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Sendt KV, Tracy DK, Bhattacharyya S. A systematic review of factors influencing adherence to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:14-30. [PMID: 25466227 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to antipsychotics improves outcome in schizophrenia. There is a lack of consensus on which factors most influence adherence behaviour and methodological issues hinder interpretation of existing evidence. A rigorous systematic search designed to identify robustly implicated factors emerging from methodologically rigorous studies narrowed our search to 13 observational studies (total N=6235) relating to adherence, antipsychotics and schizophrenia. Studies varied significantly, with reported adherence rates ranging from 47.2% to 95%. Positive attitude to medication and illness insight were the only factors consistently associated with better adherence, while contradictory results were found for socio-demographic characteristics, symptom severity and side effects. Only distinct aspects of the therapeutic relationship and social support in younger patients were related to good adherence. Antipsychotic type or formulation and neurocognitive functioning did not appear to impact medication adherence. Despite greater methodological rigour in determining studies to include in the present systematic review, it remains difficult to guide clinicians in this vital area and most of the work discussed contained small sample sizes. Future research in this field should therefore prioritise prospective study designs over longer periods and larger samples in naturalistic settings, providing a more appropriate and clinically meaningful framework than widely used cross-sectional designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra-Verena Sendt
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King׳s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Derek Kenneth Tracy
- Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King׳s College London SE5 8AF, UK; Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal University Hospital, Green Parks House, Orpington BR6 8NY, UK
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King׳s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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Denis A, Callahan S, Bouvard M. Evaluation of the French Version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support During the Postpartum Period. Matern Child Health J 2014; 19:1245-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-014-1630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Günbey E, Karabulut H. Multidimensional scale of perceived social support in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 271:3067-71. [PMID: 24939177 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social support is a very important aspect of debilitating diseases. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disabling disease that impairs a patient's quality of life and affects a patient's environment. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is used to measure the perception of the sufficiency of social support for individuals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship of the MSPSS to the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), age and gender in patients with OSAS. In this study, 183 subjects with a diagnosis of OSAS were enrolled. Patients were evaluated with the MSPSS in terms of age, gender and polysomnography results. According to the results of this study, the MSPSS has found to be higher in men than in women with OSAS and higher in moderate-severe OSAS than in mild OSAS. The MSPSS can be an important indicator of how patients cope with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Günbey
- School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, Samsun, 55139, Turkey,
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Stewart RC, Umar E, Tomenson B, Creed F. Validation of the multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and the relationship between social support, intimate partner violence and antenatal depression in Malawi. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:180. [PMID: 24938124 PMCID: PMC4074419 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of social support is an important risk factor for antenatal depression and anxiety in low- and middle-income countries. We translated, adapted and validated the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) in order to study the relationship between perceived social support, intimate partner violence and antenatal depression in Malawi. METHODS The MSPSS was translated and adapted into Chichewa and Chiyao. Five hundred and eighty-three women attending an antenatal clinic were administered the MSPSS, depression screening measures, and a risk factor questionnaire including questions about intimate partner violence. A sub-sample of participants (n = 196) were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV to diagnose major depressive episode. Validity of the MSPSS was evaluated by assessment of internal consistency, factor structure, and correlation with Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) score and major depressive episode. We investigated associations between perception of support from different sources (significant other, family, and friends) and major depressive episode, and whether intimate partner violence was a moderator of these associations. RESULTS In both Chichewa and Chiyao, the MSPSS had high internal consistency for the full scale and significant other, family, and friends subscales. MSPSS full scale and subscale scores were inversely associated with SRQ score and major depression diagnosis. Using principal components analysis, the MSPSS had the expected 3-factor structure in analysis of the whole sample. On confirmatory factor analysis, goodness-of-fit indices were better for a 3-factor model than for a 2-factor model, and met standard criteria when correlation between items was allowed. Lack of support from a significant other was the only MSPSS subscale that showed a significant association with depression on multivariate analysis, and this association was moderated by experience of intimate partner violence. CONCLUSIONS The MSPSS is a valid measure of perceived social support in Malawi. Lack of support by a significant other is associated with depression in pregnant women who have experienced intimate partner violence in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Stewart
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- Department of Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Eric Umar
- Department of Community Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Barbara Tomenson
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Francis Creed
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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Kenardy J, Heron-Delaney M, Bellamy N, Sterling M, Connelly L. The University of Queensland study of physical and psychological outcomes for claimants with minor and moderate injuries following a road traffic crash (UQ SuPPORT): design and methods. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2014; 5:22612. [PMID: 24799996 PMCID: PMC4009486 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v5.22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date research investigating how mental health impacts physical recovery following a road traffic crash (RTC) has focused on cohorts with severe injuries. The UQ SuPPORT study aims to study the physical and psychological outcomes of claimants with minor injuries following an RTC under the Queensland common law compulsory insurance scheme. OBJECTIVES This paper outlines the protocols of this study as a platform for future publications. METHODS The 2-year longitudinal cohort study collected interview and survey data from claimants at 6, 12, and 24 months post-RTC. Measures used in the telephone interview included the DSM-IV Composite International Diagnostic Interview for posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive episode, panic attacks, agoraphobia; and self-reported disability (WHO-DAS-II). Quality of life (SF-36v2), alcohol use (AUDIT), social support (MSPSS), quality-adjusted life years (EQ-5D), and return to work outcomes were assessed via postal questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 382 claimants consented to participate at the beginning of the study, and these participants were approached at each wave. Retention was high (65%). The average age of participants at Wave 1 was 48.6 years, with 65% of the sample sustaining minor injuries (Injury Severity Score=1-3). CONCLUSIONS This study has collected a unique sample of data to investigate recovery patterns of claimants with minor injuries. Future publications will more fully assess the effects of the collected measures on recovery rates 2 years post-RTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kenardy
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine (CONROD), School of Medicine, RBWH, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas Bellamy
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine (CONROD), School of Medicine, RBWH, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Sterling
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine (CONROD), School of Medicine, RBWH, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luke Connelly
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine (CONROD), School of Medicine, RBWH, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia ; Australian Centre for Economic Research on Health, School of Economics, RBWH, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Guterman NB, Tabone JK, Bryan GM, Taylor CA, Napoleon-Hanger C, Banman A. Examining the effectiveness of home-based parent aide services to reduce risk for physical child abuse and neglect: six-month findings from a randomized clinical trial. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2013; 37:566-577. [PMID: 23623622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study set out to carry out a feasible, real-world, randomized clinical trial to examine the benefits of home-based paraprofessional parent aide services in reducing physical abuse and neglect risk in high-risk parents. METHODS Families were randomly assigned to receive either parent aide plus case management services (n = 73) or case management services only (n = 65), collecting in-home data on physical child abuse and neglect and proximal risk and protective factors, just prior to service initiation, and again after six months of services. RESULTS Mothers receiving parent aide and case management services reported significant improvements from baseline to six-month follow-up in self-reported indicators of physical child abuse risk, as well as improvements on parental stress, mastery, depression, and anxiety, whereas mothers receiving only case management services did not. The slopes of such observed changes across groups, however, were not found to be statistically significantly different. No discernable improvements were found with regard to indicators of risk for child neglect. CONCLUSIONS As the first randomized clinical trial examining the effectiveness of parent aide services, this study provides the first controlled evidence examining the potential benefits of this service modality. This study suggests promising trends regarding the benefit of parent aide services with respect to physical child abuse risk reduction and related predictors, but evidence does not appear to suggest that such services, as they are presently delivered, reduce child neglect. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS These findings support the continued use of parent aide services in cases of physical child abuse and also suggest careful consideration of the ways such services may be better configured to extend their impact, particularly with respect to child neglect risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B Guterman
- University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Kuo C, Reddy MK, Operario D, Cluver L, Stein DJ. Posttraumatic stress symptoms among adults caring for orphaned children in HIV-endemic South Africa. AIDS Behav 2013; 17:1755-63. [PMID: 23539187 PMCID: PMC3664126 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-013-0461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that mental health is a significant issue among families affected by AIDS-related parental deaths. The current study examined posttraumatic stress symptoms and identified risk factors among adults caring for AIDS-orphaned and other-orphaned children in an HIV-endemic South African community. A representative community sample of adults caring for children (N = 1,599) was recruited from Umlazi Township. Of the 116 participants who reported that a traumatic event was still bothering them, 19 % reported clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms. Of the 116 participants, caregivers of AIDS-orphaned and other-orphaned children were significantly more likely to meet threshold criteria for PTSD (28 %) compared to caregivers of non-orphaned children (10 %). Household receipt of an old age pension was identified as a possible protective factor for PTSD symptoms among caregivers of orphaned children. Services are needed to address PTSD symptoms among caregivers of orphaned children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kuo
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-Floor 4, Providence, RI, USA.
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Husain N, Cruickshank K, Husain M, Khan S, Tomenson B, Rahman A. Social stress and depression during pregnancy and in the postnatal period in British Pakistani mothers: a cohort study. J Affect Disord 2012; 140:268-76. [PMID: 22608713 PMCID: PMC3657151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders are common and disabling among perinatal women. The rates are high in ethnic minority groups. The causes are not known in British Pakistani women. The aim of this study was to estimate the rates, correlates and maintaining factors of perinatal depression in a Pakistani sample in UK. The design used was a cross-sectional two phase population based survey with a prospective cohort study. METHODS All women in 3rd trimester attending antenatal clinic were screened with the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Women scoring 12 or more on EPDS and a random sample of low scorers were interviewed using the Schedules for Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and the Life Events and Difficulties schedule (LEDS). Social support was assessed with the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). They were reassessed 6 months after the delivery using the same measures. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of depression was 16.8%. Depressed mothers had more marked non health difficulties (housing, financial and marital). They had less social support and were socially isolated. Marked social isolation and marked non-health related difficulties were independent predictors of depression. Analyses of all the possible risk factors, comparing 26 persistent depressed with 27 depression resolved group showed significant differences in the MSPSS subscales between the two groups. LIMITATIONS The study lacked inter-rater reliability testing between the individuals carrying out diagnostic interviews. The study sample did not accurately represent the general population and information about the origins of depression in this group of mothers was limited. CONCLUSION Depression in British Pakistani mothers is associated with social isolation, poor social support and severe and persistent social difficulties. The findings will have implications in planning suitable services for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Husain
- School of Community-based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Cerit C, Filizer A, Tural Ü, Tufan AE. Stigma: a core factor on predicting functionality in bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2012; 53:484-9. [PMID: 22036011 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extant literature indicates that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant poor psychosocial functioning. However, the relationship between functioning and demographic and clinical variables is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictors of functioning such as demographic and clinical variables, social support, self-perceived stigma, and insight in remitted patients with BD. METHODS Eighty patients with a diagnosis of BD, complete remission according to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition were included in the final assessment. Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Young Mania Rating Scale, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight were used. Student t test, Pearson correlation analyses, and linear regression analyses were used to assess the pathways effecting on functioning. RESULTS The 3 predictors of functioning were severity of depression, perceived social support, and internalized stigmatization. Severity of depression is considered the strongest predictor, whereas internalized stigmatization has a core role in predicting functioning. Clinical variables such as years of education and number of hospitalization probably have indirect effects on functioning. CONCLUSION Interventions that oppose stigmatization and consideration of mild depressive symptoms will positively affect functioning in remitted patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Cerit
- Department of Psychiatry, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Chong SA. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in patients with schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2012; 53:286-91. [PMID: 21632040 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social support promotes community adaptation of patients with mental illness by facilitating coping and competence. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is a widely used measure of perceived social support that investigates 3 domains of support, from significant other, family, and friends. This study was conducted to provide evidence of the reliability and construct validity of the MSPSS in an adult Asian population with schizophrenia. METHODS The MSPSS was self-rated by patients with schizophrenia. Reliability was determined using Cronbach α for internal consistency, and preliminary construct was examined using exploratory factor analysis (using principal component with varimax rotation). Four a priori hypothesized models were tested via confirmatory factor analysis: first-order 2-factor (2 models), and first-order and higher order 3-factor models, using 5 goodness-of-fit indices. RESULTS Internal reliability was high (Cronbach α of .90, .90, and .91 for support from significant others, family and friends, respectively) for the MSPSS. Exploratory factor analysis on the 12-item measure indicated 3-factor solution that supported the 3 theoretical dimensions of the MSPSS. The indices of goodness of fit confirmed the first-order and higher-order 3-factor confirmatory models of MSPSS by providing the best fit in this sample. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate high internal consistency and construct validity of MSPSS in outpatients with schizophrenia, making it appropriate for assessing the perceived social support in this population.
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Yang J, Ko YH, Paik JW, Lee MS, Han C, Joe SH, Jung IK, Jung HG, Kim SH. Symptom severity and attitudes toward medication: impacts on adherence in outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2012; 134:226-31. [PMID: 22133906 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to compare electronic monitoring with other measures of adherence to antipsychotic medication in outpatients with schizophrenia. The secondary aim of the study was to analyze the relationships between adherence and other clinical parameters. METHOD Fifty-one patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were monitored over an eight-week period. Medication adherence was assessed using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS), which is a bottle cap with a microprocessor that records the occurrence and times of bottle opening, patient self-reports, a clinician rating scale, and pill counts. Agreements among adherence measures and the relationships between adherence and other clinical factors were assessed. RESULTS The rate of non-adherence according to the MEMS was 41.2%, considerably higher than those of pill counting (7.8%), clinician rating scale (7.8%), or self-reporting (25.5%). Excitement, impulse control, and preoccupation symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were higher in the non-adherent patients than in the adherent patients. The full Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) score was higher in adherent versus non-adherent patients and the significant other subscale of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support score was lower in the adherent patients. The Clinical Global Impression-Severity score was negatively correlated with adherence as measured by the MEMS (r=-0.426, p<0.05) and DAI scores were positively correlated with adherence according to the MEMS and the clinician rating scale (r=0.498, p<0.01 and r=0.387, p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that PANSS and DAI scores significantly contributed to MEMS adherence. CONCLUSION Adherence as measured by the MEMS showed a discrepancy with other measures of adherence in patients with schizophrenia. The severity of disease and attitudes toward medication were related to adherence. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impacts of medication adherence in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Online social networks have gained considerable popularity among adolescents, but investigations on adolescent engagement with this technology have been limited. The current study investigated adolescents’ Facebook use with regard to their perceived social support characteristics. The data were collected from 255 adolescents in two provincial state schools in Turkey. A personal information form and 12 scaled items were used to collect data. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on scale items and relationships between social support and Facebook use behaviors were investigated. Findings revealed that perceived social support from significant others were predicted by the time spent on Facebook. More support from actual face-to-face friends meant fewer online friends whereas more support from significant others meant more online friends. Profile and security settings varied with regard to perceived social support as well. Regardless of socioeconomic status, less family support was related with adding unknown people haphazardly, and using Internet cafés. Finally, less friend support was related with resorting to nicknames rather than real names. Findings are discussed accompanied with limitations of the current study and suggestions for further research.
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Psychosocial risk factors for inconsistent condom use in young people with first episode psychosis. Community Ment Health J 2011; 47:679-87. [PMID: 21246275 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-011-9370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence of high rates of unprotected sex among young people with first episode psychosis compared to their peers. Little research has explored factors associated with condom use in this population. The current study examined the association between previously identified psychosocial risk factors and condom use in young people with early psychosis and their peers. Sixty-seven sexually active young people with first episode psychosis and 48 sexually active control participants matched on a number of sociodemographic factors completed a self-report survey. Increased probability of inconsistent condom use was associated with clinical status, younger age, unemployment, and the absence of peer support for condom use. Psychological distress, self-esteem, social support, substance use, and impulsivity were not associated with condom use. The results suggest that sexual risk-reduction interventions for young people with psychosis should target peer norms, particularly among those who are younger and unemployed.
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Kuo C, Operario D, Cluver L. Depression among carers of AIDS-orphaned and other-orphaned children in Umlazi Township, South Africa. Glob Public Health 2011; 7:253-69. [PMID: 22081931 PMCID: PMC3273578 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2011.626436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
South Africa faces the challenge of supporting the well-being of adults caring for growing numbers of AIDS-orphaned children. These adults play a critical role in responses to the epidemic, but little information exists in regard to their mental health needs. This paper reports on findings from n=1599 adults, recruited through representative household sampling, who serve as primary carers for children in Umlazi Township, an HIV-endemic community. Overall, 22% of participants were carers of AIDS-orphaned children, 11% were carers of other-orphaned children and 67% were carers of non-orphaned children. Prevalence of depression was 30.3%. Orphan carers, regardless of whether they cared for AIDS-orphaned or other-orphaned children, were significantly more likely than carers of non-orphaned children to meet the clinical threshold for depression (35.2% vs. 27.9%, p < 0.01). In multivariate logistic regressions, food insecurity and being a female carer were identified as additional risk factors for greater depression. In contrast, households with access to running water and households dependent on salaries as the main source of income were identified as protective factors for disparities in depression. Mental health interventions are urgently needed to address an increased risk for depression among all orphan carers, not just those caring for AIDS-orphaned children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Box G-S121-Floor 4, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA, Phone: +1 401 863 6630, Fax: +1 401 863 6647
| | - Don Operario
- Department of Community Health and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-Floor 5, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA, Phone: +1 401 863 6657, Fax: +1 401 863 6697
| | - Lucie Cluver
- Department of Social Policy and Social Work, Oxford University, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, England, Phone: +44 01865 270325, Fax: +44 01865 270324
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Kara B, Açıkel CH. Predictors of coping in a group of Turkish patients with physical disability. J Clin Nurs 2011; 21:983-93. [PMID: 21999242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE To describe coping strategies used and determine the influence of demographic/health-related variables and perceived social support to the prediction of coping strategies in patients with physical disabilities. BACKGROUND The period of psychosocial adaptation following a physical disability is very stressful. The use of effective coping strategies may be helpful in adapting to disability. However, no information is available about the coping strategies used by Turkish patients with physical disability. DESIGN The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. The data were obtained from 51 patients with physical disability in a rehabilitation centre in Ankara, Turkey between May 2004-September 2005. METHODS Data were collected using a questionnaire form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Coping Strategy Indicator. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multivariate regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS The most frequently used coping strategy was problem-solving, followed by avoidance coping and seeking social support. Significant predictors of overall coping strategies were age, financial status, the caregiver's presence and perceived social support, after controlling for specific variables. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that patients who were older and had a caregiver were more likely to use problem-solving strategy. Seeking social support was more common among patients who had a caregiver and those with more perceived support from friends, whereas patients who had financial difficulties used more avoidance coping. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Better understanding the coping strategies used by individuals with physical disabilities and factors affecting coping is provide interventions that reduce the stress and support their adaptation. Nurses should be aware of the factors that affect to coping strategies used to deal with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgüzar Kara
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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The relationship of different sources of social support and civic participation with self‐rated health. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2011. [DOI: 10.1108/17465721111175010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tutuncu R, Karabulut H, Acar B, Babademen MA, Ciftçi B, Karaşen RM. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and social support in elder patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 55:244-6. [PMID: 21862144 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Social support is a very important aspect in debilitating diseases. OSAS is a disabling disease that impairs social functioning and accounts for a large socio-economic burden for the community. In this study our aim is to investigate social support levels among OSAS patients: 85 of them with the diagnosis of OSAS were enrolled in the study. Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) is used to measure the perception of individuals' social support sufficiency. In contrast to many studies, we found that social support levels of elder patients were higher than the young ones and family subscale was significantly higher. It might be both due to Turkish family structure that the grands are in close relationship with the other family members and the adverse effects of the disease which have more negative impact on young patients' life. In conclusion, social support is an important aspect in OSAS patients. The interventions for the enhancement of social support could lead to substantial cost-savings, reduce morbidity, and increase well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Tutuncu
- Etimesgut Military Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Kardelen M. Pera Sitesi, 20/9 Batıkent Yenimahalle/Ankara, Turkey.
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69
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Dutt K, Webber M. Access to social capital and social support among South East Asian women with severe mental health problems: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2010; 56:593-605. [PMID: 19734179 DOI: 10.1177/0020764009106415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrant groups in the UK are at an increased risk of experiencing psychosis. In particular, South East Asian women are substantially more at risk of mental illness than men. Perceived social support and access to social capital are two important psychosocial factors, which may explain this differential risk. AIMS This study aimed to explore if migrant status was associated with the perception of social support and access to social capital of Punjabi women suffering from enduring mental illness. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a homogeneous group of Punjabi women (n = 54). Outcome measures included the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Resource Generator-UK (RG-UK). RESULTS No significant differences were found between the two generations on our outcome measures. However, univariate analysis revealed an association of socio-economic and demographic variables with the MSPSS and RG-UK. Linear regression confirmed that being employed, living with others and human capital predicted increased access to social capital. CONCLUSIONS Intervening to help this vulnerable group to enhance their social skills and to develop their social networks may improve their access to social capital and promote their recovery from mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakshi Dutt
- North Lambeth CMHT (South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust), London, UK.
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70
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Tsai J, Bond GR, Davis KE. Housing Preferences among Adults with Dual Diagnoses in Different Stages of Treatment and Housing Types. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION 2010; 13:258-275. [PMID: 21415937 PMCID: PMC3057217 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2010.523357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Housing is an essential component of psychiatric rehabilitation, particularly for consumers with dual diagnoses. Research has not clearly examined why and when consumers prefer different types of housing. This exploratory study examined 1) whether housing preferences differ between stage of treatment for substance abuse, 2) whether consumers who prefer certain housing types have preferences for certain characteristics, and 3) whether consumers living in different types of housing report differences in social support, choice, and housing satisfaction. A total of 103 participants living in supervised housing (n= 65), independent apartment housing (n= 22), single room occupancy hotels (n= 11), and with family (n= 5) completed self-report questionnaires. Results showed that 1) the majority of participants preferred their own apartment or house across different stages of treatment, 2) preference for supervised housing was associated with on-site staff and peer support while preference for apartment housing was associated with autonomy and privacy, and 3) consumers in single room occupancies reported the least choice and lowest satisfaction. These findings contribute to the understanding of consumers' housing preferences and the differences consumers perceive between certain housing types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516
| | - Gary R. Bond
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, NH 03766
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71
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Akhtar A, Rahman A, Husain M, Chaudhry IB, Duddu V, Husain N. Multidimensional scale of perceived social support: Psychometric properties in a South Asian population. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010; 36:845-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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72
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Lee MS, Lee HY, Kang SG, Yang J, Ahn H, Rhee M, Ko YH, Joe SH, Jung IK, Kim SH. Variables influencing antidepressant medication adherence for treating outpatients with depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2010; 123:216-21. [PMID: 19914719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medication adherence is associated with the treatment outcomes. The reported consequences of non-adherence for patients with depressive disorders include chronification, poor psychosocial outcomes and increased suicide rates. The aim of this study is to determine whether insight is directly associated with the medication-taking adherence of patients with depressive disorders. In addition, we compared the various kinds of adherence measures for the depressive patients. METHOD Consecutively 76 patients with depressive disorders were recruited from the outpatient clinic of our center. All patients were on mono-antidepressant therapy during at least 4-weeks' evaluation period, and evaluated with 17 item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Mood Disorders Insight Scale (MDIS). Medication adherence was assessed by using medication event monitoring system (MEMS), clinician rating scale of antidepressant adherence, pill count and patient's self-report. Agreement among the three continuous adherence measures was evaluated. The relationship between the adherence variables and the other clinical scale scores was assessed by using partial correlation correcting for age. RESULTS The patients perceived poor social support from other people in relation to increasing severity of depression. The adherence rates for the MEMS, the pill count, the clinician rating scale of compliance and self-report were 51.9%, 71.4%, 79.2% and 75.3%, respectively. The HRSD scale score negatively correlated with the MDIS scores. No correlation was found between the adherence variables and the clinical scale scores (MDIS, HRSD and MSPSS). CONCLUSION Patients with more severe depression tend to have greater insight. However, the increased insight of depressive patients was not associated with an increase in treatment adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Soo Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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73
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Tsai J. The relationship between hope, housing type, and housing characteristics among individuals with dual diagnoses. J Dual Diagn 2010; 6:144-151. [PMID: 20607117 PMCID: PMC2896265 DOI: 10.1080/15504261003701833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The current study examined whether individuals with dual diagnoses in different types of housing experience different levels of hope and whether hope is related to certain housing characteristics. METHODS: A total of 87 participants (65 in residential programs and 22 in independent apartments) responded to questionnaires about hope and current housing arrangements. RESULTS: Hope did not vary by housing type or housing characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Clients in group housing may have as much hope as clients in apartments. Replication and future study is needed to better understand the relationship between housing and hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tsai
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Connecticut VA Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06514
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74
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Aroian K, Templin TN, Ramaswamy V. Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support for Arab Immigrant Women. Health Care Women Int 2010; 31:153-69. [DOI: 10.1080/07399330903052145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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75
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Ramaswamy V, Aroian KJ, Templin T. Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support for Arab American adolescents. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 43:49-56. [PMID: 19160040 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-008-9220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) was revised for Arab American adolescents (MSPSS-AA). Items measuring social support from significant others were omitted and items measuring support from school personnel were added based on advice from cultural experts. The sample consisted of 635 Arab American young adolescents in metropolitan Detroit. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the proposed three-factor solution (family, friends, and school personnel). Internal consistency coefficients for the three subscales of family (alpha = 0.63), friends (alpha = 0.75), school personnel (alpha = 0.72) were good. As predicted, perceived support from family, friends, and school personnel were inversely related to self reports of daily hassles and internalizing behavior and positively related to assistance seeking coping, which provides evidence for construct validity. Support for discriminant validity was also demonstrated with significantly larger correlations between the MSPSS-AA Family subscale and daily hassles specific to parents and the MSPSS-AA Friend subscale and daily hassles specific to peers. These finding suggest that the MSPSS-AA is reliable and valid for use with Arab-American adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Ramaswamy
- Center for Peace and Conflict Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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76
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Husain N, Bevc I, Husain M, Chaudhry IB, Atif N, Rahman A. Prevalence and social correlates of postnatal depression in a low income country. Arch Womens Ment Health 2006; 9:197-202. [PMID: 16633740 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-006-0129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postnatal depression is an important public health problem worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that rates may be relatively higher in developing countries. We aimed to explore the prevalence of postnatal depression and its association with social support and other risk factors in a sample of Pakistani women. METHODS Population-based survey of 149 women at 12 weeks postnatal using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Personal Information Questionnaire (PIQ). RESULTS Thirty six percent women scored > or =12 on EPDS. High depression score was associated with lower social support, increased stressful life events in the preceding year and higher levels of psychological distress in the antenatal period. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of postnatal depression in Pakistani women. Early interventions should be developed that target the antenatal period and strengthen social support networks in women at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Husain
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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77
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Mollaoglu M. Perceived social support, anxiety, and self-care among patients receiving hemodialysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/dat.20002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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78
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Senol-Durak E, Durak M, Gençöz T. Development of work stress scale for correctional officers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2006; 16:157-68. [PMID: 16688487 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-005-9006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of Work Stress Scale for Correctional Officers (WSSCO). METHODS One hundred nineteen correctional officers (109 males and 10 females) employed in Turkey participated in this study. In addition to WSSCO, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were administered to the participants. RESULTS The internal consistencies and the item-total correlations were acceptable both for the whole scale and for its subscales; namely, "work overload," "role conflict and role ambiguity," "inadequacies in physical conditions of prison," "threat perception," and "general problems." Test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.77 for total scale, and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged between 0.68 and 0.78 for the subscales. The total scale and most of the subscales were positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and hopelessness, and negatively correlated with perceived social support. Furthermore, all subscales significantly differentiated high depressive symptomatology group from the low depressive symptomatology group. CONCLUSIONS The present results revealed that the psychometric properties of WSSCO were quite adequate. The scale can provide a potentially useful tool for research on job stress in correctional officers.
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79
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Personality, social support, and anxiety among adolescents preparing for university entrance examinations in turkey. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02903074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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80
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Clara IP, Cox BJ, Enns MW, Murray LT, Torgrudc LJ. Confirmatory factor analysis of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in clinically distressed and student samples. J Pers Assess 2004; 81:265-70. [PMID: 14638451 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8103_09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous authors (e.g., B. R. Sarason, Shearin, Pierce, & Sarason, 1987) have found that perceived social support can affect the emotional well-being of an individual. Consequently, the effective assessment of social supports is a key issue in both research and clinical practice. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988) divides perceived social support into 3 distinct constructs-that derived from Family members, from Friends, and from Significant Others. This study is the first to assess the MSPSS using confirmatory factor analysis in both a college student (N = 549) and psychiatric outpatient (N = 156) sample. Based on several goodness-of-fit indicators, a 3-factor model for the MSPSS was supported in both samples, as was a single, higher order domain of Global social support. The perceived social support factors of Family and Friends consistently had the strongest associations with symptomatology. These results support the use of the MSPSS as a brief instrument for assessing the hierarchical structure of perceived social support in a variety of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Clara
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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81
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Cano A, Scaturo DJ, Sprafkin RP, Lantinga LJ, Fiese BH, Brand F. Family Support, Self-Rated Health, and Psychological Distress. PRIMARY CARE COMPANION TO THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY 2003; 5:111-117. [PMID: 15154021 PMCID: PMC406377 DOI: 10.4088/pcc.v05n0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2003] [Accepted: 05/20/2003] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Comprehensive health care is becoming an important issue; however, little is known about the complex relationships between perceived family support, self-rated health, and psychological distress in mixed middle-aged/older primary care patient samples. METHOD: In this cross-sectional and predominantly male sample of 137 patients attending their appointments at a primary care clinic in a Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, participants completed several questionnaires including the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve; the General Health Questionnaire-12; the Symptom Checklist-10; and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) screening questionnaire and interview. Data were collected in 1998. Eighteen percent of the participants were diagnosed with a mood disorder, and 15% were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (PRIME-MD diagnoses). RESULTS: Perceived family support and self-rated health were negatively associated with psychological symptoms and certain psychological disorders, while perceived family support and self-rated health were positively rated. In addition, the interaction between perceived family support and self-rated health was significant (p <.01) in relating to psychological symptoms such that psychological symptoms were most elevated in participants reporting dissatisfying family support combined with poor self-rated health. However, the cross-sectional nature of the study prevents causal conclusions from being made. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians and other health care professionals are encouraged to assess both the perceived family support and self-rated health in an effort to conceptualize their patients' problems in a more comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annmarie Cano
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich.; the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Syracuse; the Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Family Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University; and the Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y
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Zhang J, Norvilitis JM. Measuring Chinese psychological well-being with Western developed instruments. J Pers Assess 2002; 79:492-511. [PMID: 12511017 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa7903_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We explored the possibility of applying 4 psychological scales developed and commonly used in the West to Chinese culture. The participants, 273 Chinese and 302 Americans, completed measures of self-esteem (Self-Esteem Scale; Rosenberg, 1965), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale; Radloff, 1977), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988), and suicidal ideation (Scale for Suicide Ideation; Beck, Kovacs, & Weissman, 1979). All scales were found to be reliable and valid cross culturally. Comparative analyses suggest that gender differences on all 4 scales are smaller among the Chinese than the Americans. Americans were more likely to score higher on the socially desirable scales (self-esteem and social support) and lower on the socially undesirable scale (suicidal ideation). However, no cultural differences were found in this study on the measure of depression. Results suggest that, with a few considerations or potential modifications, the current measures could be used in Chinese culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York College at Buffalo, 14222-1095, USA.
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83
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Chou KL. Assessing Chinese adolescents’ social support: the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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