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Macia M, Pecchi E, Vilmen C, Desrois M, Lan C, Portha B, Bernard M, Bendahan D, Giannesini B. Insulin Resistance Is Not Associated with an Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Contracting Gastrocnemius Muscle of Goto-Kakizaki Diabetic Rats In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129579. [PMID: 26057538 PMCID: PMC4461248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, altered lipid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle would play a major role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development, but the causal relationships between these events remain conflicting. To clarify this issue, gastrocnemius muscle function and energetics were investigated throughout a multidisciplinary approach combining in vivo and in vitro measurements in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a non-obese T2DM model developing peripheral insulin resistant without abnormal level of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Wistar rats were used as controls. Mechanical performance and energy metabolism were assessed strictly non-invasively using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and 31-phosphorus MR spectroscopy (31P-MRS). Compared with control group, plasma insulin and glucose were respectively lower and higher in GK rats, but plasma NEFA level was normal. In resting GK muscle, phosphocreatine content was reduced whereas glucose content and intracellular pH were both higher. However, there were not differences between both groups for basal oxidative ATP synthesis rate, citrate synthase activity, and intramyocellular contents for lipids, glycogen, ATP and ADP (an important in vivo mitochondrial regulator). During a standardized fatiguing protocol (6 min of maximal repeated isometric contractions electrically induced at a frequency of 1.7 Hz), mechanical performance and glycolytic ATP production rate were reduced in diabetic animals whereas oxidative ATP production rate, maximal mitochondrial capacity and ATP cost of contraction were not changed. These findings provide in vivo evidence that insulin resistance is not caused by an impairment of mitochondrial function in this diabetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Macia
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Emilie Pecchi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Vilmen
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Martine Desrois
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Lan
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Portha
- Universitx Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire B2PE, Unité BFA, CNRS EAC 4413, Paris, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - David Bendahan
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Giannesini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
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Cree-Green M, Newcomer BR, Brown MS, Baumgartner AD, Bergman B, Drew B, Regensteiner JG, Pyle L, Reusch JEB, Nadeau KJ. Delayed skeletal muscle mitochondrial ADP recovery in youth with type 1 diabetes relates to muscle insulin resistance. Diabetes 2015; 64:383-92. [PMID: 25157095 PMCID: PMC4303961 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) increases cardiovascular morbidity and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. IR is now recognized to be present in type 1 diabetes; however, its relationship with mitochondrial function is unknown. We determined the relationship between IR and muscle mitochondrial function in type 1 diabetes using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and (31)P-MRS before, during, and after near-maximal isometric calf exercise. Volunteers included 21 nonobese adolescents with type 1 diabetes and 17 nondiabetic control subjects with similar age, sex, BMI, Tanner stage, and activity levels. We found that youths with type 1 diabetes were more insulin resistant (median glucose infusion rate 10.1 vs. 18.9 mg/kglean/min; P < 0.0001) and had a longer time constant of the curve of ADP conversion to ATP (23.4 ± 5.3 vs. 18.8 ± 3.9 s, P < 0.001) and a lower rate of oxidative phosphorylation (median 0.09 vs. 0.21 mmol/L/s, P < 0.001). The ADP time constant (β = -0.36, P = 0.026) and oxidative phosphorylation (β = 0.02, P < 0.038) were related to IR but not HbA1c. Normal-weight youths with type 1 diabetes demonstrated slowed postexercise ATP resynthesis and were more insulin resistant than control subjects. The correlation between skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes and IR suggests a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and IR in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Cree-Green
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Bradley R Newcomer
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark S Brown
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Amy D Baumgartner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Bryan Bergman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Brendan Drew
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Hamarneh SR, Murphy CA, Shih CW, Frontera W, Torriani M, Irazoqui JE, Makimura H. Relationship between serum IGF-1 and skeletal muscle IGF-1 mRNA expression to phosphocreatine recovery after exercise in obese men with reduced GH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:617-25. [PMID: 25375982 PMCID: PMC4318910 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT GH and IGF-1 are believed to be physiological regulators of skeletal muscle mitochondria. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between GH/IGF-1 and skeletal muscle mitochondria in obese subjects with reduced GH secretion in more detail. DESIGN Fifteen abdominally obese men with reduced GH secretion were treated for 12 weeks with recombinant human GH. Subjects underwent (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery as an in vivo measure of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and percutaneous muscle biopsies to assess mRNA expression of IGF-1 and mitochondrial-related genes at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS At baseline, skeletal muscle IGF-1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with PCr recovery (r = 0.79; P = .01) and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (r = 0.87; P = .001), mitochondrial transcription factor A (r = 0.86; P = .001), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ (r = 0.72; P = .02), and PPARα (r = 0.75; P = .01) mRNA expression, and trended to an association with PPARγ coactivator 1-α (r = 0.59; P = .07) mRNA expression. However, serum IGF-1 concentration was not associated with PCr recovery or any mitochondrial gene expression (all P > .10). Administration of recombinant human GH increased both serum IGF-1 (change, 218 ± 29 μg/L; P < .0001) and IGF-1 mRNA in muscle (fold change, 2.1 ± 0.3; P = .002). Increases in serum IGF-1 were associated with improvements in total body fat (r = -0.53; P = .04), trunk fat (r = -0.55; P = .03), and lean mass (r = 0.58; P = .02), but not with PCr recovery (P > .10). Conversely, increase in muscle IGF-1 mRNA was associated with improvements in PCr recovery (r = 0.74; P = .02), but not with body composition parameters (P > .10). CONCLUSION These data demonstrate a novel association of skeletal muscle mitochondria with muscle IGF-1 mRNA expression, but independent of serum IGF-1 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman R Hamarneh
- Department of Surgery (S.R.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Program in Nutritional Metabolism (C.A.M., C.W.S., H.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Harvard College (C.W.S.), Boston, Massachusetts 02138; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.F.), Harvard Medical School/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Department of Physiology (W.F.), University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936; and Department of Radiology (M.T.), Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (J.E.I.), and Neuroendocrine Unit (H.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Kemp GJ, Ahmad RE, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ. Quantification of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques: a quantitative review. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:107-44. [PMID: 24773619 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can give information about cellular metabolism in vivo which is difficult to obtain in other ways. In skeletal muscle, non-invasive (31) P MRS measurements of the post-exercise recovery kinetics of pH, [PCr], [Pi] and [ADP] contain valuable information about muscle mitochondrial function and cellular pH homeostasis in vivo, but quantitative interpretation depends on understanding the underlying physiology. Here, by giving examples of the analysis of (31) P MRS recovery data, by some simple computational simulation, and by extensively comparing data from published studies using both (31) P MRS and invasive direct measurements of muscle O2 consumption in a common analytical framework, we consider what can be learnt quantitatively about mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle using MRS-based methodology. We explore some technical and conceptual limitations of current methods, and point out some aspects of the physiology which are still incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Kemp
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, and Magnetic Resonance and Image Analysis Research Centre; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - R. E. Ahmad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, and Magnetic Resonance and Image Analysis Research Centre; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - K. Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - J. J. Prompers
- Biomedical NMR; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven the Netherlands
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Shields GS, Coissi GS, Jimenez-Royo P, Gambarota G, Dimber R, Hopkinson NS, Matthews PM, Brown AP, Polkey MI. Bioenergetics and intermuscular fat in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-associated quadriceps weakness. Muscle Nerve 2014; 51:214-21. [PMID: 24831173 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with metabolic abnormalities in muscles of the lower limbs, but it is not known whether these abnormalities are generalized or limited to specific muscle groups, nor is there an easy way of predicting their presence. METHODS Metabolism in the quadriceps and biceps of 14 COPD patients and controls was assessed during sustained contraction using 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31) P MRS). T1 MRI was used to measure quadriceps intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). RESULTS COPD patients had prolonged quadriceps phosphocreatine time (patients: 38.8 ± 12.7 s; controls: 25.2 ± 10.6 s; P = 0.006) and a lower pH (patents: 6.88 ± 0.1; controls: 6.99 ± 0.06; P = 0.002). Biceps measures were not significantly different. IMAT was associated with a nadir pH <7.0 (area under the curve = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS Anaerobic metabolism during contraction was characteristic of quadriceps, but not biceps, muscles of patients with COPD and was associated with increased IMAT. Because IMAT can be assessed quickly by conventional MRI, it may be a useful approach for identifying patients with abnormal muscle bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Samuel Shields
- Clinical Imaging Centre, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Ryan TE, Erickson ML, Verma A, Chavez J, Rivner MH, Mccully KK. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:767-74. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence E. Ryan
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia USA
| | | | - Ajay Verma
- Experimental Medicine, Biogen Idec; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Juan Chavez
- Experimental Medicine, Biogen Idec; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Michael H. Rivner
- Department of Neurology; Georgia Regents University; Augusta Georgia USA
| | - Kevin K. Mccully
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia USA
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Tevald MA, Foulis SA, Kent JA. Effect of age on in vivo oxidative capacity in two locomotory muscles of the leg. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9713. [PMID: 25227177 PMCID: PMC4165814 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of age and sex on in vivo mitochondrial function of distinct locomotory muscles, the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG), of young (Y; 24 ± 3 years) and older (O; 69 ± 4) men (M) and women (W) of similar overall physical activity (PA) was compared. In vivo mitochondrial function was measured using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and PA and physical function were measured in all subjects. Overall PA was similar among the groups, although O (n = 17) had fewer daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (p = 0.001), and slowed physical function (p < 0.05 for all variables), compared with Y (n = 17). In TA, oxidative capacity (V max; mM s(-1)) was higher in O than Y (p < 0.001; Y = 0.90 ± 0.12; O = 1.12 ± 0.18). There was no effect of age in MG (p = 0.5; Y = 0.91 ± 0.17; O = 0.96 ± 0.24), but women had higher oxidative capacity than men (p = 0.007; M = 0.84 ± 0.18; W = 1.03 ± 0.18). In vivo mitochondrial function was preserved in healthy O men and women, despite lower intensity PA and physical function in this group. The extent to which compensatory changes in gait may be responsible for this preservation warrants further investigation. Furthermore, women had higher oxidative capacity in the MG, but not the TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Tevald
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W, Bancroft Street, MS 119, Toledo, OH, 43616, USA,
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Ryan TE, Brophy P, Lin CT, Hickner RC, Neufer PD. Assessment of in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in humans by near-infrared spectroscopy: a comparison with in situ measurements. J Physiol 2014; 592:3231-41. [PMID: 24951618 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.274456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare in vivo measurements of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity made using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with the current gold standard, namely in situ measurements of high-resolution respirometry performed in permeabilized muscle fibres prepared from muscle biopsies. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was determined in 21 healthy adults in vivo using NIRS to measure the recovery kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption following a ∼15 s isometric contraction of the vastus lateralis muscle. Maximal ADP-stimulated (State 3) respiration was measured in permeabilized muscle fibres using high-resolution respirometry with sequential titrations of saturating concentrations of metabolic substrates. Overall, the in vivo and in situ measurements were strongly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.61-0.74, all P < 0.01). Bland-Altman plots also showed good agreement with no indication of bias. The results indicate that in vivo NIRS corresponds well with the current gold standard, in situ high-resolution respirometry, for assessing mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Ryan
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Patricia Brophy
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Kazuya Y, Tonson A, Pecchi E, Dalmasso C, Vilmen C, Fur YL, Bernard M, Bendahan D, Giannesini B. A single intake of capsiate improves mechanical performance and bioenergetics efficiency in contracting mouse skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1110-9. [PMID: 24644244 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00520.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Capsiate is known to increase whole body oxygen consumption possibly via the activation of uncoupling processes, but its effect at the skeletal muscle level remains poorly documented and conflicting. To clarify this issue, gastrocnemius muscle function and energetics were investigated in mice 2 h after a single intake of either vehicle (control) or purified capsiate (at 10 or 100 mg/kg body wt) through a multidisciplinary approach combining in vivo and in vitro measurements. Mechanical performance and energy pathway fluxes were assessed strictly noninvasively during a standardized electrostimulation-induced exercise, using an original device implementing 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mitochondrial respiration was evaluated in isolated saponin-permeabilized fibers. Compared with control, both capsiate doses produced quantitatively similar effects at the energy metabolism level, including an about twofold decrease of the mitochondrial respiration sensitivity for ADP. Interestingly, they did not alter either oxidative phosphorylation or uncoupling protein 3 gene expression at rest. During 6 min of maximal repeated isometric contractions, both doses reduced the amount of ATP produced from glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation but increased the relative contribution of oxidative phosphorylation to total energy turnover (+28 and +21% in the 10- and 100-mg groups, respectively). ATP cost of twitch force generation was further reduced in the 10- (-35%) and 100-mg (-45%) groups. Besides, the highest capsiate dose also increased the twitch force-generating capacity. These data present capsiate as a helpful candidate to enhance both muscle performance and oxidative phosphorylation during exercise, which could constitute a nutritional approach for improving health and preventing obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashiro Kazuya
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Tonson
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Pecchi
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Christiane Dalmasso
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Vilmen
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - David Bendahan
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Giannesini
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale UMR 7339, 13385, Marseille, France
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Liu AH, Niu FN, Chang LL, Zhang B, Liu Z, Chen JY, Zhou Q, Wu HY, Xu Y. High cytochrome c oxidase expression links to severe skeletal energy failure by (31)P-MRS spectroscopy in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:509-14. [PMID: 24674659 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate the energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle from patients with Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) or chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS), to determine whether abnormally increasing cytochrome c oxidase (COX), as detected in muscle biopsy, could be a cause for MELAS. METHODS (31)P-MRS was performed on the quadriceps femoris muscle of 12 healthy volunteers and 11 patients diagnosed as MELAS or CPEO by muscle biopsy and genetic analysis. All subjects experienced a state of rest, 5-min exercise, and 5-min recovery protocol in a supine position. RESULTS Compared to CPEO, MELAS patients typically exhibited COX-positive ragged-red fibers (RRFs) as well as strongly SDH-positive blood vessels (SSVs). However, based on (31)P-MRS results, MELAS showed a higher inorganic phosphate (Pi)/phosphocreatine (PCr) ratio and lower ATP/PCr ratio during exercise and delayed Pi/PCr and ATP/PCr recovery to normal. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that high COX expression contributes to severe skeletal energy failure by (31)P-MRS spectroscopy in MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Prompers JJ, Wessels B, Kemp GJ, Nicolay K. MITOCHONDRIA: investigation of in vivo muscle mitochondrial function by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:67-72. [PMID: 24569118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The most important function of mitochondria is the production of energy in the form of ATP. The socio-economic impact of human diseases that affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is growing, and improving their clinical management critically depends on the development of non-invasive assays to assess mitochondrial function and monitor the effects of interventions. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides two approaches that have been used to assess in vivo ATP synthesis in skeletal muscle: measuring Pi→ATP exchange flux using saturation transfer in resting muscle, and measuring phosphocreatine recovery kinetics after exercise. However, Pi→ATP exchange does not represent net mitochondrial ATP synthesis flux and has no simple relationship with mitochondrial function. Post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery kinetics, on the other hand, yield reliable measures of muscle mitochondrial capacity in vivo, whose ability to define the site of functional defects is enhanced by combination with other non-invasive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Wessels
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and Magnetic Resonance & Image Analysis Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Rata M, Giles SL, deSouza NM, Leach MO, Payne GS. Comparison of three reference methods for the measurement of intracellular pH using 31P MRS in healthy volunteers and patients with lymphoma. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:158-62. [PMID: 24738141 PMCID: PMC4290015 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) can measure intracellular pH (pHi) using the chemical shift difference between pH-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) and a pH-independent reference peak. This study compared three different frequency reference peaks [phosphocreatine (PCr), α resonance of adenosine triphosphate (αATP) and water (using 1H MRS)] in a cohort of 10 volunteers and eight patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Well-resolved chemical shift imaging (CSI) spectra were acquired on a 1.5T scanner for muscle, liver and tumour. The pH was calculated for all volunteers and patients using the available methods. The consistency of the resulting pH was evaluated. The direct Pi–PCr method was best for those spectra with a very well-defined PCr, such as muscle (pH=7.05 ± 0.02). In liver, the Pi–αATP method gave more consistent results (pH=7.30 ± 0.06) than the calibrated water-based method (pH=7.27 ± 0.11). In NHL nodes, the measured pH using the Pi–αATP method was 7.25 ± 0.12. Given that the measured range includes some biological variation in individual patients, treatment-related changes of the order of 0.1 pH units should be detectable.
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Sinha A, Hollingsworth KG, Ball S, Cheetham T. Impaired quality of life in growth hormone-deficient adults is independent of the altered skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism found in conditions with peripheral fatigue. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:107-14. [PMID: 23711232 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Growth hormone-deficient (GHD) adults often report impaired quality of life (QoL) - with fatigue, a key element. This deficit can improve following GH replacement. The basis of this response is unclear. Perturbations in skeletal muscle metabolism have been demonstrated in several conditions in which fatigue is a prominent symptom. We wished to define the role of skeletal muscle metabolism in the impaired QoL observed in patients with GHD. OBJECTIVE To compare in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in matched untreated GHD adults, treated GHD adults and healthy volunteers. DESIGN Twenty-two untreated GHD adults, 23 treated GHD adults and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited at a regional centre. All patients underwent assessment of muscle mitochondrial function (τ₁/₂ PCr) and proton handling using spectroscopy. Fasting biochemical analyses and anthropometric measurement were obtained. All patients completed the QoL-AGHDA and physical activity assessment (IPAQ) questionnaires. RESULTS Untreated and treated GHD adults complained of significantly increased fatigue and an impaired QoL (P = 0·002) when compared to healthy controls. There was no difference in maximal mitochondrial function (P = 0·53) nor pH recovery (P = 0·38) of skeletal muscle between the three groups. Untreated GHD patients had significantly lower IGF-1 than both treated GHD and healthy volunteers (P < 0·001), but there was no association between τ₁/₂ PCr and serum IGF-1 (r = -0·13, P = 0·32). CONCLUSIONS The impaired QoL seen in GHD adults is not associated with the skeletal muscle spectroscopic 'footprint' of altered mitochondrial oxidative function, anaerobic glycolysis or proton clearance that are a feature of several conditions in which fatigue is a prominent feature. These data suggest that the pathophysiology of fatigue and impaired QoL in GHD may have a significant central rather than peripheral (skeletal muscle) component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Sinha
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Ryan TE, Southern WM, Reynolds MA, McCully KK. A cross-validation of near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1757-66. [PMID: 24136110 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00835.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to cross-validate measurements of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity made with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements to those made with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS). Sixteen young (age = 22.5 ± 3.0 yr), healthy individuals were tested with both (31)P-MRS and NIRS during a single testing session. The recovery rate of phosphocreatine was measured inside the bore of a 3-Tesla MRI scanner, after short-duration (∼10 s) plantar flexion exercise as an index of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Using NIRS, the recovery rate of muscle oxygen consumption was also measured using repeated, transient arterial occlusions outside the MRI scanner, after short-duration (∼10 s) plantar flexion exercise as another index of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. The average recovery time constant was 31.5 ± 8.5 s for phosphocreatine and 31.5 ± 8.9 s for muscle oxygen consumption for all participants (P = 0.709). (31)P-MRS time constants correlated well with NIRS time constants for both channel 1 (Pearson's r = 0.88, P < 0.0001) and channel 2 (Pearson's r = 0.95, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, both (31)P-MRS and NIRS exhibit good repeatability between trials (coefficient of variation = 8.1, 6.9, and 7.9% for NIRS channel 1, NIRS channel 2, and (31)P-MRS, respectively). The good agreement between NIRS and (31)P-MRS indexes of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity suggest that NIRS is a valid method for assessing mitochondrial function, and that direct comparisons between NIRS and (31)P-MRS measurements may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Ryan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Konopka AR, Sreekumaran Nair K. Mitochondrial and skeletal muscle health with advancing age. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 379:19-29. [PMID: 23684888 PMCID: PMC3788080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With increasing age there is a temporal relationship between the decline of mitochondrial and skeletal muscle volume, quality and function (i.e., health). Reduced mitochondrial mRNA expression, protein abundance, and protein synthesis rates appear to promote the decline of mitochondrial protein quality and function. Decreased mitochondrial function is suspected to impede energy demanding processes such as skeletal muscle protein turnover, which is critical for maintaining protein quality and thus skeletal muscle health with advancing age. The focus of this review was to discuss promising human physiological systems underpinning the decline of mitochondrial and skeletal muscle health with advancing age while highlighting therapeutic strategies such as aerobic exercise and caloric restriction for combating age-related functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Konopka
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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66
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Noninvasive monitoring of training induced muscle adaptation with 31P-MRS: fibre type shifts correlate with metabolic changes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:417901. [PMID: 23998123 PMCID: PMC3749530 DOI: 10.1155/2013/417901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate training induced metabolic changes noninvasively with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) for measuring muscle fibre type adaptation.
Methods. Eleven volunteers underwent a 24-week training, consisting of speed-strength, endurance, and detraining (each 8 weeks). Prior to and following each training period, needle biopsies and 31P-MRS of the resting gastrocnemius muscle were performed. Fibre type distribution was analyzed histologically and tested for correlation with the ratios of high energy phosphates ([PCr]/[Pi], [PCr]/[βATP] and [PCr + Pi]/[βATP]). The correlation between the changes of the 31P-MRS parameters during training and the resulting changes in fibre composition were also analysed. Results. We observed an increased type-II-fibre proportion after speed-strength and detraining. After endurance training the percentage of fast-twitch fibres was reduced. The progression of the [PCr]/[Pi]-ratio was similar to that of the fast-twitch fibres during the training. We found a correlation between the type-II-fibre proportion and [PCr]/[Pi] (r = 0.70, P < 0.01) or [PCr]/[βATP] (r = 0.69, P < 0.01); the correlations between its changes (delta) and the fibre-shift were significant as well (delta[PCr]/[Pi] r = 0.66, delta[PCr]/[βATP] r = 0.55, P < 0.01). Conclusion. Shifts in fibre type composition and high energy phosphate metabolite content covary in human gastrocnemius muscle. Therefore 31P-MRS might be a feasible method for noninvasive monitoring of exercise-induced fibre type transformation.
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67
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De Ceuninck F, Fradin A, Pastoureau P. Bearing arms against osteoarthritis and sarcopenia: when cartilage and skeletal muscle find common interest in talking together. Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:305-11. [PMID: 23973339 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, a disease characterized by cartilage degradation, abnormal subchondral bone remodelling and some grade of inflammation, and sarcopenia, a condition of pathological muscle weakness associated with altered muscle mass, strength, and function, are prevalent disorders in elderly people. There is increasing evidence that decline in lower limb muscle strength is associated with knee or hip osteoarthritis in a context of pain, altered joint stability, maladapted postures and defective neuromuscular communication. At the cellular and molecular levels, chondrocytes and myoblasts share common pathological targets and pathways, and the close anatomical location of both cell types suggest a possibility of paracrine communication. In this review, we examine the relationship between osteoarthritis and sarcopenia in the musculoskeletal field, and discuss the potential advantage of concomitant therapies, or how each disorder may benefit from treatment of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric De Ceuninck
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Department of Rheumatology, 11 rue des Moulineaux, Suresnes 92150, France.
| | - Armel Fradin
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Department of Rheumatology, 11 rue des Moulineaux, Suresnes 92150, France
| | - Philippe Pastoureau
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Department of Rheumatology, 11 rue des Moulineaux, Suresnes 92150, France
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68
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Layec G, Haseler LJ, Trinity JD, Hart CR, Liu X, Le Fur Y, Jeong EK, Richardson RS. Mitochondrial function and increased convective O2 transport: implications for the assessment of mitochondrial respiration in vivo. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:803-11. [PMID: 23813526 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00257.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS)-based evidence suggests that in vivo peak mitochondrial respiration rate in young untrained adults is limited by the intrinsic mitochondrial capacity of ATP synthesis, it remains unknown whether a large, locally targeted increase in convective O2 delivery would alter this interpretation. Consequently, we examined the effect of superimposing reactive hyperemia (RH), induced by a period of brief ischemia during the last minute of exercise, on oxygen delivery and mitochondrial function in the calf muscle of nine young adults compared with free-flow conditions (FF). To this aim, we used an integrative experimental approach combining 31P-MRS, Doppler ultrasound imaging, and near-infrared spectroscopy. Limb blood flow [area under the curve (AUC), 1.4 ± 0.8 liters in FF and 2.5 ± 0.3 liters in RH, P < 0.01] and convective O2 delivery (AUC, 0.30 ± 0.16 liters in FF and 0.54 ± 0.05 liters in RH, P < 0.01), were significantly increased in RH compared with FF. RH was also associated with significantly higher capillary blood flow (P < 0.05) and faster tissue reoxygenation mean response times (70 ± 15 s in FF and 24 ± 15 s in RH, P < 0.05). This resulted in a 43% increase in estimated peak mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate (29 ± 13 mM/min in FF and 41 ± 14 mM/min in RH, P < 0.05) whereas the phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery time constant in RH was not significantly different (P = 0.22). This comprehensive assessment of local skeletal muscle O2 availability and utilization in untrained subjects reveals that mitochondrial function, assessed in vivo by 31P-MRS, is limited by convective O2 delivery rather than an intrinsic mitochondrial limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenael Layec
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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69
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Gineste C, Le Fur Y, Vilmen C, Le Troter A, Pecchi E, Cozzone PJ, Hardeman EC, Bendahan D, Gondin J. Combined MRI and ³¹P-MRS investigations of the ACTA1(H40Y) mouse model of nemaline myopathy show impaired muscle function and altered energy metabolism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61517. [PMID: 23613869 PMCID: PMC3629063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is the most common disease entity among non-dystrophic skeletal muscle congenital diseases. Mutations in the skeletal muscle α-actin gene (ACTA1) account for ∼25% of all NM cases and are the most frequent cause of severe forms of NM. So far, the mechanisms underlying muscle weakness in NM patients remain unclear. Additionally, recent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies reported a progressive fatty infiltration of skeletal muscle with a specific muscle involvement in patients with ACTA1 mutations. We investigated strictly noninvasively the gastrocnemius muscle function of a mouse model carrying a mutation in the ACTA1 gene (H40Y). Skeletal muscle anatomy (hindlimb muscles and fat volumes) and energy metabolism were studied using MRI and 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Skeletal muscle contractile performance was investigated while applying a force-frequency protocol (from 1–150 Hz) and a fatigue protocol (80 stimuli at 40 Hz). H40Y mice showed a reduction of both absolute (−40%) and specific (−25%) maximal force production as compared to controls. Interestingly, muscle weakness was associated with an improved resistance to fatigue (+40%) and an increased energy cost. On the contrary, the force frequency relationship was not modified in H40Y mice and the extent of fatty infiltration was minor and not different from the WT group. We concluded that the H40Y mouse model does not reproduce human MRI findings but shows a severe muscle weakness which might be related to an alteration of intrinsic muscular properties. The increased energy cost in H40Y mice might be related to either an impaired mitochondrial function or an alteration at the cross-bridges level. Overall, we provided a unique set of anatomic, metabolic and functional biomarkers that might be relevant for monitoring the progression of NM disease but also for assessing the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions at a preclinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gineste
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Marseille, France
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Vilmen
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Le Troter
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Pecchi
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Marseille, France
| | - Patrick J. Cozzone
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Marseille, France
| | - Edna C. Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Bendahan
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Marseille, France
| | - Julien Gondin
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
A growing body of research is investigating the potential contribution of mitochondrial function to the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Numerous in vitro, in situ, and in vivo methodologies are available to examine various aspects of mitochondrial function, each requiring an understanding of their principles, advantages, and limitations. This review provides investigators with a critical overview of the strengths, limitations and critical experimental parameters to consider when selecting and conducting studies on mitochondrial function. In vitro (isolated mitochondria) and in situ (permeabilized cells/tissue) approaches provide direct access to the mitochondria, allowing for study of mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox function under defined substrate conditions. Several experimental parameters must be tightly controlled, including assay media, temperature, oxygen concentration, and in the case of permeabilized skeletal muscle, the contractile state of the fibers. Recently developed technology now offers the opportunity to measure oxygen consumption in intact cultured cells. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides the most direct way of assessing mitochondrial function in vivo with interpretations based on specific modeling approaches. The continuing rapid evolution of these technologies offers new and exciting opportunities for deciphering the potential role of mitochondrial function in the etiology and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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71
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Sinha A, Hollingsworth KG, Ball S, Cheetham T. Improving the vitamin D status of vitamin D deficient adults is associated with improved mitochondrial oxidative function in skeletal muscle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E509-13. [PMID: 23393184 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suboptimal mitochondrial function has been implicated in several disorders in which fatigue is a prominent feature. Vitamin D deficiency is a well-recognized cause of fatigue and myopathy. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cholecalciferol therapy on skeletal mitochondrial oxidative function in symptomatic, vitamin D-deficient individuals. DESIGN This longitudinal study assessed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the gastrosoleus compartment using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of phosphocreatine recovery kinetics in 12 symptomatic, severely vitamin D-deficient subjects before and after treatment with cholecalciferol. All subjects had serum assays before and after cholecalciferol therapy to document serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and bone profiles. Fifteen healthy controls also underwent (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and serum 25OHD assessment. RESULTS The phosphocreatine recovery half-time (τ1/2PCr) was significantly reduced after cholecalciferol therapy in the subjects indicating an improvement in maximal oxidative phosphorylation (34.44 ± 8.18 sec to 27.84 ± 9.54 sec, P < .001). This was associated with an improvement in mean serum 25OHD levels (8.8 ± 4.2 nmol/L to 113.8 ± 51.5 nmol/L, P < .001). There was no difference in phosphate metabolites at rest. A linear regression model showed that decreasing serum 25OHD levels was associated with increasing τ1/2PCr (r = -0.41, P = .009). All patients reported an improvement in fatigue after cholecalciferol therapy. CONCLUSIONS Cholecalciferol therapy augments muscle mitochondrial maximal oxidative phosphorylation after exercise in symptomatic, vitamin D-deficient individuals. This finding suggests that changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle could at least be partly responsible for the fatigue experienced by these patients. For the first time, we demonstrate a link between vitamin D and the mitochondria in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Sinha
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology , Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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72
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Parasoglou P, Xia D, Chang G, Regatte RR. 3D-mapping of phosphocreatine concentration in the human calf muscle at 7 T: comparison to 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2013; 70:1619-25. [PMID: 23390003 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development and implementation of a spectrally selective 3D-Turbo Spin Echo sequence for quantitative mapping of phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration in different muscles of the lower leg of healthy volunteers both at 3 T and 7 T. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers were recruited, all of whom where scanned at 3 T and 7 T. Three dimensional PCr concentration maps were obtained after images were corrected for B1 inhomogeneities, T1 relaxation weighting, and partial volume of fatty tissue in the muscles. Two volunteers performed plantar flexions inside the magnet, and the oxidative capacity of their muscles was estimated. RESULTS Three dimensional PCr concentration maps were obtained, with full muscle coverage and nominal voxel size of 0.52 mL at both fields. At 7 T a 2.7-fold increase of signal-to-noise ratio was achieved compared to 3 T. CONCLUSION Imaging (31) P metabolites at 7 T allowed for significant increase in signal to noise ratio compared to imaging at 3 T, while quantification of the PCr concentration remained unaffected. The importance of such an increase in signal-to-noise ratio is 2-fold, first higher resolution images with reduced partial volume effects can be acquired, and second multiple measurements such as dynamic imaging of PCr post-exercise, (31) P magnetization transfer, or other (1) H measurements, can be acquired in a single imaging session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Parasoglou
- Quantitative Multinuclear Musculoskeletal Imaging Group (QMMIG), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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73
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Ryan TE, Brizendine JT, McCully KK. A comparison of exercise type and intensity on the noninvasive assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 114:230-7. [PMID: 23154991 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01043.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to measure muscle oxygen consumption (mVO(2)) using arterial occlusions. The recovery rate of mVO(2) after exercise can provide an index of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. The purpose of this study was to test the influence of exercise modality and intensity on NIRS measurements of mitochondrial function. Three experiments were performed. Thirty subjects (age: 18-27 yr) were tested. NIRS signals were corrected for blood volume changes. The recovery of mVO(2) after exercise was fit to a monoexponential curve, and a rate constant was calculated (directly related to mitochondrial function). No differences were found in NIRS rate constants for VOL and ES exercises (2.04 ± 0.57 vs. 2.01 ± 0.59 min(-1) for VOL and ES, respectively; P = 0.317). NIRS rate constants were independent of the contraction frequency for both VOL and ES (VOL: P = 0.166 and ES: P = 0.780). ES current intensity resulted in significant changes to the normalized time-tension integral (54 ± 11, 82 ± 7, and 100 ± 0% for low, medium, and high currents, respectively; P < 0.001) but did not influence NIRS rate constants (2.02 ± 0.54, 1.95 ± 0.44, 2.02 ± 0.46 min(-1) for low, medium, and high currents, respectively; P = 0.771). In summary, NIRS measurements of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function can be compared between VOL and ES exercises and were independent of the intensity of exercise. NIRS represents an important new technique that is practical for testing in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Ryan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Befroy DE, Rothman DL, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. ³¹P-magnetization transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of in vivo metabolism. Diabetes 2012; 61:2669-78. [PMID: 23093656 PMCID: PMC3478545 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a broad range of noninvasive analytical methods for investigating metabolism in vivo. Of these, the magnetization-transfer (MT) techniques permit the estimation of the unidirectional fluxes associated with metabolic exchange reactions. Phosphorus (³¹P) MT measurements can be used to examine the bioenergetic reactions of the creatine-kinase system and the ATP synthesis/hydrolysis cycle. Observations from our group and others suggest that the inorganic phosphate (P(i)) → ATP flux in skeletal muscle may be modulated by certain conditions, including aging, insulin resistance, and diabetes, and may reflect inherent alterations in mitochondrial metabolism. However, such effects on the P(i) → ATP flux are not universally observed under conditions in which mitochondrial function, assessed by other techniques, is impaired, and recent articles have raised concerns about the absolute magnitude of the measured reaction rates. As the application of ³¹P-MT techniques becomes more widespread, this article reviews the methodology and outlines our experience with its implementation in a variety of models in vivo. Also discussed are potential limitations of the technique, complementary methods for assessing oxidative metabolism, and whether the P(i) → ATP flux is a viable biomarker of metabolic function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Befroy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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