51
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Cho YD, Ryoo HM. Trans-differentiation via Epigenetics: A New Paradigm in the Bone Regeneration. J Bone Metab 2018; 25:9-13. [PMID: 29564301 PMCID: PMC5854825 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, growing cells or tissues in the laboratory is necessary when damaged cells can not heal by themselves. Acquisition of the required cells from the patient's own cells or tissues is an ideal option without additive side effects. In this context, cell reprogramming methods, including the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and trans-differentiation, have been widely studied in regenerative research. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages, and the possibility of de-differentiation because of the epigenetic memory of iPSCs has strengthened the need for controlling the epigenetic background for successful cell reprogramming. Therefore, interest in epigenetics has increased in the field of regenerative medicine. Herein, we outline in detail the cell trans-differentiation method using epigenetic modification for bone regeneration in comparison to the use of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dan Cho
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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52
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Chien KH, Chang YL, Wang ML, Chuang JH, Yang YC, Tai MC, Wang CY, Liu YY, Li HY, Chen JT, Kao SY, Chen HL, Lo WL. Promoting Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-driven Biomineralization and Periodontal Regeneration in Rats with Maxillary-Molar Defects using Injectable BMP-6 Hydrogel. Sci Rep 2018; 8:114. [PMID: 29311578 PMCID: PMC5758833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease may cause considerable destruction of alveolar bone, periodontal ligaments (PDLs) and cementum and even lead to progressive oral dysfunction. Periodontal tissue regeneration is the ultimate goal of periodontal disease treatment to reconstruct both structures and functions. However, the regenerative efficiency is low, possibly due to the lack of a proper periodontal microenvironment. In this study, we applied an injectable and thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin/glycerol phosphate hydrogel to provide a 3D environment for transplanted stem cells and to enhance stem cell delivery and engraftment. The iPSCs-BMP-6-hydrogel complex promoted osteogenesis and the differentiation of new connective tissue and PDL formation. In animal models of maxillary-molar defects, the iPSCs-BMP-6-hydrogel-treated group showed significant mineralization with increased bone volume, trabecular number and trabecular thickness. Synergistic effects of iPSCs and BMP-6 increased both bone and cementum formation. IPSCs-BMP-6-hydrogel-treated animals showed new bone synthesis (increased ALP- and TRAP-positive cells), new PDL regeneration (shown through Masson’s trichrome staining and a qualification assay), and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that hydrogel-encapsulated iPSCs combined with BMP-6 provide a new strategy to enhance periodontal regeneration. This combination not only promoted stem cell-derived graft engraftment but also minimized the progress of inflammation, which resulted in highly possible periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hung Chien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hua Chuang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Tai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Chest, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yang Li
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Torng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Li Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Lo
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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53
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Hisanaga Y, Suzuki E, Aoki H, Sato M, Saito A, Saito A, Azuma T. Effect of the combined use of enamel matrix derivative and atelocollagen sponge scaffold on osteoblastic differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:240-249. [PMID: 29044527 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a candidate cell source in periodontal regenerative therapy. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been shown to regenerate periodontal tissues, and atelocollagen sponge (ACS) is considered a suitable scaffold or carrier for growth factors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined use of EMD and an ACS scaffold on cell behaviors and differentiation of mouse iPSCs (miPSCs) in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Following embryonic body formation from miPSCs, dissociated cells (miPS-EB-derived cells) were seeded onto ACS with or without EMD, and cultured in osteoblast differentiation medium. Scanning electron microscopy and histological analyses were used to assess cell morphology and infiltration within the ACS. Cell viability (metabolism) was determined using an MTS assay, and expression of mRNA of osteoblastic differentiation markers was assessed by quantitative RT -PCR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining intensity and activity were evaluated. Mineralization was assessed by von Kossa staining, and calcium content was quantitated using the methylxylenol blue method. RESULTS By 24 hours after seeding, miPS-EB-derived cells in both the EMD and control groups had attached to and infiltrated the ACS scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that by day 14, many cytoplasmic protrusions and extracellular deposits, suggestive of calcified matrix, were present in the EMD group. There was a time-dependent increase in cell viability up to day 3, but no difference between groups was observed at any time point. The levels expressed of ALP and osterix genes were significantly higher in the EMD group than in the control group. Expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 was increased in the EMD group compared with the control group on day 7. EMD upregulated the expression of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin on day 14, whereas expression of osteocalcin was lower at all time points. The staining intensity and activity of ALP were higher in the EMD group than in the control group. Mineralization levels and calcium contents were significantly higher in the EMD group throughout the observation period. CONCLUSION These data suggest that combining ACS with EMD increases levels of osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in miPS-EB-derived cells, compared with ACS used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hisanaga
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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54
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Xie H, Dubey N, Shim W, Ramachandra C, Min K, Cao T, Rosa V. Functional Odontoblastic-Like Cells Derived from Human iPSCs. J Dent Res 2017; 97:77-83. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517730026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have an intrinsic capability for indefinite self-renewal and large-scale expansion and can differentiate into all types of cells. Here, we tested the potential of iPSCs from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to differentiate into functional odontoblasts. DPSCs were reprogrammed into iPSCs via electroporation of reprogramming factors OCT-4, SOX2, KLF4, LIN28, and L-MYC. The iPSCs presented overexpression of the reprogramming genes and high protein expressions of alkaline phosphatase, OCT4, and TRA-1-60 in vitro and generated tissues from 3 germ layers in vivo. Dentin discs with poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds containing iPSCs were implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. After 28 d from implantation, the iPSCs generated a pulp-like tissue with the presence of tubular dentin in vivo. The differentiation potential after long-term expansion was assessed in vitro. iPSCs and DPSCs of passages 4 and 14 were treated with either odontogenic medium or extract of bioactive cement for 28 d. Regardless of the passage tested, iPSCs expressed putative markers of odontoblastic differentiation and kept the same mineralization potential, while DPSC P14 failed to do the same. Analysis of these data collectively demonstrates that human iPSCs can be a source to derive human odontoblasts for dental pulp research and test bioactivity of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Xie
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - N. Dubey
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - W. Shim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - C.J.A. Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - K.S. Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - T. Cao
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - V. Rosa
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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55
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Abstract
Currently regeneration of tooth and periodontal damage still remains great challenge. Stem cell-based tissue engineering raised novel therapeutic strategies for tooth and periodontal repair. Stem cells for tooth and periodontal regeneration include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from the dental apical papilla (SCAPs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). To date, substantial advances have been made in stem cell-based tooth and periodontal regeneration, including dentin-pulp, whole tooth, bioroot and periodontal regeneration. Translational investigations have been performed such as dental stem cell banking and clinical trials. In this review, we present strategies for stem cell-based tissue engineering for tooth and periodontal repair, and the translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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56
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Ardeshirylajimi A. Applied Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Combination With Biomaterials in Bone Tissue Engineering. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3034-3042. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell SciencesSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouri
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57
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Tassi SA, Sergio NZ, Misawa MYO, Villar CC. Efficacy of stem cells on periodontal regeneration: Systematic review of pre-clinical studies. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:793-812. [PMID: 28394043 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to evaluate mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) periodontal regenerative potential in animal models. MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases were searched for quantitative pre-clinical controlled animal model studies that evaluated the effect of local administration of MSC on periodontal regeneration. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Periodontal defects were surgically created in all studies. In seven studies, periodontal inflammation was experimentally induced following surgical defect creation. Differences in defect morphology were identified among the studies. Autogenous, alogenous and xenogenous MSC were used to promote periodontal regeneration. These included bone marrow-derived MSC, periodontal ligament (PDL)-derived MSC, dental pulp-derived MSC, gingival margin-derived MSC, foreskin-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, adipose tissue-derived MSC, cementum-derived MSC, periapical follicular MSC and alveolar periosteal cells. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneities in study designs. In most of the studies, local MSC implantation was not associated with adverse effects. The use of bone marrow-derived MSC for periodontal regeneration yielded conflicting results. In contrast, PDL-MSC consistently promoted increased PDL and cementum regeneration. Finally, the adjunct use of MSC improved the regenerative outcomes of periodontal defects treated with membranes or bone substitutes. Despite the quality level of the existing evidence, the current data indicate that the use of MSC may provide beneficial effects on periodontal regeneration. The various degrees of success of MSC in periodontal regeneration are likely to be related to the use of heterogeneous cells. Thus, future studies need to identify phenotypic profiles of highly regenerative MSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Tassi
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Z Sergio
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Y O Misawa
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Villar
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Dental School, San Antonio, TX, USA
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58
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Yang B, Qiu Y, Zhou N, Ouyang H, Ding J, Cheng B, Sun J. Application of Stem Cells in Oral Disease Therapy: Progresses and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2017; 8:197. [PMID: 28421002 PMCID: PMC5376595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated and pluripotent cells that can differentiate into specialized cells with a more specific function. Stem cell therapies become preferred methods for the treatment of multiple diseases. Oral and maxillofacial defect is one kind of the diseases that could be most possibly cured by stem cell therapies. Here we discussed oral diseases, oral adult stem cells, iPS cells, and the progresses/challenges/perspectives of application of stem cells for oral disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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59
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Bastami F, Nazeman P, Moslemi H, Rezai Rad M, Sharifi K, Khojasteh A. Induced pluripotent stem cells as a new getaway for bone tissue engineering: A systematic review. Cell Prolif 2017; 50:e12321. [PMID: 27905670 PMCID: PMC6529104 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are frequently used for bone regeneration, however, they are limited in quantity. Moreover, their proliferation and differentiation capabilities reduce during cell culture expansion. Potential application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been reported as a promising alternative source for bone regeneration. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature on osteogenic potential of iPSCs and to discuss methods applied to enhance their osteogenic potential. METHODS AND MATERIALS A thorough search of MEDLINE database was performed from January 2006 to September 2016, limited to English-language articles. All in vitro and in vivo studies on application of iPSCs in bone regeneration were included. RESULTS The current review is organized according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were categorized according to three different approaches used for osteo-induction of iPSCs. Data are summarized and reported according to the following variables: types of study, cell sources used for iPSC generation, applied reprogramming methods, applied osteo-induction methods and treatment groups. CONCLUSION According to the articles reviewed, osteo-induced iPSCs revealed osteogenic capability equal to or superior than MSCs; cell sources do not significantly affect osteogenic potential of iPSCs; addition of resveratrol to the osteogenic medium (OM) and irradiatiation after osteogenic induction reduce teratoma formation in animal models; transfection with lentiviral bone morphogenetic protein 2 results in higher mineralization compared to osteo-induction in OM; addition of TGF-β, IGF-1 and FGF-β to OM increases osteogenic capability of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Bastami
- Medical Nano‐Technology & Tissue Engineering Research CenterSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pantea Nazeman
- Medical Nano‐Technology & Tissue Engineering Research CenterSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamidreza Moslemi
- School of DentistryShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Medical Nano‐Technology & Tissue Engineering Research CenterSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Department of Tissue EngineeringSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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60
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Yan GQ, Wang X, Yang F, Yang ML, Zhang GR, Wang GK, Zhou Q. MicroRNA-22 Promoted Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Targeting HDAC6. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1653-1658. [PMID: 28195408 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells transplantation is a promising therapy strategy for accelerating periodontal regeneration and reconstruction. Genetic modification could induce stem cells directional differentiation to facilitate recovery of physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-22 on human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). First, a cellular model of osteogenic differentiation was first established by osteogenic inductive cocktail. Real-time PCR determined that expression of miR-22 was significantly increased during PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation. Alizirin red staining showed that overexpression of miR-22 in PDLSCs induced better mineralized nodule formation. Real-time PCR and Western blot further confirmed up-regulation of osteogenic genes Runx2 and OPN in miR-22-overexpressing PDLSCs. Conversely, inhibition of miR-22 delayed the process of PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was identified as a target gene of miR-22. Overexpression of miR-22 not only reduced the luciferase activity of the reporter containing the 3' untranslated region of HDAC6 mRNA, but also suppressed the endogenous protein expression of HDAC6. Rescue experiment showed that the promotion role of miR-22 in osteogenic differentiation could be relieved by overexpression of HDAC6. Meanwhile, overexpression of HDAC6 alone could also delay the osteogenic differentiation process. The results demonstrated that miR-22 promoted PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting HDAC6 expression, suggesting that miR-22 might be developed as a target of genetic modified stem cells therapy for periodontal diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1653-1658, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qi Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of stomatology, China Medical University School, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institution of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min-Liang Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of stomatology, China Medical University School, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gui-Rong Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guo-Kun Wang
- Institution of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of stomatology, China Medical University School, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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61
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Wu PH, Chung HY, Wang JH, Shih JC, Kuo MYP, Chang PC, Huang YD, Wang PC, Chang CC. Amniotic membrane and adipose-derived stem cell co-culture system enhances bone regeneration in a rat periodontal defect model. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 115:186-94. [PMID: 26073611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory process that potentially leads to alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss. Tissue engineering combined with stem cell therapy is a potential effective treatment for periodontal bone loss. Amniotic membrane (AM) is a potential scaffold enriched with multiple growth factors. It has the effects of anti-inflammation, antiangiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Herein, we used adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and an AM co-cultured system to study bone regeneration in a rat periodontal defect model in vivo. METHODS Human ADSCs were isolated from the infrapatellar fat pad, and characterized by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and multipotent differentiation assays. The co-culture system was applied in the periodontal two-wall osseous defect in a rat model, and computed tomography was used to measure the effect. RESULTS Human ADSCs isolated from the infrapatellar fat pad showed spindle-like morphology. Flow cytometry results demonstrated that ADSCs expressed a high level of CD90 and CD105, but not CD31, CD34, and CD45. ADSCs strongly expressed stemness genes, including SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, and KLF4 on different passages. Furthermore, ADSCs were able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cells. In the periodontal osseous defect rat model, ADSCs and the AM co-culture system significantly increased bone regeneration. CONCLUSION This study provides the basis for using ADSCs with an AM co-culture system as stem cell therapy and scaffold transplantation in clinical periodontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yi Chung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Shih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mark Yen-Ping Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Der Huang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, College of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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62
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Malyshev IY, Yanushevich OO. [Tissue engineering of the tooth: directions of development, achievements and unresolved problems]. STOMATOLOGIIA 2017; 96:72-79. [PMID: 28858286 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201796472-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Malyshev
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
| | - O O Yanushevich
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
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63
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Ma MS, Kannan V, de Vries AE, Czepiel M, Wesseling EM, Balasubramaniyan V, Kuijer R, Vissink A, Copray SCVM, Raghoebar GM. Characterization and comparison of osteoblasts derived from mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:21-30. [PMID: 26747612 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New developments in stem cell biology offer alternatives for the reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects. One of these developments is the use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. These stem cells are similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells, but can be generated from adult somatic cells and therefore do not raise ethical concerns. Proper characterization of iPS-derived osteoblasts is important for future development of safe clinical applications of these cells. For this reason, we differentiated mouse ES and iPS cells toward osteoblasts using osteogenic medium and compared their functionality. Immunocytochemical analysis showed significant expression of bone markers (osteocalcin and collagen type I) in osteoblasts differentiated from ES and iPS cells on days 7 and 30. An in vitro mineralization assay confirmed the functionality of osteogenically differentiated ES and iPS cells. Gene expression arrays focusing on osteogenic differentiation were performed in order to compare the gene expression pattern in both differentiated and undifferentiated ES cells and iPS cells. We observed a significant upregulation of osteogenesis-related genes such as Runx2, osteopontin, collagen type I, Tnfsf11, Csf1, and alkaline phosphatase upon osteogenic differentiation of the ES and iPS cells. We further validated the expression of key osteogenic genes Runx2, osteopontin, osteocalcin, collagen type I, and osterix in both differentiated and undifferentiated ES and iPS cells by means of quantified real-time polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that ES and iPS cells are similar in their osteogenic differentiation capacities, as well as in their gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-San Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vishnu Kannan
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneriek E de Vries
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcin Czepiel
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn M Wesseling
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veerakumar Balasubramaniyan
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Kuijer
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjef C V M Copray
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerry M Raghoebar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
This review focuses on the relationship between the structures and properties of various polymers for different applications in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Libang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bengao Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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Jeon OH, Elisseeff J. Orthopedic tissue regeneration: cells, scaffolds, and small molecules. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:105-20. [PMID: 26625850 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic tissue regeneration would benefit the aging population or patients with degenerative bone and cartilage diseases, especially osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Despite progress in surgical and pharmacological interventions, new regenerative approaches are needed to meet the challenge of creating bone and articular cartilage tissues that are not only structurally sound but also functional, primarily to maintain mechanical integrity in their high load-bearing environments. In this review, we discuss new advances made in exploiting the three classes of materials in bone and cartilage regenerative medicine--cells, biomaterial-based scaffolds, and small molecules--and their successes and challenges reported in the clinic. In particular, the focus will be on the development of tissue-engineered bone and cartilage ex vivo by combining stem cells with biomaterials, providing appropriate structural, compositional, and mechanical cues to restore damaged tissue function. In addition, using small molecules to locally promote regeneration will be discussed, with potential approaches that combine bone and cartilage targeted therapeutics for the orthopedic-related disease, especially osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hee Jeon
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 5031 Smith Building, 400N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jennifer Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 5031 Smith Building, 400N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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66
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Malhotra N. Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells in Dentistry: A Review. Int J Stem Cells 2016; 9:176-185. [PMID: 27572712 PMCID: PMC5155713 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc16029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
iPS cells are derived from somatic cells via transduction and expression of selective transcription factors. Both viral-integrating (like retroviral) and non-integrating (like, mRNA or protein-based) techniques are available for the production of iPS cells. In the field of dentistry, iPS cells have been derived from stem cells of apical papilla, dental pulp stem cells, and stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and buccal mucosa fibroblasts. iPS cells have the potential to differentiate into all derivatives of the 3 primary germ layers i.e. ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. They are autogeneically accessible, and can produce patient-specific or disease-specific cell lines without the issue of ethical controversy. They have been successfully tested to produce mesenchymal stem cells-like cells, neural crest-like cells, ameloblasts-like cells, odontoblasts-like cells, and osteoprogenitor cells. These cells can aid in regeneration of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum, dentin-pulp complex, as well as possible Biotooth formation. However certain key issues like, epigenetic memory of iPS cells, viral-transduction, tumorgenesis and teratoma formation need to be overcome, before they can be successfully used in clinical practice. The article discusses the sources, pros and cons, and current applications of iPS cells in dentistry with an emphasis on encountered challenges and their solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Malhotra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
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67
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Stem cell regenerative potential for plastic and reconstructive surgery. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:735-744. [PMID: 27604466 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells represent heterogeneous population of undifferentiated cells with unique characteristics of long term self renewal and plasticity. Moreover, they are capable of active migration to diseased tissues, secretion of different bioactive molecules, and they have immunosuppressive potential as well. They occur in all tissues through life and are involved in process of embryogenesis and regeneration. During last decades stem cells attracted significant attention in each field of medicine, including plastic and reconstructive surgery. The main goal of the present review article is to present and discuss the potential of stem cells and to provide information about their safe utilization in chronic wounds and fistulae healing, scar management, breast reconstruction, as well as in bone, tendon and peripheral nerve regeneration.
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68
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Wu Q, Yang B, Hu K, Cao C, Man Y, Wang P. Deriving Osteogenic Cells from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 23:1-8. [PMID: 27392674 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed from adult somatic cells using defined transcription factors, are regarded as a promising cell source for tissue engineering. For the purpose of bone tissue regeneration, efficient in vitro differentiation of iPSCs into downstream cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, or osteocyte-like cells, before use is necessary to limit undesired tumorogenesis associated with the pluripotency of iPSCs. Until recently numerous techniques on the production of iPSC-derived osteogenic progenitors have been introduced. We reviewed these protocols and provided a perspective on the comparisons of osteogenic potentials of (1) iPSC-derived osteogenic cells produced by different protocols, (2) iPSCs from different somatic origins, and (3) iPSC-derived MSC-like cells and bone marrow stem cells. Finally, we discussed the potential application of the diseased iPSCs for systematic bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Kevin Hu
- 2 University of Maryland Dental School , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cong Cao
- 3 Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yi Man
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 University of Maryland Dental School , Baltimore, Maryland
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69
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Yin X, Li Y, Li J, Li P, Liu Y, Wen J, Luan Q. Generation and periodontal differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts-derived integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:726-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lin Z, Rios HF, Cochran DL. Emerging regenerative approaches for periodontal reconstruction: a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop. J Periodontol 2016; 86:S134-52. [PMID: 25644297 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 30 years have passed since the first successful application of regenerative therapy for treatment of periodontal diseases. Despite being feasible, periodontal regeneration still faces numerous challenges, and complete restoration of structure and function of the diseased periodontium is often considered an unpredictable task. This review highlights developing basic science and technologies for potential application to achieve reconstruction of the periodontium. A comprehensive search of the electronic bibliographic database PubMed was conducted to identify different emerging therapeutic approaches reported to influence either biologic pathways and/or tissues involved in periodontal regeneration. Each citation was assessed based on its abstract, and the full text of potentially eligible reports was retrieved. Based on the review of the full papers, their suitability for inclusion in this report was determined. In principle, only reports from scientifically well-designed studies that presented preclinical in vivo (animal studies) or clinical (human studies) evidence for successful periodontal regeneration were included. Hence, in vitro studies, namely those conducted in laboratories without any live animals, were excluded. In case of especially recent and relevant reviews with a narrow focus on specific regenerative approaches, they were identified as such, and thereby the option of referring to them to summarize the status of a specific approach, in addition to or instead of listing each separately, was preserved. Admittedly, the presence of subjectivity in the selection of studies to include in this overview cannot be excluded. However, it is believed that the contemporary approaches described in this review collectively represent the current efforts that have reported preclinical or clinical methods to successfully enhance regeneration of the periodontium. Today's challenges facing periodontal regenerative therapy continue to stimulate important research and clinical development, which, in turn, shapes the current concept of periodontal tissue engineering. Emerging technologies--such as stem cell therapy, bone anabolic agents, genetic approaches, and nanomaterials--also offer unique opportunities to enhance the predictability of current regenerative surgical approaches and inspire development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lin
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA
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71
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a new Strategy for Osteogenesis and Bone Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:645-51. [PMID: 26022504 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, possess high proliferation and differentiation ability, are now considered an attractive option for osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. In fact, recent discoveries have demonstrated that iPS cells can be differentiated into osteoblasts, suggesting that iPS cells have the potential to advance future bone regenerative therapies. Herein, we provide an overview of the recent findings on osteogenic characteristics and differentiation potential of iPS cells. In addition, we discuss current methods for inducing their specification towards osteogenic phenotype as well as in vivo evidence supporting the therapeutic benefit of iPS-derived osteoblasts. Finally, we describe recent findings regarding the use of iPS-derived cells for osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, which have indicated that these pluripotent cells represent an ideal tool for regenerative cell therapies and might contribute to the development of future bone tissue engineering.
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72
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Bassir SH, Wisitrasameewong W, Raanan J, Ghaffarigarakani S, Chung J, Freire M, Andrada LC, Intini G. Potential for Stem Cell-Based Periodontal Therapy. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:50-61. [PMID: 26058394 PMCID: PMC4627700 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent and are linked to several systemic diseases. The goal of periodontal treatment is to halt the progression of the disease and regenerate the damaged tissue. However, achieving complete and functional periodontal regeneration is challenging because the periodontium is a complex apparatus composed of different tissues, including bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament. Stem cells may represent an effective therapeutic tool for periodontal regeneration due to their plasticity and their ability to regenerate different tissues. This review presents and critically analyzes the available information on stem cell-based therapy for the regeneration of periodontal tissues and suggests new avenues for the development of more effective therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Wichaya Wisitrasameewong
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Justin Raanan
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Sasan Ghaffarigarakani
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jamie Chung
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Luciano C. Andrada
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
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Regenerative Applications Using Tooth Derived Stem Cells in Other Than Tooth Regeneration: A Literature Review. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9305986. [PMID: 26798366 PMCID: PMC4699044 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9305986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth derived stem cells or dental stem cells are categorized according to the location from which they are isolated and represent a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine. Originally, as one kind of mesenchymal stem cells, they are considered an alternative of bone marrow stromal cells. They share many commonalties but maintain differences. Considering their original function in development and the homeostasis of tooth structures, many applications of these cells in dentistry have aimed at tooth structure regeneration; however, the application in other than tooth structures has been attempted extensively. The availability from discarded or removed teeth can be an innate benefit as a source of autologous cells. Their origin from the neural crest results in exploitation of neurological and numerous other applications. This review briefly highlights current and future perspectives of the regenerative applications of tooth derived stem cells in areas beyond tooth regeneration.
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74
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Zhu W, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Cen L, Wang J. PDL regeneration via cell homing in delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. J Transl Med 2015; 13:357. [PMID: 26572489 PMCID: PMC4647325 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was aimed to investigate whether regeneration of periodontal ligament (PDL) like tissue could be promoted by stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) induced cell homing in delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. Methods Canine mandibular premolar teeth were first extracted and air-dried for 2 h followed by complete detachment of their PDL tissues. The crown and pulp of the teeth were also removed. Twenty-four roots divided into two groups (n = 12/group) were used for the following in vivo transplantation. The roots of Group A were treated with 17 % EDTA for 24 h to achieve demineralization, and then coated with SDF1 and BMP7 supplemented collagen solution. The roots of Group B were similarly treated except being coated with a pristine collagen solution. The above roots were transplanted in the sockets that formed previously during tooth extraction. At 6 months’ post-operation, PDL-like tissue composed of spindle-shaped cells, capillaries and highly organized collagen fibers was observed in the interstitial space between the avulsed root surface and surrounding alveolar bone in Group A. The neo-fibers inserted deeply and perpendicularly into the cementum and adjacent bone. The periodontium-like characteristics of the neo-tissue was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for collagen I, fibronectin and osteocalcin. Results A high incidence of PDL re-establishment as 42 % was achieved for samples of Group A. However, no PDL-like tissue was found but root ankylosis and replacement resorption as well as inflammatory resorption was observed in the replanted roots of Group B. Conclusions It can be confirmed that avulsed teeth could be successfully rescued even in delayed transplantation to avoid dentoalveolar ankylosis or replacement resorption via the current developed cell homing method. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0719-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Lian Cen
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130, Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, No. 68, East Jiang Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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75
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Osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells under the influence of three different materials. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:132. [PMID: 26510991 PMCID: PMC4624653 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regeneration of periodontal tissues is a major goal of periodontal therapy. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) show mesenchymal cell properties with the potential for dental tissue engineering. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are examples of materials that act as signaling molecules to enhance periodontal regeneration. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been proven to be biocompatible and appears to have some osteoconductive properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of EMD, MTA, and PDGF on DPSC osteogenic differentiation. Methods Human DPSCs were cultured in medium containing EMD, MTA, or PDGF. Control groups were also established. Evaluation of the achieved osteogenesis was carried out by computer analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-stained chambers, and spectrophotometric analysis of alizarin red S-stained mineralized nodules. Results EMD significantly increased the amounts of ALP expression and mineralization compared with all other groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MTA gave variable results with slight increases in certain differentiation parameters, and PDGF showed no significant increase in the achieved differentiation. Conclusions EMD showed a very strong osteogenic ability compared with PDGF and MTA, and the present results provide support for its use in periodontal regeneration.
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76
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Jiang B, Jen M, Perrin L, Wertheim JA, Ameer GA. SIRT1 Overexpression Maintains Cell Phenotype and Function of Endothelial Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2740-5. [PMID: 26413932 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) that are differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used in establishing disease models for personalized drug discovery or developing patient-specific vascularized tissues or organoids. However, a number of technical challenges are often associated with iPSC-ECs in culture, including instability of the endothelial phenotype and limited cell proliferative capacity over time. Early senescence is believed to be the primary mechanism underlying these limitations. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase involved in the regulation of cell senescence, redox state, and inflammatory status. We hypothesize that overexpression of the SIRT1 gene in iPSC-ECs will maintain EC phenotype, function, and proliferative capacity by overcoming early cell senescence. SIRT1 gene was packaged into a lentiviral vector (LV-SIRT1) and transduced into iPSC-ECs at passage 4. Beginning with passage 5, iPSC-ECs exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology, whereas iPSC-ECs overexpressing SIRT1 maintained EC cobblestone morphology. SIRT1 overexpressing iPSC-ECs also exhibited a higher percentage of canonical markers of endothelia (LV-SIRT1 61.8% CD31(+) vs. LV-empty 31.7% CD31(+), P < 0.001; LV-SIRT1 46.3% CD144(+) vs. LV-empty 20.5% CD144(+), P < 0.02), with a higher nitric oxide synthesis, lower β-galactosidase production indicating decreased senescence (3.4% for LV-SIRT1 vs. 38.6% for LV-empty, P < 0.001), enhanced angiogenesis, increased deacetylation activity, and higher proliferation rate. SIRT1 overexpressing iPSC-ECs continued to proliferate through passage 9 with high purity of EC-like characteristics, while iPSC-ECs without SIRT1 overexpression became senescent after passage 5. Taken together, SIRT1 overexpression in iPSC-ECs maintains EC phenotype, improves EC function, and extends cell lifespan, overcoming critical hurdles associated with the use of iPSC-ECs in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois.,2 Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois.,3 Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michele Jen
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Louisiane Perrin
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jason A Wertheim
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois.,2 Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois.,3 Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois.,4 Department of Surgery, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois.,5 Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois.,6 Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois.,3 Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois.,5 Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois.,6 Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
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Toyoda K, Fukuda T, Sanui T, Tanaka U, Yamamichi K, Atomura R, Maeda H, Tomokiyo A, Taketomi T, Uchiumi T, Nishimura F. Grp78 Is Critical for Amelogenin-Induced Cell Migration in a Multipotent Clonal Human Periodontal Ligament Cell Line. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:414-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Toyoda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Urara Tanaka
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamichi
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ryo Atomura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Endodontology; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takaharu Taketomi
- Dental and Oral Medical Center; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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Zomer HD, Vidane AS, Gonçalves NN, Ambrósio CE. Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells: general insights and clinical perspectives. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:125-34. [PMID: 26451119 PMCID: PMC4592031 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s88036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have awakened a great deal of interest in regenerative medicine due to their plasticity, and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. They are high-yield and can be acquired through noninvasive methods from adult tissues. Moreover, they are nontumorigenic and are the most widely studied. On the other hand, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be derived directly from adult cells through gene reprogramming. The new iPS technology avoids the embryo destruction or manipulation to generate pluripotent cells, therefore, are exempt from ethical implication surrounding embryonic stem cell use. The pre-differentiation of iPS cells ensures the safety of future approaches. Both mesenchymal stem cells and iPS cells can be used for autologous cell transplantations without the risk of immune rejection and represent a great opportunity for future alternative therapies. In this review we discussed the therapeutic perspectives using mesenchymal and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Zomer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Atanásio S Vidane
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia N Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which leads to destruction of both the soft and hard tissues of the periodontium. Tissue engineering is a therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine that aims to induce new functional tissue regeneration via the synergistic combination of cells, biomaterials, and/or growth factors. Advances in our understanding of the biology of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, have provided opportunities for periodontal tissue engineering. However, there remain a number of limitations affecting their therapeutic efficiency. Due to the considerable proliferation and differentiation capacities, recently described induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a new way for cell-based therapies for periodontal regeneration. This review outlines the latest status of periodontal tissue engineering and highlights the potential use of iPSCs in periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Du
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 West Wenhua Rd., Jinan, 250012 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Duan
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324 Jingwu Rd., Jinan, 250000 People's Republic of China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 West Wenhua Rd., Jinan, 250012 People's Republic of China
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Hynes K, Menichanin D, Bright R, Ivanovski S, Hutmacher DW, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A New Frontier for Stem Cells in Dentistry. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1508-15. [PMID: 26285811 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are the newest member of a growing list of stem cell populations that hold great potential for use in cell-based treatment approaches in the dental field. This review summarizes the dental tissues that have successfully been utilized to generate iPSC lines, as well as the potential uses of iPSCs for tissue regeneration in different dental applications. While iPSCs display great promise in a number of dental applications, there are safety concerns with these cells that need to be addressed before they can be used in clinical settings. This review outlines some of the apprehensions to the use of iPSCs clinically, and it details approaches that are being employed to ensure the safety and efficacy of these cells. One of the major approaches being investigated is the differentiation of iPSCs prior to use in patients. iPSCs have successfully been differentiated into a wide range of cells and tissue types. This review focuses on 2 differentiation approaches-the differentiation of iPSCs into mesenchymal stem cells and the differentiation of iPSCs into osteoprogenitor cells. Both these resulting populations of cells are particularly relevant to the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hynes
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D Menichanin
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Bright
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S Ivanovski
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Gronthos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - P M Bartold
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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82
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Roman A, Páll E, Mihu CM, Petruţiu AS, Barbu-Tudoran L, Câmpian RS, Florea A, Georgiu C. Tracing CD34+ Stromal Fibroblasts in Palatal Mucosa and Periodontal Granulation Tissue as a Possible Cell Reservoir for Periodontal Regeneration. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:837-848. [PMID: 26040442 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to trace CD34+ stromal fibroblastic cells (CD34+ SFCs) in the palatal connective tissue harvested for muco-gingival surgical procedures and in granulation tissues from periodontal pockets using immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis targeted the presence of three antigens: CD31, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and CD34. In the palate, CD31 staining revealed a colored inner ring of the vessels representing the endothelium, α-SMA+ was located in the medial layer of the vasculature, and CD34 was intensely expressed by endothelial cells and artery adventitial cells (considered to be CD34+ SFCs). Granulation tissue showed the same pattern for CD31+ and α-SMA, but a different staining pattern for CD34. Ultrastructural examination of the palatal tissue highlighted perivascular cells with fibroblast-like characteristics and pericytes in close spatial relationship to endothelial cells. The ultrastructural evaluation of granulation tissue sections confirmed the presence of neovasculature and the inflammatory nature of this tissue. The present study traced the presence of CD34+ SFCs and of pericytes in the palatal connective tissue thus highlighting once more its intrinsic regenerative capabilities. The clinical and systemic factors triggering mobilization and influencing the fate of local CD34+SCFs and other progenitors are issues to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roman
- 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine,Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy,15 V. Babeş Street,400012 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Emőke Páll
- 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine,Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy,15 V. Babeş Street,400012 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Carmen M Mihu
- 3Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine,Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy,6 L. Pasteur Street,400349 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Adrian S Petruţiu
- 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine,Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy,15 V. Babeş Street,400012 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- 4Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Biology and Geology,Babeş-Bolyai University,5-7 Clinicilor Street,400006 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Radu S Câmpian
- 5Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine,Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy,15 V. Babeş Street,400012 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Adrian Florea
- 6Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine,Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy,6 L. Pasteur Street,400349 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Carmen Georgiu
- 7Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy,8 V. Babeş Street,400012 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
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83
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Gładysz D, Hozyasz KK. Stem cell regenerative therapy in alveolar cleft reconstruction. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1517-32. [PMID: 26263541 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Achieving a successful and well-functioning reconstruction of craniofacial deformities still remains a challenge. As for now, autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for alveolar cleft reconstruction. However, its aesthetic and functional results often remain unsatisfactory, which carries a long-term psychosocial and medical sequelae. Therefore, searching for novel therapeutic approaches is strongly indicated. With the recent advances in stem cell research, cell-based tissue engineering strategies move from the bench to the patients' bedside. Successful stem cell engineering employs a carefully selected stem cell source, a biodegradable scaffold with osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, as well as an addition of growth factors or cytokines to enhance osteogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell tissue engineering, discusses animal models and case reports of stem cell enhanced bone regeneration, as well as ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Gładysz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil K Hozyasz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
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84
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Yan XZ, Yang F, Jansen JA, de Vries RBM, van den Beucken JJJP. Cell-Based Approaches in Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Periodontal Defect Models in Animal Experimental Work. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:411-26. [PMID: 25929285 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Various cell types have been assessed for experimental periodontal tissue regeneration in a variety of animal models. Nonetheless, the efficacy of cell-based approaches for periodontal regeneration is still controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically review cell-based approaches for periodontal regeneration in animal studies including a meta-analysis to obtain more clarity on their efficacy. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that cell-based approaches have a favorable effect on periodontal tissue regeneration, as displayed by the positive effect of cell-based approaches on new bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL) formation in periodontal defects. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed a favorable effect on PDL formation by PDL-derived cells, but not by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, meta-analysis did not show any statistically significant differences in effect between PDL-derived cells and BMSCs. These results provide important information for the implementation of cell-based approaches in clinical practice as a routine treatment for periodontal regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhen Yan
- 1 Radboudumc, Department of Biomaterials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Periodontology, the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University , Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yang
- 1 Radboudumc, Department of Biomaterials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A Jansen
- 1 Radboudumc, Department of Biomaterials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- 3 Radboudumc, SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) , Central Animal Laboratory, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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85
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Li G, Li Y, Chen G, He J, Han Y, Wang X, Kaplan DL. Silk-based biomaterials in biomedical textiles and fiber-based implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1134-51. [PMID: 25772248 PMCID: PMC4456268 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical textiles and fiber-based implants (BTFIs) have been in routine clinical use to facilitate healing for nearly five decades. Amongst the variety of biomaterials used, silk-based biomaterials (SBBs) have been widely used clinically viz. sutures for centuries and are being increasingly recognized as a prospective material for biomedical textiles. The ease of processing, controllable degradability, remarkable mechanical properties and biocompatibility have prompted the use of SBBs for various BTFIs for extracorporeal implants, soft tissue repair, healthcare/hygiene products and related needs. The present Review focuses on BTFIs from the perspective of types and physical and biological properties, and this discussion is followed with an examination of the advantages and limitations of BTFIs from SBBs. The Review covers progress in surface coatings, physical and chemical modifications of SBBs for BTFIs and identifies future needs and opportunities for the further development for BTFIs using SBBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jihuan He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Room 153, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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86
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Peng Z, Liu L, Wei X, Ling J. Expression of Oct-4, SOX-2, and MYC in dental papilla cells and dental follicle cells during in-vivo tooth development and in-vitro co-culture. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 122:251-8. [PMID: 25039286 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During tooth development, the special structure of dental follicle and dental papilla enables dental papilla cells (DPCs) and dental follicle cells (DFCs) to make contact with each other. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), sex determining region Y box-2 (SOX-2), and cellular homologue of avian myelocytomatosis virus oncogene (MYC) (OSM) are associated with reprogramming and pluripotency. However, whether the expression of OSM could be activated through cell-cell communication is not known. In this study, the distribution of OSM in rat tooth germ was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. An in-vitro co-culture system of DPCs and DFCs was established. Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle stages, and expression of OSM were investigated by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) analysis, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. We found that Oct-4 and SOX-2 were strongly expressed in tooth germ on days 7 and 9 after birth, whereas MYC was expressed only on day 9. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were inhibited, the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase, and the propidium iodide (PI) value was downregulated. Expression of Oct-4 and SOX-2 was significantly elevated in both cell types after 3 d of co-culture, whereas expression of MYC was not significantly elevated until day 5. These results indicate that the optimized microenvironment with cell-cell communication enhanced the expression of reprogramming markers associated with reprogramming capacity in DPCs and DFCs, both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Peng
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology Guangzhou, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
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87
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Wang P, Liu X, Zhao L, Weir MD, Sun J, Chen W, Man Y, Xu HHK. Bone tissue engineering via human induced pluripotent, umbilical cord and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rat cranium. Acta Biomater 2015; 18:236-48. [PMID: 25712391 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are an exciting cell source with great potential for tissue engineering. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have been used in clinics but are limited by several disadvantages, hence alternative sources of MSCs such as umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) are being investigated. However, there has been no report comparing hiPSCs, hUCMSCs and hBMSCs for bone regeneration. The objectives of this pilot study were to investigate hiPSCs, hUCMSCs and hBMSCs for bone tissue engineering, and compare their bone regeneration via seeding on biofunctionalized macroporous calcium phosphate cement (CPC) in rat cranial defects. For all three types of cells, approximately 90% of the cells remained alive on CPC scaffolds. Osteogenic genes were up-regulated, and mineral synthesis by cells increased with time in vitro for all three types of cells. The new bone area fractions at 12weeks (mean±sd; n=6) were (30.4±5.8)%, (27.4±9.7)% and (22.6±4.7)% in hiPSC-MSC-CPC, hUCMSC-CPC and hBMSC-CPC respectively, compared to (11.0±6.3)% for control (p<0.05). No significant differences were detected among the three types of stem cells (p>0.1). New blood vessel density was higher in cell-seeded groups than control (p<0.05). De novo bone formation and participation by implanted cells was confirmed via immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, (1) hiPSCs, hUCMSCs and hBMSCs greatly enhanced bone regeneration, more than doubling the new bone amount of cell-free CPC control; (2) hiPSC-MSCs and hUCMSCs represented viable alternatives to hBMSCs; (3) biofunctionalized macroporous CPC-stem cell constructs had a robust capacity for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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88
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Barczyk M, Bolstad AI, Gullberg D. Role of integrins in the periodontal ligament: organizers and facilitators. Periodontol 2000 2015; 63:29-47. [PMID: 23931052 PMCID: PMC3791550 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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89
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Periodontal ligament stem cells: current status, concerns, and future prospects. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:972313. [PMID: 25861283 PMCID: PMC4378705 DOI: 10.1155/2015/972313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which reside in the perivascular space of the periodontium, possess characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and are a promising tool for periodontal regeneration. Recently, great progress has been made in PDLSC transplantation. Investigators are attempting to maximize the proliferation and differentiation potential of PDLSCs by modifying culture conditions and applying growth factors. Nevertheless, problems remain. First, incomparability among different studies must be minimized by establishing standard guidelines for culture and identification of PDLSCs. Notably, attention should be paid to the biological safety of PDLSC transplantation. The present review updates the latest findings regarding PDLSCs and discusses standard criteria for culture and identification of PDLSCs. Finally, the review calls for careful consideration of PDLSC transplantation safety.
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90
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Cementum and Periodontal Ligament Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 881:207-36. [PMID: 26545752 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unique anatomy and composition of the periodontium make periodontal tissue healing and regeneration a complex process. Periodontal regeneration aims to recapitulate the crucial stages of wound healing associated with periodontal development in order to restore lost tissues to their original form and function and for regeneration to occur, healing events must progress in an ordered and programmed sequence both temporally and spatially, replicating key developmental events. A number of procedures have been employed to promote true and predictable regeneration of the periodontium. Principally, the approaches are based on the use of graft materials to compensate for the bone loss incurred as a result of periodontal disease, use of barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration and use of bioactive molecules. More recently, the concept of tissue engineering has been integrated into research and applications of regenerative dentistry, including periodontics, to aim to manage damaged and lost oral tissues, through reconstruction and regeneration of the periodontium and alleviate the shortcomings of more conventional therapeutic options. The essential components for generating effective cellular based therapeutic strategies include a population of multi-potential progenitor cells, presence of signalling molecules/inductive morphogenic signals and a conductive extracellular matrix scaffold or appropriate delivery system. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered suitable candidates for cell-based tissue engineering strategies owing to their extensive expansion rate and potential to differentiate into cells of multiple organs and systems. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from multiple tissue sources have been investigated in pre-clinical animal studies and clinical settings for the treatment and regeneration of the periodontium.
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91
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Lee JH, Um S, Song IS, Kim HY, Seo BM. Neurogenic differentiation of human dental stem cells in vitro. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 40:173-80. [PMID: 25247147 PMCID: PMC4170666 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the neurogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP). Materials and Methods After induction of neurogenic differentiation using commercial differentiation medium, expression levels of neural markers, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), class III β-tubulin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were identified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and immunocytochemistry. Results The induced cells showed neuron-like morphologies, similar to axons, dendrites, and perikaryons, which are composed of neurons in DPSCs, PDLSCs, and SCAP. The mRNA levels of neuronal markers tended to increase in differentiated cells. The expression of MAP2 and β-tubulin III also increased at the protein level in differentiation groups, even though GFAP was not detected via immunocytochemistry. Conclusion Human dental stem cells including DPSCs, PDLSCs, and SCAP may have neurogenic differentiation capability in vitro. The presented data support the use of human dental stem cells as a possible alternative source of stem cells for therapeutic utility in the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Lee
- Biotooth Engineering Lab, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Craniomaxillofacial Life Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyoun Um
- Biotooth Engineering Lab, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Craniomaxillofacial Life Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. ; Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, Department of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Seok Song
- Biotooth Engineering Lab, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Craniomaxillofacial Life Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. ; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hui Young Kim
- Biotooth Engineering Lab, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Craniomaxillofacial Life Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Moo Seo
- Biotooth Engineering Lab, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Craniomaxillofacial Life Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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92
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Ji B, Sheng L, Chen G, Guo S, Xie L, Yang B, Guo W, Tian W. The combination use of platelet-rich fibrin and treated dentin matrix for tooth root regeneration by cell homing. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:26-34. [PMID: 25111570 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous regeneration through cell homing provides an alternative approach for tissue regeneration, except cell transplantation, especially considering clinical translation. However, tooth root regeneration through cell homing remains a provocative approach in need of intensive study. Both platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and treated dentin matrix (TDM) are warehouses of various growth factors, which can promote cell homing. We hypothesized that endogenous stem cells are able to sense biological cues from PRF membrane and TDM, and contribute to the regeneration of tooth root, including soft and hard periodontal tissues. Therefore, the biological effects of canine PRF and TDM on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were evaluated respectively in vitro. Beagle dogs were used as orthotopic transplantation model. It was found that PRF significantly recruited and stimulated the proliferation of PDLSCs and BMSCs in vitro. Together, PRF and TDM induced cell differentiation by upregulating the mineralization-related gene expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopotin (OPN) after 7 days coculture. In vivo, transplantation of autologous PRF and allogeneic TDM into fresh tooth extraction socket achieved successful root regeneration 3 months postsurgery, characterized by the regeneration of cementum and periodontal ligament (PDL)-like tissues with orientated fibers, indicative of functional restoration. The results suggest that tooth root connected to the alveolar bone by cementum-PDL complex can be regenerated through the implantation of PRF and TDM in a tooth socket microenvironment, probably by homing of BMSCs and PDLSCs. Furthermore, bioactive cues and inductive microenvironment are key factors for endogenous regeneration. This approach provides a tangible pathway toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Ji
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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93
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Rosa V, Toh WS, Cao T, Shim W. Inducing pluripotency for disease modeling, drug development and craniofacial applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1233-40. [PMID: 24850281 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.915306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have characteristics similar to embryonic stem cells, including the capability of self-renewal and large-scale expansion and the ability to differentiate into all types of cells including germ cells, which defines pluripotency. Using iPSC avoids problems of immunological rejection and ethical controversy. The possible future uses of iPSC are diverse and go beyond the differentiation into somatic cells for regeneration of damaged tissues. AREAS COVERED A unique feature of iPSC is the potential to generate patient disease-specific tissues. Thus, cells from patients can be differentiated into relevant cells of interest for drug screening, characterization of drug effects and cytotoxic assays. This review presents key aspects related to iPSC, such as their generation, potential for disease modeling, treatment, drug development and future contributions to the craniofacial complex. EXPERT OPINION It is undisputable that the evolution in iPSC knowledge will improve the approaches for drug screening and development, help to understand and treat disease origins and mechanisms and provide new strategies to clinical treatment. However, it is necessary to fine-tune protocols to establish iPSCs that are cost-effective and safe for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rosa
- National University of Singapore, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Sciences , 11 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119083 , Singapore +65 6779 5555 ext 1650 ; + 65 6778 5742 ;
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94
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Monsarrat P, Vergnes JN, Nabet C, Sixou M, Snead ML, Planat-Bénard V, Casteilla L, Kémoun P. Concise review: mesenchymal stromal cells used for periodontal regeneration: a systematic review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:768-74. [PMID: 24744392 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of the soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth. Recent advances in regenerative medicine and stem cell biology have paved the way for periodontal tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) delivered in situ to periodontal defects may exert their effects at multiple levels, including neovascularization, immunomodulation, and tissue regeneration. This systematic review had two goals: (a) to objectively quantify key elements for efficacy and safety of MSCs used for periodontal regeneration and (b) to identify patterns in the existing literature to explain differences between studies and suggest recommendations for future research. This systematic review provided good evidence of the capacity of MSCs to regenerate periodontal tissues in animals; however, experimentally generated defects used in animal studies do not sufficiently mimic the pathophysiology of periodontitis in humans. Moreover, the safety of such interventions in humans still needs to be studied. There were marked differences between experimental and control groups that may be influenced by characteristics that are crucial to address before translation to human clinical trials. We suggest that the appropriate combination of cell source, carrier type, and biomolecules, as well as the inclusion of critical path issues for a given clinical case, should be further explored and refined before transitioning to clinical trials. Future studies should investigate periodontal regenerative procedures in animal models, including rodents, in which the defects generated are designed to more accurately reflect the inflammatory status of the host and the shift in their pathogenic microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Monsarrat
- STROMALab, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM, Toulouse, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France; Departments of Public Health and Biology, Toulouse Faculty of Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean-Noël Vergnes
- STROMALab, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM, Toulouse, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France; Departments of Public Health and Biology, Toulouse Faculty of Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cathy Nabet
- STROMALab, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM, Toulouse, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France; Departments of Public Health and Biology, Toulouse Faculty of Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michel Sixou
- STROMALab, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM, Toulouse, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France; Departments of Public Health and Biology, Toulouse Faculty of Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Malcolm L Snead
- STROMALab, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM, Toulouse, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France; Departments of Public Health and Biology, Toulouse Faculty of Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Valérie Planat-Bénard
- STROMALab, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM, Toulouse, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France; Departments of Public Health and Biology, Toulouse Faculty of Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Louis Casteilla
- STROMALab, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM, Toulouse, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France; Departments of Public Health and Biology, Toulouse Faculty of Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philippe Kémoun
- STROMALab, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM, Toulouse, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France; Departments of Public Health and Biology, Toulouse Faculty of Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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95
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Chamila Prageeth Pandula P, Samaranayake L, Jin L, Zhang C. Periodontal ligament stem cells: an update and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:81-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L.P. Samaranayake
- Department of Oral Biosciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - L.J. Jin
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Dental Care; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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96
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Otsu K, Kumakami-Sakano M, Fujiwara N, Kikuchi K, Keller L, Lesot H, Harada H. Stem cell sources for tooth regeneration: current status and future prospects. Front Physiol 2014; 5:36. [PMID: 24550845 PMCID: PMC3912331 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are capable of renewing themselves through cell division and have the remarkable ability to differentiate into many different types of cells. They therefore have the potential to become a central tool in regenerative medicine. During the last decade, advances in tissue engineering and stem cell-based tooth regeneration have provided realistic and attractive means of replacing lost or damaged teeth. Investigation of embryonic and adult (tissue) stem cells as potential cell sources for tooth regeneration has led to many promising results. However, technical and ethical issues have hindered the availability of these cells for clinical application. The recent discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has provided the possibility to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine (dentistry) by offering the option of autologous transplantation. In this article, we review the current progress in the field of stem cell-based tooth regeneration and discuss the possibility of using iPS cells for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Otsu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University Yahaba, Japan
| | - Mika Kumakami-Sakano
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University Yahaba, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujiwara
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University Yahaba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kikuchi
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University Yahaba, Japan ; Division of Special Care Dentistry, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University Morioka, Japan
| | - Laetitia Keller
- INSERM UMR 1109, team "Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine", Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Lesot
- INSERM UMR 1109, team "Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine", Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France ; Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University Yahaba, Japan
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97
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98
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Tang M, Chen W, Liu J, Weir MD, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell seeding on calcium phosphate scaffold for bone regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1295-305. [PMID: 24279868 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering provides an important approach for bone regeneration. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can be injected to fill complex-shaped bone defects with excellent osteoconductivity. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are exciting for regenerative medicine due to their potential to proliferate and differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. To date, there has been no report on iPSC seeding with CPC scaffolds. The objectives of this study were to (1) obtain iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs); (2) seed iPSC-MSCs on CPC scaffold for the first time to investigate cell attachment and proliferation; and (3) investigate osteogenic differentiation of iPSC-MSCs on CPC and mineral synthesis by the cells. iPSCs were derived from adult marrow CD34+ cells that were reprogrammed by a single episomal vector pEB-C5. iPSCs were cultured to form embryoid bodies (EBs), and MSCs were migrated out of EBs. Flow cytometry indicated that iPSC-MSCs expressed typical surface antigen profile of MSCs. Mesenchymal differentiation of iPSC-MSCs demonstrated that the iPSC-MSCs had the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. iPSC-MSCs had good viability when attached on CPC scaffold. iPSC-MSCs differentiated into the osteogenic lineage and synthesized bone minerals. iPSC-MSCs on CPC in osteogenic medium yielded higher gene expressions of osteogenic markers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, collagen type I, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 than those in control medium (p<0.05). iPSC-MSCs on CPC in osteogenic medium had 10-fold increase in ALP protein than that in control medium (p<0.05). Bone mineral synthesis by iPSC-MSCs adherent to CPC scaffold was increased with time, and mineralization in osteogenic medium was three to four fold that in control medium. In conclusion, iPSCs were derived from adult marrow CD34+ cells that were reprogrammed by a single episomal vector pEB-C5, and MSCs were generated from the EBs. iPSC-MSCs showed good viability and osteogenic differentiation on CPC scaffold for the first time; hence, the novel iPSC-MSC-CPC construct is promising to promote bone regeneration in dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tang
- 1 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School , Baltimore, Maryland
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100
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TheinHan W, Liu J, Tang M, Chen W, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell seeding on biofunctionalized calcium phosphate cements. Bone Res 2013; 4:371-384. [PMID: 24839581 DOI: 10.4248/br201304008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential due to their proliferation and differentiation capability. The objectives of this study were to generate iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs), and investigate iPSC-MSC proliferati on and osteogenic differentiation on calcium phosphate cement (CPC) containing biofunctional agents for the first time. Human iPSCs were derived from marrow CD34+ cells which were reprogrammed by a single episomal vector. iPSCs were cultured to form embryoid bodies (EBs), and MSCs migrated out of EBs. Five biofunctional agents were incorporated into CPC: RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptides, fibronectin (Fn), fibronectin-like engineered polymer protein (FEPP), extracellular matrix Geltrex, and platelet concentrate. iPSC-MSCs were seeded on five biofunctionalized CPCs: CPC-RGD, CPC-Fn, CPC-FEPP, CPC-Geltrex, and CPC-Platelets. iPSC-MSCs on biofunctional CPCs had enhanced proliferation, actin fiber expression, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, compared to control. Cell proliferation was greatly increased on biofunctional CPCs. iPSC-MSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation with increased alkaline phosphatase, Runx2 and collagen-I expressions. Mineral synthesis by iPSC-MSCs on CPC-Platelets was 3-fold that of CPC control. In conclusion, iPSCs showed high potential for bone engineering. iPSC-MSCs on biofunctionalized CPCs had cell proliferation and bone mineralization that were much better than traditional CPC. iPSC-MSC-CPC constructs are promising to promote bone regeneration in craniofacial/orthopedic repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- WahWah TheinHan
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghui Tang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Stem Cell Program in Institute for Cell Engineering and Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
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