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Niezabitowska E, Town AR, Sabagh B, Morales Moctezuma MD, Kearns VR, Spain SG, Rannard SP, McDonald TO. Insights into the internal structures of nanogels using a versatile asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation method. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4713-4721. [PMID: 36132924 PMCID: PMC9416902 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) nanogels are a highly researched type of colloidal material. In this work, we establish a versatile asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) method that can provide high resolution particle sizing and also structural information on nanogel samples from 65-310 nm in hydrodynamic diameter and so different chemical compositions. To achieve this online multi-angle light scattering and dynamic light scattering detectors were used to provide measurement of the radius of gyration (R g) and hydrodynamic radius (R h) respectively. Two different eluents and a range of cross-flows were evaluated in order to provide effective fractionation and high recovery for the different nanogel samples. We found that using 0.1 M NaNO3 as the eluent and an initial cross-flow of 1 mL min-1 provided optimal separation conditions for all samples tested. Using this method, we analysed two types of samples, pNIPAM nanogels prepared by free radical dispersion polymerisation with increasing diameters and analysed poly(acrylic acid)-b-pNIPAM crosslinked nanogels prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerisation. We could determine that the differently sized free radical nanogels possessed differing internal structures; shape factors (R g/R h) ranged from 0.58-0.73 and revealed that the smallest nanogel had a homogeneous internal crosslinking density, while the larger nanogels had a more densely crosslinked core compared to the shell. The poly(acrylic acid)-b-pNIPAM crosslinked nanogels displayed clear core-shell structures due to all the crosslinking being contained in the core of the nanogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Niezabitowska
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Oxford Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK +44 (0)151 795 0524
| | - Adam R Town
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Oxford Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK +44 (0)151 795 0524
| | - Bassem Sabagh
- Postnova Analytics UK Ltd Units 64-65, Malvern Hills Science Park Malvern Worcestershire WR14 3SZ UK
| | | | - Victoria R Kearns
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 8TX UK
| | - Sebastian G Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Oxford Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK +44 (0)151 795 0524
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Oxford Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK +44 (0)151 795 0524
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Islam MR, Nguy C, Pandit S, Lyon LA. Design and Synthesis of Core–Shell Microgels with One‐Step Clickable Crosslinked Cores and Ultralow Crosslinked Shells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molla R. Islam
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Chelsey Nguy
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Sanika Pandit
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Louis Andrew Lyon
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
- Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
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53
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Caldwell AS, Aguado BA, Anseth KS. Designing Microgels for Cell Culture and Controlled Assembly of Tissue Microenvironments. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1907670. [PMID: 33841061 PMCID: PMC8026140 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201907670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Micron-sized hydrogels, termed microgels, are emerging as multifunctional platforms that can recapitulate tissue heterogeneity in engineered cell microenvironments. The microgels can function as either individual cell culture units or can be assembled into larger scaffolds. In this manner, individual microgels can be customized for single or multi-cell co-culture applications, or heterogeneous populations can be used as building blocks to create microporous assembled scaffolds that more closely mimic tissue heterogeneities. The inherent versatility of these materials allows user-defined control of the microenvironments, from the order of singly encapsulated cells to entire three-dimensional cell scaffolds. These hydrogel scaffolds are promising for moving towards personalized medicine approaches and recapitulating the multifaceted microenvironments that exist in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Caldwell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, USA, 80303
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado – Boulder, USA, 80303
| | - Brian A. Aguado
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, USA, 80303
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado – Boulder, USA, 80303
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, USA, 80303
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado – Boulder, USA, 80303
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Scheffold F. Pathways and challenges towards a complete characterization of microgels. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4315. [PMID: 32887886 PMCID: PMC7473851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their controlled size, sensitivity to external stimuli, and ease-of-use, microgel colloids are unique building blocks for soft materials made by crosslinking polymers on the micrometer scale. Despite the plethora of work published, many questions about their internal structure, interactions, and phase behavior are still open. The reasons for this lack of understanding are the challenges arising from the small size of the microgel particles, complex pairwise interactions, and their solvent permeability. Here we describe pathways toward a complete understanding of microgel colloids based on recent experimental advances in nanoscale characterization, such as super-resolution microscopy, scattering methods, and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Scheffold
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Qureshi UF, Rasool MF, Ranjha NM, Majeed A. Development and evaluation of stimulus-sensitive microgels for controlled drug delivery. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The novelty of the present work was focused on the synthesis of pH- and temperature-responsive cross-linked poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (p(MAA-co-AM)) microgels for controlled drug delivery. A series of cross-linked microgels was successfully prepared by inverse-suspension polymerization using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent and potassium persulfate as an initiator. The swelling of the microgels was investigated as a function of pH (2.1 and 7.4) and temperature (20–50°C). The prepared microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis and drug-release behavior analysis. FTIR and thermal studies confirmed the formation of a new cross-linked p(MAA-co-AM) polymer. SEM revealed that the microgels were made of spherical, slightly rough and cross-linked particles. To study the controlled-drug-release behavior of microgels, captopril was successfully loaded as a model drug by using an in situ method. The maximum in vitro drug release was up to 96 and 55% at pH 7.4 and 2.1, respectively. All formulations showed pH-dependent drug release following the Higuchi model of drug-release mechanism. In light of the results obtained from the study, it was concluded that p(MAA-co-AM) microgels have potential applications in release of drugs in a controlled manner with respect to pH and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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57
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Sharma B, Striegler S. Nonionic Surfactant Blends to Control the Size of Microgels and Their Catalytic Performance during Glycoside Hydrolyses. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babloo Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 345 North Campus Drive, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Susanne Striegler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 345 North Campus Drive, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Jones CD, Lewis AR, Jones DR, Ottley CJ, Liu K, Steed JW. Lilypad aggregation: localised self-assembly and metal sequestration at a liquid-vapour interface. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7501-7510. [PMID: 34123033 PMCID: PMC8159346 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially resolved soft materials, such as vesicles and microgels, have shown promise as selective adsorbents and microscale reaction vessels. However, spatiotemporal control of aggregation can be difficult to achieve. In this study, nickel(ii) chloride and a dipyridyl oligo(urea) ligand were combined in a vapour-diffusion setup to produce a localised spheroidal aggregate at the liquid-vapour interface. This aggregate forms via the self-assembly and fusion of monodisperse colloids and grows until its weight is no longer counterbalanced by surface tension. A simple physical model reveals that this process, termed lilypad aggregation, is possible only for surface energies that favour neither bulk aggregation nor the growth of an interfacial film. These surface energies dictate the final size and shape of the aggregate and may be estimated through visual monitoring of its changing morphology. Lilypad aggregates sequester metal from the surrounding sol and can be collected manually from the surface of the liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aled R Lewis
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), College of Engineering, University of Swansea Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - Daniel R Jones
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), College of Engineering, University of Swansea Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | | | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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Kim S, Yim SG, Chandrasekharan A, Seong KY, Lee TW, Kim B, Kim K, Choi S, Yang SY. On-site fabrication of injectable 131I-labeled microgels for local radiotherapy. J Control Release 2020; 322:337-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Switacz VK, Wypysek SK, Degen R, Crassous JJ, Spehr M, Richtering W. Influence of Size and Cross-Linking Density of Microgels on Cellular Uptake and Uptake Kinetics. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4532-4544. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K. Switacz
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah K. Wypysek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Degen
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jérôme J. Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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61
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Bushuev NV, Gumerov RA, Bochenek S, Pich A, Richtering W, Potemkin II. Compression and Ordering of Microgels in Monolayers Formed at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: Computer Simulation Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19903-19915. [PMID: 32248678 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of polymer microgels adsorbed at the liquid interfaces were studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. The results demonstrated that the compressibility of the monolayers can be widely tuned by varying the cross-linking density of the microgels and their (in)compatibility with the immiscible liquids. In particular, the compression of the monolayers (increase of 2D concentration of the microgels) leads to the decrease of their lateral size. Herewith, the shape of the individual soft particles gradually changes from oblate (diluted 2D system) to nearly spherical (compressed monolayer). The polymer concentration profiles plotted along the normal to the interface reveal a nonmonotonous shape with a sharp maximum at the interface. This is a consequence of the shielding effect: saturation of the interface by monomer units of the subchains is driven by minimization of unfavorable contacts between the immiscible liquids and is opposed by elasticity of the network. The decrease of the interfacial tension upon concentration (compression) of the monolayer is quantified. It has been demonstrated that the interfacial tension significantly differs if the solubility of the polymer chains of the microgel network in the liquids changes. These results correlate well with experimental data. The examination of the microgels' crystalline ordering in monolayers demonstrated a nonmonotonous dependency on the compression degree (microgel concentration). Finally, the worsening of the solvent quality leads to the collapse of the microgels in monolayer and nonmonotonous behavior of the interfacial tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Bushuev
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Rustam A Gumerov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Steffen Bochenek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen 6167 RD, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52056, Germany
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
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62
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Yin Y, Hu B, Yuan X, Cai L, Gao H, Yang Q. Nanogel: A Versatile Nano-Delivery System for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E290. [PMID: 32210184 PMCID: PMC7151186 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogel-based nanoplatforms have become a tremendously promising system of drug delivery. Nanogels constructed by chemical crosslinking or physical self-assembly exhibit the ability to encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic therapeutics, including but not limited to small-molecule compounds and proteins, DNA/RNA sequences, and even ultrasmall nanoparticles, within their 3D polymer network. The nanosized nature of the carriers endows them with a specific surface area and inner space, increasing the stability of loaded drugs and prolonging their circulation time. Reactions or the cleavage of chemical bonds in the structure of drug-loaded nanogels have been shown to trigger the controlled or sustained drug release. Through the design of specific chemical structures and different methods of production, nanogels can realize diverse responsiveness (temperature-sensitive, pH-sensitive and redox-sensitive), and enable the stimuli-responsive release of drugs in the microenvironments of various diseases. To improve therapeutic outcomes and increase the precision of therapy, nanogels can be modified by specific ligands to achieve active targeting and enhance the drug accumulation in disease sites. Moreover, the biomembrane-camouflaged nanogels exhibit additional intelligent targeted delivery features. Consequently, the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, as well as the combinational therapy strategy, result in the improved efficacy of disease treatments, though the introduction of a multifunctional nanogel-based drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (Y.Y.); (B.H.)
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (X.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Ben Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (Y.Y.); (B.H.)
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (X.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Xiao Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (X.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Li Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (X.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research, Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (Y.Y.); (B.H.)
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (X.Y.); (L.C.)
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63
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Chen B, Dai Z. Combination of versatile platforms for the development of synthetic biology. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-020-0197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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64
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Gumerov RA, Gau E, Xu W, Melle A, Filippov SA, Sorokina AS, Wolter NA, Pich A, Potemkin II. Amphiphilic PVCL/TBCHA microgels: From synthesis to characterization in a highly selective solvent. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 564:344-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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65
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Deswelling studies of pH and temperature-sensitive ultra-low cross-linked microgels with cross-linked cores. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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66
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Sarfraz RM, Khan MU, Mahmood A, Akram MR, Minhas MU, QAISAR MN, ALI MR, Ahmad H, Zaman M. Synthesis of co-polymeric network of carbopol-g-methacrylic acid nanogels drug carrier system for gastro-protective delivery of ketoprofen and its evaluation. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1719148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - Hasnain Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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67
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Dual physically and chemically cross-linked polyelectrolyte nanohydrogels: Compositional and pH-dependent behavior studies. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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68
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Doña M, Ortega-Rodriguez A, Alarcón-Fernández C, López-Romero JM, Contreras-Cáceres R. Effect of the cross-linking density on the gold core oxidation in hybrid core@shell Au@pNIPAM and Janus Au@p4VP systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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He N, Chen X, Wen J, Cao Q, Li Y, Wang L. Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen-Modulated Shape Transformation of Chitosan-Based Composite Nanogels. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21018-21026. [PMID: 31867493 PMCID: PMC6921259 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan/poly[N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)methacrylamide]/poly(acrylic acid) (CS/PDMAPMA/PAA) composite nanogels (CPACNGs) were fabricated in the solution of chitosan by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)methacrylamide (DMAPMA) and acrylic acid (AA) were initiated by 2,2'-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide to graft from the backbone of chitosan. Nanogels were formed by noncovalent forces, including of hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interaction. Nanogels were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer spectra, and 1H NMR. Spherical nanoparticles were observed in the latex system. Nanogels exhibited an excellent CO2 responsivity and CO2/N2 reversible response and switchability and had a faster response rate. The morphological shape transformation of nanogels was modulated by bubbling with CO2 and N2. The responsive mechanism was explored by determining the pH and electrical conductivity. In addition, nanogels were successfully emulsified by bubbling with CO2, and then a phase transition was achieved by bubbling with N2 in the organic solvent/water mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naipu He
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xiunan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Qi Cao
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Li
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
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How small can poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanogels be prepared by controlling the size with surfactant? J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 557:793-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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71
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Ashrafizadeh M, Tam KC, Javadi A, Abdollahi M, Sadeghnejad S, Bahramian A. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of dual-responsive acrylic acid/butyl acrylate cross-linked nanogel systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:313-323. [PMID: 31454623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A cross-linked amphiphilic nanogel containing a high mole% of hydrophilic pH-responsive moiety can provide enhanced functionality regarding stimuli-responsiveness, water-dispersibility, hydrophobic substance loading, and structural stability under harsh environmental conditions. These nanogels could be synthesized using a one-pot procedure for large-scale applications. Moreover, the interplay of various interaction forces in these colloidal systems is being investigated. EXPERIMENTS Model nanogels consisting of acrylic acid-butyl acrylate-ethylene glycoldimethacrylate were synthesized using an emulsion copolymerization via a seeded semi-batch process under an acidic condition. The structures were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and potentiometric-conductometric titrations. Zeta potential, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the dispersion stability, size distribution, and structural distribution, respectively. Their stimuli-responsive behavior was studied by combining static and dynamic light scattering and titration analyses. FINDINGS Monodisperse nanospheres of approximately 150 nm were successfully prepared by implementing a one-pot practical pathway. These nanogels displayed a dual thermo- and pH-responsive behavior, reflecting the high efficiency of physical cross-linking make it ideal for drug delivery and oil industry applications. Moreover, a novel symmetric pH-activated morphology transformation behavior was revealed. Accordingly, a compositional distribution was proposed and assessed by exploring the polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 11155/4563 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Aliyar Javadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 11155/4563 Tehran, Iran; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam/Golm, Germany.
| | - Mahdi Abdollahi
- Department of Polymer Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-114 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Sadeghnejad
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-114 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Bahramian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 11155/4563 Tehran, Iran.
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Etchenausia L, Villar-Alvarez E, Forcada J, Save M, Taboada P. Evaluation of cationic core-shell thermoresponsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-based microgels as potential drug delivery nanocarriers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109871. [PMID: 31499979 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the potentiality of poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) (PVCL)-based thermoresponsive microgels decorated with cationic polymer brushes as drug delivery carriers. The effect of physico-chemical features of the colloids on cell viability response have to be carefully investigated to establish the range of suitable hydrodynamic diameters, crosslinking densities, lengths and ratios of the cationic polyelectrolyte shell which allow their efficient and effective use for cargo loading, transport and delivery. The colloidal stability of all cationic thermoresponsive microgels is maintained over several days of incubation at 37 °C in biological mimicking medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum). The thin cationic polymer shell covalently anchored does not hinder the all range of microgels to be biocompatible while the higher cytotoxicity of the doxorubicin-loaded microgels on HeLa cells proves their anti-tumor activity. The core-shell PVCL drug delivery nanocarriers allow a sustained release of doxorubicin with a slightly higher viability of HeLa cells incubated in the presence of DOXO-loaded microgels compared to the free DOXO. The nature of the endocytosis pathway is investigated through a quantification of the extent of the cellular survival rate in the presence of various cellular uptake inhibitors. A clathrin-dependent internalization was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Etchenausia
- CNRS, University Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM, UMR5254, 64000 Pau, France; Bionanoparticles Group, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eva Villar-Alvarez
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, 15782 Campus Sur, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Forcada
- Bionanoparticles Group, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maud Save
- CNRS, University Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM, UMR5254, 64000 Pau, France.
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, 15782 Campus Sur, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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73
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Nigro V, Ripanti F, Angelini R, Sarra A, Bertoldo M, Buratti E, Postorino P, Ruzicka B. Molecular mechanisms driving the microgels behaviour: A Raman spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering study. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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74
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Korde JM, Kandasubramanian B. Fundamentals and Effects of Biomimicking Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Engineering Functions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay M. Korde
- Biocomposite Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Biocomposite Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
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75
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Karg M, Pich A, Hellweg T, Hoare T, Lyon LA, Crassous JJ, Suzuki D, Gumerov RA, Schneider S, Potemkin II, Richtering W. Nanogels and Microgels: From Model Colloids to Applications, Recent Developments, and Future Trends. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6231-6255. [PMID: 30998365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels and microgels are soft, deformable, and penetrable objects with an internal gel-like structure that is swollen by the dispersing solvent. Their softness and the potential to respond to external stimuli like temperature, pressure, pH, ionic strength, and different analytes make them interesting as soft model systems in fundamental research as well as for a broad range of applications, in particular in the field of biological applications. Recent tremendous developments in their synthesis open access to systems with complex architectures and compositions allowing for tailoring microgels with specific properties. At the same time state-of-the-art theoretical and simulation approaches offer deeper understanding of the behavior and structure of nano- and microgels under external influences and confinement at interfaces or at high volume fractions. Developments in the experimental analysis of nano- and microgels have become particularly important for structural investigations covering a broad range of length scales relevant to the internal structure, the overall size and shape, and interparticle interactions in concentrated samples. Here we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art, recent developments as well as emerging trends in the field of nano- and microgels. The following aspects build the focus of our discussion: tailoring (multi)functionality through synthesis; the role in biological and biomedical applications; the structure and properties as a model system, e.g., for densely packed arrangements in bulk and at interfaces; as well as the theory and computer simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Karg
- Physical Chemistry I , Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf , 40204 Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry , Bielefeld University , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- Schmid College of Science and Technology , Chapman University , Orange , California 92866 , United States
| | - J J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | | | - Rustam A Gumerov
- DWI-Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Stefanie Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- DWI-Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- National Research South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk 454080 , Russian Federation
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
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76
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Islam MR, Tumbarello M, Lyon LA. Deswelling Induced Morphological Changes in Dual pH and Temperature Responsive Ultra-Low Crosslinked Poly ( N-isopropyl acrylamide)- co-Acrylic Acid Microgels. Colloid Polym Sci 2019; 297:667-676. [PMID: 34103784 PMCID: PMC8184102 DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels prepared without exogenous crosslinker are extremely "soft" as a result of their very low crosslinking density, with network connectivity arising only from the self-crosslinking of pNIPAm chains. As a result of this extreme softness, our group and others have taken interest in using these materials in a variety of bioengineering applications, while also pursuing studies of their fundamental properties. Here, we report deswelling triggered structural changes in poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (ULC10AAc) microgels prepared by precipitation polymerization. Dynamic light scattering suggests that the deswelling of these particles not only depends on the collapse of the pNIPAm chains but is also influenced by the ionization state of the acrylic acid moieties present in the copolymer. The ULC10AAc microgel behaves like a traditional crosslinked pNIPAm microgel at pH 3.5, showing a sharp decrease in the hydrodynamic diameter around the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of pNIPAm. As the pH is increased to 4.5 we observe multiple transitions in the deswelling curve, suggesting inhomogeneity in the structure and/or composition of the microgels. At pH 6.5 the microgels cease to be thermoresponsive over the studied temperature range due to increased charge repulsion between the fully deprotonated AAc groups and an increase in gel osmotic pressure due to solvated counterion ingress. Atomic force microscopy images of particles deposited at different temperatures reveal a temperature induced morphological change, with punctate structures forming inside microgels at pH 4.5 and 6.5 and temperature above the gel volume phase transition temperature (VPTT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla R. Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866
| | - Maddie Tumbarello
- Department of Chemistry, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866
| | - L. Andrew Lyon
- Department of Chemistry, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866
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77
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Brosel-Oliu S, Mergel O, Uria N, Abramova N, van Rijn P, Bratov A. 3D impedimetric sensors as a tool for monitoring bacterial response to antibiotics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1436-1447. [PMID: 30882115 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antimicrobial contaminants like antibiotics in the environment is a major concern because they promote the emergence and the spread of multidrug resistant bacteria. Since the conventional systems for the determination of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics rely on culturing methods that require long processing times, the implementation of novel strategies is highly required for fast and point-of-care applications. Here the development and characterization of a novel label-free biosensing platform based on a microbial biosensor approach to perform antibiotic detection bioassays in diluted solution is presented. The microbial biosensor is based on a three-dimensional interdigitated electrode array (3D-IDEA) impedimetric transducer with immobilized E. coli bacteria. In 3D-IDEA to increase the sensitivity to superficial impedance changes the electrode digits are separated by insulating barriers. A novel strategy is employed to selectively immobilize bacteria in the spaces over the electrode digits between the barriers, referred to here as trenches, in order to concentrate bacteria, improve the reproducibility of the E. coli immobilization and increase the sensitivity for monitoring bacterial response. For effective attachment of bacteria within the trenches an initial anchoring layer of a highly charged polycation, polyethyleneimine (PEI), was used. To facilitate immobilization of bacteria within the trenches and prevent their deposition on top of the barriers an important novelty is the use of poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) p(NIPMAM) microgels working as antifouling agents, deposited on top of the barriers by microcontact printing. The reported microbial biosensor approach allows the bacterial response to ampicillin, a bacteriolytic antibiotic, to be registered by means of impedance variations in a rapid and label-free operation that enables new possibilities in bioassays for toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brosel-Oliu
- BioMEMS Group, Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - O Mergel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40A, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Uria
- BioMEMS Group, Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - N Abramova
- BioMEMS Group, Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. and Lab. Artificial Sensors Syst., ITMO University, Kronverskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40A, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Bratov
- BioMEMS Group, Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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78
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Xu W, Rudov AA, Schroeder R, Portnov IV, Richtering W, Potemkin II, Pich A. Distribution of Ionizable Groups in Polyampholyte Microgels Controls Interactions with Captured Proteins: From Blockade and "Levitation" to Accelerated Release. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1578-1591. [PMID: 30822384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A striking discovery in our work is that the distribution of ionizable groups in polyampholyte microgels (random and core-shell) controls the interactions with the captured proteins. Polyampholyte microgels are capable to switch reversibly their charges from positive to negative depending on pH. In this work, we synthesized differently structured polyampholyte microgels with controlled amounts and different distribution of acidic and basic moieties as colloidal carriers to study the loading and release of the model protein cytochrome c (cyt-c). Polyampholyte microgels were first loaded with cyt-c using the electrostatic attraction under pH 8 when the microgels were oppositely charged with respect to the protein. Then the protein release was investigated under different pH (3, 6, and 8) both with experimental methods and molecular dynamics simulations. For microgels with a random distribution of ionizable groups complete and accelerated (compared to polyelectrolyte counterpart) release of cyt-c was observed due to electrostatic repulsive interactions. For core-shell structured microgels with defined ionizable groups, it was possible to entrap the protein inside the neutral core through the formation of a positively charged shell, which acts as an electrostatic potential barrier. We postulate that this discovery allows the design of functional colloidal carriers with programmed release kinetics for applications in drug delivery, catalysis, and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xu
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Andrey A Rudov
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany.,Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , GSP-1, 1-2 Leninskiye Gory 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Ricarda Schroeder
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Ivan V Portnov
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , GSP-1, 1-2 Leninskiye Gory 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany.,Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , GSP-1, 1-2 Leninskiye Gory 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation.,National Research South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk 454080 , Russian Federation
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany.,Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University , Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan22 , 6167 RD Geleen , The Netherlands
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79
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Nigro V, Angelini R, Rosi B, Bertoldo M, Buratti E, Casciardi S, Sennato S, Ruzicka B. Study of network composition in interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(N isopropylacrylamide) microgels: The role of poly(acrylic acid). J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 545:210-219. [PMID: 30889412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The peculiar swelling behaviour of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)4-based responsive microgels provides the possibility to tune both softness and volume fraction with temperature, making these systems of great interest for technological applications and theoretical implications. Their intriguing phase diagram can be even more complex if poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc)5 is interpenetrated within PNIPAM network to form Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN)6 microgels that exhibit an additional pH-sensitivity. The effect of the PAAc/PNIPAM polymeric ratio on both swelling capability and dynamics is still matter of investigation. EXPERIMENTS Here we investigate the role of PAAc in the behaviour of IPN microgels across the volume phase transition through dynamic light scattering (DLS),7 transmission electron microscopy (TEM)8 and electrophoretic measurements as a function of microgel concentration and pH. FINDINGS Our results highlight that aggregation is favored at increasing weight concentration, PAAc content and pH and that a crossover PAAc content CPAAc∗9 exists above which the ionic charges on the microgel become relevant. Moreover we show that the softness of IPN microgels can be tuned ad hoc by changing the PAAc/PNIPAM ratio. These findings provide new insights into the possibility to control experimentally aggregation properties, charge and softness of IPN microgels by varying PAAc content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nigro
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Angelini
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Rosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Area della Ricerca, Via G.Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Buratti
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Area della Ricerca, Via G.Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Casciardi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institution for Insurance Against Accidents at Work (INAIL Research), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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80
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Dai Z, Huang S. Functional Dynamics Inside Nano- or Microscale Bio-Hybrid Systems. Front Chem 2018; 6:621. [PMID: 30619829 PMCID: PMC6305405 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft nano- or microgels made by natural or synthetic polymers have been investigated intensively because of their board applications. Due to their porosity and biocompatibility, nano- or microgels can be integrated with various biologics to form a bio-hybrid system. They can support living cells as a scaffold; entrap bioactive molecules as a drug carrier or encapsulate microorganisms as a semi-permeable membrane. Especially, researchers have created various modes of functional dynamics into these bio-hybrid systems. From one side, the encapsulating materials can respond to the external stimulus and release the cargo. From the other side, cells can respond to physical, or chemical properties of the matrix and differentiate into a specific cell type. With recent advancements of synthetic biology, cells can be further programed to respond to certain signals, and express therapeutics or other functional proteins for various purposes. Thus, the integration of nano- or microgels and programed cells becomes a potential candidate in applications spanning from biotechnology to new medicines. This brief review will first talk about several nano- or microgels systems fabricated by natural or synthetic polymers, and further discuss their applications when integrated with various types of biologics. In particular, we will concentrate on the dynamics embedded in these bio-hybrid systems, to dissect their designs and sophisticated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Dai
- Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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81
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Agrawal G, Agrawal R. Functional Microgels: Recent Advances in Their Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801724. [PMID: 30035853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, a spotlight is shown on aqueous microgel particles which exhibit a great potential for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, cell imaging, and tissue engineering. Herein, different synthetic methods to develop microgels with desirable functionality and properties along with degradable strategies to ensure their renal clearance are briefly presented. A special focus is given on the ability of microgels to respond to various stimuli such as temperature, pH, redox potential, magnetic field, light, etc., which helps not only to adjust their physical and chemical properties, and degradability on demand, but also the release of encapsulated bioactive molecules and thus making them suitable for drug delivery. Furthermore, recent developments in using the functional microgels for cell imaging and tissue regeneration are reviewed. The results reviewed here encourage the development of a new class of microgels which are able to intelligently perform in a complex biological environment. Finally, various challenges and possibilities are discussed in order to achieve their successful clinical use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agrawal
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Paper Mill Road, Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA
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83
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Keidel R, Ghavami A, Lugo DM, Lotze G, Virtanen O, Beumers P, Pedersen JS, Bardow A, Winkler RG, Richtering W. Time-resolved structural evolution during the collapse of responsive hydrogels: The microgel-to-particle transition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao7086. [PMID: 29740608 PMCID: PMC5938240 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive hydrogels, often termed smart materials, are macromolecules whose structure adjusts to external stimuli. Responsive micro- and nanogels are particularly interesting because the small length scale enables very fast response times. Chemical cross-links provide topological constraints and define the three-dimensional structure of the microgels, whereas their porous structure permits fast mass transfer, enabling very rapid structural adaption of the microgel to the environment. The change of microgel structure involves a unique transition from a flexible, swollen finite-size macromolecular network, characterized by a fuzzy surface, to a colloidal particle with homogeneous density and a sharp surface. In this contribution, we determine, for the first time, the structural evolution during the microgel-to-particle transition. Time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering experiments and computer simulations unambiguously reveal a two-stage process: In a first, very fast process, collapsed clusters form at the periphery, leading to an intermediate, hollowish core-shell structure that slowly transforms to a globule. This structural evolution is independent of the type of stimulus and thus applies to instantaneous transitions as in a temperature jump or to slower stimuli that rely on the uptake of active molecules from and/or exchange with the environment. The fast transitions of size and shape provide unique opportunities for various applications as, for example, in uptake and release, catalysis, or sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Keidel
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Schinkelstrasse 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali Ghavami
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dersy M. Lugo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Lotze
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), ID02–Time-Resolved Ultra Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Otto Virtanen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Beumers
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Schinkelstrasse 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andre Bardow
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Schinkelstrasse 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Energy Systems Engineering (IEK-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland G. Winkler
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Corresponding author. (W.R.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- DWI–Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
- Corresponding author. (W.R.); (R.G.W.)
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84
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Etchenausia L, Deniau E, Brûlet A, Forcada J, Save M. Cationic Thermoresponsive Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Microgels Synthesized by Emulsion Polymerization Using a Reactive Cationic Macro-RAFT Agent. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Etchenausia
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM, UMR5254, CNRS, University Pau & Pays Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elise Deniau
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM, UMR5254, CNRS, University Pau & Pays Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Annie Brûlet
- CEA CNRS CEA Saclay, UMR12, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Jacqueline Forcada
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maud Save
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM, UMR5254, CNRS, University Pau & Pays Adour, 64000 Pau, France
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85
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Gregoritza M, Abstiens K, Graf M, Goepferich AM. Fabrication of antibody-loaded microgels using microfluidics and thiol-ene photoclick chemistry. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:194-203. [PMID: 29471077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reducing burst effects, providing controlled release, and safeguarding biologics against degradation are a few of several highly attractive applications for microgels in the field of controlled release. However, the incorporation of proteins into microgels without impairing stability is highly challenging. In this proof of concept study, the combination of microfluidics and thiol-ene photoclick chemistry was evaluated for the fabrication of antibody-loaded microgels with narrow size distribution. Norbornene-modified eight-armed poly(ethylene glycol) with an average molecular mass of 10,000 Da, 20,000 Da, or 40,000 Da were prepared as macromonomers for microgel formation. For functionalization, either hydrolytically cleavable ester or stable amide bonds were used. A microfluidic system was employed to generate precursor solution droplets containing macromonomers, the cross-linker dithiothreitol and the initiator Eosin-Y. Irradiation with visible light was used to trigger thiol-ene reactions which covalently cross-linked the droplets. For all bond-types, molecular masses, and concentrations gelation was very rapid (<20 s) and a plateau for the complex shear modulus was reached after only 5 min. The generated microgels had a rod-like shape and did not show considerable cellular toxicity. Stress conditions during the fabrication process were simulated and it could be shown that fabrication did not impair the activity of the model proteins lysozyme and bevacizumab. It was confirmed that the average hydrogel network mesh size was similar or smaller than the hydrodynamic diameter of bevacizumab which is a crucial factor for restricting diffusion and delaying release. Finally, microgels were loaded with bevacizumab and a sustained release over a period of 30 ± 4 and 47 ± 7 days could be achieved in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gregoritza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Abstiens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim M Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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86
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Kureha T, Suzuki D. Nanocomposite Microgels for the Selective Separation of Halogen Compounds from Aqueous Solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:837-846. [PMID: 28618227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite microgels that selectively adsorb and release halogen compounds were developed. These nanocomposite microgels consist of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (pMEA) and a poly(oligo ethylene glycol methacrylate) hydrogel matrix. Therefore, the methoxy groups of the former are crucial for the halogen bonding, while the presence of the latter adds colloidal stability and allows controlled uptake/release of the halogen compounds. Such nanocomposite microgels may not only be used as dispersed carriers, but also in films and columnar formations. Thus, these unprecedented polymer/polymer nanocomposite microgels resolve a variety of problems associated with, e.g., the removal of halogen compounds from wastewater, or with the delivery of halogen-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kureha
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
- Division of Smart Textiles, Institute for Fiber Engineering, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University , 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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87
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Inoue T, Norisuye T, Sugita K, Nakanishi H, Tran-Cong-Miyata Q. Size distribution and elastic properties of thermo-responsive polymer gel microparticles in suspension probed by ultrasonic spectroscopy. ULTRASONICS 2018; 82:31-38. [PMID: 28738253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The size distribution and the elasticity of thermo-responsive gel particles dispersed in water were examined in-situ by ultrasonic spectroscopy (US). Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gel particles, undergoing volume phase transition at 34°C were synthesized by redox polymerization in emulsion, and the temperature dependence of the acoustic properties was examined. The longitudinal velocity and the attenuation coefficient of particle exhibited a drastic change at the transition temperature, indicating the increase in the mechanical properties, such the longitudinal, bulk and shear moduli, due to the shrinkage of particles upon temperature stimulation. The shear modulus of monodisperse particles, and also the stiffness of the gel particles were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Norisuye
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Sugita
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Qui Tran-Cong-Miyata
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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88
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Giulbudagian M, Hönzke S, Bergueiro J, Işık D, Schumacher F, Saeidpour S, Lohan SB, Meinke MC, Teutloff C, Schäfer-Korting M, Yealland G, Kleuser B, Hedtrich S, Calderón M. Enhanced topical delivery of dexamethasone by β-cyclodextrin decorated thermoresponsive nanogels. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:469-479. [PMID: 29227500 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly hydrophilic, responsive nanogels are attractive as potential systems for the topical delivery of bioactives encapsulated in their three-dimensional polymeric scaffold. Yet, these drug carrier systems suffer from drawbacks for efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Addressing this, β-cyclodextrin (βCD) could be successfully introduced into the drug carrier systems by exploiting its unique affinity toward dexamethasone (DXM) as well as its role as topical penetration enhancer. The properties of βCD could be combined with those of thermoresponsive nanogels (tNGs) based on dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) as a crosslinker and linear thermoresponsive polyglycerol (tPG) inducing responsiveness to temperature changes. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies localized the drug within the hydrophobic cavity of βCD by differences in its mobility and environmental polarity. In fact, the fabricated carriers combining a particulate delivery system with a conventional penetration enhancer, resulted in an efficient delivery of DXM to the epidermis and the dermis of human skin ex vivo (enhancement compared to commercial DXM cream: ∼2.5 fold in epidermis, ∼30 fold in dermis). Furthermore, DXM encapsulated in βCD tNGs applied to skin equivalents downregulated the expression of proinflammatory thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and outperformed a commercially available DXM cream.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giulbudagian
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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89
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Nigro V, Angelini R, Bertoldo M, Ruzicka B. Swelling of responsive-microgels: experiments versus models. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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90
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Li S, Xia Y, Qiu Y, Chen X, Shi S. Preparation and property of starch nanoparticles reinforced aldehyde-hydrazide covalently crosslinked PNIPAM hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yuzheng Xia
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaonong Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Shuxian Shi
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029 China
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91
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Cazares-Cortes E, Espinosa A, Guigner JM, Michel A, Griffete N, Wilhelm C, Ménager C. Doxorubicin Intracellular Remote Release from Biocompatible Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate-Based Magnetic Nanogels Triggered by Magnetic Hyperthermia. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25775-25788. [PMID: 28723064 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanogels, composed of thermoresponsive polymers and superparamagnetic nanoparticles, are attractive nanocarriers for biomedical applications, being able-as a polymer matrix-to uptake and release high quantities of chemotherapeutic agents and-as magnetic nanoparticles-to be heated when exposed to an alternative magnetic field (AMF), better known as magnetic hyperthermia. Herein, biocompatible, pH-responsive, magnetoresponsive, and thermoresponsive nanogels, based on oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate monomers and a methacrylic acid comonomer were prepared by conventional precipitation radical copolymerization in water, post-assembled by complexation with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), and loaded with an anticancer drug (doxorubicin, DOX), for remotely controlled drug release by a "hot spot", as an athermal magnetic hyperthermia strategy against cancer. These nanogels, denoted MagNanoGels, with a hydrodynamic diameter from 328 to 460 nm, as a function of the MNP content, have a swelling-deswelling behavior at their volume phase temperature transition around 47 °C in a physiological medium (pH 7.5), which is above the human body temperature (37 °C). Applying an alternative magnetic field increases the release of DOX by 2-fold, while no macroscopic heating was recorded. This enhanced drug release is due to a shrinking of the polymer network by local heating, as illustrated by the MagNanoGel size decrease under an AMF. In cancer cells, not only do the DOX-MagNanoGels internalize DOX more efficiently than free DOX, but also DOX intracellular release can be remotely triggered under an AMF, in athermal conditions, thus enhancing DOX cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cazares-Cortes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 , CNRS, UMR 8234, Laboratory PHENIX, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Université Paris Diderot , CNRS, UMR 7057, Laboratory MSC, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Jean-Michel Guigner
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 , CNRS, UMR 7590, Laboratory IMPMC, IRD, MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Aude Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 , CNRS, UMR 8234, Laboratory PHENIX, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nébéwia Griffete
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 , CNRS, UMR 8234, Laboratory PHENIX, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Université Paris Diderot , CNRS, UMR 7057, Laboratory MSC, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Christine Ménager
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 , CNRS, UMR 8234, Laboratory PHENIX, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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92
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Gao Y, Wei M, Li X, Xu W, Ahiabu A, Perdiz J, Liu Z, Serpe MJ. Stimuli-responsive polymers: Fundamental considerations and applications. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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93
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Mu M, Yin H, Feng Y. CO 2 -responsive polyacrylamide microspheres with interpenetrating networks. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 497:249-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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94
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Controlled release of fragrance with cross-linked polymers: synthesis and hydrolytic property of cross-linked amphiphilic copolymers bearing octanal-derived acetal moieties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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95
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Serrano-Medina A, Oroz-Parra I, Gomez-Resendiz VE, Licea-Navarro A, Licea-Claverie A, Cornejo-Bravo JM. Temperature- and pH-sensitive core–shell nanogels as efficient carriers of doxorubicin with potential application in lung cancer treatment. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1297938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aracely Serrano-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Irasema Oroz-Parra
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Victor E. Gomez-Resendiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Alexei Licea-Navarro
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Angel Licea-Claverie
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Jose M. Cornejo-Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
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96
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Abstract
Responsive polymer-based materials are capable of altering their chemical and/or physical properties upon exposure to external stimuli. This review highlights their use for sensing and biosensing, drug delivery, and artificial muscles/actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglian Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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97
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Etchenausia L, Khoukh A, Deniau Lejeune E, Save M. RAFT/MADIX emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and N-vinylcaprolactam: towards waterborne physically crosslinked thermoresponsive particles. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical emulsion polymerization as a tool to synthesize thermoresponsive PVCL-based amphiphilic copolymer particles crosslinked by supramolecular hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Etchenausia
- CNRS
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux
- IPREM
- UMR5254
| | - Abdel Khoukh
- CNRS
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux
- IPREM
- UMR5254
| | - Elise Deniau Lejeune
- CNRS
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux
- IPREM
- UMR5254
| | - Maud Save
- CNRS
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux
- IPREM
- UMR5254
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98
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Rancan F, Giulbudagian M, Jurisch J, Blume-Peytavi U, Calderón M, Vogt A. Drug delivery across intact and disrupted skin barrier: Identification of cell populations interacting with penetrated thermoresponsive nanogels. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 116:4-11. [PMID: 27865989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscaled soft particles, such as nanogels, can be designed to incorporate different types of compounds and release them in a controlled and triggered manner. Thermoresponsive nanogels (tNG), releasing their cargo above a defined temperature, are promising carrier systems for inflammatory skin diseases, where the temperature of diseased skin differs from that of healthy skin areas. In this study a polyglycerol-based tNG with diameter of 156nm was investigated for penetration and release properties upon topical application on ex vivo human skin with intact or disrupted barrier. Furthermore, temperature-triggered effects and the internalization of tNG by skin cells upon translocation to the viable skin layers were analyzed. The investigated tNG were tagged with indodicarbocyanine and loaded with fluorescein, so that fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry could be used to evaluate simultaneously particle penetration and release of the fluorochrome. Topically applied tNG penetrated into the SC of both intact and disrupted skin explants. Only in barrier-disrupted skin significant amounts of released fluorochrome and tNG penetrated in the epidermis and dermis 2h after topical application. When a thermal trigger was applied by infrared radiation (30s, 3.9mJ/cm2), a significantly higher penetration of tNG in the SC and release of the dye in the epidermis were detected with respect to non-triggered samples. Penetrated tNG particles were internalized by skin cells in both epidermis and dermis. Only few CD1a-positive Langerhans cells associated with tNG were found in the epidermis. However, in the dermis a significant percentage of cells associated with tNG were identified to be antigen presenting cells, i.e. HLA-DR+and CD206+cells. Thus, tNG represent promising carrier systems for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, not only because of their improved penetration and controlled release properties, but also because of their ability to effectively reach dermal dendritic cells in barrier-disrupted skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rancan
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Giulbudagian
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Jurisch
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - U Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Vogt
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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99
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Richtering W, Potemkin II, Rudov AA, Sellge G, Trautwein C. Could multiresponsive hollow shell–shell nanocontainers offer an improved strategy for drug delivery? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2879-2883. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrey A Rudov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Sellge
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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100
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Heida T, Neubauer JW, Seuss M, Hauck N, Thiele J, Fery A. Mechanically Defined Microgels by Droplet Microfluidics. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heida
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jens W. Neubauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Maximilian Seuss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Nicolas Hauck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz Research Cluster (LRC); Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Julian Thiele
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz Research Cluster (LRC); Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials; Technische Universität Dresden; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
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