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Diggins NL, Kang H, Weaver A, Webb DJ. α5β1 integrin trafficking and Rac activation are regulated by APPL1 in a Rab5-dependent manner to inhibit cell migration. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.207019. [PMID: 29361527 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a tightly coordinated process that requires the spatiotemporal regulation of many molecular components. Because adaptor proteins can serve as integrators of cellular events, they are being increasingly studied as regulators of cell migration. The adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1) is a 709 amino acid endosomal protein that plays a role in cell proliferation and survival as well as endosomal trafficking and signaling. However, its function in regulating cell migration is poorly understood. Here, we show that APPL1 hinders cell migration by modulating both trafficking and signaling events controlled by Rab5 in cancer cells. APPL1 decreases internalization and increases recycling of α5β1 integrin, leading to higher levels of α5β1 integrin at the cell surface that hinder adhesion dynamics. Furthermore, APPL1 decreases the activity of the GTPase Rac and its effector PAK, which in turn regulate cell migration. Thus, we demonstrate a novel role for the interaction between APPL1 and Rab5 in governing crosstalk between signaling and trafficking pathways on endosomes to affect cancer cell migration.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Diggins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alissa Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Donna J Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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52
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Jonker CTH, Galmes R, Veenendaal T, Ten Brink C, van der Welle REN, Liv N, de Rooij J, Peden AA, van der Sluijs P, Margadant C, Klumperman J. Vps3 and Vps8 control integrin trafficking from early to recycling endosomes and regulate integrin-dependent functions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:792. [PMID: 29476049 PMCID: PMC5824891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recycling endosomes maintain plasma membrane homeostasis and are important for cell polarity, migration, and cytokinesis. Yet, the molecular machineries that drive endocytic recycling remain largely unclear. The CORVET complex is a multi-subunit tether required for fusion between early endosomes. Here we show that the CORVET-specific subunits Vps3 and Vps8 also regulate vesicular transport from early to recycling endosomes. Vps3 and Vps8 localise to Rab4-positive recycling vesicles and co-localise with the CHEVI complex on Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. Depletion of Vps3 or Vps8 does not affect transferrin recycling, but delays the delivery of internalised integrins to recycling endosomes and their subsequent return to the plasma membrane. Consequently, Vps3/8 depletion results in defects in integrin-dependent cell adhesion and spreading, focal adhesion formation, and cell migration. These data reveal a role for Vps3 and Vps8 in a specialised recycling pathway important for integrin trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T H Jonker
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - R Galmes
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - T Veenendaal
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ten Brink
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R E N van der Welle
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J de Rooij
- Section Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht Universty, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A Peden
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - P van der Sluijs
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Margadant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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53
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EFHD2 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and correlates with postsurgical recurrence of stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14617. [PMID: 29097801 PMCID: PMC5668280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery is the only curative treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, approximately one-third of these patients develop recurrence, which remains the main cause of mortality in the postsurgical treatment of NSCLC. Many molecular markers have been proposed to predict recurrence of early-stage disease, but no marker has demonstrated sufficient reliability for clinical application. In the present study, the novel protein EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2) was identified as expressed in highly metastatic tumor cells. EFHD2 increased the formation of protrusive invadopodia structures and cell migration and invasion abilities and promoted the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) character of lung adenocarcinoma cells. We demonstrated that the mechanism of EFHD2 in enhancing EMT occurs partly through inhibition of caveolin-1 (CAV1) for cancer progression. The expression of EFHD2 was significantly correlated with postsurgical recurrence of patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma in the Kaplan-Meier-plotter cancer database search and our retrospective cohort study (HR, 6.14; 95% CI, 2.40-15.74; P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that EFHD2 expression was an independent clinical predictor for this disease. We conclude that EFHD2 expression is associated with increased metastasis and EMT and could serve as an independent marker to predict postsurgical recurrence of patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
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54
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A dual role for the class III PI3K, Vps34, in platelet production and thrombus growth. Blood 2017; 130:2032-2042. [PMID: 28903944 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-781641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover the role of Vps34, the sole class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), in megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets, we created a mouse model with Vps34 deletion in the MK/platelet lineage (Pf4-Cre/Vps34lox/lox). Deletion of Vps34 in MKs led to the loss of its regulator protein, Vps15, and was associated with microthrombocytopenia and platelet granule abnormalities. Although Vps34 deficiency did not affect MK polyploidisation or proplatelet formation, it dampened MK granule biogenesis and directional migration toward an SDF1α gradient, leading to ectopic platelet release within the bone marrow. In MKs, the level of phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) was significantly reduced by Vps34 deletion, resulting in endocytic/trafficking defects. In platelets, the basal level of PI3P was only slightly affected by Vps34 loss, whereas the stimulation-dependent pool of PI3P was significantly decreased. Accordingly, a significant increase in the specific activity of Vps34 lipid kinase was observed after acute platelet stimulation. Similar to Vps34-deficient platelets, ex vivo treatment of wild-type mouse or human platelets with the Vps34-specific inhibitors, SAR405 and VPS34-IN1, induced abnormal secretion and affected thrombus growth at arterial shear rate, indicating a role for Vps34 kinase activity in platelet activation, independent from its role in MKs. In vivo, Vps34 deficiency had no impact on tail bleeding time, but significantly reduced platelet prothrombotic capacity after carotid injury. This study uncovers a dual role for Vps34 as a regulator of platelet production by MKs and as an unexpected regulator of platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation dynamics.
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55
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Liu K, Xing R, Jian Y, Gao Z, Ma X, Sun X, Li Y, Xu M, Wang X, Jing Y, Guo W, Yang C. WDR91 is a Rab7 effector required for neuronal development. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3307-3321. [PMID: 28860274 PMCID: PMC5626554 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-to-late endosome conversion involves switching of early endosomes Rab5 and PtdIns3P to late endosomes Rab7 and PtdIns(3,5)P2. Liu et al. identify WDR91 as a Rab7 effector that couples Rab switching with PtdIns3P down-regulation on endosomes and show that WDR91 is essential for neuronal development. Early-to-late endosome conversion, which is essential for delivery of endosomal cargoes to lysosomes, requires switching of early endosome–specific Rab5 and PtdIns3P to late endosome–specific Rab7 and PtdIns(3,5)P2. In this study, we identify the WD40-repeat protein WDR91 as a Rab7 effector that couples Rab switching with PtdIns3P down-regulation on endosomes. Loss of WDR91 greatly increases endosomal PtdIns3P levels, arresting endosomes at an intermediate stage and blocking endosomal–lysosomal trafficking. WDR91 is recruited to endosomes by interacting with active guanosine triphosophate–Rab7 and inhibits Rab7-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. In mice, global Wdr91 knockout causes neonatal death, whereas brain-specific Wdr91 inactivation impairs brain development and causes postnatal death. Mouse neurons lacking Wdr91 accumulate giant intermediate endosomes and exhibit reduced neurite length and complexity. These phenotypes are rescued by WDR91 but not WDR91 mutants that cannot interact with Rab7. Thus, WDR91 serves as a Rab7 effector that is essential for neuronal development by facilitating endosome conversion in the endosome–lysosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruxiao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yudong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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56
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Liu AP, Botelho RJ, Antonescu CN. The big and intricate dreams of little organelles: Embracing complexity in the study of membrane traffic. Traffic 2017; 18:567-579. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Biophysics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- The Graduate Program in Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University Toronto Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- The Graduate Program in Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University Toronto Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Canada
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57
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Elkhatib N, Bresteau E, Baschieri F, Rioja AL, van Niel G, Vassilopoulos S, Montagnac G. Tubular clathrin/AP-2 lattices pinch collagen fibers to support 3D cell migration. Science 2017; 356:356/6343/eaal4713. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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58
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Coly PM, Gandolfo P, Castel H, Morin F. The Autophagy Machinery: A New Player in Chemotactic Cell Migration. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:78. [PMID: 28261054 PMCID: PMC5311050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradative process that plays a key role in diverse cellular processes such as stress response or differentiation. A growing body of work highlights the direct involvement of autophagy in cell migration and cancer metastasis. Specifically, autophagy has been shown to be involved in modulating cell adhesion dynamics as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. After providing a general overview of the mechanisms controlling autophagosome biogenesis and cell migration, we discuss how chemotactic G protein-coupled receptors, through the repression of autophagy, may orchestrate membrane trafficking and compartmentation of specific proteins at the cell front in order to support the critical steps of directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Michaël Coly
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), DC2NRouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France
| | - Pierrick Gandolfo
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), DC2NRouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France
| | - Hélène Castel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), DC2NRouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France
| | - Fabrice Morin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), DC2NRouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France
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59
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Nguyen ONP, Grimm C, Schneider LS, Chao YK, Atzberger C, Bartel K, Watermann A, Ulrich M, Mayr D, Wahl-Schott C, Biel M, Vollmar AM. Two-Pore Channel Function Is Crucial for the Migration of Invasive Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1427-1438. [PMID: 28108508 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic invasion is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. In this study, we introduce two-pore channels (TPC), a recently described class of NAADP- and PI(3,5)P2-sensitive Ca2+-permeable cation channels in the endolysosomal system of cells, as candidate targets for the treatment of invasive cancers. Inhibition of the channel abrogated migration of metastatic cancer cells in vitro Silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of the two-pore channel TPC2 reduced lung metastasis of mammary mouse cancer cells. Disrupting TPC function halted trafficking of β1-integrin, leading to its accumulation in EEA1-positive early endosomes. As a consequence, invasive cancer cells were no longer able to form leading edges, which are required for adequate migration. Our findings link TPC to cancer cell migration and provide a preclinical proof of concept for their candidacy as targets to treat metastatic cancers. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1427-38. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ong Nam Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina S Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Atzberger
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Watermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Ulrich
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Pathological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wahl-Schott
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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60
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Whitelaw JA, Latorre-Barragan F, Gras S, Pall GS, Leung JM, Heaslip A, Egarter S, Andenmatten N, Nelson SR, Warshaw DM, Ward GE, Meissner M. Surface attachment, promoted by the actomyosin system of Toxoplasma gondii is important for efficient gliding motility and invasion. BMC Biol 2017; 15:1. [PMID: 28100223 PMCID: PMC5242020 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apicomplexan parasites employ a unique form of movement, termed gliding motility, in order to invade the host cell. This movement depends on the parasite’s actomyosin system, which is thought to generate the force during gliding. However, recent evidence questions the exact molecular role of this system, since mutants for core components of the gliding machinery, such as parasite actin or subunits of the MyoA-motor complex (the glideosome), remain motile and invasive, albeit at significantly reduced efficiencies. While compensatory mechanisms and unusual polymerisation kinetics of parasite actin have been evoked to explain these findings, the actomyosin system could also play a role distinct from force production during parasite movement. Results In this study, we compared the phenotypes of different mutants for core components of the actomyosin system in Toxoplasma gondii to decipher their exact role during gliding motility and invasion. We found that, while some phenotypes (apicoplast segregation, host cell egress, dense granule motility) appeared early after induction of the act1 knockout and went to completion, a small percentage of the parasites remained capable of motility and invasion well past the point at which actin levels were undetectable. Those act1 conditional knockout (cKO) and mlc1 cKO that continue to move in 3D do so at speeds similar to wildtype parasites. However, these mutants are virtually unable to attach to a collagen-coated substrate under flow conditions, indicating an important role for the actomyosin system of T. gondii in the formation of attachment sites. Conclusion We demonstrate that parasite actin is essential during the lytic cycle and cannot be compensated by other molecules. Our data suggest a conventional polymerisation mechanism in vivo that depends on a critical concentration of G-actin. Importantly, we demonstrate that the actomyosin system of the parasite functions in attachment to the surface substrate, and not necessarily as force generator. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0343-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Whitelaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Fernanda Latorre-Barragan
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Simon Gras
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Gurman S Pall
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Leung
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Myers Hall 240, 915 E 3rd St Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.,University of Vermont, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Aoife Heaslip
- University of Vermont, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Saskia Egarter
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Nicole Andenmatten
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Shane R Nelson
- University of Vermont, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - David M Warshaw
- University of Vermont, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Gary E Ward
- University of Vermont, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Markus Meissner
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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61
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Kotyza J. Chemokines in tumor proximal fluids. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017; 161:41-49. [PMID: 28115749 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines produced by leukocytes and other types of cells including tumor cells. Their action is determined by the expression of cognate receptors and subsequent signaling in target cells, followed by the modulation of cytoskeletal proteins and the induction of other responses. In tumors, chemokines produced by neoplastic/stroma cells control the leukocyte infiltrate influencing tumor growth and progression. Tumor cells also express functional chemokine receptors responding to chemokine signals, promoting cell survival, proliferation and metastasis formation. Chemokines may be detected in serum of cancer patients, but due to the paracrine nature of these molecules, more significant concentrations are found in the tumor adjacent, non-vascular fluids, collectively called tumor proximal fluids. This review summarizes the expression of CC and CXC chemokines in these fluids, namely in interstitial fluid, pleural, ascitic, and cyst fluids, but also in urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, cervical secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Most comparative clinical studies reveal increased chemokine levels in high-grade tumor proximal fluids rather than in low-grade tumors and benign conditions, indicating shorter survival periods. The data confirm peritumoral fluid chemokines as sensitive diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as offer support for chemokines and their receptors as potential targets for antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Kotyza
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilzen, Czech Republic
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62
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Smith AJ, Wen YA, Stevens PD, Liu J, Wang C, Gao T. PHLPP negatively regulates cell motility through inhibition of Akt activity and integrin expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7801-15. [PMID: 26760962 PMCID: PMC4884955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause for cancer-related mortality. Malignant progression of pancreatic cancer depends not only on rapid proliferation of tumor cells but also on increased cell motility. In this study, we showed that increased PHLPP expression significantly reduced the rate of migration in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells whereas knockdown of PHLPP had the opposite effect. In addition, cell motility at the individual cell level was negatively regulated by PHLPP as determined using time-lapse imaging. Interestingly, the expression of β1 and β4 integrin proteins were decreased in PHLPP overexpressing cells and increased in PHLPP knockdown cells whereas the mRNA levels of integrin were not altered by changes in PHLPP expression. In determining the molecular mechanism underlying PHLPP-mediated regulation of integrin expression, we found that inhibition of lysosome activity rescued integrin expression in PHLPP overexpressing cells, thus suggesting that PHLPP negatively controls cell motility by inhibiting Akt activity to promote lysosome-dependent degradation of integrins. Functionally, the increased cell migration observed in PHLPP knockdown cells was effectively blocked by the neutralizing antibodies against β1 or β4 integrin. Taken together, our study identified a tumor suppressor role of PHLPP in suppressing cell motility by negatively regulating integrin expression in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena J Smith
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yang-An Wen
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Payton D Stevens
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jingpeng Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tianyan Gao
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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63
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Abstract
Tissue-specific transcription regulators emerged as key developmental control genes, which operate in the context of complex gene regulatory networks (GRNs) to coordinate progressive cell fate specification and tissue morphogenesis. We discuss how GRNs control the individual cell behaviors underlying complex morphogenetic events. Cell behaviors classically range from mesenchymal cell motility to cell shape changes in epithelial sheets. These behaviors emerge from the tissue-specific, multiscale integration of the local activities of universal and pleiotropic effectors, which underlie modular subcellular processes including cytoskeletal dynamics, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, signaling, polarity, and vesicle trafficking. Extrinsic cues and intrinsic cell competence determine the subcellular spatiotemporal patterns of effector activities. GRNs influence most subcellular activities by controlling only a fraction of the effector-coding genes, which we argue is enriched in effectors involved in reading and processing the extrinsic cues to contextualize intrinsic subcellular processes and canalize developmental cell behaviors. The properties of the transcription-cell behavior interface have profound implications for evolution and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Bernadskaya
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - Lionel Christiaen
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
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64
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Jimenez-Ruiz E, Morlon-Guyot J, Daher W, Meissner M. Vacuolar protein sorting mechanisms in apicomplexan parasites. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 209:18-25. [PMID: 26844642 PMCID: PMC5154328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The phylum Apicomplexa comprises more than 5000 species including pathogens of clinical and economical importance. These obligate intracellular parasites possess a highly complex endomembrane system to build amongst others three morphologically distinct secretory organelles: rhoptries, micronemes and dense granules. Proteins released by these organelles are essential for invasion and hijacking of the host cell. Due to the complexity of the internal organization of these parasites, a wide panoply of trafficking factors was expected to be required for the correct sorting of proteins towards the various organelles. However, Toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites contain only a core set of these factors and several of the vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) homologues found in most eukaryotes have been lost in this phylum. In this review, we will summarise our current knowledge about the role of trafficking complexes in T. gondii, highlighting recent studies focused on complexes formed by VPS proteins. We also present a novel, hypothetical model, suggesting the recycling of parasite membrane and micronemal proteins.
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65
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Decreased Expression of EHD2 Promotes Tumor Metastasis and Indicates Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2554-67. [PMID: 27221498 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis remains the most common cause of lethal outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. Understanding molecular mechanisms that regulate metastasis process is crucial for improving treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. AIMS In this article, we examined whether Eps15 homology domain-containing 2 (EHD2) played a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and explored the possible mechanism. METHODS EHD2 and E-cadherin expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients were examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound-healing assay and trans-well assay. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition was analyzed by immunofluorescence, and the vital markers were detected by Western blotting. The correlation of EHD2 and E-cadherin was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS EHD2 expression, along with the epithelial marker E-cadherin, was markedly reduced in tumor tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Moreover, EHD2 was positively correlated with E-cadherin, histological grade, tumor metastasis, and microvascular invasion. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that hepatocellular carcinoma patients with decreased EHD2 expression had shorter overall survival times than those with higher EHD2 expression. Knockdown of EHD2 induced an increase in cell invasion and changes characteristic of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while overexpression of EHD2 inhibited these processes. CONCLUSIONS Molecular data indicated that EHD2 inhibited migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma probably by interacting with E-cadherin and it might be an independent, significant risk factor for survival after curative resection.
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66
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Hu J, Shan Z, Hu K, Ren F, Zhang W, Han M, Li Y, Feng K, Lei L, Feng Y. miRNA-223 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric carcinoma cells via Sp1. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:325-35. [PMID: 27212195 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sp1 plays critical roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of certain cancer. However, few studies have indicated whether Sp1 is involved in the EMT of gastric cancer, and whether abnormal expression of Sp1 in gastric cancer EMT is regulated in a post-transcriptional manner, and the involvement of miRNAs in this regulation. In this study, we selected 20 cases of gastric cancers, their liver metastases and para-carcinoma tissues to examine the levels of Sp1 protein and mRNA by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent PCR, which showed that Sp1 was increased in gastric cancers and their metastases compared with adjacent tissues, but there was no difference in Sp1 mRNA between these three groups, suggesting changes in Sp1 may be attributed to inactivation of post-transcriptional regulation. We verified by a luciferase reporter system that miRNA-223 binds to 3'-UTR of Sp1 gene and inhibits its translation, in agreement with negative correlation between miRNA-223 and Sp1 protein levels in gastric cancer cells. By employing TGF-β1 to induce MGC-803, BGC-823 and SGC-7901, we successfully built cellular EMT model. Then, we overexpressed miRNA-223 in the model by using a lentiviral system, which diminished EMT indicators and suppressed proliferation and invasion ability, and induced apoptosis. Finally, we verified the specificity of the regulation pathway miRNA-223/Sp1/EMT. These findings suggest that low expression of miRNA-223 in gastric cancer cells is an important cause for EMT. miRNA-223 specifically regulates the EMT process of gastric cancer cells through its target gene Sp1. Overexpression of miRNA-223 in these cells inhibits EMT via the miRNA-223/Sp1/EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyan Shan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Tumor Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Han
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuezhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Kejian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lei
- School of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
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67
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Hastie EL, Sherwood DR. A new front in cell invasion: The invadopodial membrane. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:441-448. [PMID: 27402208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are F-actin-rich membrane protrusions that breach basement membrane barriers during cell invasion. Since their discovery more than 30 years ago, invadopodia have been extensively investigated in cancer cells in vitro, where great advances in understanding their composition, formation, cytoskeletal regulation, and control of the matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP trafficking have been made. In contrast, few studies examining invadopodia have been conducted in vivo, leaving their physiological regulation unclear. Recent live-cell imaging and gene perturbation studies in C. elegans have revealed that invadopodia are formed with a unique invadopodial membrane, defined by its specialized lipid and associated protein composition, which is rapidly recycled through the endolysosome. Here, we provide evidence that the invadopodial membrane is conserved and discuss its possible functions in traversing basement membrane barriers. Discovery and examination of the invadopodial membrane has important implications in understanding the regulation, assembly, and function of invadopodia in both normal and disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Hastie
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Box 90388, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Box 90388, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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68
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Chamberland JP, Antonow LT, Dias Santos M, Ritter B. NECAP2 controls clathrin coat recruitment to early endosomes for fast endocytic recycling. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2625-37. [PMID: 27206861 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytic recycling returns receptors to the plasma membrane following internalization and is essential to maintain receptor levels on the cell surface, re-sensitize cells to extracellular ligands and for continued nutrient uptake. Yet, the protein machineries and mechanisms that drive endocytic recycling remain ill-defined. Here, we establish that NECAP2 regulates the endocytic recycling of EGFR and transferrin receptor. Our analysis of the recycling dynamics revealed that NECAP2 functions in the fast recycling pathway that directly returns cargo from early endosomes to the cell surface. In contrast, NECAP2 does not regulate the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of these cargos, the degradation of EGFR or the recycling of transferrin along the slow, Rab11-dependent recycling pathway. We show that protein knockdown of NECAP2 leads to enlarged early endosomes and causes the loss of the clathrin adapter AP-1 from the organelle. Through structure-function analysis, we define the protein-binding interfaces in NECAP2 that are crucial for AP-1 recruitment to early endosomes. Together, our data identify NECAP2 as a pathway-specific regulator of clathrin coat formation on early endosomes for fast endocytic recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Chamberland
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lauren T Antonow
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michel Dias Santos
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Brigitte Ritter
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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69
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Moura J, Rodrigues J, Gonçalves M, Amaral C, Lima M, Carvalho E. Impaired T-cell differentiation in diabetic foot ulceration. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:758-769. [PMID: 26996067 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot ulceration is one of the most debilitating complications associated with diabetes, but its cause remains poorly understood. Several studies have been undertaken to understand healing kinetics or find possible therapies to enhance healing. However, few studies have been directed at understanding the immunological alterations that could influence wound healing in diabetes. In this study, we analysed the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity in TCR-αβ+ T cells. We also analysed the distribution and phenotype of T cells obtained from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and diabetic individuals with or without foot ulcers. Our results showed that diabetic individuals, especially those with foot ulcers, have a significantly lower naive T-cell number and a poorer TCR-Vβ repertoire diversity. We also showed that the reduced TCR-Vβ repertoire diversity in diabetic individuals was mainly owing to the accumulation of effector T cells, the major source of tumour necrosis factor-α production, which was even more pronounced in patients with acute foot ulceration. Moreover, the expression of several inflammatory chemokine receptors was significantly reduced in diabetic patients. In conclusion, effector T-cell accumulation and TCR repertoire diversity reduction appear to precede the development of foot ulcers. This finding may open new immunological therapeutic possibilities and provide a new prognostic tool in diabetic wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moura
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- Hospital de Santo António (HSA), Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal.,Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Gonçalves
- Hospital de Santo António (HSA), Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal.,Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Amaral
- Hospital de Santo António (HSA), Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lima
- Hospital de Santo António (HSA), Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal.,Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.,Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
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70
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Yamanaka D, Akama T, Chida K, Minami S, Ito K, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Associated Protein (PI3KAP)/XB130 Crosslinks Actin Filaments through Its Actin Binding and Multimerization Properties In Vitro and Enhances Endocytosis in HEK293 Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:89. [PMID: 27462298 PMCID: PMC4939424 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-crosslinking proteins control actin filament networks and bundles and contribute to various cellular functions including regulation of cell migration, cell morphology, and endocytosis. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-associated protein (PI3KAP)/XB130 has been reported to be localized to actin filaments (F-actin) and required for cell migration in thyroid carcinoma cells. Here, we show a role for PI3KAP/XB130 as an actin-crosslinking protein. First, we found that the carboxyl terminal region of PI3KAP/XB130 containing amino acid residues 830-840 was required and sufficient for localization to F-actin in NIH3T3 cells, and this region is directly bound to F-actin in vitro. Moreover, actin-crosslinking assay revealed that recombinant PI3KAP/XB130 crosslinked F-actin. In general, actin-crosslinking proteins often multimerize to assemble multiple actin-binding sites. We then investigated whether PI3KAP/XB130 could form a multimer. Blue native-PAGE analysis showed that recombinant PI3KAP/XB130 was detected at 250-1200 kDa although the molecular mass was approximately 125 kDa, suggesting that PI3KAP/XB130 formed multimers. Furthermore, we found that the amino terminal 40 amino acids were required for this multimerization by co-immunoprecipitation assay in HEK293T cells. Deletion mutants of PI3KAP/XB130 lacking the actin-binding region or the multimerizing region did not crosslink actin filaments, indicating that actin binding and multimerization of PI3KAP/XB130 were necessary to crosslink F-actin. Finally, we examined roles of PI3KAP/XB130 on endocytosis, an actin-related biological process. Overexpression of PI3KAP/XB130 enhanced dextran uptake in HEK 293 cells. However, most of the cells transfected with the deletion mutant lacking the actin-binding region incorporated dextran to a similar extent as control cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PI3KAP/XB130 crosslinks F-actin through both its actin-binding region and multimerizing region and plays an important role in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Models, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Japan
- Department of Bioregulation, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akama
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shiro Minami
- Department of Bioregulation, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Models, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiko Hakuno, ; Shin-Ichiro Takahashi,
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiko Hakuno, ; Shin-Ichiro Takahashi,
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71
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Tang BL. Rab, Arf, and Arl-Regulated Membrane Traffic in Cortical Neuron Migration. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1417-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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72
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Stonin1 mediates endocytosis of the proteoglycan NG2 and regulates focal adhesion dynamics and cell motility. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8535. [PMID: 26437238 PMCID: PMC4600748 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular functions, ranging from focal adhesion (FA) dynamics and cell motility to tumour growth, are orchestrated by signals cells receive from outside via cell surface receptors. Signalling is fine-tuned by the exo–endocytic cycling of these receptors to control cellular responses such as FA dynamics, which determine cell motility. How precisely endocytosis regulates turnover of the various cell surface receptors remains unclear. Here we identify Stonin1, an endocytic adaptor of unknown function, as a regulator of FA dynamics and cell motility, and demonstrate that it facilitates the internalization of the oncogenic proteoglycan NG2, a co-receptor of integrins and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Embryonic fibroblasts obtained from Stonin1-deficient mice display a marked surface accumulation of NG2, increased cellular signalling and defective FA disassembly as well as altered cellular motility. These data establish Stonin1 as a specific adaptor for the endocytosis of NG2 and as an important factor for FA dynamics and cell migration. Signalling is often fine-tuned by the exo-endocytic cycling of cell surface receptors. Here, the authors show that the endocytic adaptor protein Stonin1 is important for the endocytosis of NG2, a co-receptor for extracellular matrix and growth factors, and that loss of Stonin1 alters cell motility.
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