51
|
Disperse-within-disperse patterning on ternary/binary mixed-brush single crystals using polyaniline, polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) grafts. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
52
|
Abbaspoor S, Agbolaghi S, Nazari M, Abbasi F. Conventional and rare-patched rod/coil matrix-dispersed patternings on single crystals affected by Rigidity, amorphism and crystallinity of brushes. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
53
|
Al-Ani A, Pingle H, P Reynolds N, Wang PY, Kingshott P. Tuning the Density of Poly(ethylene glycol) Chains to Control Mammalian Cell and Bacterial Attachment. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9080343. [PMID: 30971020 PMCID: PMC6418490 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface modification of biomaterials with polymer chains has attracted great attention because of their ability to control biointerfacial interactions such as protein adsorption, cell attachment and bacterial biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to control the immobilisation of biomolecules on silicon wafers using poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) chains by a "grafting to" technique. In particular, to control the polymer chain graft density in order to capture proteins and preserve their activity in cell culture as well as find the optimal density that would totally prevent bacterial attachment. The PEG graft density was varied by changing the polymer solubility using an increasing salt concentration. The silicon substrates were initially modified with aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES), where the surface density of amine groups was optimised using different concentrations. The results showed under specific conditions, the PEG density was highest with grafting under "cloud point" conditions. The modified surfaces were characterised with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and water contact angle measurements. In addition, all modified surfaces were tested with protein solutions and in cell (mesenchymal stem cells and MG63 osteoblast-like cells) and bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) attachment assays. Overall, the lowest protein adsorption was observed on the highest polymer graft density, bacterial adhesion was very low on all modified surfaces, and it can be seen that the attachment of mammalian cells gradually increased as the PEG grafting density decreased, reaching the maximum attachment at medium PEG densities. The results demonstrate that, at certain PEG surface coverages, mammalian cell attachment can be tuned with the potential to optimise their behaviour with controlled serum protein adsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Ani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Hitesh Pingle
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Nicholas P Reynolds
- ARC Training Centre for Biodevices, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Li Y, Pan T, Ma B, Liu J, Sun J. Healable Antifouling Films Composed of Partially Hydrolyzed Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and Poly(acrylic acid). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14429-14436. [PMID: 28398038 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling polymeric films can prevent undesirable adhesion of bacteria but are prone to accidental scratches, leading to a loss of their antifouling functions. To solve this problem, we report the fabrication of healable antifouling polymeric films by layer-by-layer assembly of partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx-EI-7%) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) based on hydrogen-bonding interaction as the driving force. The thermally cross-linked (PAA/PEtOx-EI-7%)*100 films show strong resistance to adhesion of both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacteria due to the high surface and bulk concentration of the antifouling polymer PEtOx-EI-7%. Meanwhile, the dynamic nature of the hydrogen-bonding interactions and the high mobility of the polymers in the presence of water enable repeated healing of cuts of several tens of micrometers wide in cross-linked (PAA/PEtOx-EI-7%)*100 films to fully restore their antifouling function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiezheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zahoranová A, Mrlík M, Tomanová K, Kronek J, Luxenhofer R. ABA and BAB Triblock Copolymers Based on 2-Methyl-2-oxazoline and 2-n-Propyl-2-oxazoline: Synthesis and Thermoresponsive Behavior in Water. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zahoranová
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Mrlík
- Centre of Polymer Systems; University Institute; Tomas Bata University in Zlín; Trˇída T. Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Tomanová
- Department of Polymer Processing; Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers; Slovak University of Technology; Krsˇkanská 21 949 01 Nitra Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University of Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Furchner A, Kroning A, Rauch S, Uhlmann P, Eichhorn KJ, Hinrichs K. Molecular Interactions and Hydration States of Ultrathin Functional Films at the Solid-Liquid Interface. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3240-3244. [PMID: 28256133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We significantly improve the infrared analysis of ultrathin films in aqueous environments by employing in situ infrared ellipsometry. Combining it with rigorous optical modeling avoids otherwise typical misinterpretations of spectral features and enables the simultaneous quantification of chemical composition, hydration states, structure, and molecular interactions. We apply this approach to study covalently end-grafted, nanometer-thin brushes of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), a thermoresponsive model polymer for proteins at solid-liquid interfaces. Quantitative analyses are based on a dielectric layer model that accounts for film swelling and deswelling, hydration of hydrophilic amide and hydrophobic isopropyl side groups, as well as molecular interactions of the polymer's amide moieties. We thereby quantify the hydration and structure dependence of intra- and intermolecular C═O···H-N and C═O···H2O hydrogen bonds, elucidating their role in the brush's temperature-induced phase separation. The presented method is directly applicable to functional and biorelated films like polymer and polypeptide layers, which is of topical interest for interface studies, such as membrane processes and protein unfolding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Furchner
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. , Schwarzschildstraße 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Kroning
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. , Schwarzschildstraße 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rauch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Uhlmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Hinrichs
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. , Schwarzschildstraße 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Bludau H, Czapar AE, Pitek AS, Shukla S, Jordan R, Steinmetz NF. POxylation as an alternative stealth coating for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2017; 88:679-688. [PMID: 28713172 PMCID: PMC5510027 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers are currently used in a variety of medical formulations to reduce toxicity, minimize immune interactions and improve pharmacokinetics. Despite its widespread use however, the presence of anti-PEG antibodies indicates that this polymer has the potential to be immunogenic and antigenic. Here we present an alternative polymer, poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) for stealth applications, specifically shielding of a proteinaceous nanoparticle from recognition by the immune system. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was used as our testbed due to its potential for use as a nanocarrier for drug delivery and molecular imaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herdis Bludau
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische
Unversität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna E. Czapar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
OH 44106, United States
| | - Andrzej S. Pitek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische
Unversität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
OH 44106, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Hou L, Fang J, Wang W, Xie Z, Dong D, Zhang N. Indocyanine green-functionalized bottle brushes of poly(2-oxazoline) on cellulose nanocrystals for photothermal cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3348-3354. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bottle brushes of poly(2-oxazoline) on CNCsviaUV-induced photopolymerization and living cationic ring-opening polymerization are demonstrated for efficient photothermal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liman Hou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Jianyong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Dewen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Feng H, Changez M, Hong K, Mays JW, Kang NG. 2-Isopropenyl-2-oxazoline: Well-Defined Homopolymers and Block Copolymers via Living Anionic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Mohammad Changez
- Department
of Basic Sciences, College of Applied Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman
| | | | - Jimmy W. Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Nam-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Lin W, Yao N, Li H, Hanson S, Han W, Wang C, Zhang L. Co-Delivery of Imiquimod and Plasmid DNA via an Amphiphilic pH-Responsive Star Polymer that Forms Unimolecular Micelles in Water. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E397. [PMID: 30974677 PMCID: PMC6431966 DOI: 10.3390/polym8110397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual functional unimolecular micelles based on a pH-responsive amphiphilic star polymer β-CD-(PLA-b-PDMAEMA-b-PEtOxMA)21 have been developed for the co-delivery of imiquimod and plasmid DNA to dendritic cells. The star polymer with well-defined triblock arms was synthesized by combining activator regenerated by electron-transfer atom-transfer radical polymerization with ring-opening polymerization. Dissipative particle dynamics simulation showed that core-mesophere-shell-type unimolecular micelles could be formed. Imiquimod-loaded micelles had a drug loading of 1.6 wt % and a larger average size (28 nm) than blank micelles (19 nm). The release of imiquimod in vitro was accelerated at the mildly acidic endolysosomal pH (5.0) in comparison to physiologic pH (7.4). Compared with blank micelles, a higher N:P ratio was required for imiquimod-loaded micelles to fully condense DNA into micelleplexes averaging 200⁻400 nm in size. In comparison to blank micelleplexes, imiquimod-loaded micelleplexes of the same N:P ratio displayed similar or slightly higher efficiency of gene transfection in a mouse dendritic cell line (DC2.4) without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that such pH-responsive unimolecular micelles formed by the well-defined amphiphilic star polymer may serve as promising nano-scale carriers for combined delivery of hydrophobic immunostimulatory drugs (such as imiquimod) and plasmid DNA with potential application in gene-based immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Na Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Samuel Hanson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Wenqing Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Krumm C, Tiller JC. Antimicrobial Polymers and Surfaces – Natural Mimics or Surpassing Nature? BIO-INSPIRED POLYMERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626664-00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fighting pathogenic microbes is one of the great current challenges of mankind. Nature has developed several techniques to counteract microbial attacks. Science has also yielded several technologies, including antimicrobial polymers as biocides and polymers used for microbe killing and repelling surfaces. Recent scientific antimicrobial approaches are mimicking natural concepts. In this chapter, current developments in antimicrobial and antifouling polymers and surfaces are reviewed and discussed regarding the question whether they mimic nature or surpass it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krumm
- Department of Bio- and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund Emil-Figge-Str. 66 D-44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Joerg C. Tiller
- Department of Bio- and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund Emil-Figge-Str. 66 D-44227 Dortmund Germany
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Dehghani ES, Spencer ND, Ramakrishna SN, Benetti EM. Crosslinking Polymer Brushes with Ethylene Glycol-Containing Segments: Influence on Physicochemical and Antifouling Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10317-10327. [PMID: 27642809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of different types and concentrations of crosslinks within poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes influences their interfacial, physicochemical properties, ultimately governing their adsorption of proteins. PHEMA brushes and brush-hydrogels were synthesized by surface-initiated, atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) from HEMA, with and without the addition of di(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) or tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as crosslinkers. Linear (pure PHEMA) brushes show high hydration and low modulus and additionally provide an efficient barrier against nonspecific protein adsorption. In contrast, brush-hydrogels are stiffer and less hydrated, and the presence of crosslinks affects the entropy-driven, conformational barrier that hinders the surface interaction of biomolecules with brushes. This leads to the physisorption of proteins at low concentrations of short crosslinks. At higher contents of DEGDMA or in the presence of longer TEGDMA-based crosslinks, brush-hydrogels recover their antifouling properties due to the increase in interfacial water association by the higher concentration of ethylene glycol (EG) units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella S Dehghani
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shivaprakash N Ramakrishna
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
wyffels L, Verbrugghen T, Monnery BD, Glassner M, Stroobants S, Hoogenboom R, Staelens S. μPET imaging of the pharmacokinetic behavior of medium and high molar mass 89 Zr-labeled poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) in comparison to poly(ethylene glycol). J Control Release 2016; 235:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
64
|
Koshkina O, Westmeier D, Lang T, Bantz C, Hahlbrock A, Würth C, Resch-Genger U, Braun U, Thiermann R, Weise C, Eravci M, Mohr B, Schlaad H, Stauber RH, Docter D, Bertin A, Maskos M. Tuning the Surface of Nanoparticles: Impact of Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) on Protein Adsorption in Serum and Cellular Uptake. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1287-300. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Koshkina
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Dana Westmeier
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology; University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
| | - Thomas Lang
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Bantz
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
| | - Angelina Hahlbrock
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology; University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
| | - Christian Würth
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Ulrike Braun
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Raphael Thiermann
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Thielallee 63 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Murat Eravci
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Thielallee 63 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Benjamin Mohr
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology; University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
| | - Dominic Docter
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology; University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
| | - Annabelle Bertin
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Organic Chemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Maskos
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
He Z, Wan X, Schulz A, Bludau H, Dobrovolskaia MA, Stern ST, Montgomery SA, Yuan H, Li Z, Alakhova D, Sokolsky M, Darr DB, Perou CM, Jordan R, Luxenhofer R, Kabanov AV. A high capacity polymeric micelle of paclitaxel: Implication of high dose drug therapy to safety and in vivo anti-cancer activity. Biomaterials 2016; 101:296-309. [PMID: 27315213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The poor solubility of paclitaxel (PTX), the commercially most successful anticancer drug, has long been hampering the development of suitable formulations. Here, we present translational evaluation of a nanoformulation of PTX, which is characterized by a facile preparation, extraordinary high drug loading of 50% wt. and PTX solubility of up to 45 g/L, excellent shelf stability and controllable, sub-100 nm size. We observe favorable in vitro and in vivo safety profiles and a higher maximum tolerated dose compared to clinically approved formulations. Pharmacokinetic analysis reveals that the higher dose administered leads to a higher exposure of the tumor to PTX. As a result, we observed improved therapeutic outcome in orthotopic tumor models including particularly faithful and aggressive "T11" mouse claudin-low breast cancer orthotopic, syngeneic transplants. The promising preclinical data on the presented PTX nanoformulation showcase the need to investigate new excipients and is a robust basis to translate into clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian He
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Wan
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anita Schulz
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Herdis Bludau
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephan T Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Daria Alakhova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Marina Sokolsky
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David B Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Animal Study Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Animal Study Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Styan KE, Easton CD, Weaver LG, Meagher L. One-Reactant Photografting of ATRP Initiators for Surface-Initiated Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1079-86. [PMID: 27145108 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-initiated photografting polymerization is used to couple the polymerizable initiator monomer 2-(2-chloropropanoyloxy)ethyl acrylate to a range of polymeric substrates. The technique requires only UV light to couple the initiator to surfaces. The initiator surface density can be varied by inclusion of a diluent monomer or via selection of initiator and irradiation parameters. The functionality of the initiator surface is demonstrated by subsequent surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Surfaces are characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-induced changes to the initiator are assessed by (1) H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). This is the first time this one-reactant one-step technique has been demonstrated for creating an initiator surface of variable density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Styan
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Polymers, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | | | - Lucy G Weaver
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Laurence Meagher
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Nawroth JF, McDaniel JR, Chilkoti A, Jordan R, Luxenhofer R. Maleimide-Functionalized Poly(2-Oxazoline)s and Their Conjugation to Elastin-Like Polypeptides. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:322-33. [PMID: 26756582 PMCID: PMC5320936 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The design of drug delivery systems capable of efficiently delivering poorly soluble drugs to target sites still remains a major challenge. Such materials require several different functionalities; typically, these materials should be biodegradable and nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, responsive to their environment, and soluble in aqueous solution while retaining the ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs. Here, a polypeptide-polymer hybrid of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) and poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) is reported. This paper describes the chemical synthesis, physical characteristics, and drug loading potential of these novel hybrid macromolecules. A novel method is introduced for terminal functionalization of POx with protected maleimide moieties. Following recovery of the maleimide group via a retro Diels-Alder reaction, the consecutive Michael addition of thiol-functionalized ELPs yields the desired protein-polymer conjugate. These conjugates form nanoparticles in aqueous solution capable of solubilizing the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel with up to 8 wt% loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Nawroth
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan R McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0281, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0281, USA
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Zhu X, Guo S, He T, Jiang S, Jańczewski D, Vancso GJ. Engineered, Robust Polyelectrolyte Multilayers by Precise Control of Surface Potential for Designer Protein, Cell, and Bacteria Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1338-1346. [PMID: 26756285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linked layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies with a precisely tuned surface ζ-potential were fabricated to control the adsorption of proteins, mammalian cells, and bacteria for different biomedical applications. Two weak polyions including a synthesized polyanion and polyethylenimine were assembled under controlled conditions and cross-linked to prepare three robust LbL films as model surfaces with similar roughness and water affinity but displaying negative, zero, and positive net charges at the physiological pH (7.4). These surfaces were tested for their abilities to adsorb proteins, including bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYZ). In the adsorption tests, the LbL films bind more proteins with opposite charges but less of those with like charges, indicating that electrostatic interactions play a major role in protein adsorption. However, LYZ showed higher nonspecific adsorption than BSA, because of the specific behavior of LYZ molecules, such as stacked multilayer formation during adsorption. To exclude such stacking effects from experiments, protein molecules were covalently immobilized on AFM colloidal probes to measure the adhesion forces against the model surfaces utilizing direct protein molecule-surface contacts. The results confirmed the dominating role of electrostatic forces in protein adhesion. In fibroblast cell and bacteria adhesion tests, similar trends (high adhesion on positively charged surfaces, but much lower on neutral and negatively charged surfaces) were observed because the fibroblast cell and bacterial surfaces studied possess negative potentials. The cross-linked LbL films with improved stability and engineered surface charge described in this study provide an excellent platform to control the behavior of different charged objects and can be utilized in practical biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Shifeng Guo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Tao He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Laboratory of Technological Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Julius Vancso
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Lilge I, Schönherr H. Control of Cell Attachment and Spreading on Poly(acrylamide) Brushes with Varied Grafting Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:838-847. [PMID: 26771447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To achieve spatial control of fibroblast cell attachment and spreading on a biocompatible polymer coating, the effect of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) brushes with varied grafting density was investigated. The synthesis of the brushes was performed by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Gold substrates were modified with binary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of an initiator and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) as an "inert" thiol to initiate the ATRP of AAm. By using different mixtures for the binary SAMs, a series of polymer brushes with varied grafting densities were prepared. The fractional coverage of surface bound initiator was determined by grazing incidence Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and contact angle measurements. A linear relationship between the Br/S ratio determined by XPS and ToF-SIMS versus the fraction of initiator on the surface determined by water contact angle measurements was observed. The varied initiation concentration on the gold substrates yielded PAAm brushes with different thicknesses, indicating a transition from mushroom to brush regimes with increasing grafting density. Thereby we achieved exquisite control of the degree of cell adhesion. Cell attachment experiments with NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells revealed cell spreading on PAAm brushes with low grafting densities (initiator fractional coverage <0.2) as well as a complete passivation by polymer brushes with higher grafting densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Lilge
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Bian H, Yang J, Zhang N, Wang Q, Liang Y, Dong D. Ultrathin free-standing polymer membranes with chemically responsive luminescence via consecutive photopolymerizations. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py02013a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and general strategy for the preparation of chemically responsive ultrathin free-standing polymer membranes is demonstrated via UV-induced photopolymerizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Qiliao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yongjiu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Dewen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Hou L, Wang L, Zhang N, Xie Z, Dong D. Polymer brushes on metal–organic frameworks by UV-induced photopolymerization. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for creating polymer brushes on the surface of MOF nanoparticles and membranes is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liman Hou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Dewen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Jung S, Kwon I. Expansion of bioorthogonal chemistries towards site-specific polymer–protein conjugation. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistries have been used to achieve polymer-protein conjugation with the retained critical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Secheon Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - Inchan Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Yang J, Li L, Ma C, Ye X. Degradable polyurethane with poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) brushes for protein resistance. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13663j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of chain length and graft density of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) on the protein resistance of degradable polyurethane-graft-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) with PCL as the soft segment have been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Chunfeng Ma
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Gangloff N, Ulbricht J, Lorson T, Schlaad H, Luxenhofer R. Peptoids and Polypeptoids at the Frontier of Supra- and Macromolecular Engineering. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1753-802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Gangloff
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Ulbricht
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lorson
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Lück S, Schubel R, Rüb J, Hahn D, Mathieu E, Zimmermann H, Scharnweber D, Werner C, Pautot S, Jordan R. Tailored and biodegradable poly(2-oxazoline) microbeads as 3D matrices for stem cell culture in regenerative therapies. Biomaterials 2015; 79:1-14. [PMID: 26686977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of hydrogel microbeads based on telechelic poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) crosslinkers and the methacrylate monomers (HEMA, METAC, SPMA) by inverse emulsion polymerization. While in batch experiments only irregular and ill-defined beads were obtained, the preparation in a microfluidic (MF) device resulted in highly defined hydrogel microbeads. Variation of the MF parameters allowed to control the microbead diameter from 50 to 500 μm. Microbead elasticity could be tuned from 2 to 20 kPa by the POx:monomer composition, the POx chain length, net charge of the hydrogel introduced via the monomer as well as by the organic content of the aqueous phase. The proliferations of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the microbeads were studied. While neutral, hydrophilic POx-PHEMA beads were bioinert, excessive colonization of hMSCs on charged POx-PMETAC and POx-PSPMA was observed. The number of proliferated cells scaled roughly linear with the METAC or SPMA comonomer content. Additional collagen I coating further improved the stem cell proliferation. Finally, a first POx-based system for the preparation of biodegradable hydrogel microcarriers is described and evaluated for stem cell culturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Lück
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Fetcherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Schubel
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jannick Rüb
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominik Hahn
- Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelien Mathieu
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Fetcherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Zimmermann
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Pautot
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Fetcherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Fetcherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Correia VG, Ferraria AM, Pinho MG, Aguiar-Ricardo A. Antimicrobial Contact-Active Oligo(2-oxazoline)s-Grafted Surfaces for Fast Water Disinfection at the Point-of-Use. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3904-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa G. Correia
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Bacterial
Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Av. da República (EAN) 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Ferraria
- Centro
de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana G. Pinho
- Bacterial
Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Av. da República (EAN) 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Aguiar-Ricardo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Ramiasa MN, Cavallaro AA, Mierczynska A, Christo SN, Gleadle JM, Hayball JD, Vasilev K. Plasma polymerised polyoxazoline thin films for biomedical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4279-82. [PMID: 25673366 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00260e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline)s are emerging revolutionary biomaterials, exhibiting comparable and even superior properties to well-established counterparts. Overcoming current tedious wet synthesis methods, we report solvent-free and substrate independent, plasma polymerised nanoscale biocompatible polyoxazoline coatings capable of controlling protein and cell adhesion, and significantly reducing biofilm build up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Ramiasa
- Mawson Institute, UniSA, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Schneider M, Tang Z, Richter M, Marschelke C, Förster P, Wegener E, Amin I, Zimmermann H, Scharnweber D, Braun HG, Luxenhofer R, Jordan R. Patterned Polypeptoid Brushes. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:75-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schneider
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Zian Tang
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marcus Richter
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Claudia Marschelke
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Paul Förster
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Erik Wegener
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Heike Zimmermann
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden; Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden; Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Braun
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden; Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; School of Science; TU Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Pacelli S, Manoharan V, Desalvo A, Lomis N, Jodha KS, Prakash S, Paul A. Tailoring biomaterial surface properties to modulate host-implant interactions: implication in cardiovascular and bone therapy. J Mater Chem B 2015; 4:1586-1599. [PMID: 27630769 PMCID: PMC5019489 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01686j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Host body response to a foreign medical device plays a critical role in defining its fate post implantation. It is thus important to control host-material interactions by designing innovative implant surfaces. In the recent years, biochemical and topographical features have been explored as main target to produce this new type of bioinert or bioresponsive implants. The review discusses specific biofunctional materials and strategies to achieve a precise control over implant surface properties and presents possible solutions to develop next generation of implants, particularly in the fields of bone and cardiovascular therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Settimio Pacelli
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Vijayan Manoharan
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Anna Desalvo
- University of Southampton, School of Medicine, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikita Lomis
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Duff Medical Building, 3775 University Street, McGill University, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Kartikeya Singh Jodha
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Duff Medical Building, 3775 University Street, McGill University, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Arghya Paul
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
He T, Jańczewski D, Jana S, Parthiban A, Guo S, Zhu X, Lee SSC, Parra-Velandia FJ, Teo SLM, Vancso GJ. Efficient and robust coatings using poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and its copolymers for marine and bacterial fouling prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
- Laboratory of Technological Processes, Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-661 Warsaw Poland
| | - Satyasankar Jana
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences; A*STAR, 1; Pesek Road Jurong Island 627833 Singapore
| | - Anbanandam Parthiban
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences; A*STAR, 1; Pesek Road Jurong Island 627833 Singapore
| | - Shifeng Guo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Serina Siew-Chen Lee
- Tropical Marine Science Institute; National University of Singapore; 18 Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119227 Singapore
| | - Fernando Jose Parra-Velandia
- Tropical Marine Science Institute; National University of Singapore; 18 Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119227 Singapore
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- Tropical Marine Science Institute; National University of Singapore; 18 Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119227 Singapore
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences; A*STAR, 1; Pesek Road Jurong Island 627833 Singapore
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente; P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Roling O, De Bruycker K, Vonhören B, Stricker L, Körsgen M, Arlinghaus HF, Ravoo BJ, Du Prez FE. Herstellung mikrostrukturierter Polymerbürsten auf wiederbeschreibbaren Oberflächen durch Triazolindion-Click-Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
82
|
Roling O, De Bruycker K, Vonhören B, Stricker L, Körsgen M, Arlinghaus HF, Ravoo BJ, Du Prez FE. Rewritable Polymer Brush Micropatterns Grafted by Triazolinedione Click Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13126-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Roling
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4‐bis, B‐9000 Gent (Belgium)
| | - Benjamin Vonhören
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Lucas Stricker
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Martin Körsgen
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Wilhelm‐Klemm‐Strasse 10, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Heinrich F. Arlinghaus
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Wilhelm‐Klemm‐Strasse 10, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4‐bis, B‐9000 Gent (Belgium)
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Macgregor-Ramiasa MN, Cavallaro AA, Vasilev K. Properties and reactivity of polyoxazoline plasma polymer films. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6327-6337. [PMID: 32262751 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00901d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxazolines arise as a promising new class of polymers for biomedical applications, but creating oxzoline-based coatings via conventional methods is challenging. Herein, nanoscale polyoxazoline coatings were generated via a single step plasma deposition process. The effects of plasma deposition conditions on the film stability, structure and chemical group density were investigated. Detailed examination of the physical and chemical properties of plasma deposited polyoxazoline via XPS, FTIR, contact angle and ellipsometry unravels the complex functionality of the films. Partial retention of the oxazoline ring facilitates a covalent reaction with the carboxylic acid groups present on nanoparticles and biomolecules. Surface bound proteins effectively retain their bioactivity, therefore a vast range of potential applications unlocks for plasma deposited polyoxazoline coatings in the field of biosensing, medical arrays and diagnosis.
Collapse
|
84
|
He Z, Miao L, Jordan R, S-Manickam D, Luxenhofer R, Kabanov AV. A Low Protein Binding Cationic Poly(2-oxazoline) as Non-Viral Vector. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1004-20. [PMID: 25846127 PMCID: PMC4893346 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing safe and efficient non-viral gene delivery systems remains a major challenge. We present a new cationic poly(2-oxazoline) (CPOx) block copolymer for gene therapy that was synthesized by sequential polymerization of non-ionic 2-methyl-2-oxazoline and a new 2-oxazoline monomer, 2-(N-methyl, N-Boc-amino)-methyl-2-oxazoline, followed by deprotection of the pendant secondary amine groups. Upon mixing with plasmid DNA (pDNA), CPOx forms small (diameter ≈80 nm) and narrowly dispersed polyplexes (PDI <0.2), which are stable upon dilution in saline and against thermal challenge. These polyplexes exhibited low plasma protein binding and very low cytotoxicity in vitro compared to the polyplexes of pDNA and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lysine) (PEG-b-PLL). CPOx/pDNA polyplexes at N/P = 5 bound considerably less plasma protein compared to polyplexes of PEG-b-PLL at the same N/P ratio. This is a unique aspect of the developed polyplexes emphasizing their potential for systemic delivery in vivo. The transfection efficiency of the polyplexes in B16 murine melanoma cells was low after 4 h, but increased significantly for 10 h exposure time, indicative of slow internalization of polyplexes. Addition of Pluronic P85 boosted the transfection using CPOx/pDNA polyplexes considerably. The low protein binding of CPOx/pDNA polyplexes is particularly interesting for the future development of targeted gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian He
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lei Miao
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Devika S-Manickam
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
He Z, Schulz A, Wan X, Seitz J, Bludau H, Alakhova DY, Darr DB, Perou CM, Jordan R, Ojima I, Kabanov AV, Luxenhofer R. Poly(2-oxazoline) based micelles with high capacity for 3rd generation taxoids: preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Control Release 2015; 208:67-75. [PMID: 25725361 PMCID: PMC4479148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinically and commercially successful taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel suffer from two major drawbacks, namely their very low aqueous solubility and the risk of developing resistance. Here, we present a method that overcomes both drawbacks in a very simple manner. We formulated 3rd generation taxoids, able to avoid common drug resistance mechanisms with doubly amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx), a safe and highly efficient polymer for the formulation of extremely hydrophobic drugs. We found excellent solubilization of different 3rd generation taxoids irrespective of the drug's chemical structures with essentially quantitative drug loading and final drug to polymer ratios around unity. The small, highly loaded micelles with a hydrodynamic diameter of less than 100nm are excellently suited for parenteral administration. Moreover, a selected formulation with the taxoid SB-T-1214 is about one to two orders of magnitude more active in vitro than paclitaxel in the multidrug resistant breast cancer cell line LCC6-MDR. In contrast, in wild-type LCC6, no difference was observed. Using a q4d×4 dosing regimen, we also found that POx/SB-T-1214 significantly inhibits the growth of LCC6-MDR orthotropic tumors, outperforming commercial paclitaxel drug Taxol and Cremophor EL formulated SB-T-1214.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian He
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599, USA
| | - Anita Schulz
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaomeng Wan
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599, USA
| | - Joshua Seitz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Herdis Bludau
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - David B. Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Animal Study Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Animal Study Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599, USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Seo Y, Schulz A, Han Y, He Z, Bludau H, Wan X, Tong J, Bronich TK, Sokolsky M, Luxenhofer R, Jordan R, Kabanov AV. Poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymer based formulations of taxanes: effect of copolymer and drug structure, concentration, and environmental factors. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngee Seo
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
| | - Anita Schulz
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yingchao Han
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198-5830 USA
| | - Zhijian He
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
| | - Herdis Bludau
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Xiaomeng Wan
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
| | - Jing Tong
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198-5830 USA
| | - Tatiana K. Bronich
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198-5830 USA
| | - Marina Sokolsky
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, Department Chemistry and Pharmacy; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119992 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Tait A, Fisher AL, Hartland T, Smart D, Glynne-Jones P, Hill M, Swindle EJ, Grossel M, Davies DE. Biocompatibility of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) brush surfaces for adherent lung cell lines. Biomaterials 2015; 61:26-32. [PMID: 25993014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of synthetic surfaces that are highly reproducible and biocompatible for in vitro cell culture offers potential for development of improved models for studies of cellular physiology and pathology. They may also be useful in tissue engineering by removal of the need for biologically-derived components such as extracellular matrix proteins. We synthesised four types of 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline polymers ranging from the hydrophilic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) to the hydrophobic poly(2-n-butyl-2-oxazoline). The polymers were terminated using amine-functionalised glass coverslips, enabling the synthetic procedure to be reproducible and scaleable. The polymer-coated glass slides were tested for biocompatibility using human epithelial (16HBE14o-) and fibroblastic (MRC5) cell lines. Differences in adhesion and motility of the two cell types was observed, with the poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) polymer equally supporting the growth of both cell types, whereas poly(2-n-butyl-2-oxazoline) showed selectivity for fibroblast growth. In summary, 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline polymers may be a useful tool for building in vitro model cell culture models with preferential adhesion of specific cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tait
- Brooke Laboratories, Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Adam L Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tom Hartland
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Smart
- Brooke Laboratories, Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Martyn Hill
- Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- Brooke Laboratories, Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin Grossel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Brooke Laboratories, Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
|
89
|
Murugan P, Krishnamurthy M, Jaisankar SN, Samanta D, Mandal AB. Controlled decoration of the surface with macromolecules: polymerization on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3212-43. [PMID: 25839067 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer functionalized surfaces are important components of various sensors, solar cells and molecular electronic devices. In this context, the use of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation and subsequent reactions on the surface have attracted a lot of interest due to its stability, reliability and excellent control over orientation of functional groups. The chemical reactions to be employed on a SAM must ensure an effective functional group conversion while the reaction conditions must be mild enough to retain the structural integrity. This synthetic constraint has no universal solution; specific strategies such as "graft from", "graft to", "graft through" or "direct" immobilization approaches are employed depending on the nature of the substrate, polymer and its area of applications. We have reviewed current developments in the methodology of immobilization of a polymer in the first part of the article. Special emphasis has been given to the merits and demerits of certain methods. Another issue concerns the utility - demonstrated or perceived - of conjugated or non-conjugated macromolecules anchored on a functionally decorated SAM in the areas of material science and biotechnology. In the last part of the review article, we looked at the collective research efforts towards SAM-based polymer devices and identified major pointers of progress (236 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Murugan
- Polymer Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai-600020, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
|
91
|
Hou Y, Xiao P, Zhang J, Peng M, Lu W, Huang Y, Ouyang C, Chen T. Fabricating a morphology tunable patterned bio-inspired polydopamine film directly via microcontact printing. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10829b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust and simple strategy of microcontact printing is provided to fabricate micro-patterned polydopamine (PDA) films with tunable morphology achieved by altering the concentration of PDA “ink” solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Hou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
| | - Peng Xiao
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Meiwen Peng
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Wei Lu
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Youju Huang
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Chunfa Ouyang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Polymer and Composite Materials
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Zheng X, Zhang C, Bai L, Liu S, Tan L, Wang Y. Antifouling property of monothiol-terminated bottle-brush poly(methylacrylic acid)-graft-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) copolymer on gold surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1921-1930. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01766h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of well-controlled bottle-brush poly(methylacrylic acid)-graft-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) copolymers were grafted to gold surfaces through an in situ aminolysis reaction to reduce protein adsorption and platelet adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiajun Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Longchao Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Songtao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Liu S, Chen C, Chen L, Zhu H, Zhang C, Wang Y. Pseudopeptide polymer coating for improving biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coating formed by electrochemical assembly of hydrolyzed poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and dopamine could improve the migration and proliferation of HUVECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Haikun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Ma J, Luan S, Song L, Yuan S, Yan S, Jin J, Yin J. Facile fabrication of microsphere-polymer brush hierarchically three-dimensional (3D) substrates for immunoassays. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6749-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01250c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A facile strategy was developed to create a microsphere-polymer brush hierarchically three-dimensional substrate for high signal and low noise in immunoassays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Lingjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Shuaishuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Shunjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Gieseler D, Jordan R. Poly(2-oxazoline) molecular brushes by grafting through of poly(2-oxazoline)methacrylates with aqueous ATRP. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00561b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Well defined molecular brushes of poly(2-oxazoline)s were synthesized by ATRP of oligo- and poly(2-methyl-, 2-ethyl- and 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) macromonomers in aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gieseler
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Department Chemie
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Department Chemie
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Lowe S, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Connal LA. Antibiofouling polymer interfaces: poly(ethylene glycol) and other promising candidates. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights antibiofouling polymer interfaces with emphasis on the latest developments using poly(ethylene glycol) and the design new polymeric structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Lowe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria
- Australia 3010
| | | | - Luke A. Connal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria
- Australia 3010
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Batista JHC, dos Santos FM, Bozzini LA, Vessecchi R, Oliveira ARM, Clososki GC. Directed Functionalization of Halophenyl-2-oxazolines with TMPMgCl·LiCl. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
98
|
Legros C, Wirotius AL, De Pauw-Gillet MC, Tam KC, Taton D, Lecommandoux S. Poly(2-oxazoline)-based nanogels as biocompatible pseudopolypeptide nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:183-91. [PMID: 25409266 DOI: 10.1021/bm501393q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic nanogels based on partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) were synthesized in dilute aqueous media in the presence of 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether as a cross-linker. Nanogel formation was monitored by DLS and HSQC NMR spectroscopy, and the final nano-objects were characterized by DLS, TEM, AFM, and NanoSight analyses. Nanogels with a hydrodynamic radius of 78 nm exhibiting a slight positive surface charge were obtained. MTS assays (cell metabolic activity test) evidenced that nanogels were nontoxic in the investigated concentration range (i.e., 0.1 to 400 μg/mL) and that no specific interaction with bovine serum albumin was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Legros
- Université de Bordeaux , UMR5629, ENSCPB, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Krishnamoorthy M, Hakobyan S, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE. Surface-initiated polymer brushes in the biomedical field: applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10976-1026. [PMID: 25353708 DOI: 10.1021/cr500252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahentha Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Bioengineering and ‡School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Yu K, Mei Y, Hadjesfandiari N, Kizhakkedathu JN. Engineering biomaterials surfaces to modulate the host response. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:69-79. [PMID: 25193153 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Undesirable host response is responsible for the surface induced thrombus generation, activation of the complement system and the inflammatory reactions by the blood-contacting biomaterials. The surface interaction of biomaterials with different blood components is thought to be the critical factor that dictates the host response to biomaterials. Surface engineering can be utilized as a method to enhance the biocompatibility and tailor the biological response to biomaterials. This review provides a brief account of various polymer brush based approaches used for biomaterials surface modification, both passive and bioactive, to make the material surfaces biocompatible and antibacterial. Initially we discuss the utilization of polymer brushes with different structure and chemistry as a novel strategy to design the surface non-fouling that passively prevent the subsequent biological responses. Further we explore the utility of different bioactive agents including peptides, carbohydrates and proteins which can be conjugated the polymer brush to make the surface actively interact with the body and modulate the host response. A number of such avenues have also been explored in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yan Mei
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Narges Hadjesfandiari
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6 T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|