51
|
Zhang YJ, Ma C, Feng Y, Cheng X, Song J. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of an Endangered orchid species Dendrobium bellatulum (Orchidaceae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2018; 3:233-234. [PMID: 33474127 PMCID: PMC7800090 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1437811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe is an Endangered orchid species that is distributed in the subtropical regions of Yunnan Province, China. It was listed in the category of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Here, we reported the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence and the cp genomic features of D. bellatulum. The genome was 152,107 bp long with 129 genes comprising 83 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNA genes, and 6 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of a data set of cp genomes indicated that D. bellatulum is clustered with other species in Dendrobium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiao Zhang
- Haiyuan College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Yunnan Science Research Institute of Communication & Transportation, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Yunnan Science Research Institute of Communication & Transportation, Kunming, China.,College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Haiyuan College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Song
- Haiyuan College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Golzar H, Yazdian F, Hashemi M, Omidi M, Mohammadrezaei D, Rashedi H, Farahani M, Ghasemi N, Shabani shayeh J, Tayebi L. Optimizing the hybrid nanostructure of functionalized reduced graphene oxide/silver for highly efficient cancer nanotherapy. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01764f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of Herceptin to the surface of an optimized rGO-PLL/AgNP nanohybrid to achieve an efficient targeted DDS against Her2 positive breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Golzar
- School of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering
- Faculty of New Science and Technologies
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hashemi
- Division of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmacy
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Meisam Omidi
- Protein Research Center
- Shahid Beheshti University
- GC
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Dorsa Mohammadrezaei
- School of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hamid Rashedi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Masoumeh Farahani
- Proteomics Research Center
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Nazanin Ghasemi
- Department of Immunology
- School of Medicine
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University, School of Dentistry
- Milwaukee
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhang W, Zhong Y, Cui H, Wang L, Yang R, Su Z, Xiang B, Wei Q. Combination of calcineurin B subunit (CnB) and 5-fluorouracil reverses 5-fluorouracil-induced immunosuppressive effect and enhances the antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6135-6142. [PMID: 29113258 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Five-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for digestive system tumors; however, continuous use of 5-FU may cause severe side effects, including myelosuppression and immunosuppression. Our previous study revealed that calcineurin B subunit (CnB), an innovative genetic engineering antitumor protein, possesses tumor-suppressive effects with low toxicity. CnB can bind to and activate integrin αM on macrophages, subsequently promoting the expression, and secretion of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, a specific proapoptotic cytokine. In the present study, whether the combined use of CnB and 5-FU can reverse the myelosuppression, and immunosuppressive effects of 5-FU by reactivating the immune system thus increasing antitumor efficacy, was investigated. It was demonstrated that combined treatment of 5-FU and CnB led to increased tumor-suppressive effects, as indicated by reduced tumor volume and weight when compared with 5-FU or CnB treatment alone in a hepatoma xenograph model. In addition, it was demonstrated that combined treatment inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells. Notably, the addition of CnB to 5-FU-based therapy completely reversed the immunosuppressive effect of 5-FU. The spleen index and total number of white blood cells in the combination group were higher compared with that of the 5-FU alone group. Furthermore, pathological examinations indicated that CnB attenuated 5-FU-induced organ damage. Based on these findings, it is proposed that CnB may serve as a novel and promising drug candidate for the improvement of 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Youxiu Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Deb A, R V. Natural and synthetic polymer for graphene oxide mediated anticancer drug delivery-A comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:2320-2333. [PMID: 29055699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two dimensional graphene and its derivatives have been a focus of scientific study due to its unique features which makes it suitable for biomedical applications. Herein a comparative study was carried out between chitosan polymerized graphene oxide and polyvinylpyrrolidone polymerized graphene oxide nanoparticles. The polymerized nanocarriers were further decorated with folic acid and anticancer drug camptothecin was loaded. The nanocarriers thus synthesized were characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV), zeta potential and fluorescence spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of the two nanocarriers was compared via hemolysis and anti-inflammatory studies and the cellular toxicity was assayed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against MCF-7 cell lines. The study indicates that chitosan polymerized graphene oxide nanocarrier was more suitable for biomedical applications in comparison to polyvinylpyrrolidone. The percentage hemolysis caused by chitosan polymerized graphene oxide was almost equivalent to diclofenac salt which served as standard. Also it has, increased drug loading capacity and greater percentage inhibition of MCF-7 cell lines as per MTT and SRB assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Deb
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vimala R
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Tsai YT, Lai JN, Lo PC, Chen CN, Lin JG. Prescription of Chinese herbal products is associated with a decreased risk of invasive breast cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7918. [PMID: 28858112 PMCID: PMC5585506 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding of a decrease in endometrial cancer incidence among breast cancer survivors following the use of Chinese herbal products (CHPs) has led to speculation that CHPs might play a role in breast cancer prevention.This study provides an overview of breast cancer incidence, comparing CHP users with those who do not use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), referred to as non-TCM users. The results can provide information to clinicians for counseling women about the preventive use of TCM.A total of 184,386 women (20-79 years of age) were recruited from a nationwide 1-million-person representative sample of those covered by National Health Insurance in Taiwan and were followed from 1999 to 2012. A total of 1853 incidents of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. The person-year approach with the Poisson assumption was used to estimate the incidence density rate. The age-specific hazard ratios of breast cancer in relation to either CHP or siwutang (SWT) use were calculated with multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression.More than 78% of patients had used a CHP at some point previously. The overall incidence density rate of breast cancer for non-TCM users was estimated at 1.73 per 10,000 patient-years. The corresponding values for CHP and SWT users were lower than those of the non-TCM group (CHP group = 0.85; SWT group = 0.63 per 10,000 patient-years). The covariate adjusted HRs for breast cancer were 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-0.65) and 0.36 (95% CI 0.28-0.46) in women using CHPs and SWT, respectively. The findings were confirmed using propensity score matching.Consumption of CHPs reduces the incidence of invasive breast cancer. Although the mechanism of action of these products is unclear, their use as a preventive agent for breast cancer is appropriate for many women at an increased risk of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
- Departments of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Pei-Chia Lo
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Chin-Nu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Zhang YJ, Song J, Cheng X. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of an endangered traditional Chinese medicine plant Dendrobium candidum (Orchidaceae). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-017-0750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
57
|
Understanding the Effectiveness of Natural Compound Mixtures in Cancer through Their Molecular Mode of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030656. [PMID: 28304343 PMCID: PMC5372668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches to cancer management are often ineffective due to adverse reactions, drug resistance, or inadequate target specificity of single anti-cancer agents. In contrast, a combinatorial approach with the application of two or more anti-cancer agents at their respective effective dosages can achieve a synergistic effect that boosts cytotoxicity to cancer cells. In cancer, aberrant apoptotic pathways allow cells that should be killed to survive with genetic abnormalities, leading to cancer progression. Mutations in apoptotic mechanism arising during the treatment of cancer through cancer progression can consequently lead to chemoresistance. Natural compound mixtures that are believed to have multiple specific targets with minimal acceptable side-effects are now of interest to many researchers due to their cytotoxic and chemosensitizing activities. Synergistic interactions within a drug mixture enhance the search for potential molecular targets in cancer cells. Nonetheless, biased/flawed scientific evidence from natural products can suggest false positive therapeutic benefits during drug screening. In this review, we have taken these factors into consideration when discussing the evidence for these compounds and their synergistic therapeutic benefits in cancer. While there is limited evidence for clinical efficacy for these mixtures, in vitro data suggest that these preparations merit further investigation, both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
58
|
Xu BQ, Zhang YQ. BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF GYNURA DIVARICATA AND ITS POTENTIAL USE IN HEALTH, FOOD AND MEDICINE: A MINI-REVIEW. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 14:113-127. [PMID: 28480422 PMCID: PMC5412215 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: G. divaricata (L.) DC belongs to genus the Gynura Cass which is a kind of perennial herb that has good health protection efficacy and is especially used widely in medicine and functional food. It is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and is usually used to cure bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, kink cough, rheumatism, diabetes, and so on. It has a long history for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the folk medicine. This review is aimed at gathering all information relating to G. divaricata and obtaining new insights for further studies on G. divaricata Materials and Methods: PubMed, Springer Link, Web of Science, Science Direct and Research Gate were used for the literature search. The key search terms included G. divaricata isolation and identification, flavonoids and their combinations without language restriction. The period for the search is from year 1979 to 2016. Results: The main chemical components were listed, and the folk application, the extraction and separation methods of main chemical components, pharmacological effects of G. divaricata were discussed, which further demonstrated the plant’s value as health food and medicine. Conclusion: The present review is of great significance to the development of new medicinal resources and health food of G. divaricata
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Qing Xu
- Department of Applied biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University; RM702-2303, Renai Road No. 199, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou 215123; P R China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Applied biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University; RM702-2303, Renai Road No. 199, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou 215123; P R China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Dong L, Luo Q, Cheng LZ, Yan YM, Cheng YX, Wang SM. New terpenoids from Resina Commiphora. Fitoterapia 2017; 117:147-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
60
|
Lim H, Park J, Kim HL, Kang J, Jeong MY, Youn DH, Jung Y, Kim YI, Kim HJ, Ahn KS, Kim SJ, Choe SK, Hong SH, Um JY. Chrysophanic Acid Suppresses Adipogenesis and Induces Thermogenesis by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Alpha In vivo and In vitro. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:476. [PMID: 28008317 PMCID: PMC5143616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysophanic acid (CA) is a member of the anthraquinone family abundant in rhubarb, a widely used herb for obesity treatment in Traditional Korean Medicine. Though several studies have indicated numerous features of CA, no study has yet reported the effect of CA on obesity. In this study, we tried to identify the anti-obesity effects of CA. By using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary cultured brown adipocytes as in vitro models, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and zebrafish as in vivo models, we determined the anti-obesity effects of CA. CA reduced weight gain in HFD-induced obese mice. They also decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of adipogenesis factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), the brown fat specific thermogenic genes, were up-regulated in brown adipocytes by CA treatment. Furthermore, when co-treated with Compound C, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, the action of CA on AMPKα was nullified in both types of adipocytes, indicating the multi-controlling effect of CA was partially via the AMPKα pathway. Given all together, these results indicate that CA can ameliorate obesity by controlling the adipogenic and thermogenic pathway at the same time. On these bases, we suggest the new potential of CA as an anti-obese pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hara Lim
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Iksan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Haany University Kyungsan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Ahamad SR, Al-Ghadeer AR, Ali R, Qamar W, Aljarboa S. Analysis of inorganic and organic constituents of myrrh resin by GC-MS and ICP-MS: An emphasis on medicinal assets. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 25:788-794. [PMID: 28725152 PMCID: PMC5506701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to explore the constituents of the Arabian myrrh resin obtained from Commiphora myrrha. The organic and inorganic composition of the myrrh gum resin has been investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis executed by ICP-MS reveals the presence of various inorganic elements in significant amount in the myrrh resin. The elements that were found to be present in large amounts include calcium, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, chlorine, chromium, bromine and scandium. The important organic constituents identified in the myrrh ethanolic extract include limonene, curzerene, germacrene B, isocericenine, myrcenol, beta selinene, and spathulenol,. The present work complements other myrrh associated investigations done in the past and provides additional data for the future researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rahman Al-Ghadeer
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.Central LaboratoryCollege of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2457Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Aljarboa
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Choi JS. Chrysophanic Acid Induces Necrosis but not Necroptosis in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Caki-2 Cells. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:81-7. [PMID: 27390736 PMCID: PMC4933431 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chrysophanic acid, also known as chrysophanol, has a number of biological activities. It enhances memory and learning abilities, raises superoxide dismutase activity, and has anti-cancer effects in several model systems. According to previous reports, chrysophanic acid-induced cell death shares features of necrotic cell death. However, the molecular and cellular processes underlying chrysophanic acid-induced cell death remain poorly understood. Methods: Chrysophanic acid-induced cell death was monitored by cell viability assay and Annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) staining of renal cell carcinoma Caki-2 cells. The induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by chrysophanic acid and the suppression of ROS by anti-oxidants were evaluated by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining. The expression and phosphorylation of proteins that are involved in apoptosis and necroptosis were detected by immunoblotting. Results: The extent of chrysophanic acid-induced cell death was concentration and time dependent, and dead cells mainly appeared in the PI-positive population, which is a major feature of necrosis, upon fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Chrysophanic acid-induced cell death was associated with the generation of intracellular ROS, and this effect was reversed by pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine. Chrysophanic acid-induced cell death was not associated with changes in apoptotic or necroptotic marker proteins. Conclusions: The cell death induced by chrysophanic acid resembled neither apoptotic nor necroptotic cell death in human renal cell carcinoma Caki-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Anand S, Rajan M, Venkateshbabu N, Kandaswamy D, Shravya Y, Rajeswari K. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Azadirachta Indica, Commiphora Myrrha, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Against Enterococcus Faecalis using Real Time PCR. Open Dent J 2016; 10:160-5. [PMID: 27386000 PMCID: PMC4911734 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the antibacterial efficacy of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) with 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) against E. faecalis by using Real Time PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of fifty teeth specimens (n=50) were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Specimens were divided into five groups (Group 1: Myrrh, Group 2: Neem, Group 3: Liquorice, Group 4: 2% CHX and Group 5: Saline (negative control)). The intracanal medicaments were packed inside the tooth. After 5 days, the remaining microbial load was determined by using real time PCR. RESULTS Threshold cycle (Ct) values of Myrrh extract, Neem extract, Liquorice Extract, 2% CHX and saline were found to be 30.94, 23.85, 21.38, 30.93 and 17.8 respectively. CONCLUSION Myrrh extract showed inhibition of E.faecalis equal to that of 2% CHX followed by Neem, Liquorice and Saline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Anand
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,
Penang International Dental College, Jalan Bagan Laur,12000, Butterworth,
Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mathan Rajan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,
Faculty of Dental Sciences,
Sri Ramachandra University,
Chennai, 600 116,
India
| | - Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry,
School of Dentistry,
International Medical University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Deivanayagam Kandaswamy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,
Faculty of Dental Sciences,
Sri Ramachandra University,
Chennai, 600 116,
India
| | - Yarramreddy Shravya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,
Faculty of Dental Sciences,
Sri Ramachandra University,
Chennai, 600 116,
India
| | - Kalaiselvam Rajeswari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,
Faculty of Dental Sciences,
Sri Ramachandra University,
Chennai, 600 116,
India
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Tao G, Balunas MJ. Current therapeutic role and medicinal potential of Scutellaria barbata in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western research. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:170-180. [PMID: 26875645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria barbata is a common herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) most often used to treat cancer. S. barbata has been found to exhibit efficacy both in vitro and in vivo on a variety of cancer types. Similarly encouraging results have been shown in patients with metastatic breast cancer from Phase Ia and Ib clinical trials. This study aims to elucidate the current use of S. barbata by TCM practitioners and in current Western research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen TCM practitioners in Beijing and Nanjing, China to understand their clinical use of S. barbata. Practitioners were also asked to comment on the future development of TCM using Western research methods and the potential for integration of the two types of medicine in clinical therapy. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare use of S. barbata by disease and in conjunction with other herbs. RESULTS Current Western research related to S. barbata is focused on cancer treatment, which corresponds to the most common use of S. barbata by TCM practitioners. Other common uses that practitioners reported included infection and inflammation, for which Beijing practitioners reported use of S. barbata more often than Nanjing practitioners (p<0.05). Hedyotis diffusa was found to be the most commonly cited herb to pair with S. barbata for cancer treatment (p<0.05). When compared to Western clinical trials of BZL101, an S. barbata extract, TCM practitioners reported using smaller doses of S. barbata in shorter durations, in combination with numerous other herbs with the goal to potentiate therapeutic efficacy and mitigate side effects. In addition, TCM practitioners repeatedly emphasized symptom differentiating as the key to achieving maximum therapeutic potential of S. barbata, a factor typically overlooked in Western research. CONCLUSION Similarities and differences in diagnosis and treatment regimens between TCM practitioners and Western research have the potential to shed light on possible new avenues of research. Additional research may prove beneficial on possible synergistic effects of herbs commonly used with S. barbata, such as Hedyotis diffusa and Lobelia chinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Tao
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Marcy J Balunas
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Kang SH, Kim K, Lee JH, Ahn BO, Won SY, Sohn SH, Kim JS. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of medicinal plant, Artemisia argyi. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2016; 1:257-258. [PMID: 33473468 PMCID: PMC7799501 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1159926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia argyi, called wormwood, is widely distributed in northeastern Asia. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. argyi was generated by de novo assembly using whole genome next generation sequences. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. argyi is 151 192 bp in size. It is composed of a large single-copy (LSC), a small single-copy (SSC) and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 82 930 bp, 18 344 bp and 24 959 bp, respectively. Overall GC contents of the genome were 37.46%. The A. argyi chloroplast genome has a total of 114 genes including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the chloroplast genome demonstrated that A. argyi is most closely related to Artemisia montana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kang
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Phyzen Genomics Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ohg Ahn
- R&D Coordination Division, RDA, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Won
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Han Sohn
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ge YB, Wang ZG, Xiong Y, Huang XJ, Mei ZN, Hong ZG. Anti-inflammatory and blood stasis activities of essential oil extracted from Artemisia argyi leaf in animals. J Nat Med 2016; 70:531-8. [PMID: 26894818 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-0972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia argyi leaf is a well-known species in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the anti-inflammatory and activating blood stasis activities of its essential oil (AAEO) have not been explored in vivo. The present study measured the contents of three chemical components by gas chromatography (GC). The anti-acute inflammatory effects of AAEO were investigated in dimethyl benzene, glacial acetic acid and carrageenan-induced animals through skin administration or by oral gavage, respectively. The effects of AAEO on haemorheology were studied in a rat acute blood stasis model. The contents of eucalyptol, camphor and borneol in AAEO were 254.4, 51.6 and 58.7 mg/g, respectively. All dosages of AAEO by skin administration significantly decreased the swelling in dimethyl benzene-induced ear oedema and carrageenan-induced paw oedema, and reduced the permeability in glacial acetic acid-induced abdominal blood capillary (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, haemorheology indexes such as whole blood viscosity and the erythrocyte aggregation index significantly decreased only in the high dosage group. In addition, the effects of AAEO by oral gavage were weaker than skin administration at the medium dose in the experiments. It suggests that AAEO has better absorption bioavailability and pharmacological effects through skin administration due to the better skin permeability of essential oil than gastrointestinal absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Bin Ge
- Institute for Ethical Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road 182, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Schistosomiasis Treatment Specialized Hospital, Bengzhan Road 22, Hanchuan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Institute for Ethical Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road 182, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Ju Huang
- Institute for Ethical Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road 182, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Mei
- Institute for Ethical Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road 182, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Guo Hong
- Institute for Ethical Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road 182, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Zhang K, Liu J, You X, Kong P, Song Y, Cao L, Yang S, Wang W, Fu Q, Ma Z. P2X7 as a new target for chrysophanol to treat lipopolysaccharide-induced depression in mice. Neurosci Lett 2015; 613:60-5. [PMID: 26724370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 receptor is a ligand gated ion channel found peripheral macrophages and microglia in the nervous system. The current study investigated the relationship between the activated P2X7 and depression for the first time. Chrysophanol (Chr) was examined for its protective effects against depression targeting P2X7. Chr (20mg/kg, 40mg/kg) and fluoxetine (20mg/kg) were intragastrically treated once daily for 7 consecutive days. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to develop depression model 30min after drug administration on day 7. Behavioral tests were measured 24h after LPS injection. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in serum and hippocampus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of P2X7/NF-κB pathway-related proteins were assessed by western blot. The findings showed that Chr remarkably reduced the elevations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α caused by LPS stimulation. The expressions of P2X7, p-IKKα, p-IKKβ, p-IκBα and p-NF-κBp65 were significantly decreased by Chr pretreatment. In addition, immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were reduced by Chr without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity in open filed test (OFT) and the preference for sucrose was also recovered in sucrose preference test (SPT) with Chr preconditioning. Thus, it is reasonable to speculate that Chr might exert antidepressant effect through inhibiting P2X7/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xintong You
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ping Kong
- Nanjing Hongshi Pharmaceutical Management Services Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yichen Song
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Song Yang
- Nanjing Shunan Medical Apparatus Company, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wenbing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhangqiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Tong H, Li FE, He Z, Song X, Guan S, Kong F, Sun X. Physicochemical Characterization and Antitumor Activity of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Bupleurum chinense. Chem Nat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-015-1453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
69
|
Salvia officinalis L. extract and its new food antioxidant formulations induce apoptosis through mitochondrial/caspase pathway in leukemia L1210 cells. Interdiscip Toxicol 2015; 7:146-53. [PMID: 26109892 PMCID: PMC4434108 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2014-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis, L. (Lamiaceae) is one of the most widespread herbal species used in the area of human health and in the food-processing industry. Salvia and its extracts are known to be a rich source of antioxidants. As shown previously, the crude ethanolic extract of salvia (SE) exerts lower anti-oxidative properties in lard compared to the new salvia food formulations No. 1 (SF1; 32% of SE + 68% of the emulsifier Dimodan S-T) and No. 2 (SF2; 32% of SE + 68% of the emulsifier Topcithin 50). The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effects of the SE and its food formulations SF1 and SF2 on the toxicity and/or proliferation of L1210 leukemia cells. We found that SE and both SF1 and SF2 demonstrated different concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic/antiproliferative cellular effects already within the first 24 h of the treatment. However, SE was nearly 10 times more effective than the new salvia food formulations SF1 and SF2. We investigated partially also the molecular mechanisms lying behind the action of SE, SF1 and SF2 induced apoptosis in our cell model. We found an apparent involvement of the mitochondrial/caspase-dependent pathway in the described processes. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed before salvia extract and its new antioxidant formulations can be included among the potential food antioxidants with protective properties against cancer.
Collapse
|
70
|
Shu G, Zhao W, Yue L, Su H, Xiang M. Antitumor immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Salvia chinensis Benth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:237-247. [PMID: 25858511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia chinensis Benth (S. chinensis) is a traditional herb applied in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Polysaccharides abundantly exist in this plant. However, it remains poorly understood if polysaccharides from S. chinensis (PSSC) contribute to its anti-HCC activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo anti-HCC activity of PSSC was evaluated in Kunming mice bearing H22 ascitic hepatoma cells. An array of physiological indexes was measured to evaluate toxicological effects on host animals. Subgroups of immune cells were purified by a magnetic-activated cell sorting system and analyzed by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription real-time PCR and immunoblotting were recruited to determine the effects of PSSC on the cellular signaling of different subgroup of immune cells. RESULTS PSSC suppressed in vivo proliferation of H22 cells with undetectable toxic effects on tumor-bearing mice. PSSC alleviated tumor transplantation-induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis and dysregulation of serum cytokine profiles, which elevated cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. PSSC reduced serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Injection of exogenous PGE2 completely abrogated the antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the second messager of PGE2. In CD4+ T cells, PSSC substantially declined intracellular cAMP. This event elevated protein levels of JAK3, enhancing STAT5 phosphorylation and STAT5-dependent expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Cyclooxygenase-2 is the key enzyme mediating biosynthesis of PGE2. PSSC suppressed the transcription and translation of cyclooxygenase-2 in tumor associated macrophages. CONCLUSION Our data clearly showed antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC against transplanted H22 HCC cells. Suppressing tumor transplantation-induced PGE2 production was implicated in the anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC. These works provides novel insights into the traditional application of S. chinensis against HCC and supported considering PSSC as an adjuvant reagent in clinical HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Shu
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ling Yue
- Endocrinology department, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hanwen Su
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Meixian Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yan L, Wang X, Liu H, Tian Y, Lian J, Yang R, Hao S, Wang X, Yang S, Li Q, Qi S, Kui L, Okpekum M, Ma X, Zhang J, Ding Z, Zhang G, Wang W, Dong Y, Sheng J. The Genome of Dendrobium officinale Illuminates the Biology of the Important Traditional Chinese Orchid Herb. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:922-34. [PMID: 25825286 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a traditional Chinese orchid herb that has both ornamental value and a broad range of therapeutic effects. Here, we report the first de novo assembled 1.35 Gb genome sequences for D. officinale by combining the second-generation Illumina Hiseq 2000 and third-generation PacBio sequencing technologies. We found that orchids have a complete inflorescence gene set and have some specific inflorescence genes. We observed gene expansion in gene families related to fungus symbiosis and drought resistance. We analyzed biosynthesis pathways of medicinal components of D. officinale and found extensive duplication of SPS and SuSy genes, which are related to polysaccharide generation, and that the pathway of D. officinale alkaloid synthesis could be extended to generate 16-epivellosimine. The D. officinale genome assembly demonstrates a new approach to deciphering large complex genomes and, as an important orchid species and a traditional Chinese medicine, the D. officinale genome will facilitate future research on the evolution of orchid plants, as well as the study of medicinal components and potential genetic breeding of the dendrobe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Pu'er Institute of Pu-er Tea, Pu'er 665000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Puerh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinmin Lian
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ruijuan Yang
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-er Tea, Pu'er 665000, China
| | - Shumei Hao
- Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puerh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shengchao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Puerh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qiye Li
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shuai Qi
- Agri-Biotech Lab, Kunming 650502, China
| | - Ling Kui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Moses Okpekum
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Puerh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jiajin Zhang
- School of Science and Information Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhaoli Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Guojie Zhang
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Synthetic Biology, College of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Puerh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Kim DG, Bae GS, Choi SB, Jo IJ, Shin JY, Lee SK, Kim MJ, Kim MJ, Jeong HW, Choi CM, Seo SH, Choo GC, Seo SW, Song HJ, Park SJ. Guggulsterone attenuates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis via inhibition of ERK and JNK activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:194-202. [PMID: 25843255 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Guggulsterone (GS), a plant steroid and a compound found at high levels in Commiphora myrrha, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and cholesterol-lowering effects. However, the potential of GS to ameliorate acute pancreatitis (AP) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of GS on cerulein-induced AP. AP was induced by intraperitoneally injecting supramaximal concentrations of the stable cholecystokinin analog cerulein (50 μg/kg) hourly for 6 h. In the GS-treated group, GS was administered intraperitoneally (10, 25, or 50mg/kg) 1 h before the first cerulein injection. Mice were sacrificed 6 h after the final cerulein injection. Blood samples were collected to measure serum lipase levels and evaluate cytokine production. The pancreas and lung were rapidly removed for morphologic and histological examinations, flow cytometry analysis, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Pre-treatment with GS attenuated cerulein-induced histological damage, reduced pancreas weight/body weight ratio, decreased serum lipase levels, inhibited infiltrations of macrophages and neutrophils, and suppressed cytokine production. Additionally, GS treatment suppressed the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the pancreas in cerulein-induced pancreatitis. In conclusion, our results suggest that GS attenuates AP via deactivation of ERK and JNK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Goo Kim
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea
| | - Sun-Bok Choi
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea
| | - Il-Joo Jo
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yeon Shin
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea
| | - Sung-Kon Lee
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea
| | - Min-Jun Kim
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Seo
- Department of Cosmetology, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, South Korea
| | - Gab-Chul Choo
- Department of Forest Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-758, South Korea
| | - Sang-Wan Seo
- Department of Oriental Medicine Industry, Honam University, Gwangju 506-714, South Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Song
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Gao W, Su X, Dong X, Chen Y, Zhou C, Xin P, Yu C, Wei T. Cycloartan-24-ene-1α,2α,3β-triol, a cycloartane-type triterpenoid from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha, induces apoptosis in human prostatic cancer PC-3 cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1107-14. [PMID: 25591732 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived antitumor drugs are currently used in chemotherapy. Cycloartane triterpenoids have shown a cytotoxic effect on human prostate cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to isolate a cycloartane triterpenoid from Commiphora myrrha and evaluate its anticancer potential. Cycloartan-24-ene-1α,2α,3β-triol (MY-1) was isolated from Commiphora myrrha, and its structure was determined through 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of MY-1 on human prostatic cancer PC-3 cells were estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometric analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining assay, and the expression of apoptotic-related proteins were evaluated by western blotting. MY-1 showed cytotoxic activity on PC-3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 9.6 µM at 24 h. MY-1 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that MY-1 regulated the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), p53 and caspase-3 in the PC-3 cells. These findings indicate that MY-1 exerts significantly pro-apoptotic activity against human hormone-independent prostatic cancer and support MY-1 as a potential anticancer drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Gao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Su
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Yingli Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlan Zhou
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Chunhao Yu
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, P.R. China
| | - Taiming Wei
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Huang HL, Chiang WL, Hsiao PC, Chien MH, Chen HY, Weng WC, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. Timosaponin AIII mediates caspase activation and induces apoptosis through JNK1/2 pathway in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3489-97. [PMID: 25542232 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides that has been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in cancer. However, the effect of TAIII on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Here, the molecular mechanism by which TAIII-induced apoptosis affects human AML cells was investigated. The results showed that TAIII significantly inhibited cell proliferation of four AML cell lines (MV4-11, U937, THP-1, and HL-60). Furthermore, TAIII induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells through caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activations and PARP cleavage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, Western blot analysis also showed that TAIII increased phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of JNK1/2 by specific inhibitors significantly abolished the TAIII-induced activation of the caspase-8. Taken together, our results suggest that TAIII induces HL-60 cell apoptosis through JNK1/2 pathways and could serve as a potential additional chemotherapeutic agent for treating AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lien Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Changes in phytochemical synthesis, chalcone synthase activity and pharmaceutical qualities of sabah snake grass (Clinacanthus nutans L.) in relation to plant age. Molecules 2014; 19:17632-48. [PMID: 25361426 PMCID: PMC6271923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, changes in secondary metabolite synthesis and the pharmaceutical quality of sabah snake grass leaves and buds were considered in relation to plant age (1 month, 6 months, and 1 year old). The activity of the enzyme chalcone synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) was measured, as it is a key enzyme for flavonoid production. Significant differences in total flavonoid (TF) production were observed between the three plant growth periods and the different plant parts. The highest contents of TF (6.32 mg/g dry weight [DW]) and total phenolic (TP) (18.21 mg/g DW) were recorded in 6-month-old buds. Among the flavonoids isolated in this study the most important ones based on concentration were from high to low as follows: catechin > quercetin > kaempferol > luteolin. Production of phenolic acids increased from 1 to 6 months, but after 6 months up to 1 year of age, they decreased significantly. The highest contents of caffeic acid (0.307 mg/g DW) and gallic acid (5.96 mg/g DW) were recorded in 1-year and 6-month-old buds, respectively. The lowest and highest activity of CHS was recorded in 1-month and 6-month-old buds with values of 3.6 and 9.5 nkat/mg protein, respectively. These results indicate that the increment in flavonoids and phenolic acids in 6-month-old buds can be attributed to an increase in CHS activity. The highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity was observed in the extract of 1-year-old buds followed by 6-month-old buds, with 50% of free radical scavenging (IC50) values of 64.6 and 73.5 µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay showed a higher activity in 6-month-old buds (488 μM of Fe(II)/g) than in 1-year-old buds (453 μM of Fe(II)/g), in contrast to the DPPH result. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between CHS enzyme activity and FRAP activity, TF, catechin, and kaempferol content. Extracts of 6-month-old bud exhibited a significant in vitro anticancer activity against HeLa cancer cells with IC50 value of 56.8 µg/mL. These results indicate that early harvesting of snake grass (6-month-old) may yield increased concentrations of secondary metabolites, which are potent antioxidant compounds.
Collapse
|
76
|
Gao L, Li C, Wang Z, Liu X, You Y, Wei H, Guo T. Ligustri Lucidi Fructusas a traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:493-510. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.954114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
77
|
Hu B, Du Q, Deng S, An HM, Pan CF, Shen KP, Xu L, Wei MM, Wang SS. Ligustrum lucidum Ait. fruit extract induces apoptosis and cell senescence in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through upregulation of p21. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1037-42. [PMID: 25017491 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nü-zhen-zi, the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait., is one of the most frequently used liver Yin tonifying Chinese herbs for the treatment of liver cancer. However, the effect of Ligustrum lucidum fruit on hepatocarcinoma cells remains unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a Ligustrum lucidum fruit extract (LLFE) on human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells. The results showed that LLFE inhibited the proliferation of the Bel-7402 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. LLFE induced apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells accompanied by activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. LLFE-induced apoptosis was completely abrogated by a pan caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. LLFE treatment also caused a large and flat morphologic cellular change, positive SA-β-gal staining, and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in the Bel-7402 cells, accompanied by upregulation of p21 and downregulation of RB phosphorylation. Specific knockdown of p21 expression by RNA interference partially abrogated LLFE-induced apoptosis, and significantly abrogated LLFE-induced cell senescence. These observations suggest that Nü-zhen-zi is a potential anticancer herb and support the traditional use of Nü-zhen-zi for hepatocarcinoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, P.R. China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, P.R. China
| | - Shan Deng
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei An
- Department of Science and Technology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Fang Pan
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Ping Shen
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Di Pompo G, Poli F, Mandrone M, Lorenzi B, Roncuzzi L, Baldini N, Granchi D. Comparative "in vitro" evaluation of the antiresorptive activity residing in four Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Hemidesmus indicus emerges for its potential in the treatment of bone loss diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:462-470. [PMID: 24786575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Four Indian plants, traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine: Asparagus racemosus Willd., Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Hemidesmus indicus R. Br., and Rubia cordifolia L. were selected on the basis of their ethnobotanical use and of scientific evidence that suggests a potential efficacy in the treatment of bone-loss diseases. The antiresorptive properties of the four plants have been investigated. The aim was to provide adequate evidence for the exploitation of natural compounds as alternative therapeutics for the treatment of diseases caused by increased osteoclast activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Decoctions were prepared from dried plant material according to the traditional procedure and standardization by HPLC was performed using marker compounds for each species. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and radical scavenging activity of the decoctions were also determined. The bioactivity of the plant decoctions was evaluated in subsequent phases. (1) A cytotoxicity screening was performed on the mouse monocytic RAW 264.7 cell line to define the concentrations that could be utilized in the following step. (2) The antiresorptive properties of plant decoctions were compared with that of a "gold standard" drug (alendronate) by measuring osteoclastogenesis inhibition and osteoclast apoptosis. (3) The toxic effect on bone forming cells was excluded by evaluating the impact on the proliferation of osteogenic precursors (mesenchymal stem cells, MSC). RESULTS All the decoctions inhibited osteoclastogenesis similarly to alendronate at the highest doses, but Hemidesmus indicus and Rubia cordifolia were also effective at lower concentrations. Apoptosis increased significantly when cells were exposed to the highest concentration of Emblica officinalis, Hemidesmus indicus, and Rubia cordifolia. All concentrations of Emblica officinalis tested inhibited the proliferation of osteogenic precursors, while only the highest doses of Asparagus racemosus and Rubia cordifolia were toxic. On the contrary, Hemidesmus indicus did not affect osteogenic precursor growth at any concentration tested. CONCLUSION Among the medicinal plants included in the study, Hemidesmus indicus showed the greatest antiosteoclastic activity without toxic effect on osteogenic precursors. Therefore, Hemidesmus indicus exhibits the properties of an antiresorptive drug and represents the ideal candidate for further clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Lorenzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Roncuzzi
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Granchi
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Nuong NM, Vy NT, Duong HHT. Combinative effects of thanh hao miet giap thang (sweet wormwood and tortoise shell decoction) ingredients on antioxidative activity in vitro. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:136-41. [PMID: 25392593 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional formulae usually exhibit therapeutic effects through the combinations of different ingredients. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro anti-oxidative activity of Thanh Hao Miet Giap Thang (THMGT) (Sweet Wormwood and Tortoise Shell Decoction) formula and the interactions of its ingredients leading to the overall anti-oxidative effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared 31 combinations containing two to four of the five ingredients including Herba Artemisia apiacea L (HbA), Carapax Trionycis (Tryonix sinensis) (CT), Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (Anemarrhena asphodeloides) (RzA), Radix Rehmanniae (Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch) (RdR), Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa) (MC). These combinations were tested for anti-oxidative activity using DCFH-DA and DPPH assays on Hep G2 cells. We also analyzed changes in expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense system including Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2 (NFE2L2), catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (SOD1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2). RESULTS The complete formula and all combinations containing Moutan Cortex showed high antioxidant activity in both radical solution-based chemical assay and cellular-based assay. On the contrary, Carapax Trionycis displayed inhibitory effect on the overall antioxidant activity when present in a combination, an effect clearly emphasized in cellular-based assay. Hep G2 cells treated with the formula showed increased gene expression of HO-1 and SOD2 while expression of CAT, SOD1, GPx was unchanged. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that THMGT had anti-oxidative activity essentially through intrinsic reducing capacities and the overall activity of the formula resulted from enhancing and inhibiting interactions of ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen My Nuong
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Vy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Ho-Huynh Thuy Duong
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Yang G, Zhang N, Wang T, Zhang S, Xu R, Zhu Z, Liu K. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay for the determination of vaccarin in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1789-94. [PMID: 24802257 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Yang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130041 People's Republic of China
- China Meitan General Hospital; Beijing 100028 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine; the First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Tiance Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130041 People's Republic of China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130041 People's Republic of China
| | - Rihao Xu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130041 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130041 People's Republic of China
| | - Kexiang Liu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130041 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Chrysophanol inhibits NALP3 inflammasome activation and ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:370530. [PMID: 24876671 PMCID: PMC4020303 DOI: 10.1155/2014/370530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most effective way to contain cerebral ischemic injury is reperfusion; however, reperfusion itself may result in tissue injury, for which inflammatory damage is one of the main causative factors. NALP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex. It consists of NALP3, ASC, and caspase-1, whose function is to switch on the inflammatory process. Chrysophanol is an extract from plants of Rheum genus and it possesses many pharmacological effects including its anti-inflammation activity. In this study, the effects of chrysophanol in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and the potential mechanisms were investigated. Male CD1 mice were subject to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The NALP3 inflammasome activation status and its dynamic expression during the natural inflammatory response induced by tMCAO were first profiled. The neuroprotective effects of chrysophanol were then assessed and the potential mechanisms mediating the observed neuroprotection were then explored. Physical parameters including neurological deficit, infarct size, brain edema, and BBB permeability were measured at 24 h after tMCAO. Confocal microscopy, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR techniques were utilized to analyze the expression of NALP3 inflammasome and IL-1β. Our results indicated that the brain tissue damage during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is accompanied by NALP3 inflammasome activation. Chrysophanol could inhibit the activation of NALP3 inflammasome and protect cerebral ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
82
|
Ang HY, Subramani T, Yeap SK, Omar AR, Ho WY, Abdullah MP, Alitheen NB. Immunomodulatory effects of Potentilla indica and Dendrophthoe pentandra on mice splenocytes and thymocytes. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1733-1737. [PMID: 24926376 PMCID: PMC4043603 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators are agents that are able to stimulate or inhibit the immune response. The leaf extracts from Potentilla indica and Dendrophthoe pentandra were analyzed in vitro for immunomodulatory activity and an MTT colorimetric assay was conducted to determine the proliferation of mice splenocytes and thymocytes. A bromodeoxyuridine assay was performed to analyze DNA synthesis and the Trypan blue exclusion method was conducted to evaluate the changes in total cell population. The results indicated that treatment with P. indica and D. pentandra produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in cell viability and proliferation. Following 72 h of treatment with P. indica and D. pentandra, thymocyte proliferation was augmented by 18 and 41%, respectively and splenocyte proliferation increased by 35 and 42%, respectively, when compared with untreated cells. The present study demonstrated that these extracts may act as potential immunostimulants and, thus, represent an alternative source of immunomodulatory compounds for the treatment of human immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Ang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Tamilselvan Subramani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yang Ho
- The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor 43500, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Puad Abdullah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Growth Inhibitory Impact of Peganum harmala L. on Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5812/ijb.18562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
84
|
Herb mixture C5E aggravates doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of human breast cancer cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-013-3195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
85
|
Liu M, Lin YL, Chen XR, Liao CC, Poo WK. In vitro assessment of Macleaya cordata crude extract bioactivity and anticancer properties in normal and cancerous human lung cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:775-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
86
|
Pervin M, Hasnat MDA, Debnath T, Park SR, Kim DH, Lim BO. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activity of Angelica Dahurica
Root Extracts. J Food Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Pervin
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - MD Abul Hasnat
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Trishna Debnath
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Ra Park
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Chen Y, Zhou C, Ge Z, Liu Y, Liu Y, Feng W, Li S, Chen G, Wei T. Composition and potential anticancer activities of essential oils obtained from myrrh and frankincense. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1140-1146. [PMID: 24137478 PMCID: PMC3796379 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the composition and potential anticancer activities of essential oils obtained from two species, myrrh and frankincense, by hydrodistillation. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 76 and 99 components were identified in the myrrh and frankincense essential oils, respectively, with the most abundant components, 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 4-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl- and n-Octylacetate, accounting for 12.01 and 34.66%, respectively. The effects of the two essential oils, independently and as a mixture, on five tumor cell lines, MCF-7, HS-1, HepG2, HeLa and A549, were investigated using the MTT assay. The results indicated that the MCF-7 and HS-1 cell lines showed increased sensitivity to the myrrh and frankincense essential oils compared with the remaining cell lines. In addition, the anticancer effects of myrrh were markedly increased compared with those of frankincense, however, no significant synergistic effects were identified. The flow cytometry results indicated that apoptosis may be a major contributor to the biological efficacy of MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China ; Biopharmaceutical Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 158000, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Hsu CM, Yu SC, Tsai FJ, Tsai Y. Enhancement of rhubarb extract solubility and bioactivity by 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1422-9. [PMID: 24053823 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, and the ethanolic extract of rhubarb consists of active anthraquinones, which are hydrophobic and have antiproliferative effects on hepatoma cell lines. To increase the aqueous solubility of rhubarb and study the consequent bioavailability, the ethanolic extract of rhubarb was complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide that has a hydrophilic outer surface and a hydrophobic central cavity, to form a rhubarb-HP-β-CD complex. This complex was characterized by performing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, two-dimensional rotating frame spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography to confirm the inclusion of anthraquinones from rhubarb extract in HP-β-CD (weight ratio of rhubarb extract:HP-β-CD=1:9). We investigated the effects of complexing rhubarb extract with HP-β-CD on the growth of Huh7 and HepG2 cells by performing cytotoxicity analysis, cellular uptake test, and colony formation assay. Our results showed that complexation of rhubarb extract with HP-β-CD increased the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of rhubarb and thus enhanced its effect on hepatoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Mu Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics, Pediatrics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Jiang H, Wang J, Zhou A, Xie G, Yan L, Jiang Y, Chen J, Shen Y, Chen J. Purification, characterization and antiviral activity of two heteropolysaccharides from Duchesneae Indicae. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 58:287-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
90
|
Timosaponin AIII Suppresses Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Induced Invasive Activity through Sustained ERK Activation in Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:421051. [PMID: 23878598 PMCID: PMC3708436 DOI: 10.1155/2013/421051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) is able to inhibit HGF-induced invasion activity in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods. After pretreatment with different concentrations (10−6~10−8 M) of TAIII, the cells were treated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, 15 ng/mL). At different time intervals after coincubation, various parameters, including the expression of c-Met, ERK, COX2, and MMP-9, which were assessed by Western blotting or by real-time PCR, were analyzed. In addition, invasive activity was also monitored. Results. HGF was found to induce c-MET activation and ERK activation, together with increased COX2 protein expression; these changes were followed by a subsequent increase in invasive activity. TAIII was found to suppress HGF-induced invasive activity and COX2 gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner (10−6~10−8 M) in parallel with increases in the phosphoforms of c-Met and ERK after TAIII treatment. The mechanisms by which TAIII suppresses HGF-induced invasive activity were demonstrated to include sustained cytoplasmic and nuclear ERK activation; these led to a suppression of nuclear ATF2 activation, which was followed by downregulation of COX2 and MMP-9 transcription. Conclusion. TAIII suppresses HGF-induced invasive activity in MDA-MB-231 cells via sustained ERK activation.
Collapse
|
91
|
Liao GS, Apaya MK, Shyur LF. Herbal medicine and acupuncture for breast cancer palliative care and adjuvant therapy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:437948. [PMID: 23840256 PMCID: PMC3694462 DOI: 10.1155/2013/437948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a life-threatening disease among women worldwide with annual rates of reported incidence and death increasing alarmingly. Chemotherapy is a recommended and effective treatment option for breast cancer; however, the narrow therapeutic indices and varied side effects of currently approved drugs present major hurdles in increasing its effectiveness. An increasing number of literature evidence indicate that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) used in treatment-related symptom control and alleviation of side effects plays an important role in increasing survival rate and quality of life in breast cancer patients. This review focuses on the use of herbal medicines and acupuncture in palliative care and as adjuvants in the treatment of breast cancer. Herbal medicinal treatments, the correlation of clinical use with demonstrated in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of action, and the use of certain acupoints in acupuncture are summarized. The aim of this review is to facilitate an understanding of the current practice and usefulness of herbal medicine and acupuncture as adjuvants in breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Shiou Liao
- Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Maria Karmella Apaya
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Ben Jemia M, Kchouk ME, Senatore F, Autore G, Marzocco S, De Feo V, Bruno M. Antiproliferative activity of hexane extract from Tunisian Cistus libanotis, Cistus monspeliensis and Cistus villosus. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:47. [PMID: 23497569 PMCID: PMC3599238 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a part of our investigation on Tunisian medicinal plants, we have carried out a phytochemical investigation of the hexane extracts from leaves of Cistus libanotis, C. villosus and C. monspeliensis, evualuating also their possible antiproliferative activity in vitro. RESULTS The major compounds of hexane extracts were identified and quantified by GC-MS. The composition of the three species, although belonging to the same genus, is completely different. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated against murine monocyte/macrophages (J774.A1), human melanoma cells (A-375), and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), showing major activity against the human melanoma cell line A-375. CONCLUSIONS The chemical composition of the hexane extracts from the three Cistus species can be useful in the chemosystematics of this complex genus. The preliminary antiproliferative activity against human melanoma cell line A-375 deserve further investigations in order to determine the compounds, or their combinations, which are the main responsible for the antiproliferative activity and its possible mechanism(s) of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ben Jemia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Kim HJ, Seo JY, Suh HJ, Lim SS, Kim JS. Antioxidant activities of licorice-derived prenylflavonoids. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:491-8. [PMID: 23346298 PMCID: PMC3542438 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.6.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza uralensis (or licorice) is a widely used Oriental herbal medicine from which the phenylflavonoids dehydroglyasperin C (DGC), dehydroglyasperin D (DGD), and isoangustone A (IsoA) are derived. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of DGC, DGD, and IsoA. The three compounds showed strong ferric reducing activities and effectively scavenged DPPH, ABTS+, and singlet oxygen radicals. Among the three compounds tested, DGC showed the highest free radical scavenging capacity in human hepatoma HepG2 cells as assessed by oxidant-sensitive fluorescent dyes dichlorofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium bromide. In addition, all three compounds effectively suppressed lipid peroxidation in rat tissues as well as H2O2-induced ROS production in hepatoma cells. This study demonstrates that among the three phenylflavonoids isolated from licorice, DGC possesses the most potent antioxidant activity, suggesting it has protective effects against chronic diseases caused by reactive oxygen species as well as potential as an antioxidant food additive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences and Food Science and Biotechnology, BK21 research Team for Developing Functional Health Food Materials, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Yu T, Moh SH, Kim SB, Yang Y, Kim E, Lee YW, Cho CK, Kim KH, Yoo BC, Cho JY, Yoo HS. HangAmDan-B, an ethnomedicinal herbal mixture, suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting Syk/NF-κB and JNK/ATF-2 pathways. J Med Food 2012; 16:56-65. [PMID: 23256447 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HangAmDan-B (HAD-B) is a powdered mixture of eight ethnopharmacologically characterized folk medicines that is prescribed for solid masses and cancers in Korea. In view of the finding that macrophage-mediated inflammation is a pathophysiologically important phenomenon, we investigated whether HAD-B modulates inflammatory responses and explored the associated molecular mechanisms. The immunomodulatory activity of HAD-B in toll-like receptor-activated macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed by measuring nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels. To identify the specific transcription factors (such as nuclear factor [NF]-κB and signaling enzymes) targeted by HAD-B, biochemical approaches, including kinase assays and immunoblot analysis, were additionally employed. HAD-B suppressed the production of PGE(2) and NO in LPS-activated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the extract ameliorated HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis symptoms. Moreover, HAD-B significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Interestingly, marked inhibition of NF-κB and activating transcription factor was observed in the presence of HAD-B. Data from direct kinase assays and immunoblot analysis showed that HAD-B suppresses activation of the upstream signaling cascade involving spleen tyrosine kinase, Src, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1. Finally, kaempferol, but not quercetin or resveratrol was identified as a bioactive compound in HAD-B. Therefore, our results suggest that HAD-B possesses anti-inflammatory activity that contributes to its anticancer property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Xu H, Zhang S. Scutellarin-induced apoptosis in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells via a STAT3 pathway. Phytother Res 2012. [PMID: 23192830 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancers remain one main reason for the mortality in patients with tumors. Up to now, however, the effective drugs to treat liver cancers are limited. The aim of this study was to study whether Scutellarin which was widely found in many medicinal plants can exert an inhibitory role in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, and to explore its molecular mechanisms. The MTT assay showed that Scutellarin markedly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, Scutellarin-treated cells exhibited typical apoptotic appearance by staining assay. Also, Scutellarin-treated HepG2 cells exhibited the reduction of ROS production, compared with untreated HepG2 cells. Western blot analysis displayed that STAT3 protein was obviously decreased in Scutellarin-treated HepG2 cells. Furthermore, STAT3 transcriptional targets Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 were also downregulated in HepG2 cells treated by Scutellarin. In summary, we found that Scutellarin was able to inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells via a STAT3 signal pathway, which provided evident support for developing Scutellarin as an alternative treatment for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P.R., China
| | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Chen Q, Yang L, Zhang G, Wang F. Bioactivity‐guided Isolation of Antiosteoporotic Compounds from
Ligustrum lucidum. Phytother Res 2012; 27:973-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | | | - Guolin Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Sakulnarmrat K, Fenech M, Thomas P, Konczak I. Cytoprotective and pro-apoptotic activities of native Australian herbs polyphenolic-rich extracts. Food Chem 2012; 136:9-17. [PMID: 23017386 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Three commercially grown native herbs unique to Australia, Tasmannia pepper leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata R. Br., Winteracea; TPL), anise myrtle (Syzygium anisatum Vickery, Craven & Biffen, Myrtaceae; AM) and lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora F. Muell, Myrtaceae; LM) as well as a reference sample bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L., Lauraceae; BL) were examined for potential cytoprotective properties. All native herbs exhibited greater cellular antioxidant activity as measured by the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay than bay leaf and reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induced death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells by 25-50%. All herb extracts reduced the proliferation of colon (HT-29; IC(50)=0.75-1.39mg/ml), stomach (AGS; IC(50)=0.59-1.88mg/ml), bladder (BL13; IC(50)=0.56-1.12mg/ml) and liver (HepG2; IC(50)=0.38-1.36mg/ml) cancer cells. No significant reduction of cell viability of non-transformed colon (CCD-18Co; IC(50)>2.0mg/ml) and mixed stomach and intestine (Hs 738.St/Int; IC(50)>2.0mg/ml) cells was observed. Flow cytometry analysis and the results of the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome (CBMNCyt) assay conducted with respectively, promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells suggest an increase in apoptosis following treatment with the herb extracts. The occurrence of apoptotic cells coincided with an increase in caspase-3 enzyme activity. The results of the CBMNCyt assay suggested no direct DNA damage in colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells as a result of treatment with all extracts, applied at final concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0mg/ml.
Collapse
|
98
|
Shen T, Li GH, Wang XN, Lou HX. The genus Commiphora: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:319-330. [PMID: 22626923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The resinous exudates of the Commiphora species, known as 'myrrh', are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of trauma, arthritis, fractures and diseases caused by blood stagnation. Myrrh has also been used in the Ayurvedic medical system because of its therapeutic effects against inflammatory diseases, coronary artery diseases, gynecological disease, obesity, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW Based on a comprehensive review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological data on the genus Commiphora, opportunities for the future research and development as well as the genus' therapeutic potential are analyzed. METHODS Information on the Commiphora species was collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Google Scholar and Web of Science) and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, information also was obtained from some local books on ethnopharmacology. This paper covers the literature, primarily pharmacological, from 2000 to the end of December 2011. RESULTS The resinous exudates from the bark of plants of the genus Commiphora are important indigenous medicines, and have a long medicinal application for arthritis, hyperlipidemia, pain, wounds, fractures, blood stagnation, in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and other indigenous medical systems. Phytochemical investigation of this genus has resulted in identification of more than 300 secondary metabolites. The isolated metabolites and crude extract have exhibited a wide of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, including antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. The bioactive steroids guggulsterones have attracted most attention for their potent hypolipidemic effect targeting farnesoid X receptor, as well as their potent inhibitory effects on tumor cells and anti-inflammatory efficiency. CONCLUSIONS The resins of Commiphora species have emerged as a good source of the traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammation, arthritis, obesity, microbial infection, wound, pain, fractures, tumor and gastrointestinal diseases. The resin of C. mukul in India and that of C. molmol in Egypt have been developed as anti-hyperlipidemia and antischistosomal agents. Pharmacological results have validated the use of this genus in the traditional medicines. Some bioassays are difficult to reproduce because the plant materials used have not been well identified, therefore analytical protocol and standardization of extracts should be established prior to biological evaluation. Stem, bark and leaf of this genus should receive more attention. Expansion of research materials would provide more opportunities for the discovery of new bioactive principles from the genus Commiphora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Rapid and efficient purification of chrysophanol in Rheum Palmatum LINN by supercritical fluid extraction coupled with preparative liquid chromatography in tandem. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 893-894:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
100
|
Chen V, Staub RE, Fong S, Tagliaferri M, Cohen I, Shtivelman E. Bezielle selectively targets mitochondria of cancer cells to inhibit glycolysis and OXPHOS. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30300. [PMID: 22319564 PMCID: PMC3272024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bezielle (BZL101) is a candidate oral drug that has shown promising efficacy and excellent safety in the early phase clinical trials for advanced breast cancer. Bezielle is an aqueous extract from the herb Scutellaria barbata. We have reported previously that Bezielle was selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells while sparing non-transformed cells. In tumor, but not in non-transformed cells, Bezielle induced generation of ROS and severe DNA damage followed by hyperactivation of PARP, depletion of the cellular ATP and NAD, and inhibition of glycolysis. We show here that tumor cells' mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species induced by Bezielle. Treatment with Bezielle induces progressively higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide as well as peroxide-type ROS. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration prevents generation of both types of ROS and protects cells from Bezielle-induced death. In addition to glycolysis, Bezielle inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells and depletes mitochondrial reserve capacity depriving cells of the ability to produce ATP. Tumor cells lacking functional mitochondria maintain glycolytic activity in presence of Bezielle thus supporting the hypothesis that mitochondria are the primary target of Bezielle. The metabolic effects of Bezielle towards normal cells are not significant, in agreement with the low levels of oxidative damage that Bezielle inflicts on them. Bezielle is therefore a drug that selectively targets cancer cell mitochondria, and is distinguished from other such drugs by its ability to induce not only inhibition of OXPHOS but also of glycolysis. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism of Bezielle's cytotoxicity, and the basis of its selectivity towards cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chen
- BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | | | - Sylvia Fong
- BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | | | - Isaac Cohen
- BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Emma Shtivelman
- BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|