51
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Giraudeau P, Felpin FX. Flow reactors integrated with in-line monitoring using benchtop NMR spectroscopy. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-the-art flow reactors integrated with in-line benchtop NMR are thoroughly discussed with highlights on the strengths and weaknesses of this emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Giraudeau
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
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52
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A continuous flow synthesis and derivatization of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6218-6223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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53
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR, Filipponi P, Hu T. Sustainable Flow Synthesis of a Versatile Cyclopentenone Building Block. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, U.K
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, U.K
| | - Paolo Filipponi
- Novartis
Pharma
AG, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Te Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, U.K
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54
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Flow Bioreactors as Complementary Tools for Biocatalytic Process Intensification. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 36:73-88. [PMID: 29054312 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has widened its scope and relevance since new molecular tools, including improved expression systems for proteins, protein and metabolic engineering, and rational techniques for immobilization, have become available. However, applications are still sometimes hampered by low productivity and difficulties in scaling up. A practical and reasonable step to improve the performances of biocatalysts (including both enzymes and whole-cell systems) is to use them in flow reactors. This review describes the state of the art on the design and use of biocatalysis in flow reactors. The encouraging successes of this enabling technology are critically discussed, highlighting new opportunities, problems to be solved and technological advances.
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55
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Contente ML, Dall'Oglio F, Tamborini L, Molinari F, Paradisi F. Highly Efficient Oxidation of Amines to Aldehydes with Flow-based Biocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina L. Contente
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- UCD School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Federica Dall'Oglio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; DISFARM; University of Milan; Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; DISFARM; University of Milan; Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, DeFENS; University of Milan; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- UCD School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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56
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Ueda M, Imai N, Yoshida S, Yasuda H, Fukuyama T, Ryu I. Scalable Flow Synthesis of [6,6]-Phenyl-C61
-butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM) using a Flow Photoreactor with a Sodium Lamp. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ueda
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Naoyuki Imai
- Institute for Advanced & Core Technology; Showa Denko K.K; 267-0056 Chiba Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced & Core Technology; Showa Denko K.K; 267-0056 Chiba Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Institute for Advanced & Core Technology; Showa Denko K.K; 267-0056 Chiba Japan
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 30010 Hsinchu Taiwan
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57
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Furuta A, Okada K, Fukuyama T. Efficient Anionic Ring Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide under Microfluidic Conditions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Furuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | | | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
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58
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Plutschack MB, Pieber B, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Flow Chemistry ∥. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11796-11893. [PMID: 28570059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1020] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask. Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions. This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow. Until recently, however, the question, "Should we do this in flow?" has merely been an afterthought. This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Plutschack
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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59
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Harnessing open-source technology for low-cost automation in synthesis: Flow chemical deprotection of silyl ethers using a homemade autosampling system. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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60
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Wilkins LC, Howard JL, Burger S, Frentzel-Beyme L, Browne DL, Melen RL. Exploring Multistep Continuous-Flow Hydrosilylation Reactions Catalyzed by Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. Wilkins
- School of Chemistry; Main Building; Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT U.K
| | - Joseph L. Howard
- School of Chemistry; Main Building; Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT U.K
| | - Stefan Burger
- School of Chemistry; Main Building; Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT U.K
| | - Louis Frentzel-Beyme
- School of Chemistry; Main Building; Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of Chemistry; Main Building; Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT U.K
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- School of Chemistry; Main Building; Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT U.K
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61
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Furuta A, Fukuyama T, Ryu I. Efficient Flow Fischer Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols Using Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Silica as Supported Catalyst. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Furuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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62
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Furuta A, Hirobe Y, Fukuyama T, Ryu I, Manabe Y, Fukase K. Flow Dehydration and Hydrogenation of Allylic Alcohols: Application to the Waste-Free Synthesis of Pristane. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Furuta
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Yuki Hirobe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 560-0043 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 560-0043 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
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63
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Fanelli F, Parisi G, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Contribution of microreactor technology and flow chemistry to the development of green and sustainable synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:520-542. [PMID: 28405232 PMCID: PMC5372749 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microreactor technology and flow chemistry could play an important role in the development of green and sustainable synthetic processes. In this review, some recent relevant examples in the field of flash chemistry, catalysis, hazardous chemistry and continuous flow processing are described. Selected examples highlight the role that flow chemistry could play in the near future for a sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Fanelli
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
| | - Giovanna Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
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64
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O'Brien M, Cooper DA, Dolan J. Continuous flow iodination using an automated computer-vision controlled liquid-liquid extraction system. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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65
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Lummiss JA, Morse PD, Beingessner RL, Jamison TF. Towards More Efficient, Greener Syntheses through Flow Chemistry. CHEM REC 2017; 17:667-680. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A.M. Lummiss
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA, 02139 USA
| | - Peter D. Morse
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA, 02139 USA
| | - Rachel L. Beingessner
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA, 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA, 02139 USA
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66
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García-Lacuna J, Domínguez G, Blanco-Urgoiti J, Pérez-Castells J. A catalytic scalable Pauson–Khand reaction in a plug flow reactor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4014-4017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Scalable, safe, highly efficient and broad-scope PKR in a plug flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Lacuna
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Dpto. Química y Bioquímica
- Universidad San Pablo CEU
- Urb. Montepríncipe
- Boadilla del Monte
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Dpto. Química y Bioquímica
- Universidad San Pablo CEU
- Urb. Montepríncipe
- Boadilla del Monte
| | | | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Dpto. Química y Bioquímica
- Universidad San Pablo CEU
- Urb. Montepríncipe
- Boadilla del Monte
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67
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Improving the throughput of batch photochemical reactions using flow: Dual photoredox and nickel catalysis in flow for C(sp 2)C(sp 3) cross-coupling. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:6190-6196. [PMID: 28062193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the transfer of dual photoredox and nickel catalysis for C(sp2)C(sp3) cross coupling form batch to flow. This new procedure clearly improves the scalability of the previous batch reaction by the reactor's size and operating time reduction, and allows the preparation of interesting compounds for drug discovery in multigram amounts.
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68
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Varma RS. Greener and Sustainable Trends in Synthesis of Organics and Nanomaterials. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2016; 4:5866-5878. [PMID: 32704457 PMCID: PMC7377218 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Trends in greener and sustainable process development during the past 25 years are abridged involving the use of alternate energy inputs (mechanochemistry, ultrasound- or microwave irradiation), photochemistry, and greener reaction media as applied to synthesis of organics and nanomaterials. In the organic synthesis arena, examples comprise assembly of heterocyclic compounds, coupling and a variety of other name reactions catalyzed by basic water or recyclable magnetic nanocatalysts. Generation of nanoparticles benefits from the biomimetic approaches where vitamins, sugars, and plant polyphenols, including agricultural waste residues, can serve as reducing and capping agents. Metal nanocatalysts (Pd, Au, Ag, Ni, Ru, Ce, Cu, etc.) immobilized on biodegradable supports such as cellulose and chitosan, or on recyclable magnetic ferrites via ligands, namely dopamine or glutathione, are receiving special attention. These strategic approaches attempt to address most of the Green Chemistry Principles while producing functional chemicals with utmost level of waste minimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender S Varma
- Sustainable Technology Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West M.L.K. Drive, MS 443, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
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69
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The continuous-flow synthesis of carbazate hydrazones using a simplified computer-vision controlled liquid–liquid extraction system. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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70
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Cortés-Borda D, Kutonova KV, Jamet C, Trusova ME, Zammattio F, Truchet C, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Felpin FX. Optimizing the Heck–Matsuda Reaction in Flow with a Constraint-Adapted Direct Search Algorithm. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cortés-Borda
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Ksenia V. Kutonova
- Department
of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Corentin Jamet
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marina E. Trusova
- Department
of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Françoise Zammattio
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Charlotte Truchet
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Mireia Rodriguez-Zubiri
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire
de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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71
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Muhammad Abid Rashid
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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72
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Day C, Saldarriaga A, Tilley M, Hunter H, Organ MG, Wilson DJ. A Single-Stage, Continuous High-Efficiency Extraction Device (HEED) for Flow Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Day
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Michael Tilley
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Howard Hunter
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Derek J. Wilson
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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73
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Poh JS, Lau SH, Dykes IG, Tran DN, Battilocchio C, Ley SV. A multicomponent approach for the preparation of homoallylic alcohols. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6803-6807. [PMID: 28042466 PMCID: PMC5134730 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of transient boronic acid species followed by their subsequent trapping with aldehydes as electrophiles to yield homoallylic alcohols, in a multicomponent and metal-free fashion.
Here we report the in situ generation of transient allylic boronic species, by reacting TMSCHN2 and E-vinyl boronic acids, followed by their subsequent trapping with aldehydes as electrophiles to yield homoallylic alcohols. This metal-free reaction was initially discovered by the use of a flow chemistry approach to generate a variety of homoallylic alcohols in a straightforward fashion and then transferred to a batch protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Siang Poh
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Shing-Hing Lau
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Iain G Dykes
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Duc N Tran
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Steven V Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
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74
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Mertens L, Hock KJ, Koenigs RM. Fluoroalkyl-Substituted Diazomethanes and Their Application in a General Synthesis of Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines. Chemistry 2016; 22:9542-5. [PMID: 27168358 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel continuous-flow approach for the synthesis of fluoroalkyl-substituted diazomethanes has been developed. Utilizing a cheap, self-made microreactor fluoroalkyl-substituted amines were transformed into the corresponding diazomethanes using tert-butyl nitrite and acetic acid as catalyst. These diazomethanes were employed in [2+3] cycloaddition reactions with olefins and alkynes, yielding valuable pyrazolines and pyrazoles in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mertens
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina J Hock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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75
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Alam MP, Jagodzinska B, Campagna J, Spilman P, John V. C-O bond Formation in a Microfluidic Reactor: High Yield S NAr Substitution of Heteroaryl Chlorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:2059-2062. [PMID: 27152054 PMCID: PMC4852388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study describes our development of a novel and efficient procedure for C-O bond formation under mild conditions, for coupling heteroaryl chlorides with phenols or primary aliphatic alcohols. We utilized a continuous-flow microfluidic reactor for C-O bond formation in electron-deficient pyrimidines and pyridines in a much more facile manner with a cleaner reaction profile, high yield, quick scalability and without the need for the transition metal catalyst. This approach can be of general utility to make C-O bond containing intermediates of industrial importance in a continuous and safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Parvez Alam
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Barbara Jagodzinska
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jesus Campagna
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Patricia Spilman
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Varghese John
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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76
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Fitzpatrick D, Battilocchio C, Ley SV. Enabling Technologies for the Future of Chemical Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:131-8. [PMID: 27163040 PMCID: PMC4827522 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Technology is evolving at breakneck pace, changing the way we communicate, travel, find out information, and live our lives. Yet chemistry as a science has been slower to adapt to this rapidly shifting world. In this Outlook we use highlights from recent literature reports to describe how progresses in enabling technologies are altering this trend, permitting chemists to incorporate new advances into their work at all levels of the chemistry development cycle. We discuss the benefits and challenges that have arisen, impacts on academic-industry relationships, and future trends in the area of chemical synthesis.
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77
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Tsukanov SV, Johnson MD, May SA, Rosemeyer M, Watkins MA, Kolis SP, Yates MH, Johnston JN. Development of an Intermittent-Flow Enantioselective Aza-Henry Reaction Using an Arylnitromethane and Homogeneous Brønsted Acid-Base Catalyst with Recycle. Org Process Res Dev 2016; 20:215-226. [PMID: 27065720 PMCID: PMC4821467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A stereoselective aza-Henry reaction between an arylnitromethane and Boc-protected aryl aldimine using a homogeneous Brønsted acid-base catalyst was translated from batch format to an automated intermittent-flow process. This work demonstrates the advantages of a novel intermittent-flow setup with product crystallization and slow reagent addition which is not amenable to the standard continuous equipment: plug flow tube reactor (PFR) or continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A significant benefit of this strategy was the integration of an organocatalytic enantioselective reaction with straightforward product separation, including recycle of the catalyst, resulting in increased intensity of the process by maintaining high catalyst concentration in the reactor. A continuous campaign confirmed that these conditions could effectively provide high throughput of material using an automated system while maintaining high selectivity, thereby addressing nitroalkane safety and minimizing catalyst usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Tsukanov
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, Unites States
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Martin D. Johnson
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, Unites States
| | - Scott A. May
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, Unites States
| | - Morgan Rosemeyer
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, Unites States
| | - Michael A. Watkins
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, Unites States
| | - Stanley P. Kolis
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, Unites States
| | - Matthew H. Yates
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, Unites States
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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78
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Kobayashi S. Flow "Fine" Synthesis: High Yielding and Selective Organic Synthesis by Flow Methods. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:425-36. [PMID: 26337828 PMCID: PMC4770433 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of flow "fine" synthesis, that is, high yielding and selective organic synthesis by flow methods, is described. Some examples of flow "fine" synthesis of natural products and APIs are discussed. Flow methods have several advantages over batch methods in terms of environmental compatibility, efficiency, and safety. However, synthesis by flow methods is more difficult than synthesis by batch methods. Indeed, it has been considered that synthesis by flow methods can be applicable for the production of simple gasses but that it is difficult to apply to the synthesis of complex molecules such as natural products and APIs. Therefore, organic synthesis of such complex molecules has been conducted by batch methods. On the other hand, syntheses and reactions that attain high yields and high selectivities by flow methods are increasingly reported. Flow methods are leading candidates for the next generation of manufacturing methods that can mitigate environmental concerns toward sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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79
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Fukuyama T, Tokizane M, Matsui A, Ryu I. A greener process for flow C–H chlorination of cyclic alkanes using in situ generation and on-site consumption of chlorine gas. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-chlorination of C–H bonds by gaseous chlorine in situ generated from HCl and NaOCl proceeded smoothly using a photo microreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Masashi Tokizane
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
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80
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Osako T, Yamada YMA, Uozumi Y. Application of Heterogeneous Polymer-Supported Catalysts to Continuous Flow Systems. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2016. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.74.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Osako
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) and SOKENDAI
| | | | - Yasuhiro Uozumi
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) and SOKENDAI
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
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81
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Ciriminna R, Pandarus V, Béland F, Pagliaro M. Fine chemical syntheses under flow using SiliaCat catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After reviewing selected recent applications from diverse laboratories, we show how mesoporous organosilica-entrapped catalysts of the SiliaCat series have been successfully used for clean manufacturing of APIs in a number of different reactions carried out under laminar flow in microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati
- CNR
- 90146 Palermo
- Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati
- CNR
- 90146 Palermo
- Italy
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82
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Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, Temml V, Wang L, Schwaiger S, Heiss EH, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Bochkov V, Mihovilovic MD, Kopp B, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Stuppner H. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1582-1614. [PMID: 26281720 PMCID: PMC4748402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1312] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with therapeutic potential, and nowadays still represent an important pool for the identification of novel drug leads. In the past decades, pharmaceutical industry focused mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as drug discovery source. They are comparably easy to produce and resupply, and demonstrate good compatibility with established high throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, at the same time there has been a declining trend in the number of new drugs reaching the market, raising renewed scientific interest in drug discovery from natural sources, despite of its known challenges. In this survey, a brief outline of historical development is provided together with a comprehensive overview of used approaches and recent developments relevant to plant-derived natural product drug discovery. Associated challenges and major strengths of natural product-based drug discovery are critically discussed. A snapshot of the advanced plant-derived natural products that are currently in actively recruiting clinical trials is also presented. Importantly, the transition of a natural compound from a "screening hit" through a "drug lead" to a "marketed drug" is associated with increasingly challenging demands for compound amount, which often cannot be met by re-isolation from the respective plant sources. In this regard, existing alternatives for resupply are also discussed, including different biotechnology approaches and total organic synthesis. While the intrinsic complexity of natural product-based drug discovery necessitates highly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, the reviewed scientific developments, recent technological advances, and research trends clearly indicate that natural products will be among the most important sources of new drugs also in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Linder
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wawrosch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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83
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Thompson PBJ, Nguyen BN, Nicholls R, Bourne RA, Brazier JB, Lovelock KRJ, Brown SD, Wermeille D, Bikondoa O, Lucas CA, Hase TPA, Newton MA. X-ray spectroscopy for chemistry in the 2-4 keV energy regime at the XMaS beamline: ionic liquids, Rh and Pd catalysts in gas and liquid environments, and Cl contamination in γ-Al2O3. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1426-1439. [PMID: 26524308 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515016148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The 2-4 keV energy range provides a rich window into many facets of materials science and chemistry. Within this window, P, S, Cl, K and Ca K-edges may be found along with the L-edges of industrially important elements from Y through to Sn. Yet, compared with those that cater for energies above ca. 4-5 keV, there are relatively few resources available for X-ray spectroscopy below these energies. In addition, in situ or operando studies become to varying degrees more challenging than at higher X-ray energies due to restrictions imposed by the lower energies of the X-rays upon the design and construction of appropriate sample environments. The XMaS beamline at the ESRF has recently made efforts to extend its operational energy range to include this softer end of the X-ray spectrum. In this report the resulting performance of this resource for X-ray spectroscopy is detailed with specific attention drawn to: understanding electrostatic and charge transfer effects at the S K-edge in ionic liquids; quantification of dilution limits at the Cl K- and Rh L3-edges and structural equilibria in solution; in vacuum deposition and reduction of [Rh(I)(CO)2Cl]2 to γ-Al2O3; contamination of γ-Al2O3 by Cl and its potential role in determining the chemical character of supported Rh catalysts; and the development of chlorinated Pd catalysts in `green' solvent systems. Sample environments thus far developed are also presented, characterized and their overall performance evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bao N Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | - John B Brazier
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kevin R J Lovelock
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simon D Brown
- XMaS, UK CRG, ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Wermeille
- XMaS, UK CRG, ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Oier Bikondoa
- XMaS, UK CRG, ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Christopher A Lucas
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - Thomas P A Hase
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mark A Newton
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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84
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Aponte-Guzmán J, Shenje R, Huang Y, Woodham WH, Saunders SR, Mostaghimi SM, Flack KR, Pollet P, Eckert CA, Liotta CL, France S. A Tandem, Bicatalytic Continuous Flow Cyclopropanation-Homo-Nazarov-Type Cyclization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Aponte-Guzmán
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Raynold Shenje
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Yong Huang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Wesley H. Woodham
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Steven R. Saunders
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Sina M. Mostaghimi
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Kyle R. Flack
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Pamela Pollet
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Specialty
Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Charles A. Eckert
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
- Specialty
Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Charles L. Liotta
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
- Specialty
Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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85
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Carnero A, Sanghvi YS, Gotor V, Fernández S, Ferrero M. Process Development of Biocatalytic Regioselective 5′-O-Levulinylation of 2′-Deoxynucleosides. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carnero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto
Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Yogesh S. Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802 Crystal
Ridge Road, Encinitas, California 92024-6615, United States
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto
Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Susana Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto
Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Ferrero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto
Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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86
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Zambelli P, Tamborini L, Cazzamalli S, Pinto A, Arioli S, Balzaretti S, Plou FJ, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Molinari F, Conti P, Romano D. An efficient continuous flow process for the synthesis of a non-conventional mixture of fructooligosaccharides. Food Chem 2015. [PMID: 26213017 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable and scalable process for the production of a new mixture of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) was developed using a continuous-flow approach based on an immobilized whole cells-packed bed reactor. The technological transfer from a classical batch system to an innovative flow environment allowed a significant improvement of the productivity. Moreover, the stability of this production system was ascertained by up to 7 days of continuous working. These results suggest the suitability of the proposed method for a large-scale production of the desired FOS mixture, in view of a foreseeable use as a novel prebiotic preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zambelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Samuele Cazzamalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Balzaretti
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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88
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Mándity IM, Ötvös SB, Fülöp F. Strategic Application of Residence-Time Control in Continuous-Flow Reactors. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:212-23. [PMID: 26246983 PMCID: PMC4522171 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a sustainable alternative for conventional batch-based synthetic techniques, the concept of continuous-flow processing has emerged in the synthesis of fine chemicals. Systematic tuning of the residence time, a key parameter of continuous-reaction technology, can govern the outcome of a chemical reaction by determining the reaction rate and the conversion and by influencing the product selectivity. This review furnishes a brief insight into flow reactions in which high chemo- and/or stereoselectivity can be attained by strategic residence-time control and illustrates the importance of the residence time as a crucial parameter in sustainable method development. Such a fine reaction control cannot be performed in conventional batch reaction set-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of SzegedEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of SzegedEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of SciencesEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of SzegedEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of SciencesEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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89
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Wohlgemuth R, Plazl I, Žnidaršič-Plazl P, Gernaey KV, Woodley JM. Microscale technology and biocatalytic processes: opportunities and challenges for synthesis. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:302-14. [PMID: 25836031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the expanding presence of microscale technology in chemical synthesis and energy production as well as in biomedical devices and analytical and diagnostic tools, its potential in biocatalytic processes for pharmaceutical and fine chemicals, as well as related industries, has not yet been fully exploited. The aim of this review is to shed light on the strategic advantages of this promising technology for the development and realization of biocatalytic processes and subsequent product recovery steps, demonstrated with examples from the literature. Constraints, opportunities, and the future outlook for the implementation of these key green engineering methods and the role of supporting tools such as mathematical models to establish sustainable production processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Plazl
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Žnidaršič-Plazl
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- CAPEC-PROCESS Research Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John M Woodley
- CAPEC-PROCESS Research Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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90
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Egle B, Muñoz J, Alonso N, De Borggraeve W, de la Hoz A, Díaz-Ortiz A, Alcázar J. First Example of Alkyl–Aryl Negishi Cross-Coupling in Flow: Mild, Efficient and Clean Introduction of Functionalized Alkyl Groups. J Flow Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-13-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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91
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Brzozowski M, O’Brien M, Ley SV, Polyzos A. Flow chemistry: intelligent processing of gas-liquid transformations using a tube-in-tube reactor. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:349-62. [PMID: 25611216 DOI: 10.1021/ar500359m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: The previous decade has witnessed the expeditious uptake of flow chemistry techniques in modern synthesis laboratories, and flow-based chemistry is poised to significantly impact our approach to chemical preparation. The advantages of moving from classical batch synthesis to flow mode, in order to address the limitations of traditional approaches, particularly within the context of organic synthesis are now well established. Flow chemistry methodology has led to measurable improvements in safety and reduced energy consumption and has enabled the expansion of available reaction conditions. Contributions from our own laboratories have focused on the establishment of flow chemistry methods to address challenges associated with the assembly of complex targets through the development of multistep methods employing supported reagents and in-line monitoring of reaction intermediates to ensure the delivery of high quality target compounds. Recently, flow chemistry approaches have addressed the challenges associated with reactions utilizing reactive gases in classical batch synthesis. The small volumes of microreactors ameliorate the hazards of high-pressure gas reactions and enable improved mixing with the liquid phase. Established strategies for gas-liquid reactions in flow have relied on plug-flow (or segmented flow) regimes in which the gas plugs are introduced to a liquid stream and dissolution of gas relies on interfacial contact of the gas bubble with the liquid phase. This approach confers limited control over gas concentration within the liquid phase and is unsuitable for multistep methods requiring heterogeneous catalysis or solid supported reagents. We have identified the use of a gas-permeable fluoropolymer, Teflon AF-2400, as a simple method of achieving efficient gas-liquid contact to afford homogeneous solutions of reactive gases in flow. The membrane permits the transport of a wide range of gases with significant control of the stoichiometry of reactive gas in a given reaction mixture. We have developed a tube-in-tube reactor device consisting of a pair of concentric capillaries in which pressurized gas permeates through an inner Teflon AF-2400 tube and reacts with dissolved substrate within a liquid phase that flows within a second gas impermeable tube. This Account examines our efforts toward the development of a simple, unified methodology for the processing of gaseous reagents in flow by way of development of a tube-in-tube reactor device and applications to key C-C, C-N, and C-O bond forming and hydrogenation reactions. We further describe the application to multistep reactions using solid-supported reagents and extend the technology to processes utilizing multiple gas reagents. A key feature of our work is the development of computer-aided imaging techniques to allow automated in-line monitoring of gas concentration and stoichiometry in real time. We anticipate that this Account will illustrate the convenience and benefits of membrane tube-in-tube reactor technology to improve and concomitantly broaden the scope of gas/liquid/solid reactions in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brzozowski
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bayview Avenue, Clayton 3168, Victoria Australia
| | - Matthew O’Brien
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories,
School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Anastasios Polyzos
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bayview Avenue, Clayton 3168, Victoria Australia
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92
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Bruneau A, Roche M, Alami M, Messaoudi S. 2-Aminobiphenyl Palladacycles: The “Most Powerful” Precatalysts in C–C and C–Heteroatom Cross-Couplings. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs502011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bruneau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR 8076, 5 rue
J.-B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Maxime Roche
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR 8076, 5 rue
J.-B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR 8076, 5 rue
J.-B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR 8076, 5 rue
J.-B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
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93
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Osako T, Torii K, Uozumi Y. Aerobic flow oxidation of alcohols in water catalyzed by platinum nanoparticles dispersed in an amphiphilic polymer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14947e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various alcohols were aerobically oxidized in an aqueous solution in a continuous-flow reactor containing a platinum nanoparticles dispersed in a polystyrene–poly(ethylene glycol) resin to give the corresponding carbonyl compounds in up to 99% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Osako
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) Myodaiji
- Okazaki
- Japan
| | - Kaoru Torii
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) Myodaiji
- Okazaki
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uozumi
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) Myodaiji
- Okazaki
- Japan
- RIKEN
- Wako
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94
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Finelli FG, Miranda LSM, de Souza ROMA. Expanding the toolbox of asymmetric organocatalysis by continuous-flow process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3708-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08748h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite all the organic chemistry reaction methodologies already developed for the continuous-flow process, asymmetric synthesis is one that has gained less attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G. Finelli
- Institute of Natural Products Research
- Center of Health Sciences
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- CEP 21941902
- Brazil
| | - Leandro S. M. Miranda
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- CEP 21941909
- Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- CEP 21941909
- Brazil
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95
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Müller STR, Wirth T. Diazo compounds in continuous-flow technology. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:245-250. [PMID: 25488620 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diazo compounds are very versatile reagents in organic chemistry and meet the challenge of selective assembly of structurally complex molecules. Their leaving group is dinitrogen; therefore, they are very clean and atom-efficient reagents. However, diazo compounds are potentially explosive and extremely difficult to handle on an industrial scale. In this review, it is discussed how continuous flow technology can help to make these powerful reagents accessible on large scale. Microstructured devices can improve heat transfer greatly and help with the handling of dangerous reagents safely. The in situ formation and subsequent consumption of diazo compounds are discussed along with advances in handling diazomethane and ethyl diazoacetate. The potential large-scale applications of a given methodology is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T R Müller
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT (UK)
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96
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Osako T, Torii K, Tazawa A, Uozumi Y. Continuous-flow hydrogenation of olefins and nitrobenzenes catalyzed by platinum nanoparticles dispersed in an amphiphilic polymer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07563g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous-flow hydrogenation of olefins and nitrobenzenes with ARP-Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Osako
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) and JST-ACCEL
- Okazaki
- Japan
| | - Kaoru Torii
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) and JST-ACCEL
- Okazaki
- Japan
| | - Aya Tazawa
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) and JST-ACCEL
- Okazaki
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uozumi
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) and JST-ACCEL
- Okazaki
- Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
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97
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Oger N, Le Grognec E, Felpin FX. Handling diazonium salts in flow for organic and material chemistry. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diazonium salts and flow chemistry are the perfect wedding for a safe handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Oger
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
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98
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Chen M, Johnson JA. Improving photo-controlled living radical polymerization from trithiocarbonates through the use of continuous-flow techniques. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6742-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01562f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report simple flow reactor designs that enable photo-controlled living radical polymerization (photo-CRP) from trithiocarbonates (TTCs) with significant enhancements in scalability and reaction rates compared to the analogous batch reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge
- USA
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99
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Delville MME, Koch K, van Hest JCM, Rutjes FPJT. Chemoenzymatic flow cascade for the synthesis of protected mandelonitrile derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1634-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02128b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrated two-step chemoenzymatic continuous flow process for the synthesis of protected cyanohydrins from aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaspar Koch
- FutureChemistry B.V
- 6525 EC Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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100
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Deadman BJ, Browne DL, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. Back Pressure Regulation of Slurry-Forming Reactions in Continuous Flow. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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