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Nashine S, Nesburn AB, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) mitochondria modulate epigenetic mechanisms in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107701. [PMID: 31226340 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage and epigenetic modifications have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). This study was designed to investigate the effects of AMD/normal mitochondria on epigenetic regulation in human transmitochondrial retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro. Human RPE cybrid cell lines were created by fusing mitochondria-deficient (Rho0) ARPE-19 cells with platelets obtained from either AMD patients (AMD cybrids) or normal subjects (normal cybrids). Therefore, all cybrids had identical nuclei (derived from ARPE-19 cells) but mitochondria derived from either AMD patients or age-matched normal subjects. AMD cybrids demonstrated increased RNA/protein levels for five methylation-related and four acetylation-related genes, along with lower levels of two methylation and three acetylation genes compared to normal cybrids. Demethylation using 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) led to decreased expression of VEGF-A gene in AMD cells. Trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, also influenced protein levels of VEGF-A, HIF1α, NFκB, and CFH in AMD cells. Our findings suggest that retrograde signaling leads to mitochondria-nucleus interactions that influence the epigenetic status of the RPE cells and this may help in the identification of future potential therapeutic targets for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anthony B Nesburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Abdelaziz M, Watanabe Y, Kato M. PMEPA1/TMEPAI knockout impairs tumour growth and lung metastasis in MDA-MB-231 cells without changing monolayer culture cell growth. J Biochem 2019; 165:411-414. [PMID: 30873542 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate transmembrane protein androgen-induced 1 (PMEPA1)/transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein (TMEPAI), a direct target and a negative regulator of transforming growth factor beta signalling, has an oncogenic role in many cancers. We observed that knockout (KO) of PMEPA1 in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 using a CRISPR-Cas9 system resulted in reduction of in vivo tumour growth and lung metastasis but not of in vitro monolayer growth capacity of these KO cell lines. This phenomenon was associated with PMEPA1 KO-mediated downregulation of the key proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (VEGFA) and interleukin-8 (IL8) that are essential for in vivo but not in vitro growing cells and are also substantial for initiation of lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdelaziz
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Nasr City, Eastern Avenue, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Yukihide Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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53
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Moussa WM. Predictive value of brain edema in preoperative computerized tomography scanning on the recurrence of meningioma. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wael M. Moussa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria University , Egypt
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Duran CL, Abbey CA, Bayless KJ. Establishment of a three-dimensional model to study human uterine angiogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:74-93. [PMID: 29329415 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can primary human uterine microvascular endothelial cells (UtMVECs) be used as a model to study uterine angiogenic responses in vitro that are relevant in pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER UtMVECs demonstrated angiogenic responses when stimulated with proangiogenic factors, including sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), physiological levels of wall shear stress (WSS), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and various combinations of estrogen and progesterone. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY During sprouting angiogenesis, signaling from growth factors and cytokines induces a monolayer of quiescent endothelial cells (ECs) lining the vasculature to degrade the extracellular matrix and invade the surrounding tissue to form new capillaries. During pregnancy and the female reproductive cycle, the uterine endothelium becomes activated and undergoes sprouting angiogenesis to increase the size and number of blood vessels in the endometrium. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study was designed to examine the angiogenic potential of primary human UtMVECs using the well-characterized human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) line as a control to compare angiogenic potential. ECs were seeded onto three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices, supplemented with known proangiogenic stimuli relevant to pregnancy and allowed to invade for 24 h. Sprouting responses were analyzed using manual and automated methods for quantification. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and immunostaining were used to characterize UtMVECs. Angiogenic responses were examined using 3D invasion assays. Western blotting was used to confirm signaling responses after proangiogenic lipid, pharmacological inhibitor, and recombinant lentiviral treatments. All experiments were repeated at least three times. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After ensuring that UtMVECs expressed the proper endothelial markers, we found that UtMVECs invade 3D collagen matrices dose-dependently in response to known proangiogenic stimuli (e.g. S1P, VEGF, bFGF, hCG, estrogen, progesterone and WSS) present during early pregnancy. Invasion responses were positively correlated with phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK). Inhibition of these second messengers significantly impaired sprouting (P < 0.01). Gene silencing of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase using multiple approaches completely abrogated sprouting (P < 0.001). Finally, UtMVECs displayed a unique ability to undergo sprouting in response to hCG, and combined estrogen and progesterone treatment. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study of uterine angiogenesis in vitro has limitations and any findings many not fully represent the in vivo state. However, these experiments do provide evidence for the ability of UtMVECs to be used in functional sprouting assays in a 3D environment, stimulated by physiological factors that are produced locally within the uterus during early pregnancy. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We show that UtMVECs can be used reliably to investigate how growth factors, hormones, lipids and other factors, such as flow, affect angiogenesis in the uterus. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by NIH award HL095786 to K.J.B. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 440 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2128, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Colette A Abbey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 440 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 440 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2128, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Interdisciplinary Faculty of Reproductive Biology, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2471, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Penet MF, Krishnamachary B, Wildes FB, Mironchik Y, Hung CF, Wu TC, Bhujwalla ZM. Ascites Volumes and the Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2018; 8:595. [PMID: 30619738 PMCID: PMC6304435 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy among women in developed countries. Epithelial ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis, due to the aggressive characteristics of the disease combined with the lack of effective therapies. Options for late-stage ovarian cancer are limited and invasive, especially once malignant ascites develops. Malignant ascites, a complication observed in terminal ovarian cancer, significantly contributes to poor quality of life and to mortality. Excess accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity occurs due to a combination of impaired fluid drainage and increased net filtration, mostly due to increasing intraperitoneal vascular permeability. Here we applied non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of syngeneic mouse tumors in vivo, and high-resolution 1H MRS of mouse tumor extracts, to characterize the relationship between ascites volumes and the vasculature and metabolism of an experimental model of ovarian cancer. Differences were observed in the tumor vasculature and metabolism in tumors based on ascites volumes that provide new insights into the development of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Flonné B Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - T C Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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56
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de Molon RS, Magalhaes-Tunes FS, Semedo CV, Furlan RG, de Souza LGL, de Souza Faloni AP, Marcantonio E, Faeda RS. A randomized clinical trial evaluating maxillary sinus augmentation with different particle sizes of demineralized bovine bone mineral: histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 48:810-823. [PMID: 30442550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate sinus floor augmentation with two different particle sizes of demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) by means of histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving 10 individuals requiring two-stage bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation for implant installation. The patients were randomly divided into two groups following a split-mouth design: the maxillary sinus on one side was filled with small-sized particles (0.25-1mm) and on the contralateral side with large-sized particles (1-2mm). After a healing period of 8 months, 25 implants were placed. During implant site preparation, bone biopsies were obtained from each sinus, perpendicular to the long axis of the implant (buccal-palatal direction), for descriptive and histomorphometric analyses. IHC staining for protein expression of osteocalcin (OCN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was also performed. Histomorphometric analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the percentage of biomaterial (32.4±8.56% and 38.0±6.92%), newly formed bone (36.1±9.60% and 36.7±5.79%), or connective tissue (30.4±8.63% and 23.8±6.16%) between the small- and large-sized particle groups, respectively. IHC analysis did not reveal differences in the expression of OCN, VEGF, or TRAP. These findings suggest that both particle sizes of DBBM are effective for bone augmentation in the maxillary sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S de Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F S Magalhaes-Tunes
- Department of Health Sciences, Implantology Post Graduation Course, University Centre of Araraquara - UNIARA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C V Semedo
- Department of Health Sciences, Implantology Post Graduation Course, University Centre of Araraquara - UNIARA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R G Furlan
- Department of Health Sciences, Implantology Post Graduation Course, University Centre of Araraquara - UNIARA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L G L de Souza
- Department of Health Sciences, Implantology Post Graduation Course, University Centre of Araraquara - UNIARA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A P de Souza Faloni
- Department of Health Sciences, Implantology Post Graduation Course, University Centre of Araraquara - UNIARA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Marcantonio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R S Faeda
- Department of Health Sciences, Implantology Post Graduation Course, University Centre of Araraquara - UNIARA, São Paulo, Brazil
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57
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The associations between serum vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 4 with the markers of blood-brain barrier breakdown in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 126:149-158. [PMID: 30374596 PMCID: PMC6373237 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical step in paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) development. Several cytokines have been implicated in BBB breakdown. However, the exact step-by-step mechanism in which PNS develops is unknown, and the relationship between a systemic neoplasm and BBB is multilevel. The aim of the present study was to examine serum markers of BBB breakdown (S100B protein, neuron-specific enolase, NSE) and concentrations of proinflammatory (TNF-alpha, VEGF) and anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-4), and to establish their interrelationship in patients with PNS. We analyzed 84 patients seropositive for onconeural antibodies that originated from a cohort of 250 cases with suspected PNS. Onconeural antibodies were estimated with indirect immunofluorescence and confirmed with Western blotting. Serum S-100B was estimated using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. NSE, VEGF, TNF-alpha and IL-4 were analyzed with ELISA. We found that S-100B protein and NSE serum concentrations were elevated in PNS patients without diagnosed malignancy, and S-100B additionally in patients with peripheral nervous system manifestation of PNS. Serum VEGF levels showed several abnormalities, including a decrease in anti-Hu positive patients and increase in PNS patients with typical manifestation and/or central nervous system involvement. Increase in TNF-alpha was observed in patients with undetermined antibodies. To conclude, the presence of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome in seropositive patients does not affect serum markers of BBB breakdown, with the exception of the group without clinically demonstrated malignancy and patients with peripheral manifestation of PNS. S-100B and NSE might increase during early phase of PNS. VEGF may be involved in typical PNS pathophysiology.
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58
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Görük NY, Deveci E. Immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and B-cell lymphoma 2 in the uterine tissue of rats treated with melatonin in the estrus phase1. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 33:629-640. [PMID: 30110064 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180070000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of melatonin on uterine tissue in the ovariectomized rat model. METHODS Fourty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups for histologic and immunohistochemical examination. The rats were first numbered randomly and then randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control (group 1), torsion (group 2), torsion+detorsion (group 3) and torsion+detorsion+melatonin (group 4) groups. In addition, four Wistar albino rats were used for western blot analysis in each group. And also, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured biochemically in all rats. RESULTS The histopathological examination of the uterine tissue in rats ovarectomized showed a degeneration in uterine glands, dilation of blood vessels in the internal layer with a thrombosis and bleeding, abnormal nucleuses and vacuolated cytoplasm above and below the nucleus. In torsion group, the apoptotic cells increased in luminal epithelium and gland cells. In the melatonin group showed that the Bcl2 negative effect on the uterine epithelium and did not lead to apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION The increase in vascular endothelial growth factor expression resulted in the rearrangement of endothelial cell growth and the induction of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neval Yaman Görük
- MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey. Conception and design of the study, technical procedures, manuscript writing, critical revision
| | - Engin Deveci
- PhD, Professor, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey. Conception and design of the study, technical procedures, histological examinations, manuscript writing, critical revision
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Kuznetsov MB, Kolobov AV. Transient alleviation of tumor hypoxia during first days of antiangiogenic therapy as a result of therapy-induced alterations in nutrient supply and tumor metabolism - Analysis by mathematical modeling. J Theor Biol 2018; 451:86-100. [PMID: 29705492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of experiments on mouse tumor models, as well as certain clinical data, have demonstrated, that antiangiogenic therapy can lead to transient improvement in tumor oxygenation, that allows to increase efficiency of following radiotherapy. In the majority of works, this phenomenon has been explained by enhanced tumor perfusion due to normalization of capillaries' structure, that results in elevated oxygen inflow in tumor. However, changes in tumor perfusion often haven't been directly measured in relevant works, moreover, antiangiogenic therapy has been proven to have ambiguous effect on tumor perfusion both in mouse tumor models and in clinics. Herein, we suggest that elevation of blood perfusion may be not the only reason for transient alleviation of tumor hypoxia, and that it may manifest itself even under unchanged tumor blood flow. We propose that it may be as well caused by the decrease in tumor oxygen consumption rate (OCR) due to the reduction of tumor proliferation level, caused by nutrient shortage in result of antiangiogenic treatment. We provide detailed explanation of this hypothesis and visualize it using a specially developed mathematical model, which takes into account basic features of tumor growth and antiangiogenic therapy. We investigate the influence of the model parameters on oxygen dynamics; demonstrate, that transient alleviation of tumor hypoxia occurs in a fairly wide range of physiologically justified values of parameters; and point out the major factors, that determine oxygen dynamics during antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim B Kuznetsov
- Division of Theoretical Physics, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Kolobov
- Division of Theoretical Physics, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russia; Working group on modeling of blood flow and vascular pathologies, Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Gubkin str., Moscow 119333, Russia
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60
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Counterbalance: modulation of VEGF/VEGFR activities by TNFSF15. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:21. [PMID: 30101034 PMCID: PMC6085396 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability occurs in angiogenesis and several pathobiological conditions, producing elevated interstitial fluid pressure and lymphangiogenesis. How these closely related events are modulated is a fundamentally important question regarding the maintenance of vascular homeostasis and treatment of disease conditions such as cancer, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Signals mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, noticeably VEGFR-1, −2, and −3, are centrally involved in the promotion of both blood vessel and lymphatic vessel growth. These signaling pathways are counterbalanced or, in the case of VEGFR3, augmented by signals induced by tumor necrosis factor superfamily-15 (TNFSF15). TNFSF15 can simultaneously downregulate membrane-bound VEGFR1 and upregulate soluble VEGFR1, thus changing VEGF/VEGFR1 signals from pro-angiogenic to anti-angiogenic. In addition, TNFSF15 inhibits VEGF-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation, thereby curbing VEGFR2-mediated enhancement of vascular permeability. Third, and perhaps more interestingly, TNFSF15 is capable of stimulating VEGFR3 gene expression in lymphatic endothelial cells, thus augmenting VEGF-C/D-VEGFR3-facilitated lymphangiogenesis. We discuss the intertwining relationship between the actions of TNFSF15 and VEGF in this review. The ability of tumor necrosis factor superfamily-15 (TNFSF15) protein to balance the actions of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) highlights new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseases that disrupt the circulatory system. Gui-Li Yang at the Tianjin Neurological Institute and Lu-Yuan Li at Nankai University describe the mechanisms through which TNFSF15 inhibits blood vessel growth mediated by VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR1) and counterbalances the increase in vascular permeability mediated by VEGFR2. Interestingly, TNFSF15 enhances the effects of VEGFR3 on the formation of lymphatic vessels by promoting VEGFR3 gene expression in lymphatic endothelial cells. Further research will determine whether TNFSF15′s unique capacity to regulate the properties of both blood and lymph vessels can be harnessed to improve the treatment of conditions such as cancer, stroke, myocardial infarction and lymphoedema.
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Chellappan DK, Leng KH, Jia LJ, Aziz NABA, Hoong WC, Qian YC, Ling FY, Wei GS, Ying T, Chellian J, Gupta G, Dua K. The role of bevacizumab on tumour angiogenesis and in the management of gynaecological cancers: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:1127-1144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Angiogenesis in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia assessed by VEGF and CD-34 IHC: A comparative clinico-pathological study. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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63
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Venkat B, Sharma S, Sharma D, Sood S, Aggarwal N, Sarkar M, Seam RK, Mittal N, Rana L. CT perfusion in non-small cell lung cancers for assessing treatment response, monitoring treatment and predicting prognosis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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64
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Endothelial Akt1 loss promotes prostate cancer metastasis via β-catenin-regulated tight-junction protein turnover. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1464-1475. [PMID: 29755115 PMCID: PMC5988746 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer research, in general, is focused on targeting tumour cells to limit tumour growth. These studies, however, do not account for the specific effects of chemotherapy on tumour endothelium, in turn, affecting metastasis. Methods We determined how endothelial deletion of Akt1 promotes prostate cancer cell invasion in vitro and metastasis to the lungs in vivo in endothelial-specific Akt1 knockdown mice. Results Here we show that metastatic human PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells invade through Akt1-deficient human lung endothelial cell (HLEC) monolayer with higher efficiency compared to control HLEC. Although the endothelial Akt1 loss in mice had no significant effect on RM1 tumour xenograft growth in vivo, it promoted metastasis to the lungs compared to the wild-type mice. Mechanistically, Akt1-deficient endothelial cells exhibited increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of phosphorylated β-catenin, and reduced expression of tight-junction proteins claudin-5, ZO-1 and ZO-2. Pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin nuclear translocation using compounds ICG001 and IWR-1 restored HLEC tight-junction integrity and inhibited prostate cancer cell transendothelial migration in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Conclusions Here we show for the first time that endothelial-specific loss of Akt1 promotes cancer metastasis in vivo involving β-catenin pathway.
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Doak GR, Schwertfeger KL, Wood DK. Distant Relations: Macrophage Functions in the Metastatic Niche. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:445-459. [PMID: 29860988 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are known contributors of tumor progression in the primary tumor via multiple mechanisms. However, recent studies have demonstrated the ability of macrophages to promote secondary tumor development by inhibiting tumoricidal immune response, initiating angiogenesis, remodeling the local matrix, and directly communicating with cancer cells. In this review, we discuss macrophage functions in establishing distant metastases including formation of the premetastatic niche, extravasation of circulating cancer cells, and colonization of secondary metastases. A more thorough understanding of metastasis-associated macrophages and their associated mechanisms of metastatic progression may lead to novel therapeutic intervention to prevent further metastatic development and tumor reseeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneva R Doak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - David K Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Mizutani H, Inatomi Y, Singu T, Nakajima M, Yonehara T, Ando Y. [Embolic stroke immediately after initial administration of intravitreal aflibercept]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018; 58:314-319. [PMID: 29710026 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of right upper limb monoplegia 8 hours after the initial intravitreal injection of aflibercept, which is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor. Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted images showed recent ischemic lesions in the left corona radiata and the right superior frontal gyrus. Laboratory findings showed mild hyperfibrinolysis. A patent foramen ovale was diagnosed on transesophageal echocardiography; however, lower-extremity ultrasonography did not detect deep vein thrombosis. The source of embolism remained unknown. A possible mechanism of cerebral emboli in the present case was a rapidly induced hypercoagulative state due to transfer of aflibercept from the vitreous body to the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Mizutani
- Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Takaomi Singu
- Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital
| | - Makoto Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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The tyrosine-kinase inhibitor sunitinib targets vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin: a marker of response to antitumoural treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1179-1188. [PMID: 29563634 PMCID: PMC5943344 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an endothelial cell-specific protein responsible for endothelium integrity. Its adhesive properties are regulated by post-translational processing, such as tyrosine phosphorylation at site Y685 in its cytoplasmic domain, and cleavage of its extracellular domain (sVE). In hormone-refractory metastatic breast cancer, we recently demonstrated that sVE levels correlate to poor survival. In the present study, we determine whether kidney cancer therapies had an effect on VE-cadherin structural modifications and their clinical interest to monitor patient outcome. Methods The effects of kidney cancer biotherapies were tested on an endothelial monolayer model mimicking the endothelium lining blood vessels and on a homotypic and heterotypic 3D cell model mimicking tumour growth. sVE was quantified by ELISA in renal cell carcinoma patients initiating sunitinib (48 patients) or bevacizumab (83 patients) in the first-line metastatic setting (SUVEGIL and TORAVA trials). Results Human VE-cadherin is a direct target for sunitinib which inhibits its VEGF-induced phosphorylation and cleavage on endothelial monolayer and endothelial cell migration in the 3D model. The tumour cell environment modulates VE-cadherin functions through MMPs and VEGF. We demonstrate the presence of soluble VE-cadherin in the sera of mRCC patients (n = 131) which level at baseline, is higher than in a healthy donor group (n = 96). Analysis of sVE level after 4 weeks of treatment showed that a decrease in sVE level discriminates the responders vs. non-responders to sunitinib, but not bevacizumab. Conclusions These data highlight the interest for the sVE bioassay in future follow-up of cancer patients treated with targeted therapies such as tyrosine-kinase inhibitors.
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Liang H, Xiao J, Zhou Z, Wu J, Ge F, Li Z, Zhang H, Sun J, Li F, Liu R, Chen C. Hypoxia induces miR-153 through the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway to fine tune the HIF1α/VEGFA axis in breast cancer angiogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:1961-1975. [PMID: 29367761 PMCID: PMC5895606 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that hypoxia activates the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) axis to promote angiogenesis in breast cancer. However, it is unclear how this axis is negatively regulated. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-153 directly inhibits expression of HIF1α by binding to the 3′UTR of HIF1A mRNA, as well as suppresses tube formation of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and breast cancer angiogenesis by decreasing the secretion of VEGFA. Importantly, expression of miR-153 was induced by hypoxia-stimulated ER stress, which activates IRE1α and its downstream transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). X-box binding protein 1 directly binds to the promoter of the miR-153 host gene PTPRN and activates transcription. These results indicate that hypoxia induces miR-153 to fine tune the HIF1α/VEGFA axis in breast cancer angiogenesis and miR-153 could be used for breast cancer anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Medical Faculty of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of the Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Translational Medicine Center of Stem Cells, 307-lvy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Medical Faculty of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fubing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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Spence GM, Graham ANJ, Mulholland K, McAllister I, Sloan JM, Armstrong MA, Campbell FC, McGuigan JA. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in Serum and Plasma following Esophageal Cancer Resection - Relationship to Platelet Count. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 17:119-24. [PMID: 12113578 DOI: 10.1177/172460080201700207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In patients with cancer circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be tumor-derived and have prognostic significance. Activated platelets may also be a source of VEGF, releasing it in serum formation. Debate exists as to whether serum or plasma VEGF (S-VEGF, P-VEGF) is the most appropriate surrogate marker of tumor angiogenesis. As healing wounds produce VEGF that can spill over into the circulation, we aimed to investigate the potential confounding effects of cancer surgery on both perioperative S-VEGF and P-VEGF levels and to evaluate their relationship with platelet count. S-VEGF, P-VEGF and platelet counts were measured in 23 patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection. Samples were taken preoperatively and six weeks following surgery. Seven patients were also sampled on postoperative days 1, 5 and 10. VEGF was assayed using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. S-VEGF and P-VEGF both rose after surgery (S-VEGF; day 5: 1017 [446–1224] pg/mL and day 10: 1231 [626–2046] pg/mL versus pre-op: 329 [189–599] pg/mL. P-VEGF; day 1: 55 [46–104] pg/mL and day 10: 58 [20–154] pg/mL versus pre-op: 23 [13–46] pg/mL), falling towards pre-operative levels by six weeks. Platelet count correlated with S-VEGF (rho=0.281; p<0.05, Spearman's rank) and P-VEGF (rho=0.330; p<0.01, Spearman's rank). Platelets may contribute to VEGF levels in plasma as well as in serum. The effects of surgery on S-VEGF or P-VEGF levels are mainly transient. Care must be exercised when interpreting circulating VEGF levels in the early postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Spence
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, N. Ireland.
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70
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Uhl CG, Muzykantov VR, Liu Y. Biomimetic microfluidic platform for the quantification of transient endothelial monolayer permeability and therapeutic transport under mimicked cancerous conditions. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:014101. [PMID: 29333203 PMCID: PMC5750053 DOI: 10.1063/1.5000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic delivery from microvasculature to cancerous sites is influenced by many factors including endothelial permeability, vascular flow rates/pressures, cancer secretion of cytokines and permeabilizing agents, and characteristics of the chosen therapeutics. This work uses bi-layer microfluidics capable of studying dye and therapeutic transport from a simulated vessel to a cancerous region while allowing for direct visualization and quantification of endothelial permeability. 2.5 to 13 times greater dye transport was observed when utilizing small dye sizes (FITC) when compared to larger molecules (FITC-Dextran 4 kDa and FITC-Dextran 70 kDa), respectively. The use of lower flow rates/pressures is shown to improve dye transport by factors ranging from 2.5 to 5 times, which result from increased dye diffusion times within the system. Furthermore, subjecting confluent endothelial monolayers to cancerous cells resulted in increased levels of vascular permeability. Situations of cancer induced increases in vascular permeability are shown to facilitate enhanced dye transport when compared to non-diseased endothelial monolayers. Subsequent introduction of paclitaxel or doxorubicin into the system was shown to kill cancerous cells resulting in the recovery of endothelial confluency overtime. The response of endothelial cells to paclitaxel and doxorubicin is quantified to understand the direct influence of anti-cancer therapeutics on endothelial growth and permeability. Introduction of therapeutics into the system showed the recovery of endothelial confluency and dye transport back to conditions experienced prior to cancer cell introduction after 120 h of continuous treatment. Overall, the system has been utilized to show that therapeutic transport to cancerous sites depends on the size of the chosen therapeutic, the flow rate/pressure established within the vasculature, and the degree of cancer induced endothelial permeability. In addition, treatment of the cancerous region has been demonstrated with anti-cancer therapeutics, which are shown to influence vascular permeability in direct (therapeutics themselves) and indirect (death of cancer cells) manners. Lastly, the system presented in this work is believed to function as a versatile testing platform for future anti-cancer therapeutic testing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Nakamura N, Matsui T, Ishibashi Y, Sotokawauchi A, Fukami K, Higashimoto Y, Yamagishi SI. RAGE-aptamer Attenuates the Growth and Liver Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma in Nude Mice. Mol Med 2017; 23:295-306. [PMID: 29387865 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested the link between cumulative diabetic exposure and cancer. Interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with their receptor (RAGE) may contribute to the phenomenon. We examined here the effects of DNA aptamer raised against RAGE (RAGE-aptamer) on growth and liver metastasis of G361 melanoma in nude mice. Malignant melanoma cells were intradermally injected into the upper flank region of nude mice, which received continuous administration of RAGE-aptamer (38.4 pmol/day/g body weight) or vehicle intraperitoneally by an osmotic pump up to 42 days. RAGE-aptamer significantly reduced levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine, AGEs, RAGE, proliferating nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and CD31 and Mac-3, respective markers of endothelial cells and macrophages in tumors of nude mice and suppressed the proliferation and liver metastasis of malignant melanoma. Furthermore, RAGE-aptamer attenuated the AGE-induced oxidative stress generation, proliferation, and VEGF and MCP-1 gene expression in both G361 melanoma cells and endothelial cells. The present findings suggest that RAGE-aptamer could attenuate melanoma growth and liver metastasis in nude mice by suppressing the tumor angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration via inhibition of the AGE-RAGE system. RAGE-aptamer may be a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Nakamura
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishibashi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ami Sotokawauchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kei Fukami
- Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Restin T, Kajdi ME, Schläpfer M, Roth Z’graggen B, Booy C, Dumrese C, Beck-Schimmer B. Sevoflurane protects rat brain endothelial barrier structure and function after hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184973. [PMID: 29023577 PMCID: PMC5638245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After cerebral injury blood-brain barrier disruption significantly impairs brain homeostasis. Volatile anesthetics have been shown to be protective in ischemia-reperfusion injury scenarios. Their impact on brain endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) has not yet been studied in detail. Methods Rat brain endothelial cells (RBE4) were exposed to severe hypoxia and reoxygenated in air in the presence or absence of sevoflurane. Changes in dextran permeability and architecture of the cellular junctional proteins ZO-1 and β-catenin were measured. To determine necrosis and apoptosis rate DNA content, LDH release and caspase activity were quantified. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as an inflammatory mediator increasing vascular permeability was assessed. At the same time, it was evaluated if sevoflurane effects are mediated through VEGF. Results were analyzed by unpaired t-tests or one way-analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni’s correction. Results H/R led to a 172% increase in permeability (p<0.001), cell swelling and qualitatively but not quantitatively modified expression of ZO-1, β-catenin and F-actin. In the presence of sevoflurane during reoxygenation, barrier function improved by 96% (p = 0.042) in parallel to a decrease of the cell size and less re-arranged junction proteins and F-actin. Sevoflurane-induced improvement of the barrier function could not be explained on the level of necrosis or apoptosis as they remained unchanged independent of the presence or absence of the volatile anesthetic. Increased expression of VEGF after H/R was attenuated by sevoflurane by 34% (p = 0.004). Barrier protection provided by sevoflurane was similar to the application of a blocking VEGF-antibody. Furthermore, the protective effect of sevoflurane was abolished in the presence of recombinant VEGF. Conclusions In H/R-induced rat brain endothelial cell injury sevoflurane maintains endothelial barrier function through downregulation of VEGF, which is a key player not only in mediating injury, but also with regard to the protective effect of sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Restin
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Kajdi
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schläpfer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Roth Z’graggen
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christa Booy
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Dumrese
- Flow Cytometry Facility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Beck-Schimmer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Huang H, Ding QL, Zhu HF, Yang DF. Roles of TGF-β signaling pathway in endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:699-704. [PMID: 29058282 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of signaling pathway in the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in endothelial cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and divided into 3 groups: CSE-stimulated group, CSE-stimulated with 4-PBA group, and negative control group. HUVECs were cultured and stimulated with CSE at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20%, respectively, mRNA of CXCL-8 and GRP78 was detected by real-time PCR. ELISA was performed to test the expression of CXCL-8 protein, and neutrophils migration was detected by Transwell board test. The NF-κB, ERK, p38MAPK and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA of CXCL-8 and GRP78 increased in CSE-stimulated HUVECs (P<0.05). Furthermore, it was concentration-dependent. 4-PBA significantly reduced the expression of CXCL-8 protein (P<0.05) and neutrophil migration (P<0.05). The TGF-β, rather than the NF-κB, ERK and P38MAPK pathway might be involved in ER stress stimulated by CSE. CSE induced neutrophils migration by increasing the expression of CXCL-8 in endothelial cells. ER stress might play a role in the effect of neutrophils migration stimulated with CSE, and TGF-β pathway may contribute to the ER stress in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiu-Li Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Hui-Fen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dao-Feng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its role in progression and prognosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Genet 2017; 216-217:67-73. [PMID: 29025597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated VEGF mRNA (-ΔCT) was significantly associated with adenocarcinoma histology (vs squamous) and advanced NSCLC clinical stages in a univariable analysis; however, this association did not remain significant in the multivariable analysis. Of interest, a Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that NSCLC patients with higher VEGF mRNA (-ΔCT ≥10) had a significantly poorer overall survival and shorter postoperative relapse time in adenocarcinoma and in stage III/IV than those with VEGF mRNA of -ΔCT <10 (P < 0.001). The multivariable analysis confirmed that patients with higher VEGF mRNA levels, as well as with adenocarcinoma and advanced stages, were independent predictors of a poorer survival. However, only the histology of adenocarcinoma remained a significant prognostic factor of a shorter postoperative relapse in the multivariable model. Quantity of VEGF mRNA can be used as a prognosis factor to predict shorter overall survival in patients with NSCLC.
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Sun Y, Chen M, Mao B, Cheng X, Zhang X, Xu C. Association between vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphism and recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 211:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cerezo AB, Hornedo-Ortega R, Álvarez-Fernández MA, Troncoso AM, García-Parrilla MC. Inhibition of VEGF-Induced VEGFR-2 Activation and HUVEC Migration by Melatonin and Other Bioactive Indolic Compounds. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030249. [PMID: 28282869 PMCID: PMC5372912 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) trigger angiogenesis, which causes complications such as the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and increased growth of tumors. This work focuses on the determination of the inhibitory activity of melatonin and other indolic related compounds on VEGF-induced VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) activation and an approximation to the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition. Quantification of phosphorylated VEGFR-2 was measured by ELISA. Migration wound-healing assay was used to determine cell migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This is the first time that melatonin, 3-indolacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophol, and serotonin are proved to significantly inhibit VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and subsequent angiogenesis. 3-Indolacetic acid showed the highest inhibitory effect (IC50 value of 0.9704 mM), followed by 5-hydroxytryptophol (35% of inhibition at 0.1 mM), melatonin (30% of inhibition at 1 mM), and serotonin (24% of inhibition at 1 mM). An approximation to the molecular mechanism of the inhibition has been proposed, suggesting that indolic compounds might interact with the cell surface components of the endothelial membrane in a way that prevents VEGF from activating the receptor. Additionally, wound-healing assay revealed that exposure of HUVECs to melatonin and 3-indolacetic acid in the presence of VEGF significantly inhibited cell migration by 87% and 99%, respectively, after 24 h. These data demonstrate that melatonin, 3-indolacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophol, and serotonin would be good molecules for future exploitation as anti-VEGF signaling agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Cerezo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/P. García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ruth Hornedo-Ortega
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/P. García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - M Antonia Álvarez-Fernández
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/P. García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ana M Troncoso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/P. García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - M Carmen García-Parrilla
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/P. García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Yang GL, Zhao Z, Qin TT, Wang D, Chen L, Xiang R, Xi Z, Jiang R, Zhang ZS, Zhang J, Li LY. TNFSF15 inhibits VEGF-stimulated vascular hyperpermeability by inducing VEGFR2 dephosphorylation. FASEB J 2017; 31:2001-2012. [PMID: 28183800 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600800r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability is critical in ischemic diseases, including stroke and myocardial infarction, as well as in inflammation and cancer. It is well known that the VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathways are pivotal in promoting vascular permeability; however, counterbalancing mechanisms that restrict vascular permeability to maintain the integrity of blood vessels are not yet fully understood. We report that TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), a cytokine largely produced by vascular endothelial cells and a specific inhibitor of the proliferation of these same cells, can inhibit VEGF-induced vascular permeability in vitro and in vivo, and that death receptor 3 (DR3), a cell surface receptor of TNFSF15, mediates TNFSF15-induced dephosphorylation of VEGFR2. Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) becomes associated with DR3 upon TNFSF15 interaction with the latter. In addition, a protein complex consisting of VEGFR2, DR3, and SHP-1 is formed in response to the effects of TNFSF15 and VEGF on endothelial cells. It is plausible that this protein complex provides a structural basis for the molecular mechanism in which TNFSF15 induces the inhibition of VEGF-stimulated vascular hyperpermeability.-Yang, G.-L., Zhao, Z., Qin, T.-T., Wang, D., Chen, L., Xiang, R., Xi, Z., Jiang, R., Zhang, Z.-S., Zhang, J., Li. L.-Y. TNFSF15 inhibits VEGF-stimulated vascular hyperpermeability by inducing VEGFR2 dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Ting-Ting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nankai University, and
| | - Zhen Xi
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research,
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Lu-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research,
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Schrand B, Verma B, Levay A, Patel S, Castro I, Benaduce AP, Brenneman R, Umland O, Yagita H, Gilboa E, Ishkanian A. Radiation-Induced Enhancement of Antitumor T-cell Immunity by VEGF-Targeted 4-1BB Costimulation. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1310-1321. [PMID: 28082399 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy can elicit systemic immune control of local tumors and distant nonirradiated tumor lesions, known as the abscopal effect. Although this effect is enhanced using checkpoint blockade or costimulatory antibodies, objective responses remain suboptimal. As radiotherapy can induce secretion of VEGF and other stress products in the tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that targeting immunomodulatory drugs to such products will not only reduce toxicity but also broaden the scope of tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Using an oligonucleotide aptamer platform, we show that radiation-induced VEGF-targeted 4-1BB costimulation potentiated both local tumor control and abscopal responses with equal or greater efficiency than 4-1BB, CTLA-4, or PD1 antibodies alone. Although 4-1BB and CTLA-4 antibodies elicited organ-wide inflammatory responses and tissue damage, VEGF-targeted 4-1BB costimulation produced no observable toxicity. These findings suggest that radiation-induced tumor-targeted immunotherapy can improve the therapeutic index and extend the reach of immunomodulatory agents. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1310-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Schrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Bhavna Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Agata Levay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Shradha Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Iris Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ana Paula Benaduce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Randall Brenneman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Adrian Ishkanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
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79
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Vascular endothelial growth factor in diagnosis of pleural effusion. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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80
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Oda K, Iwamoto Y, Tsukada K. Simultaneous mapping of unevenly distributed tissue hypoxia and vessel permeability in tumor microenvironment. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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81
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Tang N, Shi L, Yu Z, Dong P, Wang C, Huo X, Zhang B, Huang S, Deng S, Liu K, Ma T, Wang X, Wu L, Ma XC. Gamabufotalin, a major derivative of bufadienolide, inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis by suppressing VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3533-47. [PMID: 26657289 PMCID: PMC4823125 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamabufotalin (CS-6), a main active compound isolated from Chinese medicine Chansu, has been shown to strongly inhibit cancer cell growth and inflammatory response. However, its effects on angiogenesis have not been known yet. Here, we sought to determine the biological effects of CS-6 on signaling mechanisms during angiogenesis. Our present results fully demonstrate that CS-6 could significantly inhibit VEGF triggered HUVECs proliferation, migration, invasion and tubulogenesis in vitro and blocked vascularization in Matrigel plugs impregnated in C57/BL6 mice as well as reduced vessel density in human lung tumor xenograft implanted in nude mice. Computer simulations revealed that CS-6 interacted with the ATP-binding sites of VEGFR-2 using molecular docking. Furthermore, western blot analysis indicated that CS-6 inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 kinase and suppressed the activity of VEGFR-2-mediated signaling cascades. Therefore, our studies demonstrated that CS-6 inhibited angiogenesis by inhibiting the activation of VEGFR-2 signaling pathways and CS-6 could be a potential candidate in angiogenesis-related disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Peipei Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital, Dalian, China
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82
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Tarkowski W, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Młocicki D. Do Demodex mites play a role in pterygium development? Med Hypotheses 2016; 98:6-10. [PMID: 28012607 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reports point to Demodex mites as the aetiology of certain eye and skin conditions, hence it is highly probable that infestation with these mites may also play a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of pterygium. Therefore here we present a hypothesis: whether the presence of Demodex mites in eyelash hair follicles significantly correlates with the presence of pterygia, which could point to a potential role of these mites in the development of such lesions. We present preliminary data for supporting this hypothesis. These results were collected from a group of 69 subjects, including 39 with pterygium. Subjects were studied for the presence of Demodex folliculorum and/or D. brevis within eyelash follicles. The sample was defined as positive if at least one parasite, larva or egg were present. Preliminary statistical analyses were performed, and indicated a significant relationship between Demodex mite infestation and the presence of pterygium (p<0.05). This suggests that demodicosis could be one of the factors causing pterygium and significantly contribute to its development. Subjects who had both pterygium and Demodex infestation formed a dominant group. The proportion of subjects with both pterygia and Demodex presence is high at 93.33%, while the proportion of subjects without pterygia who have mites is low at 20.51%. Aforementioned results support our working hypothesis that infestation with Demodex mites may result in pterygium development and therefore patients diagnosed with pterygium should be assessed for the presence of Demodex to verify our preliminary results. In the present paper, we discuss potential influence of Demodex on conjunctiva and propose a hypothetical pathological mechanism linking the development of pterygia with demodicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Tarkowski
- Medical Centre KOL-MED SP ZOZ, Plac Dworcowy 6, 33-100 Tarnow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Moneta-Wielgoś
- Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Młocicki
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland.
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83
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Linke F, Harenberg M, Nietert MM, Zaunig S, von Bonin F, Arlt A, Szczepanowski M, Weich HA, Lutz S, Dullin C, Janovská P, Krafčíková M, Trantírek L, Ovesná P, Klapper W, Beissbarth T, Alves F, Bryja V, Trümper L, Wilting J, Kube D. Microenvironmental interactions between endothelial and lymphoma cells: a role for the canonical WNT pathway in Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2016; 31:361-372. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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84
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Fuckar D, Dekanić A, Stifter S, Mustać E, Krstulja M, Dobrila F, Jonjić N. VEGF Expression is Associated with Negative Estrogen Receptor Status in Patients with Breast Cancer. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 14:49-55. [PMID: 16501835 DOI: 10.1177/106689690601400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression on tumor cells and other clinicopathologic parameters in breast cancer that could give additional information on its prognostic significance. Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of VEGF, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), HER-2/neu, and Ki67 was performed in 233 breast cancers. VEGF expression estimated semiquantitatively was correlated with all the above-mentioned parameters as well as with clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer such as menopausal status of patients, tumor size, histologic and nuclear grade, vascular invasion, and lymph node status. Most of the tumor cells and some stromal components expressed VEGF. A higher percentage of VEGF-positive tumor cells was present in premenopausal patients and in ER-negative tumors. In postmenopausal patients tumors with a higher expression of VEGF were associated not only with ER-negative but also with HER-2/neu-positive tumor cells. These ER-negative tumors were characterized by a higher proliferative activity. Angiogenic switch as well as proliferative activity of breast cancer cells probably are unfavorably dependent on estrogen activity. This negative correlation between VEGF expression and ER status may not only shed more light on tumor biology but may also have future therapeutic implications.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Menopause
- Middle Aged
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Fuckar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka University Hospital Center, Rijeka, Croatia
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85
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Shen Y, Zeng L, Novosyadlyy R, Forest A, Zhu A, Korytko A, Zhang H, Eastman SW, Topper M, Hindi S, Covino N, Persaud K, Kang Y, Burtrum D, Surguladze D, Prewett M, Chintharlapalli S, Wroblewski VJ, Shen J, Balderes P, Zhu Z, Snavely M, Ludwig DL. A bi-functional antibody-receptor domain fusion protein simultaneously targeting IGF-IR and VEGF for degradation. MAbs 2016; 7:931-45. [PMID: 26073904 PMCID: PMC4623440 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1055442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-specific antibodies (BsAbs), which can simultaneously block 2 tumor targets, have emerged as promising therapeutic alternatives to combinations of individual monoclonal antibodies. Here, we describe the engineering and development of a novel, human bi-functional antibody-receptor domain fusion molecule with ligand capture (bi-AbCap) through the fusion of the domain 2 of human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) to an antibody directed against insulin-like growth factor - type I receptor (IGF-IR). The bi-AbCap possesses excellent stability and developability, and is the result of minimal engineering. Beyond potent neutralizing activities against IGF-IR and VEGF, the bi-AbCap is capable of cross-linking VEGF to IGF-IR, leading to co-internalization and degradation of both targets by tumor cells. In multiple mouse xenograft tumor models, the bi-AbCap improves anti-tumor activity over individual monotherapies. More importantly, it exhibits superior inhibition of tumor growth, compared with the combination of anti-IGF-IR and anti-VEGF therapies, via powerful blockade of both direct tumor cell growth and tumor angiogenesis. The unique "capture-for-degradation" mechanism of the bi-AbCap is informative for the design of next-generation bi-functional anti-cancer therapies directed against independent signaling pathways. The bi-AbCap design represents an alternative approach to the creation of dual-targeting antibody fusion molecules by taking advantage of natural receptor-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- a Antibody Technology; Eli Lilly and Company ; New York , NY USA
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86
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Jia J, Ye T, Cui P, Hua Q, Zeng H, Zhao D. AP-1 transcription factor mediates VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Microvasc Res 2016; 105:103-8. [PMID: 26860974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
VEGF, upon binding to its endothelial cell specific receptors VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2, can induce endothelial cell migration, proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of these effects still remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether VEGF promotes human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and proliferation through activator protein-1 transcription factor (AP-1) family. We first showed that VEGF induces immediate-early genes AP-1 family gene expression differentially with the profound induction of JunB (both mRNA and protein) under various conditions (PBS, DMSO or control adenoviruses). The increase in AP-1 mRNA expression occurs primarily at the transcriptional level. Inhibition of AP-1 DNA binding activity by adenovirus expressing a potent dominant negative form of c-Fos (Afos) significantly attenuated VEGF-induced HUVEC migration and proliferation and cyclin D1 expression. Knockdown of JunB with adenovirus expressing JunB shRNA reduces VEGF-induced JunB expression and attenuated HUVEC migration. However the shJunB-expressing virus has no effect on VEGF-induced cyclin D1 protein expression and proliferation. These results suggest that VEGF-induced endothelial migration is mediated primarily by induction of JunB whereas the promotion of endothelial proliferation by VEGF is mediated by JunB-independent AP-1 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA; School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Taiyang Ye
- Divison of Molecular and Vascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Divison of Molecular and Vascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA; Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Hua
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Zeng
- Divison of Molecular and Vascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA
| | - Dezheng Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460, USA.
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87
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Hornedo-Ortega R, Cerezo AB, Troncoso AM, Garcia-Parrilla MC, Mas A. Melatonin and Other Tryptophan Metabolites Produced by Yeasts: Implications in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1565. [PMID: 26834716 PMCID: PMC4718080 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast metabolism produces compounds derived from tryptophan, which are found in fermented beverages, such as wine and beer. In particular, melatonin and serotonin, may be relevant due to their bioactivity in humans. Indeed, the former is a neurohormone related to circadian rhythms, which also has a putative protective effect against degenerative diseases. Moreover, serotonin is a neurotransmitter itself, in addition to being a precursor of melatonin synthesis. This paper summarizes data reported on fermented beverages, to evaluate dietary intake. Additionally, the article reviews observed effects of yeast amino acid metabolites on the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s) and angiogenesis, focusing on evidence of the molecular mechanism involved and identification of molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana B Cerezo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Troncoso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Albert Mas
- Facultad de Enología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain
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88
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Kervancioglu E, Kosan M, Erinanc H, Gonulalan U, Oguzulgen AI, Coskun EZ, Ozkardes H. Predictive values of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel-density levels in initial biopsy for prostate cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:74-9. [PMID: 26944325 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important factor in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCA). We aimed to investigate the values of vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) expression level and microvessel density (MVD) in the prediction of PCA diagnosis at repeated prostate biopsy (re-PBx). We retrospectively evaluated 167 patients with re-PBx according to elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, suspicious digital rectal examination, and the presence of premalignant lesions. Patients with PCA on re-PBx were included in the cancer group (n = 17). Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or normal tissues on re-PBx were included in the control group (n = 21). The groups were compared according to the expression level of VEGF and MVD in initial prostate biopsy. There was no statistically significant difference between groups according to age and serum prostate-specific-antigen values. The mean VEGF scores of the cancer and control groups were 232.64 ± 11.14 and 183.09 ± 14.56, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean MVD of the biopsy samples in the cancer and control groups were 246.47 ± 17.59 n/mm(2) and 197.33 ± 16.26 n/mm(2), respectively (p < 0.05). The cutoff values of VEGF scores and MVD were set as 200 and 215, respectively, for PCA detection in our study. Our results showed that the expression level of VEGF and MVD significantly increased in the initial prostate-biopsy samples of patients with PCA diagnosed with re-PBx. The evaluation of VEGF expression level and MVD might have an important value in the prediction of PCA at re-PBx. The expression level of VEGF and MVD should be kept in mind as PCA-related histopathological changes that indicate the increased angiogenesis in prostatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Kervancioglu
- Department of Urology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Kosan
- Department of Urology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara and Konya, Turkey
| | - Hilal Erinanc
- Department of Pathology, Başkent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Gonulalan
- Department of Urology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara and Konya, Turkey.
| | | | - Esra Zeynep Coskun
- Department of Pathology, Başkent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ozkardes
- Department of Urology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara and Konya, Turkey
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89
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Zhu Q, Zhang X, Li J, Huang L, Yan J, Xu F, Yan Y. Arterial blood supply of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with efficacy of sorafenib therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:285. [PMID: 26697445 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.10.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the efficacy of sorafenib in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relationship with the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of HCC, analyze the prognostic factors of HCC patients treated with sorafenib, and investigate the relationship between imaging findings and outcomes. METHODS A total of 38 HCC patients who were treated with sorafenib from April 2009 to December 2010 were included in this study. HCCs were classified as good arterial supply and poor arterial supply according to the intensity enhancement on CT scan or MRI. Clinical data were collected and the survival time was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Among these 38 patients [35 (92.1%) were males] treated with sorafenib, the median age was (53.3±11.1) years. Tumors in 17 patients had good arterial supply while those in the remained 21 patients had poor arterial supply. The median survival time (MST) was 10.7 months (95% CI, 8.7-12.7) and the 1-year overall survival (OS) was 41.0%. The MST and 1-year OS in patients with tumors with good arterial supply were 12 months (range, 4-20 months) and 52.9%, respectively, compared with those of 7 months (range, 1-16 months) and 23.8% in patients with tumors with poor arterial supply (P=0.002). Patients with BCLC stage B tumors had longer MST and higher OS than those with BCLC stage C tumors, although the differences were not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis showed that arterial supply of tumors remained statistically predictive for OS (HR =0.22; 95% CI, 0.07-0.67; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Arterial blood supply is an independent predictor for survival in HCC patients treated with sorafenib, and patients with tumors with good arterial supply benefit more than those with tumors with poor arterial supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen 448000, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen 448000, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Li
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen 448000, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Huang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen 448000, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianjun Yan
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen 448000, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Feng Xu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen 448000, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yiqun Yan
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen 448000, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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90
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Bold G, Schnell C, Furet P, McSheehy P, Brüggen J, Mestan J, Manley PW, Drückes P, Burglin M, Dürler U, Loretan J, Reuter R, Wartmann M, Theuer A, Bauer-Probst B, Martiny-Baron G, Allegrini P, Goepfert A, Wood J, Littlewood-Evans A. A Novel Potent Oral Series of VEGFR2 Inhibitors Abrogate Tumor Growth by Inhibiting Angiogenesis. J Med Chem 2015; 59:132-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bold
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schnell
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul McSheehy
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef Brüggen
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Mestan
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul W. Manley
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Drückes
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marion Burglin
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Dürler
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Loretan
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Reuter
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Theuer
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Bauer-Probst
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Martiny-Baron
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Allegrini
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Goepfert
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeanette Wood
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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91
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Parris GE. A Hypothesis Concerning the Biphasic Dose-response of Tumors to Angiostatin and Endostatin. Dose Response 2015; 13:10.2203_dose-response.14-020.Parris. [PMID: 26675544 PMCID: PMC4674172 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.14-020.parris] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript proposes a hypothesis to explain the U-shaped dose-response observed for angiostatin and other high-molecular-weight drugs in various anti-cancer bio-assays. The dose-response curves for angiostatin and endostatin (measured as suppression of tumor growth) go through an optimum (i.e., minimum tumor growth) and then becomes less effective at higher doses. The literature suggests that at lower doses the primary action of these high-molecular-weight drugs is to counteract the angiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To do this, the drugs must pass out of the blood vessel and enter the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) where VEGF induces the growth and fusion of tip cells. Ironically, VEGF actually facilitates access of the drugs to the ECM by making the vascular endothelium leaky. At higher doses, the high-molecular-weight drugs seem to reverse VEGF-induced permeability of the endothelium. Thus, at high dose rates, it is hypothesized that the drugs are not able to enter the ECM and block the angiogenic effects of VEGF there. As a result, high doses of the drugs do not suppress vascularization of the tumor or tumor growth. Moreover, if the permeability of the vessels is suppressed, the VEGF released by the stroma is concentrated in the ECM where it amplifies the angiogenic activity around the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Parris
- Montgomery College, Department of Chemistry, Rockville, MD, USA
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92
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VEGF-D as a marker in the aid of malignant metastatic pleural effusion diagnosis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 23:209-14. [PMID: 25221955 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensitivity in cytology diagnosis of malignant metastatic pleural effusion (MMPE) is insufficient nowadays due to the similarity of the reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key factors in tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the value of VEGF and its homologs in the aid of MMPE diagnosis. METHODS A total of 217 pleural effusions samples were eligible for analysis. Among them, 81 malignant and 22 benign cases were made into the cell blocks for the immunocytochemical (ICC) staining of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 expression. Another 114 samples (41 malignant and 73 benign cases) were subjected to the ELISA test for the protein level of VEGF-D. RESULTS In a total of 156 MMPE, only VEGF-D expression by ICC stain was significantly different between malignant (92.6%) and benign cases (9.1%) with P<0.001 in either nuclear or cytoplasmic staining. Only 6 malignant cases showed negative stain results. In addition, 3 of the 4 lung small cell carcinoma were immunoreactive for VEGF-D. However, some lymphocytes also showed nuclear staining pattern of VEGF-D. In contrast, the ELISA test for the VEGF-D protein levels failed to demonstrate the difference between malignant and benign pleural effusions. CONCLUSIONS Among VEGF homologs, MMPE from various kinds of tumor origin, VEGF-D showed 92.6% rate of positive expression. ICC stain of VEGF-D is a useful marker in the aid of MMPE diagnosis.
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93
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Dong F, Zhou X, Li C, Yan S, Deng X, Cao Z, Li L, Tang B, Allen TD, Liu J. Dihydroartemisinin targets VEGFR2 via the NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells to inhibit angiogenesis. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1479-88. [PMID: 25482945 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.955728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-malarial agent dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has strong anti-angiogenic activity. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying this effect of DHA on angiogenesis. We found that DHA shows a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and migration of in HUVECs. DHA specifically down-regulates the mRNA and protein expression of VEGFR2 in endothelial cells. Treatment with DHA increases IκB-α protein and blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In addition, DHA directly regulates VEGFR2 promoter activity through p65 binding motif, and decreases the binding activity of p65 and VEGFR2 promoter, suggesting defective NF-κB signaling may underlie the observed effects of DHA on VEGFR2 expression. In the presence of the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, DHA could not further repress VEGFR2. Co-treatment with PDTC and DHA produced minimal changes compared to the effects of either drug alone in in vitro angiogenesis assays. Similar findings were found in vivo through a mouse retinal neovascularization model examining the effects of PDTC and DHA. Our data suggested that DHA inhibits angiogenesis largely through repression of the NF-κB pathway. DHA is well tolerated, and therefore may be an ideal candidate to use clinically as an angiogenesis inhibitor for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Dong
- a Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine; Medical Research Center; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital ; Shandong University ; Jinan , Shandong , China
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94
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Seo SY, Han SI, Bae CS, Cho H, Lim SC. Effect of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitor on wound healing. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 97:35-41. [PMID: 25899574 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PGE2 is an important mediator of wound healing. It is degraded and inactivated by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Various growth factors, type IV collagen, TIMP-2 and PGE2 are important mediators of inflammation involving wound healing. Overproduction of TGF-β and suppression of PGE2 are found in excessive wound scarring. If we make the condition downregulating growth factors and upregulating PGE2, the wound will have a positive effect which results in little scar formation after healing. TD88 is a 15-PGDH inhibitor based on thiazolinedione structure. We evaluated the effect of TD88 on wound healing. In 10 guinea pigs (4 control and 6 experimental groups), we made four 1cm diameter-sized circular skin defects on each back. TD88 and vehicle were applicated on the wound twice a day for 4 days in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Tissue samples were harvested for qPCR and histomorphometric analyses on the 2nd and 4th day after treatment. Histomorphometric analysis showed significant reepithelization in the experimental group. qPCR analysis showed significant decrease of PDGF, CTGF and TIMP-2, but significant increase of type IV collagen in the experimental group. Taken together TD88 could be a good effector on wound healing, especially in the aspects of prevention of scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Seo
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Iy Han
- Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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95
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Anchordoquy JM, Anchordoquy JP, Testa JA, Sirini MÁ, Furnus CC. Influence of vascular endothelial growth factor and Cysteamine on in vitro bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1090-8. [PMID: 25879691 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of VEGF and Cysteamine during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes on GSH content and developmental competence. For this purpose, experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of 0, 100, 300, and 500 ng/mL VEGF in IVM medium on: GSH content in oocytes and cumulus cells (Exp. 1) and subsequent embryo development (Exp. 2). Also, influence of adding 500 ng/mL VEGF and 100 μM Cysteamine to IVM medium on GSH content in oocytes and cumulus cells (Exp. 3) and oocyte developmental capacity (Exp. 4) were evaluated. Oocytes were matured in: a) Control; b) VEGF 0-3 h; c) Cysteamine 4-24 h; d) VEGF 0-3 h + Cysteamine 4-24 h; and e) VEGF + Cysteamine 24 h. The results showed that: i) VEGF did not alter GSH content in oocytes and cumulus cells; (ii) supplementation of 300 and 500 ng/mL VEGF increased blastocyst yield; (iii) the presence of VEGF + Cysteamine simultaneously during 24 h improved GSH content but not embryo development; and (iv) the presence of VEGF during the first 3 h + Cysteamine from 4 to 24 h increased GSH concentrations and subsequent embryo development. In conclusion, the addition of VEGF and Cysteamine in two sequential steps to maturation medium result in an improvement of cytoplasmic maturation, with a positive impact on oocyte developmental capacity by increasing the efficiency of in vitro blastocyst production. However, the effect was detrimental when both VEGF and Cysteamine were present during 24 of IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mateo Anchordoquy
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout (IGEVET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, calle 60 y 118 s/n, CP (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Patricio Anchordoquy
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout (IGEVET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, calle 60 y 118 s/n, CP (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 118 s/n, CP (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Alberto Testa
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout (IGEVET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, calle 60 y 118 s/n, CP (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 118 s/n, CP (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Ángel Sirini
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout (IGEVET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, calle 60 y 118 s/n, CP (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia C Furnus
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout (IGEVET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, calle 60 y 118 s/n, CP (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Citología, Histología y Embriología "A", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 118 s/n, CP (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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96
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Functional roles of calreticulin in cancer biology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:526524. [PMID: 25918716 PMCID: PMC4396016 DOI: 10.1155/2015/526524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin is a highly conserved endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein which participates in various cellular processes. It was first identified as a Ca2+-binding protein in 1974. Accumulated evidences indicate that calreticulin has great impacts for the development of different cancers and the effect of calreticulin on tumor formation and progression may depend on cell types and clinical stages. Cell surface calreticulin is considered as an “eat-me” signal and promotes phagocytic uptake of cancer cells by immune system. Moreover, several reports reveal that manipulation of calreticulin levels profoundly affects cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis as well as differentiation. In addition to immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, interactions between calreticulin and integrins have been described during cell adhesion, which is an essential process for cancer metastasis. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors which connect extracellular matrix and intracellular cytoskeleton and trigger inside-out or outside-in signaling transduction. More and more evidences reveal that proteins binding to integrins might affect integrin-cytoskeleton interaction and therefore influence ability of cell adhesion. Here, we reviewed the biological roles of calreticulin and summarized the potential mechanisms of calreticulin in regulating mRNA stability and therefore contributed to cancer metastasis.
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97
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Yamagishi SI, Matsui T. Role of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in liver disease. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:15. [PMID: 25888859 PMCID: PMC4328656 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) belongs to a immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules that could bind to a number of ligands such as advanced glycation end products, high-mobility group protein box-1, S-100 calcium-binding protein, and amyloid-β-protein, inducing a series of signal transduction cascades, and being involved in a variety of cellular function, including inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, and fibrosis. RAGE is expressed in hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. There is accumulating evidence that engagement of RAGE with various ligands elicits oxidative stress generation and subsequently activates the RAGE downstream pathway in the liver, thereby contributing to the development and progression of numerous types of hepatic disorders. These observations suggest that inhibition of the RAGE signaling pathway could be a novel therapeutic target for liver diseases. This article summarizes the pathological role of RAGE in hepatic insulin resistance, steatosis and fibrosis, ischemic and non-ischemic liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis and its therapeutic interventions for these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
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98
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Yamagishi SI, Matsui T, Fukami K. Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and Its Ligands in Cancer Risk. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:48-56. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kei Fukami
- Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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99
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Yamashita Y, Kato J, Ueda K, Nakamura Y, Abe H, Tamura T, Itonaga M, Yoshida T, Maeda H, Moribata K, Niwa T, Maekita T, Iguchi M, Tamai H, Ichinose M. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography can predict a higher malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by visualizing large newly formed vessels. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2015; 43:89-97. [PMID: 25043900 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to elucidate the histologic and clinical implications of detection of intratumoral vessels on contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (CE-EUS) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS Thirteen patients with a GIST, all of whom were referred for surgery, underwent presurgical CE-EUS. The malignant potential, assessed according to the modified Fletcher risk classification system, and the histologic degree of angiogenesis were compared with the presence or absence of intratumoral vessels on CE-EUS. RESULTS Of the six tumors with intratumoral vessels observed on CE-EUS, five were intermediate- or high-risk GISTs, and the remaining seven negative cases were categorized as very low risk or low risk. The presence of intratumoral vessels on CE-EUS was significantly correlated with a higher-risk classification (p = 0.005). On histologic examination, all GISTs having visualized vessels incorporated vessels of more than 500 μm in diameter. The large intratumoral vessels of the five intermediate- or high-risk GISTs lacked elastic fibers, suggesting that they were neovascular in nature. These higher-risk tumors were also found, by immunohistochemical analysis, to have high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS Intratumoral vessels observed in GISTs on CE-EUS are correlated with a higher degree of angiogenesis, resulting in higher malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Yamashita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
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100
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Smith-Berdan S, Nguyen A, Hong MA, Forsberg EC. ROBO4-mediated vascular integrity regulates the directionality of hematopoietic stem cell trafficking. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:255-68. [PMID: 25640759 PMCID: PMC4325232 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in clinical therapy for over half a century, the mechanisms that regulate HSC trafficking, engraftment, and life-long persistence after transplantation are unclear. Here, we show that the vascular endothelium regulates HSC trafficking into and out of bone marrow (BM) niches. Surprisingly, we found that instead of acting as barriers to cellular entry, vascular endothelial cells, via the guidance molecule ROBO4, actively promote HSC translocation across vessel walls into the BM space. In contrast, we found that the vasculature inhibits the reverse process, as induced vascular permeability led to a rapid increase in HSCs in the blood stream. Thus, the vascular endothelium reinforces HSC localization to BM niches both by promoting HSC extravasation from blood-to-BM and by forming vascular barriers that prevent BM-to-blood escape. Our results uncouple the mechanisms that regulate the directionality of HSC trafficking and show that the vasculature can be targeted to improve hematopoietic transplantation therapies. Endothelial ROBO4 promotes unidirectional HSC trafficking across vessel walls Sinusoidal endothelial cells mediate HSC extravasation from blood to bone marrow Vascular integrity prevents HSC escape from bone marrow to blood Induced vascular permeability rapidly mobilizes HSCs to the blood stream
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Smith-Berdan
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Andrew Nguyen
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Matthew A Hong
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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