, Cortacero-Ramírez S, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Lignan profile in seeds of modern and old Italian soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars as revealed by CE-MS analyses. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4212-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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72
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Erny GL, Marina ML, Cifuentes A. CE-MS of zein proteins from conventional and transgenic maize. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4192-201. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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73
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Juan-García A, Font G, Picó Y. Simultaneous determination of different classes of antibiotics in fish and livestock by CE-MS. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4180-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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74
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Kvasnicka F. Application of CE in hydrodynamically closed systems for analysis of bioactive compounds in food. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3581-9. [PMID: 17893940 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CE is a family of electrokinetic separation techniques that separate compounds based upon differences in electrophoretic mobilities, phase partitioning, pI, molecular size, or a combination of one or several of these properties. CE has been used in several modes to analyze and characterize a wide variety of analytes from simple inorganic ions, small organic molecules, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids to virus, microbes and particles. Food consists of a complex mixture of a variety of components, many of which are biologically active. Components classified as "nutrients" are essential for growth, maintenance, and repair of the body. Other food constituents, typically occurring in small quantities, are classified as "biologically active substances" and they have beneficial or harmful effects on human health. There are two types of biologically active substances in food - naturally occurring and food additives. The bioactive compounds of food that will be mentioned in this review are inorganic and organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, biogenic amines, antinutrients, toxins, etc. This review is focused on the application of CE with hydrodynamically closed system (suppression of EOF) for the analysis of the above-mentioned compounds. CE can be an alternative method to HPLC or other methods for analysis of bioactive compounds in food. The main advantages of CE are low running cost (at least ten times than HPLC) and consideration to environment (hundreds of microliters of diluted water based electrolyte per analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Kvasnicka
- Department of Food Preservation and Meat Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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75
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Mokaddem M, Varenne A, Belgaied JE, Factor C, Gareil P. Single-run separation of cationic, anionic, and polyanionic compounds by CE-ESI-MS. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3070-7. [PMID: 17724697 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A method for a single-run separation of cationic, anionic, and polyanionic compounds by CE hyphenated to ESI MS (CE-ESI-MS) is described. One of the main issues for coupling CE to MS with an ESI source consists in maintaining an electric contact for the electrophoretic separation. This condition is only performed if a liquid flow arising from the separation capillary is directed to the needle, making it coupling-compatible. This latter situation is incompatible with the separations of polyanionic compounds of higher electrophoretic mobility (in absolute value) than the electroosmotic mobility, performed in bare fused-silica capillaries under a negative polarity. In this study, several alternative approaches were evaluated to circumvent this difficulty, and applied to the setup of the CE-MS separation of a mixture containing both cationic and polyanionic compounds, which are synthesis intermediates of contrast agents for medical imaging. Eventually, the detection of the cationic and anionic compounds in a single run could be obtained by either using neutrally coated polymethylsiloxane (DB-1) capillaries and simultaneously applying a negative voltage polarity and a pressure allowing to compensate for the residual cathodic EOF or by dynamically modifying the inner wall of a bare fused-silica capillary with a polycationic polymer (hexadimethrine bromide) and using it afterwards under negative voltage polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Mokaddem
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Chimie Analytique, UMR 7575 CNRS-ENSCP-Paris 6, Paris, France
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76
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de la Iglesia P, Gago-Martinez A, Yasumoto T. Advanced studies for the application of high-performance capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of yessotoxin and 45-hydroxyyessotoxin. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1156:160-6. [PMID: 17239891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yessotoxins (YTXs) are a group of polyether toxins which have been previously reported as responsible for seafood contamination in several places worldwide. Despite their toxicity, which is not yet fully discussed, YTXs have been reported as an interference in the success of mouse bioassay for the determination of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, and therefore, efficient and reliable analytical methodologies are required to evaluate their presence, avoiding false positives for DSP. High-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) is presented in this work as an alternative to HPLC technique widely used for the analysis of YTXs. Improvements in the applicability of HPCE have been carried out through the development of different CE modes as well as different detection modes. With this aim, micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) has been considered for an increased selectivity while an increased sensitivity was achieved by using sample stacking. Moreover, the coupling of CE with mass spectrometry allowed the confirmation of YTXs present in the contaminated samples evaluated in this work. The results obtained showed the potential of CE as an alternative to HPLC for the analysis of YTXs present in naturally contaminated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo de la Iglesia
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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77
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Chien CT, Li FA, Huang JL, Her GR. CE-MS of antihistamines using nonvolatile phosphate buffer. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1454-60. [PMID: 17427257 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antihistamines were analyzed by CE-ESI-MS using phosphate buffer. The separation was performed in an acidic environment so that phosphate ions had a net velocity flowing toward the inlet reservoir instead of the ESI source. To further reduce the effect of ion suppression, the sodium ion in sodium phosphate was replaced with an ammonium ion. Furthermore, with the combination of reducing the concentration of acid added to the sheath liquid and the use of a low-flow interface, phosphoric acid could be added to the sheath liquid. Because of the use of the same counterion (phosphate ion) in running buffer and in sheath liquid, the separation integrity (resolution, elution order, and peak shape) was preserved. In addition, ion suppression was also greatly alleviated because a minimal amount of phosphate flowed into the ESI source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Tang Chien
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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78
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Scriba GKE. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1159:28-41. [PMID: 17316665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonaqueous background electrolytes broaden the application of capillary electrophoresis displaying altered separation selectivity and interactions between analytes and buffer additives compared to aqueous background electrolytes. In addition, nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) appears to be ideally suited for online coupling with mass spectrometry due to the high volatility and low surface tension of many organic solvents. Despite these advantages and an increasing use of nonaqueous background electrolytes in CE, coupling of NACE to mass spectrometry has not yet been applied very often to date. The present review summarizes the applications of online NACE-MS with regard to the analysis of drugs, stereoisomers, peptides, alkaloids, polymers and others. A brief discussion of solvent effects in NACE and pH of nonaqueous background electrolyte systems is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, School of Pharmacy, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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79
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Fanali S, D'Orazio G, Foret F, Kleparnik K, Aturki Z. On-line CE-MS using pressurized liquid junction nanoflow electrospray interface and surface-coated capillaries. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4666-73. [PMID: 17091468 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A simple and cost-effective laboratory-made liquid junction interface was used for coupling of CE with MS. In this device the capillary column and the spray tip were positioned in the electrode vessel containing appropriate spray liquid. The electrospray potential was applied on the electrode inside the liquid junction. A stable electrospray was produced at nanoliter per minute flow rates generated in the emitter tip without using an external pump. This arrangement provided high durability of the spray tip and independent optimization of the CE separation (use of coated capillaries) and ESI conditions. CE-MS analysis of mixtures of drugs, peptides, tryptic digests of proteins and biological fluids was optimized with respect to the effects of the distance between the separation capillary and electrospray tip and pressure applied on the liquid junction. The sensitivity of the system, in terms of the LOD (base peak monitoring) was below 10 ng/mL for the beta-blocker drugs and below 200 ng/mL for peptide analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fanali
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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80
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Smyth WF. Recent applications of capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry in drug analysis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2051-62. [PMID: 16637016 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review considers applications in 2004-2005 of capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) to the detection and determination of small molecular mass drug molecules, taken from the Web of Knowledge database. The molecules of small molecular mass less than 1000 Da are chosen according to selected structural classes in which they give ESI signals primarily as [M + H](+) ions. These structural classes are drugs with amine-containing side chains, drugs with N-containing saturated ring structures, 1,4-benzodiazepines, other heterocyclic hypnotics, steroids, bioactive compounds containing phenolic groups, and miscellaneous molecules. Details are given on the fragmentations, where available, that these ionic species exhibit in-source and in ion-trap, triple quadrupole and time-of flight mass spectrometers. The review then gives a critical evaluation of these recent CE-ESI-MS analytical methods for the detection and determination of these small molecular mass drug molecules. Analytical information on, for example, sample concentration techniques, CE separation conditions, recoveries from biological media and limits of detection are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Franklin Smyth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
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81
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Li SP, Yang FQ, Tsim KWK. Quality control of Cordyceps sinensis, a valued traditional Chinese medicine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1571-84. [PMID: 16504449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis, a well-known and valued traditional Chinese medicine, is also called DongChongXiaCao (winter worm summer grass) in Chinese. It is commonly used to replenish the kidney and soothe the lung for the treatment of fatigue, night sweating, hyposexualities, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, asthemia after severe illness, respiratory disease, renal dysfunction and renal failure, arrhythmias and other heart disease, and liver disease. As the rarity and upstanding curative effects of natural Cordyceps, several mycelial strains have been isolated from natural Cordyceps and manufactured in large quantities by fermentation technology, and they are commonly sold as health food products in Asia. In addition, some substitutes such as Cordyceps militaris also have been used and adulterants also confused the market. Therefore, quality control of C. sinensis and its products is very important to ensure their safety and efficacy. Herein, markers and analytical methods for quality control of Cordyceps were reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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82
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Simó C, Pérez P, Neusüss C, Pelzing M, San Román J, Gallardo A, Cifuentes A. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of a new cross-linker with acrylic functionality. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2250-8. [PMID: 16645975 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Analytical characterization of dimethacrylate-tyrosine-lysine-tyrosine (DMTLT, a new biodegradable acrylic cross-linker synthesized at our laboratory) is carried out using CE-MS. DMTLT is a pseudopeptide composed by tyrosine-lysine-tyrosine amino acids linked through urea bonds with two methacrylic groups, one at each end of the molecule, making this compound an excellent cross-linker for polymerization reactions and for obtaining new biodegradable materials. A new CE-MS method is developed for the characterization of DMTLT and its products of degradation after basic hydrolysis. In order to carry out an exhaustive examination of such degradation products methods based on CE coupled to IT and TOF-MS are employed. Based on CE-IT-MS results and the elemental composition of the degradation products obtained by CE-TOF-MS, conclusions on the mechanism and kinetic of hydrolysis of DMTLT are obtained confirming both the usefulness of CE-MS to characterize new biomaterials and the applicability of DMTLT for preparing new biodegradable polymers. These results are corroborated through the CE-MS detection of the identified products of degradation in a dimethyl acrylamide polymer cross-linked with DMTLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simó
- Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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83
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Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method to determine the phenolic fraction of extra-virgin olive oil. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2182-96. [PMID: 16736455 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first analytical method involving SPE and CZE coupled to ESI-IT MS (CZE-ESI-MS) used to identify and characterize phenolic compounds in olive oil samples. The SPE, CZE and ESI-MS parameters were optimized in order to maximize the number of phenolic compounds detected and the sensitivity of their determination. To this end we have devised a detailed method to find the best conditions for CE separation and the detection by MS of the phenolic compounds present in olive oil using a methanol-water extract of Picual extra-virgin olive oil (VOO). Electrophoretic separation was carried out using an aqueous CE buffer system consisting of 60 mM NH(4)OAc at pH 9.5 with 5% of 2-propanol, a sheath liquid containing 2-propanol/water 60:40 v/v and 0.1% v/v triethylamine. This method offers to the analyst the chance to study important phenolic compounds such as phenolic alcohols (tyrosol (TY), hydroxytyrosol (HYTY) and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl acetate), lignans ((+)-pinoresinol and (+)-1-acetoxypinoresinol), complex phenols (ligstroside aglycon (Lig Agl), oleuropein aglycon, their respective decarboxylated derivatives and several isomeric forms of these (dialdehydic form of oleuropein aglycon, dialdehydic form of ligstroside aglycon, dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to HYTY, dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to TY) and 10-hydroxy-oleuropein aglycon) and one other phenolic compound (elenolic acid) in extra-VOO by using a simple SPE before CE-ESI-MS analysis.
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84
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Juan-García A, Font G, Picó Y. Determination of quinolone residues in chicken and fish by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2240-9. [PMID: 16736458 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A specific pressure-assisted CE-MS method is described for the analysis of five quinolone residues. MS using a single quadrupole is compared with multiple-stage MS using a quadrupole IT (QIT-MS(n)). The procedure involves a common sample preparation by SPE on disposable cartridges. The most suitable electrolyte is 60 mM (NH(4))(2)CO(3) at pH 9.2. Single quadrupole does not provide enough fragmentation to confirm identities according to the current legislation. However, QIT-MS(n) achieves selective fragmentation. Using this method, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, ofloxacin, and pipemidic acid are analyzed in fortified samples of chicken and fish. Recoveries at levels of 50 ng/g were 62-99%, except for flumequine, which gives recoveries > or =45%. RSDs are from 9 to 16% and the LOD is equal (20 ng/g) for the five analytes. Confirmation of the quinolones' identity is achieved using QIT-MS(3). Forty samples of chicken and fish taken from different local markets are analyzed. Enrofloxacin is also determined in incurred chicken muscle using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Juan-García
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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85
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Arráez-Román D, Cortacero-Ramírez S, Segura-Carretero A, Martín-Lagos Contreras JA, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Characterization of the methanolic extract of hops using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2197-207. [PMID: 16639703 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hops are used almost exclusively for bitterness and flavor by brewers. We propose the first analytical application of CZE coupled to ESI-MS for the separation and structural elucidation of organic compounds in the methanolic extracts of hops, and different extraction procedures of the plant material have been carried out. The proposed method permits the identification of hop polyphenols (flavonoids glycosides and chalcones), bitter acids (alpha-acids and beta-acids), and their oxidation products. The optimization of CZE parameters (pH, concentration, and type of buffer) and ESI-MS parameters (nature and flow rate of the sheath liquid, nebulizer pressure, drying gas flow rate, temperature, and compound stability) have permitted the development of a rapid, simple, direct, and straightforward CZE-ESI-MS method for the identification of components of methanolic extracts from different hops used in the brewing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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86
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Campa C, Coslovi A, Flamigni A, Rossi M. Overview on advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of carbohydrates: A tabulated review. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2027-50. [PMID: 16736462 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest for carbohydrates as holder of essential bioinformations has boosted their full characterization through analytical techniques. The intent of this review is to summarize the recent trends regarding on-line and off-line CE-MS coupling for carbohydrate analysis. A statistical survey on the articles that use derivatizing agents as well as on the analyzer and type of instrument coupling (i.e. on- or off-line) is depicted. From a general overview it can be concluded that, whereas derivatization might be useful for the detection of neutral carbohydrates improving separation selectivity with volatile buffers and increasing sensitivity of the MS detection, relatively few works with derivatized carbohydrates were found; this was noticed in particular for glycosides and saccharides carrying ionizable groups, which are normally analyzed without any chemical modification. The most applied coupling is the on-line sheath-liquid interface; for on-line applications, ESI is the sole source used, whilst the most common analyzer is the IT. MS(n) is often exploited, as fragmentation increases the achieved structural information. CE-MS turned out to be mainly used for the analysis of carbohydrates in drug development (i.e. study of oligosaccharides from pathogens, carbohydrate-based drugs and drug metabolites), in nutrition and for characterization of glycans from glycoproteins. The reader will find elucidating tables regarding these recent CE-MS applications, including the main information on the analysis conditions. Comments are meant to help the immediate focus on the usefulness of the analytical technique and predict the difficulties found during analysis and, in case, their overcoming.
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87
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Li C, Chen Z, Wen D, Zhang J, Cong W, Yu B, Liao Y, Liu H. Determination of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in rabbit serum by capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry with solid-phase extraction. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2152-63. [PMID: 16637020 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new strategy for separation and determination of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), a group of strong carcinogens found only in tobacco products, by using CZE and CE-MS associated with SPE. Six TSNAs: N'-nitrosonornicotine, N'-nitrosoanatabine, N'-nitrosoanabasine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol were simultaneously separated by either of two CZE methods, one of which worked with ammonium formate buffer (pH 2.5) and another with citrate buffer (pH 2.4), as well as a CE-MS method. The CZE conditions including pH and concentration of running buffer, capillary length, applied voltage, and capillary temperature were systematically optimized. For CE-MS method, an optimized sheath liquid consisted of methanol-water was used at a flow rate of 10 muL/min. With SPE procedure, our proposed CE-MS method was successfully applied to determine TSNAs after 15 min metabolism in rabbits. A comparison study between CZE and CE-MS methods for quantitative purposes was carried out, showing that both methods provided similar separation efficiency, selectivity, repeatability, linearity, and recovery. However, CE-MS method was better suited for the analysis of TSNAs in complicated biological samples for its sensitivity and extra information on molecular structure. Having good accordance with our previous work by using LC-MS, the new CE-MS method is expected to be an alternative to the LC-MS method and applied to study the metabolism of TSNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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88
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Wada A, Harada M, Okada T. Kinetic Monitoring of Electrophoretically Induced Solute Reaction by Axial Absorption Detection with Liquid-Core Waveguide. Anal Chem 2006; 78:4709-12. [PMID: 16808486 DOI: 10.1021/ac060175c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Teflon AF-2400 capillary has been used for capillary electrophoretic separation as well as for liquid-core waveguide for axial absorption detection. This separation/detection scheme has allowed continuous monitoring of electrophoretically induced reactions. In this paper, the decomposition of Cd2+ complex with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol has been tested, and its decomposition kinetics has been studied. A simple modeling has predicted the single-exponential decay of the absorbance detected by the present axial absorption detector and has allowed the estimation of the decomposition rate constant for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Wada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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89
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Castro-Puyana M, García-Ruiz C, Cifuentes A, Crego AL, Marina ML. Identification and quantitation of cis-ketoconazole impurity by capillary zone electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1114:170-7. [PMID: 16516899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
trans-Ketoconazole was identified and quantified as impurity of cis-ketoconazole, an antifungal compound, by capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS). The chirality of this impurity was demonstrated separating their enantiomers by adding heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin to the separation buffer in capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection. However, MS detection was hyphenated to the CE instrument for its identification. As both compounds are diastereomers, they have the same m/z values and are needed to be separated prior to the MS identification. A 0.4M ammonium formate separation buffer at pH 3.0 enabled the separation of the impurity from cis-ketoconazole. Under these conditions, the optimization of ESI-MS parameters (composition and flow of the sheath-liquid, drying temperature, drying gas flow, and capillary potential) was carried out to obtain the best MS sensitivity. CZE-ESI-MS optimized conditions enabled the identification of trans-ketoconazole as impurity of cis-ketoconazole. In addition, the quantitation of this impurity was achieved in different samples: cis-ketoconazole standard and three different pharmaceutical formulations (two tablets and one syrup) containing this standard. In all cases, percentages higher than 2.0 were determined for the impurity. According to ICH guidelines, these values required the identification and quantitation of any impurity in drug substances and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castro-Puyana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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90
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91
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Yu K, Wang YW, Cheng YY. Determination of Protocatechuic Aldehyde, Danshensu, Salvianolic Acid B and Gallic Acid in Chinese Medicine 'SHUANGDAN' Granule by MEKC. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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92
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Arráez-Román D, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Gómez-Romero M, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Identification of phenolic compounds in rosemary honey using solid-phase extraction by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1648-56. [PMID: 16574364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complex extracts of rosemary honey constituents often require very effective separation techniques to allow the identification of different compounds. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) detection can provide structure-selective information about the analytes in such matrices and has turned out to be an attractive alternative to HPLC methods. A simple and cost-effective analytical method involving solid-phase extraction (SPE) and capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS) to identify and characterize phenolic compounds in rosemary honey is described. The SPE, CE and ESI-MS parameters were optimized in order to maximize the number of phenolic compounds detected and the sensitivity of their determination. All CE-ESI-MS experiments were performed with uncoated fused-silica capillaries and an alkaline volatile buffer system consisting of 100 mM NH(4)Oac with 10% of 2-propanol at pH 10. Since sheath liquids can made significant effects on the sensitivity in typical CE-ESI-MS application, the effect of type and flow rate of the sheath liquid on the sensitivity of phenolic compounds were investigated. As result, the best sensitivity was obtained with a sheath liquid containing 2-propanol/water 60:40 (v/v) and 0.1% (v/v) of triethylamine at 3 microL/min in the negative ion mode. We describe the first method for the analysis of phenolic compounds in rosemary honey at mg/L levels by using a simple SPE before CE-ESI-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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93
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Abstract
This review article with 304 references describes recent developments in CE of proteins, and covers the two years since the previous review (Hutterer, K., Dolník, V., Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 3998-4012) through Spring 2005. It covers topics related to CE of proteins, including modeling of the electrophoretic migration of proteins, sample pretreatment, wall coatings, improving separation, various forms of detection, special electrophoretic techniques such as affinity CE, CIEF, and applications of CE to the analysis of proteins in real-world samples including human body fluids, food and agricultural samples, protein pharmaceuticals, and recombinant protein preparations.
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94
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Poinsot V, Lacroix M, Maury D, Chataigne G, Feurer B, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:176-94. [PMID: 16421950 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a number of articles that have been published on amino acid analysis using CE during the period from June 2003 to May 2005. This review article follows the previous ones of Smith (Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 3078-3083), Prata et al. (Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4129-4138), and Poinsot et al. (Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4047-4062). Several new developments in amino acid analysis with CE are reported concerning UV detection, LIF, MS, and NMR. In addition, we describe articles concerning clinical and pharmaceutical studies, neuroclinical applications, and agricultural and food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véréna Poinsot
- Université Paul Sabatier, IMRCP, UMR 5623, Toulouse, France
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95
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Klampfl CW. Recent advances in the application of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometric detection. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3-34. [PMID: 16315165 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of applications of CE coupled to MS detection published in the literature of the last three years. The works discussed in this paper comprise a wide range of different fields of application. These include important sections such as the analysis of biomolecules, the analysis of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in different matrices, environmental analysis, and also investigations on the composition of technical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Klampfl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
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96
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Guzman NA, Stubbs RJ, Phillips TM. Determination of inflammatory biomarkers by immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2006; 3:29-37. [PMID: 24980099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in instrumentation and methodologies are urgently needed to achieve, rapid, simultaneous and sensitive determination of multiple substances found at a wide range of concentrations in biological fluids, tissues and cells. The application of immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis in life sciences is already having an impact on the quantification of many biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring the prognosis of diseases. This review explains how immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis, the combination of highly selective antibody capture agents with the high resolving power of capillary electrophoresis, can provide highly specific assays leading to the selective isolation, concentration, separation and quantification of analytes of interest in complex biological matrices. In addition to a discussion of the technology, some applications of clinical and pharmaceutical relevance will be presented.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto A Guzman
- Bioanalytical Drug Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical, Research & Development, L.L.C., 1000 Route 202, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
| | - R John Stubbs
- Global Bioanalytical, GPCD, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical, Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Terry M Phillips
- Ultramicro Analytical Immunochemistry, Division of Bioengineering and Physical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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97
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Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:283-303. [PMID: 16307427 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the latest developments in the application of capillary electromigration methods for the analysis of foods and food components. Nowadays, methods based on CE techniques are becoming widely used in food analytical and research laboratories. This review covers the application of CE to analyze amino acids, biogenic amines, peptides, proteins, DNAs, carbohydrates, phenols, polyphenols, pigments, toxins, pesticides, vitamins, additives, small organic and inorganic ions, chiral compounds, and other compounds in foods, as well as to investigate food interactions and food processing. The use of microchips as well as other foreseen trends in CE analysis of foods is discussed. Papers that were published during the period June 2002-June 2005 are included following the previous review by Frazier and Papadopoulou (Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4095-4105).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cifuentes
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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