51
|
Maia C, Santos C, Schmitt F, Socorro S. Regucalcin is under-expressed in human breast and prostate cancers: Effect of sex steroid hormones. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:667-76. [PMID: 19347872 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Regucalcin plays an important role in maintenance of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, suppresses cell proliferation, inhibits expression of oncogenes, and increases the expression of tumour suppressor genes. This suggests that regucalcin functions may be altered in cancer tissues. In this study the regucalcin expression in breast and prostate cancer cases was analysed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showing that the mRNA and/or protein are under-expressed in these tumors. The effect of sex steroid hormones on regucalcin expression in breast and prostate cancer cells was determined by real-time PCR. MCF-7 and LNCaP cells were stimulated with 0, 1, and 10 nM of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) or 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), respectively, for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. MCF-7 cells were also stimulated with E(2) conjugated to BSA (E(2)-BSA). To explore the mechanisms underlying the sex steroid regulation of regucalcin expression, control treatments with ICI 182,780, flutamide and cyclohexamide were carried out. E(2) effects regulating regucalcin expression were not abrogated in the presence of ICI 182,780, and were similar to those observed with E(2)-BSA, which suggests the involvement of a membrane-bound estrogen receptor. In LNCaP cells, DHT down-regulated regucalcin expression, an effect inhibited by the presence of both flutamide and cyclohexamide, suggesting the involvement of androgen receptor and de novo protein synthesis. The loss of regucalcin expression in breast and prostate cancer cases and the regulation of its expression by sex steroid hormones suggest that it may be associated with development and progression of these human tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Maia
- CICS, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Yamaguchi M. Novel protein RGPR-p117: its role as the regucalcin gene transcription factor. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 327:53-63. [PMID: 19214710 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RGPR-p117 was originally discovered as a novel protein that binds to a nuclear factor I (NFI) consensus motif TTGGC(N)(6)CC, which is present in the 5'-flanking region of the regucalcin gene (rgn). RGPR-p117 has been identified in human, rat, mouse, bovine, rabbit, and chicken livers. Phylogenetic analysis of six vertebrates shows that RGPR-p117 appears to form a single cluster, indicating a common evolutionary relationship of the RGPR-p117 family. The RGPR-p117 gene consists of at least 26 exons spanning approximately 4.1 kbp and is localized on human chromosome 1q25.2. RGPR-p117 mRNA is expressed in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and brain of rats. RGPR-p117 mRNA expression is stimulated through signaling mechanisms. Mammalian RGPR-p117 conserves a leucine zipper motif, which is present in many gene regulatory proteins. RGPR-p117 has been shown to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in NRK52E cells, a process which is mediated through protein kinase C signaling following hormonal stimulation. The phosphorylated RGPR-p117 binds to the TTGGC motif in the promoter region of the regucalcin gene and enhances regucalcin mRNA expression in the cells, indicating a role as a transcriptional factor. RGPR-p117 is also localized in the plasma membranes, nucleus, mitochondria, microsomes, and cytoplasm. Overexpression of RGPR-p117 has been found to induce a significant decrease in protein and DNA contents in cells, suggesting that RGPR-p117 may regulate the gene expression of other related proteins as well as the transcription factor. Also, overexpression of RGPR-p117 has a suppressive effect on cell death by inhibiting the gene expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, and Fas-associating death domain protein whose TTGGC motif is present in the promoter region of their genes. The novel protein RGPR-p117 has been shown to play an important role as a transcription factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMRB, Atlanta, GA 30322-0001, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Son TG, Kim SJ, Kim K, Kim MS, Chung HY, Lee J. Cytoprotective roles of senescence marker protein 30 against intracellular calcium elevation and oxidative stress. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:872-7. [PMID: 18704329 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is identified as an important aging marker molecule and known to play multifunctional roles as an intracellular calcium regulatory protein in the signaling process. To elucidate the functional significance of SMP30, we established the stably transfected P19 cell line with SMP30 expression vector. Overexpression of SMP30 slightly suppressed the proliferation of P19 cells. However, SMP30 overexpression was cytoprotective against calcium-mediated stress such as calcium ionophore (A23187), and thapsigargin. We found that SMP30 overexpression reduced the elevated intracellular calcium levels induced by A23187, but not by thapsigargin. In addition, SMP30 transfected P19 cells were more protective to tert-butylhydroperoxide induced cytotoxicity, indicating the antioxidative properties of SMP30. Taken together, our results suggest that external calcium regulation and antioxidant properties are involved in the cytoprotective mechanism of SMP30.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gen Son
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Longevity Life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Lv S, Wang JH, Liu F, Gao Y, Fei R, Du SC, Wei L. Senescence marker protein 30 in acute liver failure: validation of a mass spectrometry proteomics assay. BMC Gastroenterol 2008; 8:17. [PMID: 18507831 PMCID: PMC2435529 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous proteomic study showed that the senescence marker protein (SMP30) is selectively present in the plasma of a murine model of acute liver failure (ALF). The aim of this study was to validate this SMP30 expression in the plasma and liver tissues of mice and humans with ALF. METHODS After the proteomic analysis of plasma from a murine model of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-induced ALF by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry, the expression levels of SMP30 in the plasma and liver tissues were validated by western blot and RT-PCR analyses. These results were then confirmed in plasma samples from humans. RESULTS These data validate the results of 2-DE, and western blot showed that SMP30 protein levels were only elevated in the plasma of ALF mice. Further analysis revealed that GalN/LPS induced the downregulation of SMP30 protein levels in liver tissues (by approximately 25% and 16% in the GalN/LPS-treated mice and in the treated mice that survived, respectively; P < 0.01). Hepatic SMP30 mRNA levels decreased by about 90% only in the mice that survived the GalN/LPS treatment. Importantly, plasma obtained from patients with ALF also contained higher levels of SMP30, about (3.65 +/- 0.34) times those observed in healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION This study shows that SMP30 is not only a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and even prognosis of ALF. It also plays a very important role in a self-protective mechanism in survival and participates in the pathophysiological processes of ALF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sa Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Maia CJB, Santos CR, Schmitt F, Socorro S. Regucalcin is expressed in rat mammary gland and prostate and down-regulated by 17beta-estradiol. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 311:81-6. [PMID: 18157649 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Regucalcin is involved in maintenance of calcium homeostasis due to the activation of Ca2+ pumping enzymes in the plasma membrane. It has a suppressive effect in cell proliferation, DNA and RNA synthesis, and may be associated with the abnormal cell division on tumor tissues. On the other hand both estrogens and Ca2+ are implicated in breast and prostate cancer but there are no studies focused on the expression of regucalcin in rat mammary gland or prostate. Furthermore, it is known that the expression of regucalcin in rat liver and kidney is regulated by 17beta-estradiol (E2). The aim of this study is to analyze if regucalcin is expressed in rat mammary gland and prostate and if it is regulated by E2 in these tissues. We demonstrated for the first time that regucalcin mRNA and protein are present in rat mammary gland and prostate by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Furthermore, we show by Real-time PCR that E2 down-regulates regucalcin expression in rat mammary gland and prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio J B Maia
- Centre of Investigation in Health Sciences-CICS, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilha, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Elchuri S, Naeemuddin M, Sharpe O, Robinson WH, Huang TT. Identification of biomarkers associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in CuZn superoxide dismutase deficient mice. Proteomics 2007; 7:2121-9. [PMID: 17514684 PMCID: PMC2729784 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200601011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To identify biomarkers associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, Sod1) deficient mice, 2-DE followed by MS analysis was carried out with liver samples obtained from 18-month-old Sod1-/- and +/+ mice. The intracellular Ca binding protein, regucalcin (RGN), showed a divergent alteration in Sod1-/- samples. Whereas elevated RGN levels were observed in -/- samples with no obvious neoplastic changes, marked reduction in RGN was observed in -/- samples with fully developed HCC. GST mu1 (GSTM1), on the other hand, showed a significant increase only in the neoplastic regions obtained from Sod1-/- livers. No change in GSTM1 was observed in the surrounding normal tissues. Marked reduction was observed in two intracellular lipid transporters, fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) and major urinary protein 11 and 8 (MUP 11&8), in Sod1-/- samples. Analysis of additional samples at 18-22 months of age showed a three-fold increase in enolase activities in Sod1-/- livers. Consistent with previous findings, carbonic anhydrase 3 (CAIII) levels were significantly reduced in Sod1-/- samples, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the reduction was not homogenous throughout the lobular structure in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailaja Elchuri
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohammed Naeemuddin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Orr Sharpe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William H. Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Nakagawa T, Yamaguchi M. Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses cell response for tumor necrosis factor-alpha or transforming growth factor-beta1 in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:1178-90. [PMID: 17063480 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory role of regucalcin on cell responses for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was investigated using the cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells overexpressing regucalcin. NRK52E cells (wild type) and stable regucalcin (RC)/pCXN2-transfected cells (transfectant) were cultured for 72 h in a medium containing 5% bovine serum (BS) to obtain subconfluent monolayers. After culture, cells were further cultured for 24-72 h in medium without BS containing either vehicle, TNF-alpha (0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml of medium), or TGF-beta1 (1.0 or 5.0 ng/ml). Culture with TNF-alpha or TGF-beta1 caused a significant decrease in the number of wild-type cells. This decrease was significantly prevented in transfectants overexpressing regucalcin. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of low-molecular-weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments of adherent wild-type cells cultured with TNF-alpha (1.0 ng/ml) or TGF-beta1 (5.0 ng/ml). This DNA fragmentation was significantly suppressed in transfectants. TNF-alpha- or TGF-beta1-induced cell death was significantly prevented in culture with caspase-3 inhibitor (10(-8) M). Nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity in wild-type cells was significantly increased by addition of calcium chloride (10 microM) and calmodulin (5 microg/ml) into the enzyme reaction mixture. This increase was significantly suppressed in transfectants. Culture with TNF-alpha caused a significant increase in NO synthase activity in wild-type cells. The effect of TNF-alpha was not seen in transfectants. Culture with TGF-beta1 did not cause a significant increase in NO synthase activity in wild-type cells and transfectants. Culture with TNF-alpha or TGF-beta1 caused a remarkable increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin in wild-type cells. This increase was significantly prevented in transfectants. The expression of Smad 2 or NF-kappaB mRNAs was significantly increased in transfectants as compared with that of wild-type cells. Smad 3 or glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) mRNA expression was not significantly changed in transfectants. NF-kappaB mRNA expression in wild-type cells was significantly increased with culture of TNF-alpha. Smad 2 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced in wild-type cells cultured with TGF-beta1. These effects of TNF-alpha or TGF-beta1 were not significantly enhanced in transfectants. This study demonstrates that overexpression of regucalcin has suppressive effects on cell responses which are mediated through intracellular signaling pathways of TNF-alpha or TGF-beta1 in kidney NRK52E cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Nakashima C, Yamaguchi M. Overexpression of regucalcin enhances glucose utilization and lipid production in cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells: Involvement of insulin resistance. J Cell Biochem 2007; 99:1582-92. [PMID: 16817230 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The role of regucalcin, which is a regulatory protein in intracellular signaling pathway, in the regulation of glucose utilization and lipid production was investigated using the cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells overexpressing regucalcin. The hepatoma cells (wild-type) and stable regucalcin/pCXN2-transfected cells (transfectant) were cultured for 72 h in a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to obtain subconfluent monolayers. Cells with subconfluency were cultured for 24 or 72 h in medium containing either vehicle or insulin (10(-8) or 10(-7) M) with or without supplementation of glucose (10, 25, or 50 mg/ml of medium) in the absence of insulin. The production of triglyceride and free fatty acid was significantly increased in transfectants cultured without insulin and glucose supplementation as compared with that of wild-type cells. The supplementation of glucose (10, 25, or 50 mg/ml) caused a remarkable increase in medium glucose consumption, triglyceride, and free fatty acid productions in transfectants cultured without insulin. The presence of insulin (10(-7) M) caused a significant increase in medium glucose consumption, triglyceride, and free fatty acid productions in wild-type cells cultured with glucose supplementation. These increases were significantly prevented in transfectants cultured for 72 h. The expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, HMG-CoA reductase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) mRNAs in wild-type cells was not significantly changed by culture with or without glucose supplementation in the presence of insulin. These gene expressions were not significantly changed in transfectants. The expression of glucose transporter 2 mRNA was significantly increased in transfectants as compared with that of wild-type cells. Such an increase was not seen in transfectants cultured in the presence of insulin with or without glucose supplementation. This study demonstrates that overexpression of regucalcin enhances glucose utilization and lipid production in the cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells, and that it regulates the effect of insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikage Nakashima
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Nakagawa T, Yamaguchi M. Overexpression of regucalcin enhances its nuclear localization and suppresses L-type Ca2+ channel and calcium-sensing receptor mRNA expressions in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells. J Cell Biochem 2006; 99:1064-77. [PMID: 16767692 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of regucalcin (RC), a regulatory protein in intracellular signaling pathway, on the gene expression of various mineral ion transport-related proteins was investigated using the cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells overexpressing RC. NRK52E cells (wild-type) and stable RC/pCXN2 transfectant were cultured for 72 h in medium containing 5% bovine serum (BS) to obtain subconfluent monolayers. After culture for 72 h, cells were further cultured 24-72 h in a medium containing either vehicle, aldosterone (10(-8) or 10(-7) M), or parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) (10(-8) or 10(-7) M) without BS. RC was markedly localized in the nucleus of transfectants. Overexpression of RC caused a significant increase in rat outer medullary K(+) channel (ROMK) mRNA expression, while it caused a remarkable decrease in L-type Ca(2+) channel and calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) mRNA expressions. Overexpression of RC did not have an effect on epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), Na, K-ATPase (alpha-subunit), Type II Na-Pi cotransporter (NaPi-IIa), angiotensinogen, Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger, and glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) mRNA expressions. Hormonal effect on gene expression, moreover, was examined. Culture with aldosterone (10(-8) or 10(-7) M) caused a significant increase in ENaC, Na, K-ATPase, and ROMK mRNA expressions in the wild-type cells. Those increases were weakened in the transfectants. Culture with PTH (10(-8) or 10(-7) M) significantly decreased NaPi-IIa mRNA expression in the wild-type cells. This effect was not altered in the transfectants. PTH significantly decreased angiotensinogen mRNA expression in the wild-type cells and the transfectants, while aldosterone had no effect. Culture with PTH (10(-8) or 10(-7) M) caused a significant decrease in L-type Ca(2+) channel and CaR mRNA expressions in the wild-type cells, while the hormone significantly increased Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger mRNA expression. The effects of PTH on L-type Ca(2+) channel, CaR, and Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger mRNA expressions were also seen in the transfectants. This study demonstrates that overexpression of RC caused a remarkable increase in its nuclear localization, and that it has suppressive effects on the gene expression of L-type Ca(2+) channel or CaR, which regulates intracellular Ca(2+) signaling, among various regulator proteins for mineral ions in NRK52E cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Sawada N, Yamaguchi M. Overexpression of RGPR-p117 enhances regucalcin gene promoter activity in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells: involvement of TTGGC motif. J Cell Biochem 2006; 99:589-97. [PMID: 16676356 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel protein RGPR-p117 was discovered as regucalcin gene promoter region-related protein that binds to the TTGGC motif using a yeast one-hybrid system. RGPR-p117 is localized in the nucleus of kidney cells, and overexpression of RGPR-p117 can modulate regucalcin protein and its mRNA expression in the cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells. This study was undertaken to determine whether overexpression of RGPR-p117 enhances the regucalcin promoter activity using the -710/+18 LUC construct (wild-type) or -710/+18 LUC construct (mutant) with deletion of -523/-435 including TTGGC motif. NRK52E cells (wild-type) or stable HA-RGPR-p117/phCMV2-transfected cells (transfectant) were cultured in Dulbecco's minimum essential medium (DMEM) containing 5% bovine serum (BS). Wild-type cells or transfectants were transfected with the -710/+18 LUC construct vector or the -710/+18 LUC construct with deletion of -523/-435. Wild-type cells or transfectants with subconfluency were cultured for 48 h in a DMEM medium containing either vehicle, BS (5%), or parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH; 10(-7) M). Luciferase activity in wild-type cells was significantly increased with culture of BS or PTH. This increase was significantly blocked in the presence of various protein kinase inhibitors (staurosporine and PD 98059). Luciferase activity in transfectants was significantly increased as compared with that of wild-type cells in the absence of BS or PTH. The increase in luciferase activity in transfectants was completely decreased in mutant with deletion of -523/-435 sequence of regucalcin promoter. This was also seen using the -710/+18 LUC construct with deletion of -523/-503 sequence containing TTGGC motif. The increase in luciferase activity in transfectants was not significantly enhanced with culture of BS (5%), PTH (10(-7) M), Bay K 8644 (10(-6) M), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10(-6) M), or N(6), 2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (DcAMP; 10(-4) M). The increase in luciferase activity in transfectants was completely inhibited with culture of dibucaine (10(-6) M), staurosporine (10(-9) M), PD 98059 (10(-8) M), wortmannin (10(-8) M), genistein (10(-6) M), vanadate (10(-6) M), or okadaic acid (10(-6) M) which are inhibitors of various kinases and protein phosphatases. This study demonstrates that RGPR-p117 can enhance the regucalcin promoter activity which is related to the NF-1 consensus sequences including TTGGC motif, and that its enhancing effect is partly mediated through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in NRK52E cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Bucladesine/pharmacology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
- Clone Cells
- Consensus Sequence
- DNA/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter
- Hormones/pharmacology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Luciferases/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Sequence Deletion
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sulfotransferases
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Transfection
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Sawada
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga Ward, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Nakagawa T, Yamaguchi M. Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses apoptotic cell death in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells: Change in apoptosis-related gene expression. J Cell Biochem 2005; 96:1274-85. [PMID: 16167335 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of regucalcin, a regulatory protein in intracellular signaling pathway, on cell death and apoptosis was investigated using the cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells overexpressing regucalcin. NRK52E cells (wild type) and stable regucalcin (RC)/pCXN2 transfectants were cultured for 72 h in a medium containing 5% bovine serum (BS) to obtain subconfluent monolayers. After culture for 72 h, cells were further cultured for 24-72 h in a medium without BS containing either vehicle, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml of medium), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.1 or 1.0 microg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10(-9)-10(-7) M), or thapsigargin (10(-9)-10(-7) M). The number of wild-type cells was significantly decreased by culture for 42-72 h in the presence of TNF-alpha (0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml), LPS (0.1 or 1.0 microg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10(-7)-10(-5) M), or thapsigargin (10(-8) or 10(-7) M). The effect of TNF-alpha (0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml), LPS (0.1 or 1.0 microg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10(-7)-10(-6) M), or thapsigargin (10(-7) M) in decreasing the number of wild-type cells cultured for 24-72 h was significantly prevented in transfectants overexpressing regucalcin. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of low-molecular-weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments of adherent wild-type cells cultured with LPS (1.0 microg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10(-7) M), or thapsigargin (10(-8) M) for 24 h, and this DNA fragmentation was significantly suppressed in transfectants. DNA fragmentation in adherent cells was not seen by culture with TNF-alpha (1.0 ng/ml). TNF-alpha-induced decrease in the number of wild-type cells was significantly prevented by culture with caspase-3 inhibitor (10(-8) M), while LPS- or Bay K 8644-induced decrease in cell number was significantly prevented by caspase-3 inhibitor or N omega-nitro-L-arginine methylester (NAME) (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Thapsigargin-induced decrease in cell number was not prevented in the presence of two inhibitors. Bcl-2 and Akt-1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in transfectants cultured for 24 h as compared with those of wild-type cells, while Apaf-1, caspase-3, or glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) mRNA expressions were not significantly changed in transfectants. Culture with TNF-alpha (1.0 ng/ml), LPS (1.0 microg/ml), Bay K 8644 (l0(-7) M), or thapsigargin (10(-8) M) caused a significant increase in caspase-3 mRNA levels in wild-type cells. LPS (1.0 microg/ml) significantly decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression in the cells. Their effects on the gene expression of apoptosis-related proteins were not significantly changed in transfectants. This study demonstrates that overexpression of regucalcin has a suppressive effect on cell death and apoptosis induced by various factors which their action are mediated through many intracellular signaling pathways, and that it modulates the gene expression of apoptosis-related proteins.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/metabolism
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/pharmacology
- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clone Cells
- DNA Fragmentation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, bcl-2/drug effects
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Sulfotransferases
- Thapsigargin/metabolism
- Thapsigargin/pharmacology
- Transfection
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|