51
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Stachecka J, Walczak A, Kociucka B, Ruszczycki B, Wilczyński G, Szczerbal I. Nuclear organization during in vitro differentiation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 149:113-126. [PMID: 29134302 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of progenitor cells into adipocytes is accompanied by remarkable changes in cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and gene expression profile. Mature adipocytes are filled with a large lipid droplet and the nucleus tends to move to the cell periphery. It was hypothesized that the differentiation process is also associated with changes of nuclear organization. The aim of this study was to determine the number and distribution of selected components of nuclear architecture during porcine in vitro adipogenesis. The pig is an important animal model sharing many similarities to humans at the anatomical, physiological, and genetic levels and has been recognized as a good model for human obesity. Thus, understanding how cellular structures important for fundamental nuclear processes may be altered during adipocyte differentiation is of great importance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) and were cultured for 7 days in the adipogenic medium. A variable differentiation potential of these cell populations towards adipogenic lineage was observed, and for further study, a comparative characteristic of the nuclear organization in BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs was performed. Nuclear substructures were visualized by indirect immunofluorescence (nucleoli, nuclear speckles, PML bodies, lamins, and HP1α) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (telomeres) on fixed cells at 0, 3, 5, and 7 days of differentiation. Comprehensive characterization of these structures, in terms of their number, size, dynamics, and arrangement in three-dimensional space of the nucleus, was performed. It was found that during differentiation of porcine MSCs into adipocytes, changes of nuclear organization occurred and concerned: (1) the nuclear size and shape; (2) reduced lamin A/C expression; and (3) reorganization of chromocenters. Other elements of nuclear architecture such as nucleoli, SC-35 nuclear speckles, and telomeres showed no significant changes when compared to undifferentiated and mature fat cells. In addition, the presence of a low number of PML bodies was characteristic of the studied porcine mesenchymal stem cell adipogenesis system. It has been shown that the arrangement of selected components of nuclear architecture was very similar in MSCs derived from different sources, whereas adipocyte differentiation involves nuclear reorganization. This study adds new data on nuclear organization during adipogenesis using the pig as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stachecka
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Walczak
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Kociucka
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Błażej Ruszczycki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wilczyński
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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52
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Serebryannyy L, Misteli T. Protein sequestration at the nuclear periphery as a potential regulatory mechanism in premature aging. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:21-37. [PMID: 29051264 PMCID: PMC5748986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serebryannyy and Misteli provide a perspective on how protein sequestration at the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina might influence aging. Despite the extensive description of numerous molecular changes associated with aging, insights into the driver mechanisms of this fundamental biological process are limited. Based on observations in the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, we explore the possibility that protein regulation at the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina contributes to the aging process. In support, sequestration of nucleoplasmic proteins to the periphery impacts cell stemness, the response to cytotoxicity, proliferation, changes in chromatin state, and telomere stability. These observations point to the nuclear periphery as a central regulator of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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53
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Perepelina K, Dmitrieva R, Ignatieva E, Borodkina A, Kostareva A, Malashicheva A. Lamin A/C mutation associated with lipodystrophy influences adipogenic differentiation of stem cells through interaction with Notch signaling. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:342-348. [PMID: 29040816 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins A and C are involved in many cellular functions, owing to its ability to bind chromatin and transcription factors and affect their properties. Mutations of the LMNA gene encoding lamin A/C affect differentiation capacity of stem cells. However, the signaling pathways involved in interactions with lamins during cellular differentiation remain unclear. Lipodystrophy associated with LMNA mutation R482L causes loss of fat tissue. In this study we investigated the role of LMNA mutation R482L in modulating Notch signaling activity in the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Notch was activated using lentiviral Notch intracellular domain. Activation of Notch was estimated through the expression of Notch-responsive genes by qPCR and by activation of a luciferase CSL-reporter construct. The effect of LMNA mutation on Notch activation and adipogenic differentiation was analyzed in cells bearing lentiviral LMNA WT or LMNA R482L. We show that, when Notch is activated, LMNA R482L contributes to down-regulation of Notch activation in undifferentiated and differentiated cells, and decreases adipogenic differentiation. Thus, lamin A/C interacts with Notch signaling, thereby influencing cellular differentiation, and point mutation in LMNA could halt this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Perepelina
- e Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova street, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russia.,f Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9, Universitetskaya nab., Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - R Dmitrieva
- a Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Ignatieva
- a Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Borodkina
- c Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, Tikhoretsky ave., Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - A Kostareva
- a Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,g ITMO University, Institute of Translational Medicine, 49 Kronverkskiy ave., Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - A Malashicheva
- a Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,b Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,d ITMO University, Institute of Translational Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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54
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Davies SJ, Ryan J, O'Connor PBF, Kenny E, Morris D, Baranov PV, O'Connor R, McCarthy TV. Itm2a silencing rescues lamin A mediated inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Adipocyte 2017; 6:259-276. [PMID: 28872940 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1362510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is associated with multiple metabolic disorders. One such disease, known as Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2) is characterized by defective fat metabolism and storage. FPLD2 is caused by a specific subset of mutations in the LMNA gene. The mechanisms by which LMNA mutations lead to the adipose specific FPLD2 phenotype have yet to be determined in detail. We used RNA-Seq analysis to assess the effects of wild-type (WT) and mutant (R482W) lamin A on the expression profile of differentiating 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes and identified Itm2a as a gene that was upregulated at 36 h post differentiation induction in these cells. In this study we identify Itm2a as a novel modulator of adipogenesis and show that endogenous Itm2a expression is transiently downregulated during induction of 3T3-L1 differentiation. Itm2a overexpression was seen to moderately inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes while shRNA mediated knockdown of Itm2a significantly enhanced 3T3-L1 differentiation. Investigation of PPARγ levels indicate that this enhanced adipogenesis is mediated through the stabilization of the PPARγ protein at specific time points during differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that Itm2a knockdown is sufficient to rescue the inhibitory effects of lamin A WT and R482W mutant overexpression on 3T3-L1 differentiation. This suggests that targeting of Itm2a or its related pathways, including autophagy, may have potential as a therapy for FPLD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Davies
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - James Ryan
- Mater Private Hospital, Citygate, Mahon, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Elaine Kenny
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek Morris
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pavel V. Baranov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Rosemary O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Tommie V. McCarthy
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
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55
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Bermeo S, Al-Saedi A, Kassem M, Vidal C, Duque G. The Role of the Nuclear Envelope Protein MAN1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4425-4435. [PMID: 28449239 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in MAN1, a protein of the nuclear envelope, cause bone phenotypes characterized by hyperostosis. The mechanism of this pro-osteogenic phenotype remains unknown. We increased and decreased MAN1 expression in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) upon which standard osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were performed. MAN1 knockdown increased osteogenesis and mineralization. In contrast, osteogenesis remained stable upon MAN1 overexpression. Regarding a mechanism, we found that low levels of MAN1 facilitated the nuclear accumulation of regulatory smads and smads-related complexes, with a concurrently high expression of nuclear β-Catenin. In addition, we found adipogenesis to be decreased in both conditions, although predominantly affected by MAN1 overexpression. Finally, lamin A, a protein of the nuclear envelope that regulates MSC differentiation, was unaffected by changes in MAN1. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that lower levels of MAN1 in differentiating MSC are associated with higher osteogenesis and lower adipogenesis. High levels of MAN1 only affected adipogenesis. These effects could have an important role in the understanding of the role of the proteins of the nuclear envelope in bone formation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4425-4435, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bermeo
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ahmed Al-Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Odense C, Denmark
| | - Christopher Vidal
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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56
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Lamin A overexpression promotes osteoblast differentiation and calcification in the MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:664-670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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57
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Zhang W, Zhang C, Chen P, Yang C, Gan X, Hussain M, Xun Y, Tian Y, Du H. Circulation autoantibody against Lamin A/C in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Oncotarget 2016; 7:80252-80261. [PMID: 27835913 PMCID: PMC5348317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C proteins are major components of nuclear laminae and were encoded by the LMNA gene. Recent studies have found that in addition to provides nuclear-membrane strength; it also regulates the gene expression. Lamin A/C has been confirmed as an autoantigen in RA, SLE and vasculitis. Anti-Lamin A/C antibodies also have been found by indirect immunofluorescence method. In this study, we used various research methods to confirm Lamin A/C is an autoantigen in Han Chinese patients with confirmed Sjögren's syndrome (SS). To further investigate the relationship between the autoimmune disease antigens, we compared the amino acid sequence of Lamin A/C epitope and several common antigens' antigenic determinant. As a result, we found that Lamin A/C has similar epitopes with U1RNP. It means that the potential relationship exist between Lamin A/C and U1RNP. Clinical data we collected also showed that anti-Lamin A/C and anti-U1RNP antibodies always appear in same serum sample. Therefore, we speculated that cross-reaction may take place between antigen and potential antigen, which have similar epitope. Then, by epitope spreading, the potential antigen can be a new autoantigen. Our study provided a new thinking for further research about the relationship between autoantigens and their development mechanism in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhe Yang
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Gan
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Xun
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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58
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Jacobson E, Perry JK, Long DS, Vickers MH, O'Sullivan JM. A potential role for genome structure in the translation of mechanical force during immune cell development. Nucleus 2016; 7:462-475. [PMID: 27673560 PMCID: PMC5120600 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1238998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells react to a wide range of environments, both chemical and physical. While the former has been extensively studied, there is growing evidence that physical and in particular mechanical forces also affect immune cell behavior and development. In order to elicit a response that affects immune cell behavior or development, environmental signals must often reach the nucleus. Chemical and mechanical signals can initiate signal transduction pathways, but mechanical forces may also have a more direct route to the nucleus, altering nuclear shape via mechanotransduction. The three-dimensional organization of DNA allows for the possibility that altering nuclear shape directly remodels chromatin, redistributing critical regulatory elements and proteins, and resulting in wide-scale gene expression changes. As such, integrating mechanotransduction and genome architecture into the immunology toolkit will improve our understanding of immune development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Jacobson
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jo K. Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David S. Long
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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59
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Bell ES, Lammerding J. Causes and consequences of nuclear envelope alterations in tumour progression. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:449-464. [PMID: 27397692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological changes in the size and shape of the nucleus are highly prevalent in cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and the functional relevance remain poorly understood. Nuclear envelope proteins, which can modulate nuclear shape and organization, have emerged as key components in a variety of signalling pathways long implicated in tumourigenesis and metastasis. The expression of nuclear envelope proteins is altered in many cancers, and changes in levels of nuclear envelope proteins lamins A and C are associated with poor prognosis in multiple human cancers. In this review we highlight the role of the nuclear envelope in different processes important for tumour initiation and cancer progression, with a focus on lamins A and C. Lamin A/C controls many cellular processes with key roles in cancer, including cell invasion, stemness, genomic stability, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and resistance to mechanical stress. In addition, we discuss potential mechanisms mediating the changes in lamin levels observed in many cancers. A better understanding of cause-and-effect relationships between lamin expression and tumour progression could reveal important mechanisms for coordinated regulation of oncogenic processes, and indicate therapeutic vulnerabilities that could be exploited for improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Bell
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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60
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N-cadherin is Key to Expression of the Nucleus Pulposus Cell Phenotype under Selective Substrate Culture Conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28038. [PMID: 27292569 PMCID: PMC4904275 DOI: 10.1038/srep28038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the intervertebral disc are essential for synthesizing extracellular matrix that contributes to disc health and mechanical function. NP cells have a unique morphology and molecular expression pattern derived from their notochordal origin, and reside in N-cadherin (CDH2) positive cell clusters in vivo. With disc degeneration, NP cells undergo morphologic and phenotypic changes including loss of CDH2 expression and ability to form cell clusters. Here, we investigate the role of CDH2 positive cell clusters in preserving healthy, biosynthetically active NP cells. Using a laminin-functionalized hydrogel system designed to mimic features of the native NP microenvironment, we demonstrate NP cell phenotype and morphology is preserved only when NP cells form CDH2 positive cell clusters. Knockdown (CRISPRi) or blocking CDH2 expression in vitro and in vivo results in loss of a healthy NP cell. Findings also reveal that degenerate human NP cells that are CDH2 negative can be promoted to re-express CDH2 and healthy, juvenile NP matrix synthesis patterns by promoting cell clustering for controlled microenvironment conditions. This work also identifies CDH2 interactions with β-catenin-regulated signaling as one mechanism by which CDH2-mediated cell interactions can control NP cell phenotype and biosynthesis towards maintenance of healthy intervertebral disc tissues.
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61
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Wallrath LL, Bohnekamp J, Magin TM. Cross talk between the cytoplasm and nucleus during development and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 37:129-136. [PMID: 27110666 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a process whereby mechanical stimuli outside the cell are sensed by components of the plasma membrane and transmitted as signals through the cytoplasm that terminate in the nucleus. The nucleus responds to these signals by altering gene expression. During mechanotransduction, complex networks of proteins are responsible for cross talk between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. These proteins include cell membrane receptors, cytoplasmic filaments, LINC complex members that bridge the nucleus and cytoplasm, and nuclear envelope proteins that connect to the chromatin. Mechanotransduction also plays a critical role in development. Furthermore, it is possible that disrupted mechanotransduction leads to changes in gene expression that underlie the pathogenic mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jens Bohnekamp
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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62
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Uzer G, Fuchs RK, Rubin J, Thompson WR. Concise Review: Plasma and Nuclear Membranes Convey Mechanical Information to Regulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1455-63. [PMID: 26891206 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors including chemical, hormonal, spatial, and physical cues determine stem cell fate. While the regulation of stem cell differentiation by soluble factors is well-characterized, the role of mechanical force in the determination of lineage fate is just beginning to be understood. Investigation of the role of force on cell function has largely focused on "outside-in" signaling, initiated at the plasma membrane. When interfaced with the extracellular matrix, the cell uses integral membrane proteins, such as those found in focal adhesion complexes to translate force into biochemical signals. Akin to these outside-in connections, the internal cytoskeleton is physically linked to the nucleus, via proteins that span the nuclear membrane. Although structurally and biochemically distinct, these two forms of mechanical coupling influence stem cell lineage fate and, when disrupted, often lead to disease. Here we provide an overview of how mechanical coupling occurs at the plasma and nuclear membranes. We also discuss the role of force on stem cell differentiation, with focus on the biochemical signals generated at the cell membrane and the nucleus, and how those signals influence various diseases. While the interaction of stem cells with their physical environment and how they respond to force is complex, an understanding of the mechanical regulation of these cells is critical in the design of novel therapeutics to combat diseases associated with aging, cancer, and osteoporosis. Stem Cells 2016;34:1455-1463.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunes Uzer
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robyn K Fuchs
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William R Thompson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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63
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Abstract
Mechanoresponses in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) guide both differentiation and function. In this review, we focus on advances in0 our understanding of how the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, nuclear envelope and nucleoskeleton, which are connected via LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complexes, are emerging as an integrated dynamic signaling platform to regulate MSC mechanobiology. This dynamic interconnectivity affects mechanical signaling and transfer of signals into the nucleus. In this way, nuclear and LINC-mediated cytoskeletal connectivity play a critical role in maintaining mechanical signaling that affects MSC fate by serving as both mechanosensory and mechanoresponsive structures. We review disease and age related compromises of LINC complexes and nucleoskeleton that contribute to the etiology of musculoskeletal diseases. Finally we invite the idea that acquired dysfunctions of LINC might be a contributing factor to conditions such as aging, microgravity and osteoporosis and discuss potential mechanical strategies to modulate LINC connectivity to combat these conditions.
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64
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Fafián-Labora J, Fernández-Pernas P, Fuentes I, De Toro J, Oreiro N, Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Mateos J, Arufe M. Influence of age on rat bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells potential. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16765. [PMID: 26581954 PMCID: PMC4652164 DOI: 10.1038/srep16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells promising role in cell-based therapies and tissue engineering appears to be limited due to a decline of their regenerative potential with increasing donor age. Six age groups from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of Wistar rats were studied (newborn, infant, young, pre-pubertal, pubertal and adult). Quantitative proteomic assay was performance by iTRAQ using an 8-plex iTRAQ labeling and the proteins differentially expressed were grouped in pluripotency, proliferative and metabolism processes. Proliferation makers, CD117 and Ki67 were measure by flow cytometry assay. Real time polymerase chain reaction analysis of pluripotency markers Rex1, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog were done. Biological differentiation was realized using specific mediums for 14 days to induce osteogenesis, adipogenesis or chondrogenesis and immunostain analysis of differentiated cell resulting were done. Enzimoimmunoassay analysis of several enzymes as L-lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase were also done to validate iTRAQ data. Taking together these results indicate for the first time that mesenchymal stem cells have significant differences in their proliferative, pluripotency and metabolism profiles and those differences are age depending.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fafián-Labora
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC). Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC). SERGAS. Departamento de Medicina. Facultade de Oza. Universidade de A Coruña (UDC). As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
| | - P. Fernández-Pernas
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC). Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC). SERGAS. Departamento de Medicina. Facultade de Oza. Universidade de A Coruña (UDC). As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
| | - I. Fuentes
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC). Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC). SERGAS. Departamento de Medicina. Facultade de Oza. Universidade de A Coruña (UDC). As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. De Toro
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC). Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC). SERGAS. Departamento de Medicina. Facultade de Oza. Universidade de A Coruña (UDC). As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
| | - N. Oreiro
- Grupo de Proteómica-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII-Servicio de Reumatologia. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC). As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, España
| | - S. Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Nutricional y Médica (FENM-CHUAC). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC). Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC). SERGAS. Departamento de Medicina. Facultade de Oza. Universidade de A Coruña (UDC). As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Mateos
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC). Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC). SERGAS. Departamento de Medicina. Facultade de Oza. Universidade de A Coruña (UDC). As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
| | - M.C. Arufe
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC). Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC). SERGAS. Departamento de Medicina. Facultade de Oza. Universidade de A Coruña (UDC). As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
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