51
|
EGb-761 Attenuates the Anti-proliferative Activity of Fluoride via DDK1 in PC-12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:606-614. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
52
|
Yao L, Zhang D, Zhao X, Sun B, Liu Y, Gu Q, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Che N, Zheng Y, Liu F, Wang Y, Meng J. Dickkopf-1-promoted vasculogenic mimicry in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with EMT and development of a cancer stem-like cell phenotype. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1673-85. [PMID: 27240974 PMCID: PMC4988283 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the contributions of Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1) towards the induction of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we evaluated cohorts of primary tumours, performed in vitro functional studies and generated xenograft mouse models. Vasculogenic mimicry was observed in 28 of 205 NSCLC tumours, while DKK1 was detected in 133 cases. Notably, DKK1 was positively associated with VM. Statistical analysis showed that VM and DKK1 were both related to aggressive clinical course and thus were indicators of a poor prognosis. Moreover, expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins (vimentin, Slug, and Twist), cancer stem‐like cell (CSC)‐related proteins (nestin and CD44), VM‐related proteins (MMP2, MMP9, and vascular endothelial‐cadherin), and β‐catenin‐nu were all elevated in VM‐positive and DKK1‐positive tumours, whereas the epithelial marker (E‐cadherin) was reduced in the VM‐positive and DKK1‐positive groups. Non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines with overexpressed or silenced DKK1 highlighted its role in the restoration of mesenchymal phenotypes and development of CSC characteristics. Moreover, DKK1 significantly promotes NSCLC tumour cells to migrate, invade and proliferate. In vivo animal studies demonstrated that DKK1 enhances the growth of transplanted human tumours cells, as well as increased VM formation, mesenthymal phenotypes and CSC properties. Our results suggest that DKK1 can promote VM formation via induction of the expression of EMT and CSC‐related proteins. As such, we feel that DKK1 may represent a novel target of NSCLC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Yao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chen C, Zhao M, Tian A, Zhang X, Yao Z, Ma X. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling drives proliferation of bone sarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17570-83. [PMID: 25999350 PMCID: PMC4627329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas such as osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma are frequently refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy that exhibit poor prognosis. The Wnt signaling are evolutionarily conserved and implicated in cell proliferation and sarcomagenesis. However, the potential role of the Wnt signaling in bone sarcomas is still unclear. Here we demonstrate aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone sarcoma cells, involving an autocrine Wnt signaling loop with upregulation of specific Wnt ligands and receptors. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with Wnt3a or GSK-3β inhibitor drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, whereas downregulation of activated Wnt signaling with dnTCF4 or siLEF1 suppresses bone sarcoma proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our findings establish the evidence that aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involving an autocrine Wnt singaling drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, and identify the autocrine activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a potential novel therapeutic target for bone sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Aixian Tian
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Ehrlich GD. The Paradox of Dickkopf-1: Tumor Suppressor and Tumor Enhancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:163-4. [PMID: 26990728 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.29012.gde] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Garth D Ehrlich
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,3 Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Pruitt HC, Devine DJ, Samant RS. Roles of N-Myc and STAT interactor in cancer: From initiation to dissemination. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:491-500. [PMID: 26874464 PMCID: PMC5069610 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N‐myc & STAT Interactor, NMI, is a protein that has mostly been studied for its physical interactions with transcription factors that play critical roles in tumor growth, progression and metastasis. NMI is an inducible protein, thus its intracellular levels and location can vary dramatically, influencing a diverse array of cellular functions in a context‐dependent manner. The physical interactions of NMI with its binding partners have been linked to many aspects of tumor biology including DNA damage response, cell death, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and stemness. Thus, discovering more details about the function(s) of NMI could reveal key insights into how transcription factors like c‐Myc, STATs and BRCA1 are contextually regulated. Although a normal, physiological function of NMI has not yet been discovered, it has potential roles in pathologies ranging from viral infection to cancer. This review provides a timely perspective of the unfolding roles of NMI with specific focus on cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hawley C Pruitt
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL
| | | | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Aguilera Ó, González-Sancho JM, Zazo S, Rincón R, Fernández AF, Tapia O, Canals F, Morte B, Calvanese V, Orgaz JL, Niell N, Aguilar S, Freije JM, Graña O, Pisano DG, Borrero A, Martínez-Useros J, Jiménez B, Fraga MF, García-Foncillas J, López-Otín C, Lafarga M, Rojo F, Muñoz A. Nuclear DICKKOPF-1 as a biomarker of chemoresistance and poor clinical outcome in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5903-17. [PMID: 25788273 PMCID: PMC4467410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) insurgence and progression depend on the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Dickkopf (DKK)-1 is an extracellular inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that also has undefined β-catenin-independent actions. Here we report for the first time that a proportion of DKK-1 locates within the nucleus of healthy small intestine and colon mucosa, and of CRC cells at specific chromatin sites of active transcription. Moreover, we show that DKK-1 regulates several cancer-related genes including the cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and Ral-binding protein 1-associated Eps domain-containing 2 (REPS2), which are involved in detoxification of chemotherapeutic agents. Nuclear DKK-1 expression is lost along CRC progression; however, it remains high in a subset (15%) of CRC patients (n = 699) and associates with decreased progression-free survival (PFS) after chemotherapy administration and overall survival (OS) [adjusted HR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-2.21; P = 0.002)]. Overexpression of ALDH1A1 and REPS2 associates with nuclear DKK-1 expression in tumors and correlates with decreased OS (P = 0.001 and 0.014) and PFS. In summary, our findings demonstrate a novel location of DKK-1 within the cell nucleus and support a role of nuclear DKK-1 as a predictive biomarker of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Aguilera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Rincón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olga Tapia
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria-IFIMAV, Santander, Spain.,Present address: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesc Canals
- Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Morte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Calvanese
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Present address: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - José L Orgaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Present address: Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Núria Niell
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Aguilar
- Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Freije
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña
- Bioinformatics Unit and Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - David G Pisano
- Bioinformatics Unit and Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurea Borrero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Benilde Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria-IFIMAV, Santander, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Mao L, Liu J, Zhao J, Chang J, Xia L, Jiang L, Wang X, Lin K, Fang B. Effect of micro-nano-hybrid structured hydroxyapatite bioceramics on osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cell via Wnt signaling pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:7031-44. [PMID: 26648716 PMCID: PMC4648603 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s90343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface structure of bioceramic scaffolds is crucial for its bioactivity and osteoinductive ability, and in recent years, human periodontal ligament stem cells have been certified to possess high osteogenic and cementogenic differential ability. In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics with micro-nano-hybrid surface (mnHA [the hybrid of nanorods and microrods]) were fabricated via hydrothermal reaction of the α-tricalcium phosphate granules as precursors in aqueous solution, and the effects of mnHA on the attachment, proliferation, osteogenic and cementogenic differentiations of human periodontal ligament stem cells as well as the related mechanisms were systematically investigated. The results showed that mnHA bioceramics could promote cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression of osteogenic/cementogenic-related markers including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), cementum attachment protein (CAP), and cementum protein (CEMP) as compared to the HA bioceramics with flat and dense surface. Moreover, mnHA bioceramics stimulated gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and β-catenin, which are the key genes of canonical Wnt signaling. Moreover, the stimulatory effect on ALP activity and osteogenic and cementogenic gene expression, including that of ALP, OCN, CAP, CEMP, and Runx2 of mnHA bioceramics could be repressed by canonical Wnt signaling inhibitor dickkopf1 (Dkk1). The results suggested that the HA bioceramics with mnHA could act as promising grafts for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Mao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglei Zhao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Fang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Meng S, Lu C, Zhang W, Shen W, Wei Y, Su D, Zhou F. MMSA-1 expression pattern in multiple myeloma and its clinical significance. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:599-609. [PMID: 26493349 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma-associated antigen-1 (MMSA-1) is a novel multiple myeloma (MM)-associated antigen which has been recently identified. Herein, we have tried to examine its clinical significance by studying the relationship between its expression and selected clinicopathological features. We extracted mononuclear cells from the bone marrow of MM patients and healthy donors and compared the MMSA-1 expression by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, we also analyzed MMSA-1 expression in patients that were grouped based on selected clinical parameters. Moreover, the impact of MMSA-1 on patients' survival was also explored. MMSA-1 mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated in MM patients in comparison with healthy donors. Moreover, among the newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients, the MMSA-1 expression was higher in relapsed/refractory patients. In addition, MMSA-1 mRNA expression not only showed significantly higher correlation with clinical parameters such as age, Durie and Salmon stage, bone lesion condition, albumin, creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase but also has a close relationship with myeloma bone disease-related cytokines, genetic abnormalities and treatment response. Multivariate COX analysis predicted MMSA-1 and LDH levels to be independently associated with a poor progression-free survival and overall survival in myeloma patients. Our findings provide initial proof of concept that MMSA-1 is a potent gene that is specifically expressed in MM patients and could be a feasible biomarker and independent prognostic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Meng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjun Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
The Wnt inhibitor dickkopf-1: a link between breast cancer and bone metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:857-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
60
|
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, a tight control of cell death is required to ensure normal development and tissue homeostasis. Improper function of apoptotic or survival pathways can not only affect developmental programs but also favor cancer progression. Here we describe a novel apoptotic signaling pathway involving the transmembrane receptor Kremen1 and its ligand, the Wnt-antagonist Dickkopf1. Using a whole embryo culture system, we first show that Dickkopf1 treatment promotes cell survival in a mouse model exhibiting increased apoptosis in the developing neural plate. Remarkably, this effect was not recapitulated by chemical Wnt inhibition. We then show that Dickkopf1 receptor Kremen1 is a bona fide dependence receptor, triggering cell death unless bound to its ligand. We performed Wnt-activity assays to demonstrate that the pro-apoptotic and anti-Wnt functions mediated by Kremen1 are strictly independent. Furthermore, we combined phylogenetic and mutagenesis approaches to identify a specific motif in the cytoplasmic tail of Kremen1, which is (i) specifically conserved in the lineage of placental mammals and (ii) strictly required for apoptosis induction. Finally, we show that somatic mutations of kremen1 found in human cancers can affect its pro-apoptotic activity, supporting a tumor suppressor function. Our findings thus reveal a new Wnt-independent function for Kremen1 and Dickkopf1 in the regulation of cell survival with potential implications in cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
61
|
Chiurillo MA. Role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer: An in-depth literature review. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:84-102. [PMID: 25992323 PMCID: PMC4436943 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and one of the leading cause for cancer-related deaths. Gastric adenocarcinoma is a multifactorial disease that is genetically, cytologically and architecturally more heterogeneous than other gastrointestinal carcinomas. The aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the development and progression of a significant proportion of gastric cancer cases. This review focuses on the participation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer by offering an analysis of the relevant literature published in this field. Indeed, it is discussed the role of key factors in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and their downstream effectors regulating processes involved in tumor initiation, tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Available data indicate that constitutive Wnt signalling resulting from Helicobacter pylori infection and inactivation of Wnt inhibitors (mainly by inactivating mutations and promoter hypermethylation) play an important role in gastric cancer. Moreover, a number of recent studies confirmed CTNNB1 and APC as driver genes in gastric cancer. The identification of specific membrane, intracellular, and extracellular components of the Wnt pathway has revealed potential targets for gastric cancer therapy. High-throughput “omics” approaches will help in the search for Wnt pathway antagonist in the near future.
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhang Y, Ge C, Wang L, Liu X, Chen Y, Li M, Zhang M. Induction of DKK1 by ox-LDL negatively regulates intracellular lipid accumulation in macrophages. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:52-8. [PMID: 25436422 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf1 (DKK1), a canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonist, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease and adipogenesis. We performed an in vitro study to determine whether oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) increased the expression of DKK1 in macrophages and whether β-catenin and liver X receptor α (LXRα) were involved in this regulation. Induction of DKK1 expression by ox-LDL decreased the level of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) via a Wnt/β-catenin pathway and increased ATP-binding cassette transporter A/G1 (ABCA/G1) levels via a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Lower LOX-1 and higher ABCA/G1 levels inhibited cholesterol loading in macrophages. In conclusion, ox-LDL may induce DKK1 expression in macrophages to inhibit the accumulation of lipids through a mechanism that involves downregulation of LOX-1-mediated lipid uptake and upregulation of ABCA/G1-dependent cholesterol efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Xu H, Wu J, Chen B, Li M, Tian Y, He M, Xue J, Wang J, Bai S, Sharma A, Liu H, Tang J, She JX. Serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is significantly lower in patients with lung cancer but is rapidly normalized after treatment. Am J Transl Res 2014; 6:850-856. [PMID: 25628795 PMCID: PMC4297352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
DKK1 is a secreted glycoprotein that inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling but may up-regulate the nonconanical Wnt signaling. Consistent with its inhibitory function in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, aberrant DKK1 expression has been observed in many types of human cancers, while contradicting findings have been reported in other studies. There are also several studies on serum DKK1 levels in various cancers with conflicting findings. In the present study, serum DKK1 was determined in 217 non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 35 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients and 286 matched healthy controls using a commercially available ELISA assay kit. Compared to healthy controls, serum DKK1 level was significantly lower in NSCLC (p < 10(-28)) and SCLC (p <10(-4)) patients. Interestingly, serum DKK1 level was higher in NSCLC patients in stage IV (p < 0.0005), with lymph node involvement (p < 0.0002) or with metastasis (p < 0.0001), suggesting that DKK1 may promote metastasis. After surgery and/or chemotherapy, serum DKK1 level is rapidly increased and reached levels observed in healthy controls in most patients. The degree of post therapeutic DKK1 increase varied in different treatment regimens. Our results thus provide strong evidence for the reduced levels of serum DKK1 in both types of lung cancer. However, in the context of all published studies, DKK1 appears to have a dichotomous role in cancer and its effect in a given cancer type or even a given cancer patient is likely to depend on the molecular context of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents UniversityAugusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Yanna Tian
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents UniversityAugusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Mingfang He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
- Jinpeng Life TechnologiesNanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jiangnan Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents UniversityAugusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents UniversityAugusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Haitao Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents UniversityAugusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents UniversityAugusta, GA, 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Fang J, Xu Q. Differences of osteoblastic bone metastases and osteolytic bone metastases in clinical features and molecular characteristics. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 17:173-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
65
|
Rostas JW, Pruitt HC, Metge BJ, Mitra A, Bailey SK, Bae S, Singh KP, Devine DJ, Dyess DL, Richards WO, Tucker JA, Shevde LA, Samant RS. microRNA-29 negatively regulates EMT regulator N-myc interactor in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:200. [PMID: 25174825 PMCID: PMC4169820 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-Myc Interactor is an inducible protein whose expression is compromised in advanced stage breast cancer. Downregulation of NMI, a gatekeeper of epithelial phenotype, in breast tumors promotes mesenchymal, invasive and metastatic phenotype of the cancer cells. Thus the mechanisms that regulate expression of NMI are of potential interest for understanding the etiology of breast tumor progression and metastasis. METHOD Web based prediction algorithms were used to identify miRNAs that potentially target the NMI transcript. Luciferase reporter assays and western blot analysis were used to confirm the ability of miR-29 to target NMI. Quantitive-RT-PCRs were used to examine levels of miR29 and NMI from cell line and patient specimen derived RNA. The functional impact of miR-29 on EMT phenotype was evaluated using transwell migration as well as monitoring 3D matrigel growth morphology. Anti-miRs were used to examine effects of reducing miR-29 levels from cells. Western blots were used to examine changes in GSK3β phosphorylation status. The impact on molecular attributes of EMT was evaluated using immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCRs as well as Western blot analyses. RESULTS Invasive, mesenchymal-like breast cancer cell lines showed increased levels of miR-29. Introduction of miR-29 into breast cancer cells (with robust level of NMI) resulted in decreased NMI expression and increased invasion, whereas treatment of cells with high miR-29 and low NMI levels with miR-29 antagonists increased NMI expression and decreased invasion. Assessment of 2D and 3D growth morphologies revealed an EMT promoting effect of miR-29. Analysis of mRNA of NMI and miR-29 from patient derived breast cancer tumors showed a strong, inverse relationship between the expression of NMI and the miR-29. Our studies also revealed that in the absence of NMI, miR-29 expression is upregulated due to unrestricted Wnt/β-catenin signaling resulting from inactivation of GSK3β. CONCLUSION Aberrant miR-29 expression may account for reduced NMI expression in breast tumors and mesenchymal phenotype of cancer cells that promotes invasive growth. Reduction in NMI levels has a feed-forward impact on miR-29 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Rostas
- />Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Hawley C Pruitt
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Brandon J Metge
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Aparna Mitra
- />Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Sarah K Bailey
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Sejong Bae
- />BBSF-Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- />Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Karan P Singh
- />BBSF-Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- />Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Daniel J Devine
- />Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Donna L Dyess
- />Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | | | - J Allan Tucker
- />Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- />Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- />Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Elevated levels of Dickkopf-1 are associated with β-catenin accumulation and poor prognosis in patients with chondrosarcoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105414. [PMID: 25144498 PMCID: PMC4140757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the biological role of DKK1 and β-catenin involved in chondrosarcoma has not been sufficiently investigated. This study was designed to investigate the expression profiles of DKK1 and β-catenin, and to clarify their clinical values in chondrosarcoma. METHODS The mRNA and protein levels of DKK1 and β-catenin in fresh chondrosarcoma and the corresponding non-tumor tissues were analyzed by Real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The protein expression patterns of DKK1 and β-catenin were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The associations among DKK1 level, β-catenin accumulation, clinicopathological factors and the overall survival were separately evaluated. RESULTS Both DKK1 and β-catenin levels were remarkably elevated in chondrosarcoma compared with the corresponding non-tumor tissues. High DKK1 level and positive β-catenin accumulation in chondrosarcoma specimens were 58.7% and 53.9%, respectively. Elevated DKK1 level significantly correlated with positive β-catenin accumulation, and they were remarkably associated with histological grade and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society stage. Furthermore, DKK1 level and β-catenin accumulation had significant impacts on the prognosis of chondrosarcoma patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that DKK1 level was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Elevated DKK1 levels associated with β-catenin accumulation play a crucial role in chondrosarcoma. DKK1 can serve as a novel predictor of poor prognosis in patients with chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
|
67
|
Larivière N, Law J, Trinkle-Mulcahy L. Dissection of a novel autocrine signaling pathway via quantitative secretome and interactome mapping. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3432-43. [PMID: 24956037 DOI: 10.1021/pr500392m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal homeostasis is a balancing act governed by a multitude of underlying regulatory events, and several growth factors and signaling pathways have been implicated in regulation of the balance between proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes. We show here that the signal transducer/transcription factor FIZ1 (Flt3 interacting zinc finger protein-1) is a previously unknown player in this regulatory axis, promoting an increase in proliferation of HaCaT human immortalized keratinocytes that is driven by more rapid G1/S progression and mediated by activation of the MAP/ERK kinase pathway. Utilizing quantitative SILAC-based secretome analysis, we identified the insulin growth factor binding protein IGFBP3 as the key mediating factor, demonstrating that elevated FIZ1 levels promote increased IGFBP3 expression and secretion and a concurrent increased sensitivity to IGF1 signaling, while antibody-based neutralization of IGFBP3 abrogates the FIZ1-induced growth advantage. To identify underlying protein-protein interactions likely to govern these events, we mapped the interactome of FIZ1 and found eight novel binding partners that form complexes with the protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus. These include signal transduction and transcription factors and the cell cycle regulatory NDR (Nuclear Dbf2-related) kinases. Our results provide further insight into the complex balance of epidermal homeostasis and identify FIZ1 as a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Larivière
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa , 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Huang Y, Yang X, Zhao F, Shen Q, Wang Z, Lv X, Hu B, Yu B, Fan J, Qin W. Overexpression of Dickkopf-1 predicts poor prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after orthotopic liver transplantation by promoting cancer metastasis and recurrence. Med Oncol 2014; 31:966. [PMID: 24878698 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous data had shown that Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) combined with β-catenin was a novel prognostic predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the role and mechanism of DKK1 in HCC recurrence or metastasis remain poorly understand. This study was to assess the role of DKK1 in tumor metastasis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The expression of DKK1 protein was detected in hepatic cell lines, HCC cell lines, and HCC patients after OLT with different potential of metastasis. After DKK1 expression in the HCCLM3 cells was downregulated by siRNA-mediated approach, the role of DKK1 in cell invasion and metastasis was investigated. cDNA genechip was used to analyze the differential expressed genes related with DKK1 in two pairs of HCC cells. The prognostic significance of DKK1 was further assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses in 148 HCC patients after OLT. The expression of DKK1 protein was higher in the high-invasive HCC cells and HCC patients of the disease recurrence group. With the downregulation of DKK1, HCCLM3 cells showed decreased aggressiveness in vitro and lower metastatic ability in vivo. DKK1 could regulate many genes involved in biological processes and pathways related with tumor progression. Furthermore, DKK1 overexpression correlated with tumor microvessel density in clinical HCC samples. Multivariate analysis revealed that DKK1 was an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival and cumulative recurrence in this cohort of HCC patients post-OLT. Collectively, overexpression of DKK1 was implicated in invasion/metastasis of HCC after OLT and DKK1 overexpression may be potential molecular therapeutic targets for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Napimoga MH, Nametala C, da Silva FL, Miranda TS, Bossonaro JP, Demasi APD, Duarte PM. Involvement of the Wnt-β
-catenin signalling antagonists, sclerostin and dickkopf-related protein 1, in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:550-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Cynthia Nametala
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas SP Brazil
| | | | - Jeruza P. Bossonaro
- Laboratory of Pathology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dias Demasi
- Laboratory of Pathology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Poliana Mendes Duarte
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; Guarulhos SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
D'Amelio P, Roato I, Oderda M, Soria F, Zitella A, Ferracini R, Mengozzi G, Gontero P, Isaia GC. DKK-1 in prostate cancer diagnosis and follow up. BMC Clin Pathol 2014; 14:11. [PMID: 24655661 PMCID: PMC3976154 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-14-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dickoppf-1 (DKK-1) is a negative regulator of bone formation with tumorigenic potential. The up-regulation of DKK-1 is an early event in prostate cancer (PCa) development, thus we investigated its role as a marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 159 patients who underwent prostate biopsy, either for elevated PSA or suspect digital rectal examination, between 2003 and 2010. During the biopsy, one serum sample was collected from all patients; PSA and DKK-1 were measured by ELISA technique. Amongst the biopsy of 159 patients 75 were affected by PCa and 84 were not the mean period of follow-up for these patients was 5 years; a new biopsy was performed in case of PCa suspicion. RESULTS PSA performed better than DKK-1 in detecting PCa (0.63 vs 0.51 respectively). Differently from PSA DKK-1 was significantly higher in patients who developed PCa during follow-up than in cancer-free ones, thus DKK-1 performed better than PSA in detecting these patients (0.67 vs 0.55). DKK-1 was significantly lower in patients with bone metastases, whereas PSA was not significantly different in patients with different outcomes. CONCLUSIONS DKK-1 might be predictive for patients negative at first biopsy who will develop PCa and in the prognosis of bone metastases. It performed worse than PSA in the early diagnosis of Pca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D'Amelio
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Center for Research in Experimental Medicine (CeRMS), Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Oderda
- Urology Section, Department of Surgical Science, Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Soria
- Urology Section, Department of Surgical Science, Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Zitella
- Urology Section, Department of Surgical Science, Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Baldi & Riberi Lab, Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Urology Section, Department of Surgical Science, Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carlo Isaia
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
An unexpected role for a Wnt-inhibitor: Dickkopf-1 triggers a novel cancer survival mechanism through modulation of aldehyde-dehydrogenase-1 activity. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1093. [PMID: 24577091 PMCID: PMC3944275 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling is required for the differentiation of osteoprogenitors into osteoblasts. Furthermore, tumor-derived secretion of the cWnt-antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) is known to cause bone destruction, inhibition of repair and metastasis in many bone malignancies, but its role in osteosarcoma (OS) is still under debate. In this study, we examined the role of Dkk-1in OS by engineering its overexpression in the osteochondral sarcoma line MOS-J. Consistent with the known role of Dkk-1 in osteoblast differentiation, Dkk-1 inhibited osteogenesis by the MOSJ cells themselves and also in surrounding tissue when implanted in vivo. Surprisingly, Dkk-1 also had unexpected effects on MOSJ cells in that it increased proliferation and resistance to metabolic stress in vitro and caused the formation of larger and more destructive tumors than controls upon orthotopic implantation. These effects were attributed in part to upregulation of the stress response enzyme and cancer stem cell marker aldehyde-dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1). Direct inhibition of ALDH1 reduced viability under stressful culture conditions, whereas pharmacological inhibition of cWnt or overexpression of ALDH1 had a protective effect. Furthermore, we observed that ALDH1 was transcriptionally activated in a c-Jun-dependent manner through a pathway consisting of RhoA, MAP-kinase-kinase-4 and Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), indicating that noncanonical planar cell polarity-like Wnt signaling was the mechanism responsible. Together, our results therefore demonstrate that Dkk-1 enhances resistance of OS cells to stress by tipping the balance of Wnt signaling in favor of the non-canonical Jun-mediated Wnt pathways. In turn, this results in transcriptional activation of ALDH1 through Jun-responsive promoter elements. This is the first report linking Dkk-1 to tumor stress resistance, further supporting the targeting of Dkk-1 not only to prevent and treat osteolytic bone lesions but also to reduce numbers of stress-resistant tumor cells.
Collapse
|
72
|
Scaggiante B, Kazemi M, Pozzato G, Dapas B, Farra R, Grassi M, Zanconati F, Grassi G. Novel hepatocellular carcinoma molecules with prognostic and therapeutic potentials. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1268-1288. [PMID: 24574801 PMCID: PMC3921509 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i5.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of primary liver cancer, is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The difficulty to diagnose early cancer stages, the aggressive behaviors of HCC, and the poor effectiveness of therapeutic treatments, represent the reasons for the quite similar deaths per year and incidence number. Considering the fact that the diagnosis of HCC typically occurs in the advanced stages of the disease when the therapeutic options have only modest efficacy, the possibility to identify early diagnostic markers could be of significant benefit. So far, a large number of biomarkers have been associated to HCC progression and aggressiveness, but many of them turned out not to be of practical utility. This is the reason why active investigations are ongoing in this field. Given the huge amount of published works aimed at the identification of HCC biomarkers, in this review we mainly focused on the data published in the last year, with particular attention to the role of (1) molecular and biochemical cellular markers; (2) micro-interfering RNAs; (3) epigenetic variations; and (4) tumor stroma. It is worth mentioning that a significant number of the HCC markers described in the present review may be utilized also as targets for novel therapeutic approaches, indicating the tight relation between diagnosis and therapy. In conclusion, we believe that integrated researches among the different lines of investigation indicated above should represent the winning strategies to identify effective HCC markers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
73
|
Oliveras-Ferraros C, Vazquez-Martin A, Cuyàs E, Corominas-Faja B, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Martin-Castillo B, Joven J, Menendez JA. Acquired resistance to metformin in breast cancer cells triggers transcriptome reprogramming toward a degradome-related metastatic stem-like profile. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1132-44. [PMID: 24553122 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions based on metabolic inhibitor-based therapies are expected to be less prone to acquired resistance. However, there has not been any study assessing the possibility that the targeting of the tumor cell metabolism may result in unforeseeable resistance. We recently established a pre-clinical model of estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells that were chronically adapted to grow (> 10 months) in the presence of graded, millimolar concentrations of the anti-diabetic biguanide metformin, an AMPK agonist/mTOR inhibitor that has been evaluated in multiple in vitro and in vivo cancer studies and is now being tested in clinical trials. To assess what impact the phenomenon of resistance might have on the metformin-like "dirty" drugs that are able to simultaneously hit several metabolic pathways, we employed the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software to functionally interpret the data from Agilent whole-human genome arrays in the context of biological processes, networks, and pathways. Our findings establish, for the first time, that a "global" targeting of metabolic reprogramming using metformin certainly imposes a great selective pressure for the emergence of new breast cancer cellular states. Intriguingly, acquired resistance to metformin appears to trigger a transcriptome reprogramming toward a metastatic stem-like profile, as many genes encoding the components of the degradome (KLK11, CTSF, FREM1, BACE-2, CASP, TMPRSS4, MMP16, HTRA1), cancer cell migration and invasion factors (TP63, WISP2, GAS3, DKK1, BCAR3, PABPC1, MUC1, SPARCL1, SEMA3B, SEMA6A), stem cell markers (DCLK1, FAK), and key pro-metastatic lipases (MAGL and Cpla2) were included in the signature. Because this convergent activation of pathways underlying tumor microenvironment interactions occurred in low-proliferative cancer cells exhibiting a notable downregulation of the G 2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulators that maintain genome stability (CCNB1, CCNB2, CDC20, CDC25C, AURKA, AURKB, BUB1, CENP-A, CENP-M) and pro-autophagic features (i.e., TRAIL upregulation and BCL-2 downregulation), it appears that the unique mechanism of acquired resistance to metformin has opposing roles in growth and metastatic dissemination. While refractoriness to metformin limits breast cancer cell growth, likely due to aberrant mitotic/cytokinetic machinery and accelerated autophagy, it notably increases the potential of metastatic dissemination by amplifying the number of pro-migratory and stemness inputs via the activation of a significant number of proteases and EMT regulators. Future studies should elucidate whether our findings using supra-physiological concentrations of metformin mechanistically mimic the ultimate processes that could paradoxically occur in a polyploid, senescent-autophagic scenario triggered by the chronic metabolic stresses that occur during cancer development and after treatment with cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Oliveras-Ferraros
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vazquez-Martin
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain; Unit of Clinical Research; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kim IG, Kim SY, Kim HA, Kim JY, Lee JH, Choi SI, Han JR, Kim KC, Cho EW. Disturbance of DKK1 level is partly involved in survival of lung cancer cells via regulation of ROMO1 and γ-radiation sensitivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:49-55. [PMID: 24269823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf1 (DKK1), a secreted protein involved in embryonic development, is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway and has been postulated to be a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the tumor type. In this study, we showed that DKK1 was expressed differently among non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. The DKK1 expression level was much higher in A549 cells than in H460 cells. We revealed that blockage of DKK1 expression by silencing RNA in A549 cells caused up-regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator (ROMO1) protein, followed by partial cell death, cell growth inhibition, and loss of epithelial-mesenchymal transition property caused by ROS, and it also increased γ-radiation sensitivity. DKK1 overexpression in H460 significantly inhibited cell survival with the decrease of ROMO1 level, which induced the decrease of cellular ROS. Thereafter, exogenous N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, or hydrogen peroxide, a pro-oxidant, partially rescued cells from death and growth inhibition. In each cell line, both overexpression and blockage of DKK1 not only elevated p-RB activation, which led to cell growth arrest, but also inactivated AKT/NF-kB, which increased radiation sensitivity and inhibited cell growth. This study is the first to demonstrate that strict modulation of DKK1 expression in different cell types partially maintains cell survival via tight regulation of the ROS-producing ROMO1 and radiation resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, University of Science and Technology (UST), 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Yoen Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yul Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ha Lee
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, University of Science and Technology (UST), 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Im Choi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, University of Science and Technology (UST), 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ran Han
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Kug Chan Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Wie Cho
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Beauregard M, Gagnon E, Guay-Bélanger S, Siris ES, Morissette J, Brown JP, Michou L. Genetic association study of Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin genes with paget disease of bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 93:405-12. [PMID: 23836157 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of DKK1 gene was reported in pagetic osteoblasts and stromal cells, and increased serum levels of DKK1 and SOST proteins were reported in patients with Paget disease of bone (PDB). This study aimed at identifying rare genetic variants of the DKK1 and SOST genes and at testing for genetic association with PDB in the French-Canadian population. Exons, promoters, and exon-intron junctions of these genes were sequenced in patients with PDB and healthy controls. An association study of Tag SNPs of both genes was also performed in 239 pagetic patients and 297 healthy individuals. Three rare variants were identified in this study, all located in the DKK1 gene: one variant in the second exon leading to alteration in a highly conserved amino acid (p.R120L), one in the 5'-untranslated region (-50 C/A), and one in a splice site of intron 1 (IVS1 184 T/C), although none of these rare variants were associated with PDB. A genetic association of a Tag SNP of the DKK1 gene was found: the G allele of rs1569198 was significantly decreased in patients in comparison to controls (42 vs. 49 %, uncorrected P = 0.03, OR = 0.77, 95 % CI 0.61-0.98). In conclusion, this study identified three rare genetic variants in DKK1 in the French-Canadian population. In addition, a weak genetic association of a common variant of DKK1, rs1569198, which is located on a predicted new acceptor site for splicing of this gene, was observed in PDB, whereas no rare variant or genetic association was found in the SOST gene.
Collapse
|
76
|
Locke FL, Nishihori T, Alsina M, Kharfan-Dabaja MA. Immunotherapy strategies for multiple myeloma: the present and the future. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:1005-20. [PMID: 23998734 PMCID: PMC4905571 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing knowledge of the complexities of the immune system have led to a better understanding of how it can be harnessed for the purpose of anticancer therapy. Moreover, recent success with immunotherapies for solid tumors, combined with novel therapeutic strategies against myeloma, heighten excitement at the prospect of improving clinical outcomes for myeloma by improving antitumor immunity. Increased understanding of myeloma tumor-associated antigens, availability of more potent vaccines, expanded immune-modulating therapies, development of agents that block immune-suppressive pathways, increased sophistication of adoptive cell therapy techniques and capitalization upon standard autologous transplant are all important standalone or combination strategies that might ultimately improve prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L Locke
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplantation, H Lee Moffitt Cancer, Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB-3, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplantation, H Lee Moffitt Cancer, Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB-3, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Melissa Alsina
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplantation, H Lee Moffitt Cancer, Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB-3, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplantation, H Lee Moffitt Cancer, Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB-3, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Qu Y, Ray PS, Li J, Cai Q, Bagaria SP, Moran C, Sim MS, Zhang J, Turner RR, Zhu Z, Cui X, Liu B. High levels of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 correlate with poor prognosis and promote tumourigenesis in gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3718-28. [PMID: 23927957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1), Wnt signalling regulator, can positively or negatively regulate tumourigenesis and progression. We sought to determine the clinical relevance and the role of sFRP1 in gastric cancer development and progression. METHODS We investigated the sFRP1 protein expression levels and its clinicopathological correlations using 85 cases of human gastric samples with survival information (JWCI cohort). mRNA levels of sFRP1 and coexpressed genes were analysed using 131-sample cDNA microarray data (Ruijin cohort). The effects of sFRP1 alteration were investigated using cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion and xenograft models. RESULTS We show that sFRP1 is overexpressed in some human cancers and is significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and decreased overall survival in gastric cancer patients. Using gastric cancer cell models, we demonstrate that sFRP1 overexpression is correlated with the activation of TGFβ (transforming growth factor-beta) signalling pathway and thereby induces cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and invasion. Conversely, sFRP1 knockdown shows the opposite effects. Furthermore, sFRP1 overexpression promotes tumourigenesis and metastasis in a xenograft model. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate that sFRP1 is a biomarker for aggressive subgroups of human gastric cancer and a prognostic biomarker for patients with poor survival. Our data provide insight into a crosstalk between Wnt and TGFβ pathways which underlies gastric cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Ke HZ, Richards WG, Li X, Ominsky MS. Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 as therapeutic targets in bone diseases. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:747-83. [PMID: 22723594 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The processes of bone growth, modeling, and remodeling determine the structure, mass, and biomechanical properties of the skeleton. Dysregulated bone resorption or bone formation may lead to metabolic bone diseases. The Wnt pathway plays an important role in bone formation and regeneration, and expression of two Wnt pathway inhibitors, sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), appears to be associated with changes in bone mass. Inactivation of sclerostin leads to substantially increased bone mass in humans and in genetically manipulated animals. Studies in various animal models of bone disease have shown that inhibition of sclerostin using a monoclonal antibody (Scl-Ab) increases bone formation, density, and strength. Additional studies show that Scl-Ab improves bone healing in models of bone repair. Inhibition of DKK1 by monoclonal antibody (DKK1-Ab) stimulates bone formation in younger animals and to a lesser extent in adult animals and enhances fracture healing. Thus, sclerostin and DKK1 are emerging as the leading new targets for anabolic therapies to treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis and for bone repair. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the effects of Scl-Ab and DKK1-Ab in humans for the treatment of bone loss and for bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu Ke
- Metabolic Disorders Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, MS 29-M-B, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Fernández Vallone VB, Hofer EL, Choi H, Bordenave RH, Batagelj E, Feldman L, La Russa V, Caramutti D, Dimase F, Labovsky V, Martínez LM, Chasseing NA. Behaviour of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow of untreated advanced breast and lung cancer patients without bone osteolytic metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 30:317-32. [PMID: 23053744 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumour cells can find in bone marrow (BM) a niche rich in growth factors and cytokines that promote their self-renewal, proliferation and survival. In turn, tumour cells affect the homeostasis of the BM and bone, as well as the balance among haematopoiesis, osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and bone-resorption. As a result, growth and survival factors normally sequestered in the bone matrix are released, favouring tumour development. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from BM can become tumour-associated fibroblasts, have immunosuppressive function, and facilitate metastasis by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, MSCs generate osteoblasts and osteocytes and regulate osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, MSCs can play an important pro-tumorigenic role in the formation of a microenvironment that promotes BM and bone metastasis. In this study we showed that BM MSCs from untreated advanced breast and lung cancer patients, without bone metastasis, had low osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity compared to that of healthy volunteers. In contrast, chondrogenic differentiation was increased. Moreover, MSCs from patients had lower expression of CD146. Finally, our data showed higher levels of Dkk-1 in peripheral blood plasma from patients compared with healthy volunteers. Because no patient had any bone disorder by the time of the study we propose that the primary tumour altered the plasticity of MSCs. As over 70 % of advanced breast cancer patients and 30-40 % of lung cancer patients will develop osteolytic bone metastasis for which there is no total cure, our findings could possibly be used as predictive tools indicating the first signs of future bone disease. In addition, as the MSCs present in the BM of these patients may not be able to regenerate bone after the tumour cells invasion into BM/bone, it is possible that they promote the cycle between tumour cell growth and bone destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria B Fernández Vallone
- Experimental Biology and Medicine Institute, CONICET, 2490 Vuelta de Obligado, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Cervello M, Bachvarov D, Lampiasi N, Cusimano A, Azzolina A, McCubrey JA, Montalto G. Molecular mechanisms of sorafenib action in liver cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2843-55. [PMID: 22801548 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, recently received FDA approval for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, as the clinical application of sorafenib evolves, there is increasing interest in defining the mechanisms underlying its anti-tumor activity. Considering that this specific inhibitor could target unexpected molecules depending on the biologic context, a precise understanding of its mechanism of action could be critical to maximize its treatment efficacy, while minimizing adverse effects. Two human HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7), carrying different biological and genetic characteristics, were used in this study to examine the intracellular events leading to sorafenib-induced HCC cell-growth inhibition. Sorafenib inhibited cell growth in both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner and significantly altered expression levels of 826 and 2011 transcripts in HepG2 and Huh7 cells, respectively. Genes functionally involved in angiogenesis, apoptosis, transcription regulation, signal transduction, protein biosynthesis and modification were predominantly upregulated, while genes implicated in cell cycle control, DNA replication recombination and repair, cell adhesion, metabolism and transport were mainly downregulated upon treatment. However, each sorafenib-treated HCC cell line displayed specificity in the expression and activity of crucial factors involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. The altered expression of some of these genes was confirmed by semiquantitative and quantitative RT-PCR and by western blotting. Many novel genes emerged from our transcriptomics analysis that had not previously been reported to be effected by sorafenib. Further functional analyses may determine whether these genes can serve as potential molecular targets for more effective anti-HCC strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology Alberto Monroy, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
DNAJB6 governs a novel regulatory loop determining Wnt/β-catenin signalling activity. Biochem J 2012; 444:573-80. [PMID: 22455953 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
DKK1 (dickkopf 1 homologue) is a secreted inhibitor of the Wnt signalling pathway and a critical modulator of tumour promotion and the tumour microenvironment. However, mechanisms regulating DKK1 expression are understudied. DNAJB6 {DnaJ [HSP40 (heat-shock protein 40 kDa)] homologue, subfamily B, member 6} is an HSP40 family member whose expression is compromised during progression of breast cancer and melanoma. Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway by up-regulation of DKK1 is one of the key mechanisms by which DNAJB6 suppresses tumour metastasis and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition). Analysis of the DKK1 promoter to define the cis-site responsible for its up-regulation by DNAJB6 revealed the presence of two binding sites for a transcriptional repressor, MSX1 (muscle segment homeobox 1). Our investigations showed that MSX1 binds the DKK1 promoter and inhibits DKK1 transcription. Interestingly, silencing DNAJB6 resulted in up-regulation of MSX1 concomitant with increased stabilization of β-catenin. ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) studies revealed that β-catenin binds the MSX1 promoter and stabilization of β-catenin elevates MSX1 transcription, indicating that β-catenin works as a transcription co-activator for MSX1. Functionally, exogenous expression of MSX1 in DNAJB6-expressing cells promotes the mesenchymal phenotype by suppression of DKK1. Thus we have identified a novel regulatory mechanism of DNAJB6-mediated DKK1 transcriptional up-regulation that can influence EMT. DKK1 is a feedback regulator of β-catenin levels and thus our studies also define an additional negative control of this β-catenin/DKK1 feedback loop by MSX1, which may potentially contribute to excessive stabilization of β-catenin.
Collapse
|
82
|
Herr P, Hausmann G, Basler K. WNT secretion and signalling in human disease. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:483-93. [PMID: 22796206 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling, a key pathway involved in various aspects of embryonic development, also underlies many human diseases, in particular, cancer. Research focused on signal transduction within signal-receiving cells led to the discovery of many Wnt pathway components, but study of the secretion of Wnt ligands themselves was neglected until recently. Attention was drawn to this highly regulated process by the association of aberrant Wnt levels with an increasing number of diseases. Studying the biogenesis and processing of active Wnt ligands will open new avenues for generating therapeutics to specifically target aberrant Wnt signalling. Here we review the proteins required for Wnt secretion and signalling at the plasma membrane, ending with a discussion on potential therapeutic approaches to treat Wnt-induced diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Herr
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Immunogenic targets for specific immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:820394. [PMID: 22611422 PMCID: PMC3352660 DOI: 10.1155/2012/820394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease although the prognosis has been improved by novel therapeutics and agents recently. Relapse occurs in the majority of patients and becomes fatal finally. Immunotherapy might be a powerful intervention to maintain a long-lasting control of minimal residual disease or to even eradicate disseminated tumor cells. Several tumor-associated antigens have been identified in patients with multiple myeloma. These antigens are expressed in a tumor-specific or tumor-restricted pattern, are able to elicit immune response, and thus could serve as targets for immunotherapy. This review discusses immunogenic antigens with therapeutic potential for multiple myeloma.
Collapse
|
84
|
DNAJB6 chaperones PP2A mediated dephosphorylation of GSK3β to downregulate β-catenin transcription target, osteopontin. Oncogene 2012; 31:4472-83. [PMID: 22266849 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the oncoprotein, osteopontin (OPN), are associated with poor outcome of several types of cancers including melanoma. We have previously reported an important involvement of DNAJB6, a member of heat-shock protein 40 (HSP40) family, in negatively impacting tumor growth. The current study was prompted by our observations reported here which revealed a reciprocal relationship between DNAJB6 and OPN in melanoma specimens. The 'J domain' is the most conserved domain of HSP40 family of proteins. Hence, we assessed the functional role of the J domain in activities of DNAJB6. We report that the J domain of DNAJB6 is involved in mediating OPN suppression. Deletion of the J domain renders DNAJB6 incapable of impeding malignancy and suppressing OPN. Our mechanistic investigations reveal that DNAJB6 binds HSPA8 (heat-shock cognate protein, HSC70) and causes dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) at Ser 9 by recruiting protein phosphatase, PP2A. This dephosphorylation activates GSK3β, leading to degradation of β-catenin and subsequent loss of TCF/LEF (T cell factor1/lymphoid enhancer factor1) activity. Deletion of the J domain abrogates assembly of this multiprotein complex and renders GSK3β inactive, thus, stabilizing β-catenin, a transcription co-activator for OPN expression. Our in-vitro and in-vivo functional analyses show that silencing OPN expression in the background of deletion of the J domain renders the resultant tumor cells less malignant despite the presence of stabilized β-catenin. Thus, we have uncovered a new mechanism for regulation of GSK3β activity leading to inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
|
85
|
Mitra A, Menezes ME, Pannell LK, Mulekar MS, Honkanen RE, Shevde LA, Samant RS. DNAJB6 chaperones PP2A mediated dephosphorylation of GSK3β to downregulate β-catenin transcription target, osteopontin. Oncogene 2012. [PMID: 22266849 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.623.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the oncoprotein, osteopontin (OPN), are associated with poor outcome of several types of cancers including melanoma. We have previously reported an important involvement of DNAJB6, a member of heat-shock protein 40 (HSP40) family, in negatively impacting tumor growth. The current study was prompted by our observations reported here which revealed a reciprocal relationship between DNAJB6 and OPN in melanoma specimens. The 'J domain' is the most conserved domain of HSP40 family of proteins. Hence, we assessed the functional role of the J domain in activities of DNAJB6. We report that the J domain of DNAJB6 is involved in mediating OPN suppression. Deletion of the J domain renders DNAJB6 incapable of impeding malignancy and suppressing OPN. Our mechanistic investigations reveal that DNAJB6 binds HSPA8 (heat-shock cognate protein, HSC70) and causes dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) at Ser 9 by recruiting protein phosphatase, PP2A. This dephosphorylation activates GSK3β, leading to degradation of β-catenin and subsequent loss of TCF/LEF (T cell factor1/lymphoid enhancer factor1) activity. Deletion of the J domain abrogates assembly of this multiprotein complex and renders GSK3β inactive, thus, stabilizing β-catenin, a transcription co-activator for OPN expression. Our in-vitro and in-vivo functional analyses show that silencing OPN expression in the background of deletion of the J domain renders the resultant tumor cells less malignant despite the presence of stabilized β-catenin. Thus, we have uncovered a new mechanism for regulation of GSK3β activity leading to inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mitra
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|