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Moyzis AG, Lally NS, Liang W, Leon LJ, Najor RH, Orogo AM, Gustafsson ÅB. Mcl-1-mediated mitochondrial fission protects against stress but impairs cardiac adaptation to exercise. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 146:109-120. [PMID: 32717194 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is a structurally and functionally unique anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. While elevated levels of Mcl-1 contribute to tumor cell survival and drug resistance, loss of Mcl-1 in cardiac myocytes leads to rapid mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure development. Although Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein, previous studies indicate that its functions extend beyond regulating apoptosis. Mcl-1 is localized to both the mitochondrial outer membrane and matrix. Here, we have identified that Mcl-1 in the outer mitochondrial membrane mediates mitochondrial fission, which is independent of its anti-apoptotic function. We demonstrate that Mcl-1 interacts with Drp1 to promote mitochondrial fission in response to various challenges known to perturb mitochondria morphology. Induction of fission by Mcl-1 reduces nutrient deprivation-induced cell death and the protection is independent of its BH3 domain. Finally, cardiac-specific overexpression of Mcl-1OM, but not Mcl-1Matrix, contributes to a shift in the balance towards fission and leads to reduced exercise capacity, suggesting that a pre-existing fragmented mitochondrial network leads to decreased ability to adapt to an acute increase in workload and energy demand. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of Mcl-1 in maintaining mitochondrial health in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Moyzis
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Navraj S Lally
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Wenjing Liang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Leonardo J Leon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Rita H Najor
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Amabel M Orogo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
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Qiao X, Niu X, Shi J, Chen L, Wang X, Liu J, Zhu L, Zhong M. Wnt5a regulates Ameloblastoma Cell Migration by modulating Mitochondrial and Cytoskeletal Dynamics. J Cancer 2020; 11:5490-5502. [PMID: 32742496 PMCID: PMC7391189 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Abnormal expression of Wnt5a has been detected in various tumors, including ameloblastoma (AB). Yet, there is no specific mechanistic evidence for the functional role of Wnt5a in AB. In this study, we aimed to conduct a mechanistic examination of the importance of Wnt5a in AB development. Methods: The expressions of Wnt5a and Coro1A were examined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry both in AB tissues and AM-1 cells. The number and size of mitochondria were detected by electronic transmission microscope and confocal microscope. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays were used to explore the biological roles of Wnt5a and Coro1A in organelle dynamics changes and cell migration. Cell migration was detected by wound healing and transwell assay. Results: We found that in AM-1 cells, up-regulation of Wnt5a led to enhanced mitochondrial energy production and altered calcium homeostasis, with elevated calcium levels directly leading to altered mitochondrial dynamics and interactions between the cytoskeleton and the mitochondria. When Wnt5a or its downstream cytoskeleton-associated protein Coro1A was knocked down, the migration capacity of AM-1 cells was markedly impaired. Conclusion: Together, these results suggest that Wnt5a plays mitochondria and cytoskeleton specific roles in regulating the development of human AB, with its down-regulation leading to impaired tumor development, thus highlighting Wnt5a or Coro1A as potentially viable therapeutic targets for the treatment of AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xing Niu
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junxiu Shi
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Stomatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Zilocchi M, Moutaoufik MT, Jessulat M, Phanse S, Aly KA, Babu M. Misconnecting the dots: altered mitochondrial protein-protein interactions and their role in neurodegenerative disorders. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:119-136. [PMID: 31986926 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1723419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Mitochondria (mt) are protein-protein interaction (PPI) hubs in the cell where mt-localized and associated proteins interact in a fashion critical for cell fitness. Altered mtPPIs are linked to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) and drivers of pathological associations to mediate ND progression. Mapping altered mtPPIs will reveal how mt dysfunction is linked to NDs.Areas covered: This review discusses how database sources reflect on the number of mt protein or interaction predictions, and serves as an update on mtPPIs in mt dynamics and homeostasis. Emphasis is given to mRNA expression profiles for mt proteins in human tissues, cellular models relevant to NDs, and altered mtPPIs in NDs such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Expert opinion: We highlight the scarcity of biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy and tracking of ND progression, obstacles in recapitulating NDs using human cellular models to underpin the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease, and the shortage of mt protein interactome reference database(s) of neuronal cells. These bottlenecks are addressed by improvements in induced pluripotent stem cell creation and culturing, patient-derived 3D brain organoids to recapitulate structural arrangements of the brain, and cell sorting to elucidate mt proteome disparities between cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Zilocchi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Matthew Jessulat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Khaled A Aly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Much More Than a Scaffold: Cytoskeletal Proteins in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020358. [PMID: 32033020 PMCID: PMC7072452 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent observations related to the structure of the cytoskeleton in neurons and novel cytoskeletal abnormalities involved in the pathophysiology of some neurological diseases are changing our view on the function of the cytoskeletal proteins in the nervous system. These efforts allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological diseases and allow us to see beyond our current knowledge for the development of new treatments. The neuronal cytoskeleton can be described as an organelle formed by the three-dimensional lattice of the three main families of filaments: actin filaments, microtubules, and neurofilaments. This organelle organizes well-defined structures within neurons (cell bodies and axons), which allow their proper development and function through life. Here, we will provide an overview of both the basic and novel concepts related to those cytoskeletal proteins, which are emerging as potential targets in the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurological disorders.
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Shimizu T, Kozuka Y, Kusano M, Nagane M, Yamashita T, Hachiya N. PrP (122-139) is a covert mitochondrial targeting signal of prion protein and it specifically triggers the perinuclear clustering of mitochondria in neuronal culture cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:301-307. [PMID: 31987501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In many neurodegenerative diseases, mitochondria are actively involved in the onset and/or progression of diseases because the energy depletion of the neuronal cells directly leads to the dysfunction and degeneration of cells. In the case of prion diseases, mitochondrial involvement has been reported recently and evidence that prion protein (PrP) is localized in mitochondria is increasing. Despite these findings, the precise molecular mechanism by which PrP targets mitochondria remains unclear. PrP is a secretory protein and does not have a pre-sequence that targets the mitochondria, therefore, we thought that there was a covert signal in the amino acid sequence of PrP. To find the sequence, we constructed various GFP-fused PrP-truncations and colocalization with mitochondria was verified by live-cell imaging. Consequently, we found that 18 amino acids, PrP (122-139), are indispensable for the mitochondrial targeting of PrP. In addition, fluorescent microscopy observation revealed that PrP-localized mitochondria were accumulated at the perinuclear region in neuronal cells such as mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a (N2a) and prion persistent infection N2a strain (ScN2a), anterograde movement of the mitochondria toward the cell membrane was completely inhibited because of the stacking of PrP on the outer membrane. The cristae formation of perinuclear accumulated mitochondria was disappeared indicating the reduced mitochondrial activity. Surprisingly, PrP-dependent mitochondrial perinuclear accumulation was specifically occurred on neuronal cells, whereas in epithelial HeLa cells and fibroblast COS-7 cells, no perinuclear accumulation observed even after the mitochondrial targeting of PrP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Shimizu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamiharas-shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Kozuka
- Shinku Device, Co. Ltd., 1285-5 Iijima-Cho, Mito, Ibaraki, 311-4155, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kusano
- Joyful Life, Inc., 4-5 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamiharas-shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamiharas-shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Naomi Hachiya
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.
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Vetter A, Jahn K, Bouameur JE, Kiritsi D, Magin TM. Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Keratinocytes Show Disturbed Mitochondrial Positioning and Activity. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1438-1442.e5. [PMID: 31958432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Vetter
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Jahn
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jamal-Eddine Bouameur
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Microtubule and Actin Differentially Regulate Synaptic Vesicle Cycling to Maintain High-Frequency Neurotransmission. J Neurosci 2019; 40:131-142. [PMID: 31767677 PMCID: PMC6939482 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1571-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal filaments such as microtubules (MTs) and filamentous actin (F-actin) dynamically support cell structure and functions. In central presynaptic terminals, F-actin is expressed along the release edge and reportedly plays diverse functional roles, but whether axonal MTs extend deep into terminals and play any physiological role remains controversial. Cytoskeletal filaments such as microtubules (MTs) and filamentous actin (F-actin) dynamically support cell structure and functions. In central presynaptic terminals, F-actin is expressed along the release edge and reportedly plays diverse functional roles, but whether axonal MTs extend deep into terminals and play any physiological role remains controversial. At the calyx of Held in rats of either sex, confocal and high-resolution microscopy revealed that MTs enter deep into presynaptic terminal swellings and partially colocalize with a subset of synaptic vesicles (SVs). Electrophysiological analysis demonstrated that depolymerization of MTs specifically prolonged the slow-recovery time component of EPSCs from short-term depression induced by a train of high-frequency stimulation, whereas depolymerization of F-actin specifically prolonged the fast-recovery component. In simultaneous presynaptic and postsynaptic action potential recordings, depolymerization of MTs or F-actin significantly impaired the fidelity of high-frequency neurotransmission. We conclude that MTs and F-actin differentially contribute to slow and fast SV replenishment, thereby maintaining high-frequency neurotransmission. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The presence and functional role of MTs in the presynaptic terminal are controversial. Here, we demonstrate that MTs are present near SVs in calyceal presynaptic terminals and that MT depolymerization specifically prolongs the slow-recovery component of EPSCs from short-term depression. In contrast, F-actin depolymerization specifically prolongs fast-recovery component. Depolymerization of MT or F-actin has no direct effect on SV exocytosis/endocytosis or basal transmission, but significantly impairs the fidelity of high-frequency transmission, suggesting that presynaptic cytoskeletal filaments play essential roles in SV replenishment for the maintenance of high-frequency neurotransmission.
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Luo S, Gao X, Ding J, Liu C, Du C, Hou C, Zhu J, Lou B. Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Traits of Spermatogenesis and Testicular Development in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E958. [PMID: 31766567 PMCID: PMC6947352 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Larimichthys crocea is an economically important marine fish in China. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development and spermatogenesis in L. crocea have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis between testes (TES) and pooled multiple tissues (PMT) (liver, spleen, heart, and kidney) from six male individuals. More than 54 million clean reads were yielded from TES and PMT libraries. After mapping to the draft genome of L. crocea, we acquired 25,787 genes from the transcriptome dataset. Expression analyses identified a total of 3853 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2194 testes-biased genes (highly expressed in the TES) and 1659 somatic-biased genes (highly expressed in the PMT). The dataset was further annotated by blasting with multi-databases. Functional genes and enrichment pathways involved in spermatogenesis and testicular development were analyzed, such as the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, cell cycle pathway, and dynein, kinesin, myosin, actin, heat shock protein (hsp), synaptonemal complex protein 2 (sycp2), doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1), spermatogenesis-associated genes (spata), DEAD-Box Helicases (ddx), tudor domain-containing protein (tdrd), and piwi genes. The candidate genes identified by this study lay the foundation for further studies into the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development and spermatogenesis in L. crocea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Xinming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Chen Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Congcong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Bao Lou
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
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Ježek P, Dlasková A. Dynamic of mitochondrial network, cristae, and mitochondrial nucleoids in pancreatic β-cells. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:245-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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The organization of Golgi in Drosophila bristles requires microtubule motor protein function and a properly organized microtubule array. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223174. [PMID: 31577833 PMCID: PMC6774520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present report, we used highly elongated Drosophila bristle cells to dissect the role of dynein heavy chain (Dhc64C) in Golgi organization. We demonstrated that whereas in the bristle "somal" region Golgi units are composed of cis-, medial, and trans-Golgi compartments ("complete Golgi"), the bristle shaft contains Golgi satellites that lack the trans-Golgi compartment (hereafter referred to as "incomplete Golgi") and which are static and localized at the base area. However, in Dhc64C mutants, the entire bristle shaft was filled with complete Golgi units containing ectopic trans-Golgi components. To further understand Golgi bristle organization, we tested the roles of microtubule (MT) polarity and the Dhc-opposing motor, kinesin heavy chain (Khc). For our surprise, we found that in Khc and Ik2Dominant-negative (DN) flies in which the polarized organization of MTs is affected, the bristle shaft was filled with complete Golgi, similarly to what is seen in Dhc64C flies. Thus, we demonstrated that MTs and the motor proteins Dhc and Khc are required for bristle Golgi organization. However, the fact that both Dhc64C and Khc flies showed similar Golgi defects calls for an additional work to elucidate the molecular mechanism describing why these factors are required for bristle Golgi organization.
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Syntaphilin-Mediated Docking of Mitochondria at the Growth Cone Is Dispensable for Axon Elongation In Vivo. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0026-19.2019. [PMID: 31481398 PMCID: PMC6751374 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0026-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are abundantly detected at the growth cone, the dynamic distal tip of developing axons that directs growth and guidance. It is, however, poorly understood how mitochondrial dynamics relate to growth cone behavior in vivo, and which mechanisms are responsible for anchoring mitochondria at the growth cone during axon pathfinding. Here, we show that in retinal axons elongating along the optic tract in zebrafish, mitochondria accumulate in the central area of the growth cone and are occasionally observed in filopodia extending from the growth cone periphery. Mitochondrial behavior at the growth cone in vivo is dynamic, with mitochondrial positioning and anterograde transport strongly correlating with growth cone behavior and axon outgrowth. Using novel zebrafish mutant lines that lack the mitochondrial anchoring proteins Syntaphilin a and b, we further show that Syntaphilins contribute to mitochondrial immobilization at the growth cone. Syntaphilins are, however, not required for proper growth cone morphology and axon growth in vivo, indicating that Syntaphilin-mediated anchoring of mitochondria at the growth cone plays only a minor role in elongating axons.
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Valdinocci D, Simões RF, Kovarova J, Cunha-Oliveira T, Neuzil J, Pountney DL. Intracellular and Intercellular Mitochondrial Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:930. [PMID: 31619944 PMCID: PMC6760022 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of alpha-synuclein-positive inclusion bodies (Lewy bodies) and the loss of catecholaminergic neurons are the primary pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the dysfunction of mitochondria has long been recognized as a key component in the progression of the disease. Dysfunctional mitochondria can in turn lead to dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and, especially in dopaminergic neurons, raised mean intracellular calcium concentration. As calcium binding to alpha-synuclein is one of the important triggers of alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction will promote inclusion body formation and disease progression. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from inefficiencies in the electron transport chain also contribute to the formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates and neuronal loss. Recent studies have also highlighted defects in mitochondrial clearance that lead to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria. Transaxonal and intracytoplasmic translocation of mitochondria along the microtubule cytoskeleton may also be affected in diseased neurons. Furthermore, nanotube-mediated intercellular transfer of mitochondria has recently been reported between different cell types and may have relevance to the spread of PD pathology between adjacent brain regions. In the current review, the contributions of both intracellular and intercellular mitochondrial dynamics to the etiology of PD will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Valdinocci
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Rui F. Simões
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Jaromira Kovarova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czechia
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czechia
| | - Dean L. Pountney
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
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Flannery PJ, Trushina E. Mitochondrial dynamics and transport in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:109-120. [PMID: 31216425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is now recognized as a contributing factor to the early pathology of multiple human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are signaling organelles with a multitude of functions ranging from energy production to a regulation of cellular metabolism, energy homeostasis, stress response, and cell fate. The success of these complex processes critically depends on the fidelity of mitochondrial dynamics that include the ability of mitochondria to change shape and location in the cell, which is essential for the maintenance of proper function and quality control, particularly in polarized cells such as neurons. This review highlights several aspects of alterations in mitochondrial dynamics in Alzheimer's disease, which may contribute to the etiology of this debilitating condition. We also discuss therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial dynamics and function that may provide an alternative approach to failed amyloid-directed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Contrasting effects of microtubule destabilizers versus stabilizers on induction of death in G1 phase of the cell cycle. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 162:213-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (hereafter dynein) is an essential cellular motor that drives the movement of diverse cargos along the microtubule cytoskeleton, including organelles, vesicles and RNAs. A long-standing question is how a single form of dynein can be adapted to a wide range of cellular functions in both interphase and mitosis. Recent progress has provided new insights - dynein interacts with a group of activating adaptors that provide cargo-specific and/or function-specific regulation of the motor complex. Activating adaptors such as BICD2 and Hook1 enhance the stability of the complex that dynein forms with its required activator dynactin, leading to highly processive motility toward the microtubule minus end. Furthermore, activating adaptors mediate specific interactions of the motor complex with cargos such as Rab6-positive vesicles or ribonucleoprotein particles for BICD2, and signaling endosomes for Hook1. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we highlight the conserved structural features found in dynein activators, the effects of these activators on biophysical parameters, such as motor velocity and stall force, and the specific intracellular functions they mediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Olenick
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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66
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Altieri DC. Mitochondrial dynamics and metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:827-835. [PMID: 30415375 PMCID: PMC6559795 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cellular metabolism are now a recognized hallmark of cancer. Although this process is ripe with therapeutic potential in the clinic, its complexity and extraordinary plasticity have systematically defied dogmas and oversimplifications. Perhaps, best exemplifying this intricacy is the role of mitochondria in cancer, which in just a few years has gone from largely unnoticed to pivotal disease driver. The underlying mechanisms are only beginning to emerge. However, there is now clear evidence linking the dynamic nature of mitochondria to the machinery of tumor cell motility and metastatic spreading. These studies may open fresh therapeutic options for patients with disseminated cancer, currently an incurable and mostly lethal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program and Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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67
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Wen Q, Wu S, Lee WM, Wong CKC, Lui WY, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Myosin VIIa Supports Spermatid/Organelle Transport and Cell Adhesion During Spermatogenesis in the Rat Testis. Endocrinology 2019; 160:484-503. [PMID: 30649248 PMCID: PMC6372944 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The biology of transport of spermatids and spermatid adhesion across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle remains largely unexplored. Nonetheless, studies have implicated the role of motor proteins in these cellular events. In this article, we report findings to unravel the role of myosin VIIa, an F-actin-based barbed (+)-end-directed motor protein, to support cellular transport and adhesion in the testis. Using RNA interference to knock down myosin VIIa in Sertoli cells cultured in vitro as a study model was shown to perturb the Sertoli cell tight junction permeability barrier, mediated through disorganization of actin- or microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons owing to disruptive changes on the spatiotemporal expression of F-actin or MT-regulatory proteins. Consistent with these in vitro findings, knockdown of myosin VIIa in the testis in vivo also induced disorganization of the actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons across the seminiferous epithelium, mediated by disruptive changes in the spatiotemporal expression of actin- and MT-based regulatory proteins. More important, the transport of spermatids and organelles across the epithelium, as well as cell adhesion, was grossly disrupted. For instance, step 19 spermatids failed to be transported to the adluminal compartment near the tubule lumen to undergo spermiation; in this manner, step 19 spermatids were persistently detected in stage IX and XII tubules, intermingling with step 9 and 12 spermatids, respectively. Also, phagosomes were detected near the tubule lumen in stage I to III tubules when they should have been degraded near the base of the seminiferous epithelium via the lysosomal pathway. In summary, myosin VIIa motor protein was crucial to support cellular transport and adhesion during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Siwen Wu
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
- Correspondence: C. Yan Cheng, PhD, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065. E-mail:
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68
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Correlative cryo-electron microscopy reveals the structure of TNTs in neuronal cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:342. [PMID: 30664666 PMCID: PMC6341166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The orchestration of intercellular communication is essential for multicellular organisms. One mechanism by which cells communicate is through long, actin-rich membranous protrusions called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), which allow the intercellular transport of various cargoes, between the cytoplasm of distant cells in vitro and in vivo. With most studies failing to establish their structural identity and examine whether they are truly open-ended organelles, there is a need to study the anatomy of TNTs at the nanometer resolution. Here, we use correlative FIB-SEM, light- and cryo-electron microscopy approaches to elucidate the structural organization of neuronal TNTs. Our data indicate that they are composed of a bundle of open-ended individual tunneling nanotubes (iTNTs) that are held together by threads labeled with anti-N-Cadherin antibodies. iTNTs are filled with parallel actin bundles on which different membrane-bound compartments and mitochondria appear to transfer. These results provide evidence that neuronal TNTs have distinct structural features compared to other cell protrusions. The architecture of functional TNTs is still under debate. Here, the authors combine correlative FIB-SEM, light- and cryo-electron microscopy approaches to elucidate the structure of TNTs in neuronal cells, showing that they form structures that are distinct form other membrane protrusions.
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69
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Wang Y, Metz J, Costello JL, Passmore J, Schrader M, Schultz C, Islinger M. Intracellular redistribution of neuronal peroxisomes in response to ACBD5 expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209507. [PMID: 30589881 PMCID: PMC6307868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes can be frequently found in proximity to other subcellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria or lysosomes. The tail-anchored protein ACBD5 was recently identified as part of a tethering complex at peroxisome-ER contact sites, interacting with the ER resident protein VAPB. Contact site disruption was found to significantly increase peroxisome motility, apparently interfering with intracellular positioning systems. Unlike other somatic cells, neurons have to distribute organelles across relatively long distances in order to maintain their extraordinary cellular polarity. Using confocal live imaging microscopy in cultured hippocampal neurons we observed that peroxisomes and mitochondria show a strikingly similar motility with approximately 10% performing microtubule-driven long range movements. In order to investigate if ER contacts influence overall peroxisome motility and cellular distribution patterns, hippocampal neurons were transfected with plasmids encoding ACBD5 to stimulate peroxisome-ER interactions. Overexpression of ACBD5 reduced peroxisomal long range movements in the neurites of the hippocampal cells by 70%, implying that ER attachment counteracts microtubule-driven peroxisome transport, while mitochondrial motility was unaffected. Moreover, the analyses of peroxisome distribution in fixed neurons unveiled a significant redistribution of peroxisomes towards the periphery of the perikaryon underneath the plasma membrane and into neurites, where peroxisomes are frequently found in close proximity to mitochondria. Surprisingly, further analysis of peroxisome and VAPB distribution upon ACBD5 expression did not reveal a substantial colocalization, implying this effect may be independent of VAPB. In line with these findings, expression of an ACBD5 variant unable to bind to VAPB still altered the localization of peroxisomes in the same way as the wild-type ACBD5. Thus, we conclude, that the VAPB-ACBD5 facilitated peroxisome-ER interaction is not responsible for the observed organelle redistribution in neurons. Rather, we suggest that additional ACBD5-binding proteins in neurons may tether peroxisomes to contact sites at or near the plasma membrane of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Wang
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine & Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jeremy Metz
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Christian Schultz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine & Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine & Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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70
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Wen Q, Tang EI, Lui WY, Lee WM, Wong CKC, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Dynein 1 supports spermatid transport and spermiation during spermatogenesis in the rat testis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E924-E948. [PMID: 30016153 PMCID: PMC6293164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00114.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian testis, spermatogenesis is dependent on the microtubule (MT)-specific motor proteins, such as dynein 1, that serve as the engine to support germ cell and organelle transport across the seminiferous epithelium at different stages of the epithelial cycle. Yet the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that support this series of cellular events remain unknown. Herein, we used RNAi to knockdown cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain (Dync1h1) and an inhibitor ciliobrevin D to inactivate dynein in Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo, thereby probing the role of dynein 1 in spermatogenesis. Both treatments were shown to extensively induce disruption of MT organization across Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo. These changes also perturbed the transport of spermatids and other organelles (such as phagosomes) across the epithelium. These changes thus led to disruption of spermatogenesis. Interestingly, the knockdown of dynein 1 or its inactivation by ciliobrevin D also perturbed gross disruption of F-actin across the Sertoli cells in vitro and the seminiferous epithelium in vivo, illustrating there are cross talks between the two cytoskeletons in the testis. In summary, these findings confirm the role of cytoplasmic dynein 1 to support the transport of spermatids and organelles across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth I Tang
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
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71
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Delgado M, Chambers TC. Microtubules play an essential role in the survival of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells advancing through G1 phase. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1784-1796. [PMID: 29995568 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1496746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells are susceptible to the microtubule depolymerizing agent vincristine (VCR) in G1 phase. This finding prompted testing another G1 phase-active compound, palbociclib (PCB), a highly selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6), alone and in combination with VCR. PCB used alone caused G1 arrest in ALL cells with no effect on cell viability, and similar results were obtained for the retinoblastoma (RB)-proficient T98G glioblastoma cell line. In contrast, HeLa cells failed to arrest in the presence of PCB, consistent with their lack of dependence on the CDK4/6-RB pathway. When ALL cells were pretreated with PCB, they became refractory to death in G1 phase induced by VCR treatment, whereas HeLa cells retained VCR sensitivity after PCB pretreatment. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that PCB did not disrupt the microtubule network nor prevent VCR from doing so. Furthermore, ALL cells pretreated with PCB retained susceptibility to the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-263, indicating that downstream apoptotic signaling was unaffected. When released from PCB-enforced arrest, ALL cells reinitiated cycling and regained sensitivity to VCR. ALL cells treated with cycloheximide also arrested in G1 phase and became insensitive to VCR, independently reinforcing conclusions derived from PCB-imposed arrest. Thus, primary ALL cells advancing through G1 phase are strictly dependent on functional microtubules for survival whereas microtubules are dispensable for G1-arrested cells. These findings provide novel insight into interphase microtubule function and, from a therapy standpoint, strongly caution against combining microtubule targeting agents and CDK4/6 inhibitors for ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Delgado
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Timothy C Chambers
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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72
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Huelgas Morales
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David Greenstein
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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73
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Giorgi C, Marchi S, Simoes IC, Ren Z, Morciano G, Perrone M, Patalas-Krawczyk P, Borchard S, Jȩdrak P, Pierzynowska K, Szymański J, Wang DQ, Portincasa P, Wȩgrzyn G, Zischka H, Dobrzyn P, Bonora M, Duszynski J, Rimessi A, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Dobrzyn A, Szabadkai G, Zavan B, Oliveira PJ, Sardao VA, Pinton P, Wieckowski MR. Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 340:209-344. [PMID: 30072092 PMCID: PMC8127332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been linked to several degenerative processes that, through the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage, can progressively lead to cell dysfunction and organ failure. Human aging is linked with a higher risk for individuals to develop cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. The understanding of the molecular basis of aging and associated diseases has been one major challenge of scientific research over the last decades. Mitochondria, the center of oxidative metabolism and principal site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, are crucial both in health and in pathogenesis of many diseases. Redox signaling is important for the modulation of cell functions and several studies indicate a dual role for ROS in cell physiology. In fact, high concentrations of ROS are pathogenic and can cause severe damage to cell and organelle membranes, DNA, and proteins. On the other hand, moderate amounts of ROS are essential for the maintenance of several biological processes, including gene expression. In this review, we provide an update regarding the key roles of ROS-mitochondria cross talk in different fundamental physiological or pathological situations accompanying aging and highlighting that mitochondrial ROS may be a decisive target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines C.M. Simoes
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
- Maria Pia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paulina Patalas-Krawczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sabine Borchard
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paulina Jȩdrak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Jȩdrzej Szymański
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Q. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Grzegorz Wȩgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Departments of Cell Biology and Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jerzy Duszynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vilma A. Sardao
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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74
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Miro-Working beyond Mitochondria and Microtubules. Cells 2018; 7:cells7030018. [PMID: 29510535 PMCID: PMC5870350 DOI: 10.3390/cells7030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Miro is best known for its regulation of mitochondrial movement by engaging with the microtubule-based motor proteins kinesin and dynein. Very recent findings have now showed that Miro also targets peroxisomes and regulates microtubule-dependent peroxisome motility. Moreover, Miro recruits and stabilizes the myosin motor Myo19 at the mitochondria to enable actin-based mitochondria movement, which is important for mitochondrial segregation during mitosis. Miro thus has much broader functions that previously known, and these new findings may have important implications on disease pathology.
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75
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Ježek J, Cooper KF, Strich R. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Dynamics: The Yin and Yang of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cancer Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E13. [PMID: 29337889 PMCID: PMC5789323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with a highly dynamic ultrastructure maintained by a delicate equilibrium between its fission and fusion rates. Understanding the factors influencing this balance is important as perturbations to mitochondrial dynamics can result in pathological states. As a terminal site of nutrient oxidation for the cell, mitochondrial powerhouses harness energy in the form of ATP in a process driven by the electron transport chain. Contemporaneously, electrons translocated within the electron transport chain undergo spontaneous side reactions with oxygen, giving rise to superoxide and a variety of other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrially-derived ROS can mediate redox signaling or, in excess, cause cell injury and even cell death. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial ultrastructure is tightly coupled to ROS generation depending on the physiological status of the cell. Yet, the mechanism by which changes in mitochondrial shape modulate mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis is less clear. Aberrant mitochondrial morphology may lead to enhanced ROS formation, which, in turn, may deteriorate mitochondrial health and further exacerbate oxidative stress in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Here, we review the latest findings on the intricate relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production, focusing mainly on its role in malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ježek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Katrina F Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Randy Strich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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76
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Cartoni R, Pekkurnaz G, Wang C, Schwarz TL, He Z. A high mitochondrial transport rate characterizes CNS neurons with high axonal regeneration capacity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184672. [PMID: 28926622 PMCID: PMC5604968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving axonal transport in the injured and diseased central nervous system has been proposed as a promising strategy to improve neuronal repair. However, the contribution of each cargo to the repair mechanism is unknown. DRG neurons globally increase axonal transport during regeneration. Because the transport of specific cargos after axonal insult has not been examined systematically in a model of enhanced regenerative capacity, it is unknown whether the transport of all cargos would be modulated equally in injured central nervous system neurons. Here, using a microfluidic culture system we compared neurons co-deleted for PTEN and SOCS3, an established model of high axonal regeneration capacity, to control neurons. We measured the axonal transport of three cargos (mitochondria, synaptic vesicles and late endosomes) in regenerating axons and found that the transport of mitochondria, but not the other cargos, was increased in PTEN/SOCS3 co-deleted axons relative to controls. The results reported here suggest a pivotal role for this organelle during axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Cartoni
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Schwarz
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZH); (TLS)
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZH); (TLS)
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