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Phenotypic characterization and analysis of complete genomes of two distinct strains of the proposed species "L. swaminathanii". Sci Rep 2022; 12:9137. [PMID: 35650389 PMCID: PMC9159981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a new Listeria species, “Listeria swaminathanii”, was proposed. Here, we phenotypically and genotypically characterize two additional strains that were previously obtained from soil samples and compare the results to the type strain. Complete genomes for both strains were assembled from hybrid Illumina and Nanopore sequencing reads and annotated. Further genomic analysis including average nucleotide identity (ANI) and detection of mobile genetic elements and genes of interest (e.g., virulence-associated) were conducted. The strains showed 98.7–98.8% ANI with the type strain. The UTK C1-0015 genome contained a partial monocin locus and a plasmid, while the UTK C1-0024 genome contained a full monocin locus and a prophage. Phenotypic characterization consistent with those performed on the proposed type strain was conducted to assess consistency of phenotypes across a greater diversity of the proposed species (n = 3 instead of n = 1). Only a few findings were notably different from those of the type strain, such as catalase activity, glycerol metabolism, starch metabolism, and growth at 41 °C. This study further expands our understanding of this newly proposed sensu stricto Listeria species.
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52
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Thomas TSM, Thomas J, le Roux K, Duze ST, Mkhwanazi F, Duse A. Diagnostic challenges with accurate identification of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from food and environmental samples in South Africa. Afr J Lab Med 2022; 11:1482. [PMID: 35747557 PMCID: PMC9210167 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The 2017–2018 listeriosis outbreak in South Africa warranted testing for Listeria monocytogenes in food products and processing environments. Diagnostic tests are needed to accurately differentiate L. monocytogenes from other Listeria species.Objective: The study assessed the performance of the commonly used tests in our setting to accurately identify L. monocytogenes.Methods: The study was conducted in a public health laboratory in South Africa. Cultured isolates from food and environmental samples were tested both prospectively and retrospectively between August 2018 and December 2018. Isolates were phenotypically identified using tests for detecting β-haemolysis, Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson, alanine arylamidase (AlaA), mannosidase, and xylose fermentation. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were identified using automated systems, Microscan Walkaway Plus 96, Vitek® MS, Vitek® 2 and Surefast Listeria monocytogenes PLUS PCR. All results were compared to whole-genome sequencing results.Results: β-haemolysis and Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson tests gave delayed positivity or were negative for L. monocytogenes and falsely positive for one strain of Listeria innocua. The AlaA enzyme and Colorex Listeria agar lacked specificity for L. monocytogenes identification. Based on a few phenotypic test results, an aberrant L. monocytogenes strain and Listeria seeligeri strain were reported. All automated platforms overcalled L. monocytogenes in place of other Listeria species.Conclusion: No test was ideal in differentiating Listeria species. This is an issue in resource-limited settings where these tests are currently used. Newer technologies based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other molecular techniques specific to L. monocytogenes detection need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena S M Thomas
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juno Thomas
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karren le Roux
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sanelisiwe T Duze
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Faith Mkhwanazi
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adriano Duse
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Different Methods and Formulations of Drugs and Vaccines for Nasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051073. [PMID: 35631663 PMCID: PMC9144811 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal drug delivery is advantageous when compared with other routes of drug delivery as it avoids the hepatic first-pass effect, blood–brain barrier penetration, and compliance issues with parenteral administration. However, nasal administration also has some limitations, such as its low bioavailability due to metabolism on the mucosal surface, and irreversible damage to the nasal mucosa due to the ingredients added into the formula. Moreover, the method of nasal administration is not applicable to all drugs. The current review presents the nasal anatomy and mucosal environment for the nasal delivery of vaccines and drugs, as well as presents various methods for enhancing nasal absorption, and different drug carriers and delivery devices to improve nasal drug delivery. It also presents future prospects on the nasal drug delivery of vaccines and drugs.
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Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Listeria Species Isolated from Broiler Abattoirs in Lusaka, Zambia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050591. [PMID: 35625235 PMCID: PMC9137566 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
L. monocytogenes is a public health threat linked to fast foods such as broiler chickens. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of Listeria species in chickens from abattoirs and evaluate their antimicrobial resistance. In total, 150 broiler carcass swabs distributed as cloacal (n = 60), exterior surface (n = 60), and environmental (n = 30) were collected. Listeria species were characterized using biochemical tests and PCR. We conducted antibiotic resistance tests using the disc diffusion and Etest (Biomerieux, Durham, NC, USA) methods. Overall isolation of Listeria species was 15% (23/150) 95% CI (10.16–22.33), 2% (3/150) 95% CI (0.52–6.19) and 13% (20/150) 95% CI (8.53–20.08) came from environmental swabs and carcass swabs, respectively. Proportions of positive Listeria isolates were L. monocytogenes 74% (17/23), L. welshimeri 22% (5/23), and L. innocua 4% (1/23). Listeria species from the exterior carcass swabs was 61% (14/23), cloacal swabs 26% (6/23), and environmental swabs 3% (3/23). L. monocytogenes had the greatest resistance percentage to the following antibiotics: clindamycin (61%, 10/23), tetracycline 30% (7/23), and erythromycin 13%, (3/23). Isolation of L. monocytogenes in relatively high numbers, including the antimicrobial profiles, suggests a potential risk of the pathogen remaining viable in the food continuum and a public health risk to would-be consumers.
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Review of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Listeria Species: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9829770. [PMID: 35502187 PMCID: PMC9056214 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9829770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria spp. are pathogens widely distributed in the environment and Listeria monocytogenes is associated with food-borne illness in humans. Food facilities represent an adverse environment for this bacterium, mainly due to the disinfection and cleaning processes included in good hygiene practices, and its virulence is related to stress responses. One of the recently described stress-response systems is CRISPR-Cas. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes have been found in several bacteria. CRISPR-Cas has revolutionized biotechnology since it acts as an adaptive immune system of bacteria, which also helps in the evasion of the host immune response. There are three CRISPR systems described on Listeria species. Type II is present in many pathogenic bacteria and characterized by the presence of cas9 that becomes the main target of some anti-CRISPR proteins, such as AcrIIA1, encoded on Listeria phages. The presence of Cas9, either alone or in combination with anti-CRISPR proteins, suggests having a main role on the virulence of bacteria. In this review, we describe the most recent information on CRISPR-Cas systems in Listeria spp., particularly in L. monocytogenes, and their relationship with the virulence and pathogenicity of those bacteria. Besides, some applications of CRISPR systems and future challenges in the food processing industry, bacterial vaccination, antimicrobial resistance, pathogens biocontrol by phage therapy, and regulation of gene expression have been explored.
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56
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Broten CJ, Wydallis JB, Reilly TH, Bisha B. Development and Evaluation of a Paper-Based Microfluidic Device for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes on Food Contact and Non-Food Contact Surfaces. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070947. [PMID: 35407034 PMCID: PMC8997480 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the third most deadly foodborne pathogen in the United States. The bacterium is found in soil and water, contaminating raw food products and the processing environment, where it can persist for an extended period. Currently, testing of food contact and non-food contact surfaces is performed using an array of sampling devices and endpoint technologies, offering various levels of sensitivity, cost, user skill, and time to detection. Paper-based microfluidic devices (µPADs) are a rapid detection platform amenable to low-cost, user-friendly, and portable diagnostics. In this study, we developed and evaluated a µPAD platform specific for the colorimetric detection of the Listeria genus following recovery from food contact and non-food contact surfaces. For detection, four colorimetric substrates specific for the detection of β-glucosidase, two broths selective for the detection of Listeria spp., and a nonselective broth were evaluated to facilitate detection of Listeria spp. The limit of detection and time to detection were determined by using pure bacterial cultures. After 8 h enrichment, L. monocytogenes (102 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/coupon) was detected on every surface. After 18 h enrichment, L. monocytogenes (102 CFU/coupon) was detected on all surfaces with all swabbing devices. This study demonstrated the ability of the µPAD-based method to detect potentially stressed cells at low levels of environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codi Jo Broten
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - John B. Wydallis
- Access Sensor Technologies, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA; (J.B.W.); (T.H.R.III)
| | - Thomas H. Reilly
- Access Sensor Technologies, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA; (J.B.W.); (T.H.R.III)
| | - Bledar Bisha
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Lourenco A, Linke K, Wagner M, Stessl B. The Saprophytic Lifestyle of Listeria monocytogenes and Entry Into the Food-Processing Environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:789801. [PMID: 35350628 PMCID: PMC8957868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.789801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an environmentally adapted saprophyte that can change into a human and animal bacterial pathogen with zoonotic potential through several regulatory systems. In this review, the focus is on the occurrence of Listeria sensu stricto and sensu lato in different ecological niches, the detection methods, and their analytical limitations. It also highlights the occurrence of L. monocytogenes genotypes in the environment (soil, water, and wildlife), reflects on the molecular determinants of L. monocytogenes for the saprophytic lifestyle and the potential for antibiotic resistance. In particular, the strain-specific properties with which some genotypes circulate in wastewater, surface water, soil, wildlife, and agricultural environments are of particular interest for the continuously updating risk analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lourenco
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Linke
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Carlin CR, Roof S, Wiedmann M. Assessment of Reference Method Selective Broth and Plating Media with 19 Listeria Species Highlights the Importance of Including Diverse Species in Listeria Method Evaluations. J Food Prot 2022; 85:494-510. [PMID: 34855940 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Reference methods developed for detection of Listeria monocytogenes are commonly used for detection of Listeria at the genus level. Improved method performance data are needed because this genus has expanded from 6 to 26 species and now includes several Listeria sensu lato species, which can have phenotypes distinct from those of Listeria sensu stricto. We evaluated growth of 19 Listeria species, including 12 recently described Listeria sensu lato species, using the media specified by (i) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual, (ii) the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook, and (iii) the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The FDA broth enrichment procedure allowed all species to grow to detectable levels (≥4 log CFU/mL), yielded the highest mean growth (7.58 log CFU/mL), and was the only procedure with which no Listeria sensu lato species yielded significantly higher growth than did a comparison Listeria sensu stricto species. With the USDA and ISO broth enrichment procedures, several Listeria sensu lato species yielded significantly higher growth than did either Listeria seeligeri or Listeria ivanovii, suggesting that these two Listeria sensu stricto species could be outgrown by Listeria sensu lato species. On selective and differential agar media, L. seeligeri, L. ivanovii, and Listeria grayi produced colonies with atypical morphology and/or growth of these species was inhibited (which may lead to incorrect classification of a sample as negative), whereas several newly described Listeria sensu lato species grew to high levels and produced colonies with typical morphology. Overall, our study results indicate that the ability to detect various Listeria species can be impacted by the specific broth and selective and differential agar used. Our data can help guide selection of appropriate media and detection methods for environmental Listeria monitoring programs and methods that are most likely to detect the targeted Listeria groups (e.g., Listeria sensu stricto, which appear to be the most appropriate index organisms for the pathogen L. monocytogenes). HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine R Carlin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sherry Roof
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Ott LC, Jochum J, Burrough L, Clark S, Keener K, Mellata M. High voltage atmospheric cold plasma inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh Queso Fresco cheese. Food Microbiol 2022; 105:104007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oswaldi V, Lüth S, Dzierzon J, Meemken D, Schwarz S, Feßler AT, Félix B, Langforth S. Distribution and Characteristics of Listeria spp. in Pigs and Pork Production Chains in Germany. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030512. [PMID: 35336088 PMCID: PMC8950219 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause disease, mainly in elderly, pregnant or immunocompromised persons through consumption of contaminated food, including pork products. It is widespread in the environment and can also be found in asymptomatic carrier animals, for example, in different tissues of pigs. To learn more about their nature, 16 Listeria spp. isolates found in tonsils and intestinal content of pigs and 13 isolates from the slaughterhouse environment were characterized using next-generation sequencing (NGS). A wide distribution of clonal complexes was observed in pigs, as well as in the pork production chain, suggesting multiple sources of entry. Hypervirulent clones were found in pig tonsils, showing the potential risk of pigs as source of isolates causing human disease. The presence of closely related isolates along the production chain suggests a cross-contamination in the slaughterhouse or recontamination from the same source, strengthening the importance of efficient cleaning and disinfection procedures. The phenotypical antimicrobial resistance status of L. monocytogenes isolates was examined via broth microdilution and revealed a low resistance level. Nevertheless, genotypical resistance data suggested multiple resistances in some non-pathogenic L. innocua isolates from pig samples, which might pose a risk of spreading resistances to pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Oswaldi
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.L.)
- Animal Health Team, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-351-7329089
| | - Stefanie Lüth
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg1, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Janine Dzierzon
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Diana Meemken
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Félix
- Salmonella and Listeria Unit, Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), University of Paris-Est, 14, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, CEDEX, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Susann Langforth
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
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Bland R, Brown SRB, Waite-Cusic J, Kovacevic J. Probing antimicrobial resistance and sanitizer tolerance themes and their implications for the food industry through the Listeria monocytogenes lens. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1777-1802. [PMID: 35212132 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance is a serious public health crisis, reducing our ability to effectively combat infectious bacterial diseases. The parallel study of reduced susceptibility to sanitizers is growing, particularly for environmental foodborne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes. As regulations demand a seek-and-destroy approach for L. monocytogenes, understanding sanitizer efficacy and its uses are critical for the food industry. Studies have reported the ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in sanitizer concentrations 10-1000 times lower than the manufacturer-recommended concentration (MRC). Notably, data show that at MRC and when applied according to the label instructions, sanitizers remain largely effective. Studies also report that variables such as the presence of organic material, application time/temperature, and bacterial attachment to surfaces can impact sanitizer effectiveness. Due to the lack of standardization in the methodology and definitions of sanitizer resistance, tolerance, and susceptibility, different messages are conveyed in different studies. In this review, we examine the diversity of definitions, terminology, and methodologies used in studies examining L. monocytogenes resistance and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Research available to date fails to demonstrate "resistance" of L. monocytogenes to recommended sanitizer treatments as prescribed by the label. As such, sanitizer tolerance would be a more accurate description of L. monocytogenes response to low sanitizer concentrations (i.e., sub-MRC). Conservative use of word "resistance" will reduce confusion and allow for concise messaging as sanitizer research findings are communicated to industry and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bland
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephanie R B Brown
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Joy Waite-Cusic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jovana Kovacevic
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Mitchell PK, Wang L, Stanhope BJ, Cronk BD, Anderson R, Mohan S, Zhou L, Sanchez S, Bartlett P, Maddox C, DeShambo V, Mani R, Hengesbach LM, Gresch S, Wright K, Mor S, Zhang S, Shen Z, Yan L, Mackey R, Franklin-Guild R, Zhang Y, Prarat M, Shiplett K, Ramachandran A, Narayanan S, Sanders J, Hunkapiller AA, Lahmers K, Carbonello AA, Aulik N, Lim A, Cooper J, Jones A, Guag J, Nemser SM, Tyson GH, Timme R, Strain E, Reimschuessel R, Ceric O, Goodman LB. Multi-laboratory evaluation of the Illumina iSeq platform for whole genome sequencing of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Listeria. Microb Genom 2022; 8:000717. [PMID: 35113783 PMCID: PMC8942033 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for public health and veterinary laboratories to perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and protecting the safety of people and animals. With the availability of smaller and more affordable sequencing platforms coupled with well-defined bioinformatic protocols, the technological capability to incorporate this technique for real-time surveillance and genomic epidemiology has greatly expanded. There is a need, however, to ensure that data are of high quality. The goal of this study was to assess the utility of a small benchtop sequencing platform using a multi-laboratory verification approach. Thirteen laboratories were provided the same equipment, reagents, protocols and bacterial reference strains. The Illumina DNA Prep and Nextera XT library preparation kits were compared, and 2×150 bp iSeq i100 chemistry was used for sequencing. Analyses comparing the sequences produced from this study with closed genomes from the provided strains were performed using open-source programs. A detailed, step-by-step protocol is publicly available via protocols.io (https://www.protocols.io/view/iseq-bacterial-wgs-protocol-bij8kcrw). The throughput for this method is approximately 4-6 bacterial isolates per sequencing run (20-26 Mb total load). The Illumina DNA Prep library preparation kit produced high-quality assemblies and nearly complete AMR gene annotations. The Prep method produced more consistent coverage compared to XT, and when coverage benchmarks were met, nearly all AMR, virulence and subtyping gene targets were correctly identified. Because it reduces the technical and financial barriers to generating WGS data, the iSeq platform is a viable option for small laboratories interested in genomic surveillance of microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- *Correspondence: Leyi Wang,
| | | | | | - Renee Anderson
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shipra Mohan
- Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Kissimmee, FL, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Kissimmee, FL, USA
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine,, GA, USA
| | - Paula Bartlett
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine,, GA, USA
| | - Carol Maddox
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Vanessa DeShambo
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rinosh Mani
- Michigan State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah Gresch
- University of Minnesota, Veterinary Diagnostic Lboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Katie Wright
- University of Minnesota, Veterinary Diagnostic Lboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sunil Mor
- University of Minnesota, Veterinary Diagnostic Lboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Shuping Zhang
- University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lifang Yan
- Mississippi State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MS, USA
| | - Rebecca Mackey
- Mississippi State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MS, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA
| | - Melanie Prarat
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA
| | - Katherine Shiplett
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sai Narayanan
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Justin Sanders
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Oregon State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Andree A. Hunkapiller
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Oregon State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Nicole Aulik
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ailam Lim
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Cooper
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Angelica Jones
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jake Guag
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sarah M. Nemser
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory H. Tyson
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Timme
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Errol Strain
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Renate Reimschuessel
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Olgica Ceric
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Laura B. Goodman
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Laura B. Goodman,
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Abstract
The aim of the present study is the isolation and characterization of the lactic acid bacteria from idly batter, a traditional Indian fermented product. To achieve the aim, 10 idly batter samples were selected from different regions of Kadapa district. In the primary isolation and screening process, 50 lactic-acid-producing bacteria were isolated, and from them, six strains were selected based on their lactic acid yielding capacity for further evaluation. The selected cultures were studied for their phenotypic characters, and all cultures were Gram positive, cocci, and catalase negative. All the six strains were tested for their growth and lactic acid production at above 35 °C, and finally, one strain that showed good growth at 50 °C was selected for further characterization. Molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene analysis and BLAST analysis revealed 99% similarity with Pediococcus pentosaceus Ni1142. The isolated culture was named as Pediococcus sp. HLV1, and the sequence was submitted to the NCBI databank as accession number MH921241. The isolated strain is able to utilize a wide range of carbohydrate substrates including glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, and xylose. The major fermentation product from glucose is lactic acid. Pediococcus sp. HLV1 showed optimum growth and production of lactic acid with glucose as carbon source (10%) and yeast extract as nitrogen source (0.3%) at pH 7.0 and 40 °C. As well-known probiotic bacteria, the isolated Pediococcus spp. also showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and more specifically inhibited Gram-positive Bacillus. Using the above optimal conditions, lactic acid from a fresh mango peel extract was studied, and at the end of the fermentation, 5.2% (v/v) of lactic acid was produced. In conclusion, the isolated LAB Pediococcus sp. strain HLV1 is able to grow and produce lactic acid at a high temperature (45 °C) and to survive at 50 °C. Mango peel, a by-product of mango pulp industries, can be utilized as one of the economically cheap feedstocks for industrial production of lactic acid by the Pediococcus sp. strain HLV1.
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COSTA PV, NASCIMENTO JDS, COSTA LEDO, FERREIRA PBDM, BRANDÃO MLL. Listeria monocytogenes: challenges of microbiological control of food in Brazil. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.08322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Luiz Lima BRANDÃO
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brasil
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65
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Palacios-Gorba C, Moura A, Gomis J, Leclercq A, Gómez-Martín Á, Bracq-Dieye H, Mocé ML, Tessaud-Rita N, Jiménez-Trigos E, Vales G, García-Muñoz Á, Thouvenot P, García-Roselló E, Lecuit M, Quereda JJ. Ruminant-associated Listeria monocytogenes isolates belong preferentially to dairy-associated hypervirulent clones: a longitudinal study in 19 farms. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7617-7631. [PMID: 34863016 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that ruminants constitute reservoirs of Listeria monocytogenes, but little is known about the epidemiology and genetic diversity of this pathogen within farms. Here we conducted a large-scale longitudinal study to monitor Listeria spp. in 19 dairy farms during three consecutive seasons (N = 3251 samples). L. innocua was the most prevalent species, followed by L. monocytogenes. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 52.6% of farms and more frequently in cattle (4.1%) and sheep (4.5%) than in goat farms (0.2%). Lineage I accounted for 69% of L. monocytogenes isolates. Among animal samples, the most prevalent sublineages (SL) and clonal complexes (CC) were SL1/CC1, SL219/CC4, SL26/CC26 and SL87/CC87, whereas SL666/CC666 was most prevalent in environmental samples. Sixty-one different L. monocytogenes cgMLST types were found, 28% common to different animals and/or surfaces within the same farm and 21% previously reported elsewhere in the context of food and human surveillance. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence was not affected by farm hygiene but by season: higher prevalence was observed during winter in cattle, and during winter and spring in sheep farms. Cows in their second lactation had a higher probability of L. monocytogenes faecal shedding. This study highlights dairy farms as a reservoir for hypervirulent L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Jesús Gomis
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martín
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hélène Bracq-Dieye
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - María L Mocé
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nathalie Tessaud-Rita
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Estrella Jiménez-Trigos
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillaume Vales
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Ángel García-Muñoz
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierre Thouvenot
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Empar García-Roselló
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Institut Imagine, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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Bagatella S, Tavares-Gomes L, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes at the interface between ruminants and humans: A comparative pathology and pathogenesis review. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:186-210. [PMID: 34856818 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. Lm is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of Lm by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in Lm pathogenesis research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bagatella
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, Dessaux C, García-del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG, Ortega AD. Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence 2021; 12:2509-2545. [PMID: 34612177 PMCID: PMC8496543 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Quereda
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morón-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Charlotte Dessaux
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’. Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro D. Ortega
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Palacios-Gorba C, Moura A, Gomis J, Leclercq A, Gómez-Martín Á, Bracq-Dieye H, Mocé ML, Tessaud-Rita N, Jiménez-Trigos E, Vales G, García-Muñoz Á, Thouvenot P, García-Roselló E, Lecuit M, Quereda JJ. Ruminant-associated Listeria monocytogenes isolates belong preferentially to dairy-associated hypervirulent clones: a longitudinal study in 19 farms. Environ Microbiol 2021. [PMID: 34863016 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.29.454412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that ruminants constitute reservoirs of Listeria monocytogenes, but little is known about the epidemiology and genetic diversity of this pathogen within farms. Here we conducted a large-scale longitudinal study to monitor Listeria spp. in 19 dairy farms during three consecutive seasons (N = 3251 samples). L. innocua was the most prevalent species, followed by L. monocytogenes. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 52.6% of farms and more frequently in cattle (4.1%) and sheep (4.5%) than in goat farms (0.2%). Lineage I accounted for 69% of L. monocytogenes isolates. Among animal samples, the most prevalent sublineages (SL) and clonal complexes (CC) were SL1/CC1, SL219/CC4, SL26/CC26 and SL87/CC87, whereas SL666/CC666 was most prevalent in environmental samples. Sixty-one different L. monocytogenes cgMLST types were found, 28% common to different animals and/or surfaces within the same farm and 21% previously reported elsewhere in the context of food and human surveillance. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence was not affected by farm hygiene but by season: higher prevalence was observed during winter in cattle, and during winter and spring in sheep farms. Cows in their second lactation had a higher probability of L. monocytogenes faecal shedding. This study highlights dairy farms as a reservoir for hypervirulent L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Jesús Gomis
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martín
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hélène Bracq-Dieye
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - María L Mocé
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nathalie Tessaud-Rita
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Estrella Jiménez-Trigos
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillaume Vales
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Ángel García-Muñoz
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierre Thouvenot
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Empar García-Roselló
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
- Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Institut Imagine, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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Shi C, Lv D, Zhou K, Jin T, Wang G, Wang B, Li Y, Xu Y. Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients infected by Listeria monocytogenes at a Tertiary Hospital in Hefei City, China. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4409-4419. [PMID: 34729017 PMCID: PMC8555528 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s334929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes and the data of patients with this infection are largely limited for the Hefei population. Purpose This is a retrospective study that evaluated the clinical and laboratory data of patients with listeriosis at a tertiary hospital in Hefei City. Patients and Methods A total of 24 listeriosis patients were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2003 to July 2021. Data from all patients were collected from the hospital’s electronic medical records. Results The most common symptom of all patients was fever (91.7%), followed by altered consciousness (50.0%), rashes (45.8%), respiratory distress symptoms (37.5%), nuchal rigidity (29.2%), and headaches (20.8%). Laboratory results also indicated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (79.1%), hypoproteinemia (75.0%), anemia (62.5%), leukocytosis (45.8%), and neutrophilia (45.8%). The mean value of 5.1 μg/mL (SD, 3.8) for D‐dimer (D‐D) was significantly higher than the normal value ((0.00–0.50) μg/mL), while both altered consciousness (6 vs 4, P = 0.034) and headaches (4 vs 1, P = 0.036) occurred more frequently in the neurolisteriosis group compared with the bacteremia one. Additionally, the mean maximal body temperature (°C) (40.5 ± 0.7) as well as white blood cell (WBC) (15.3 vs 7.5 ×109/L, P = 0.014) and neutrophil (NEUT#) (13.2 vs 6.1 ×109/L, P = 0.026) counts of neurolisteriosis patients were higher than those of bacteremia (39.4 ± 0.4) (P = 0.001). Of all patients, four (50%) from the maternal-neonatal group remained uncured. Conclusion Listeriosis is a rare disease with extremely variable clinical characteristics in Hefei City. Our data indicated that unexplained fever, altered consciousness, hypoproteinemia, anemia, elevated CRP and DD should be considered to assist diagnosis of listeriosis for early treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixiao Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
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Azinheiro S, Roumani F, Carvalho J, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Suitability of the MinION long read sequencer for semi-targeted detection of foodborne pathogens. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:339051. [PMID: 34625270 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are still a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to this the current methodologies to track these microorganisms cannot cope with the current intensive production systems, thus novel methods are of outmost importance. DNA-based methods have already demonstrated suitable to address this issue, but most of them are targeted methods such as real-time PCR (qPCR), meaning that one will only find what is looking for, thus taking the risk of missing relevant pathogens in a given sample. To overcome this limitation we have developed an easy-to-implement methodology which enables the detection of several pathogens simultaneously by using long-read Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) with MinION. The method was named "semi-targeted" due to the combination of a non-targeted detection method, NGS, with the usage of selective media in order to partially eliminate non-pathogenic interfering bacteria. To this end, we included an enrichment step for the recovery of different pathogens, namely Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7, after DNA extraction and library preparation, the samples were analyzed with MinION implementing the low-cost Flongle Flow Cells. The methodology was successfully evaluated in spiked milk samples with an excellent agreement with the results obtained by qPCR and culture-based methods. The method can provide accurate results after only 2 h of sequencing. Sample multiplexing, along with the lower cost of the Flongle Flow Cells and the reduced price of the MinION platform, make the assay cost-effective that is of importance for the food industry. Starting the method with a classical microbiological approach, the enrichment, the method is easy to implement in testing laboratories, it provides flexibility in terms of potential pathogens to be detected, and the positive results can be easily confirmed following culture-based, or other type, of confirmation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Azinheiro
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Foteini Roumani
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Prado
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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Valenti M, Ranganathan N, Moore LS, Hughes S. Listeria monocytogenes infections: presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2021; 82:1-6. [PMID: 34726931 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2021.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeriosis is an infective complication that primarily affects pregnant women, patients at extremes of age or those with weakened immune systems. Ingestion of food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes is the most common source of infection, causing self-limiting illness in immunocompetent hosts but associated with invasive infection and high mortality in high-risk patient groups. Milder illness presents as gastroenteritis with fever, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting common in the 7 days post exposure. Invasive infection, characterised by bacteraemia and encephalitis, can develop in high-risk patients. Fetal loss is a major complication of listeriosis during pregnancy. Penicillin-based therapy (high dose penicillin or amoxicillin) in combination with gentamicin is advised for invasive infection; co-trimoxazole may be considered for patients intolerant to penicillin. Vulnerable individuals, notably pregnant women, should be counseled on appropriate preventative strategies including avoiding foods commonly contaminated with L. monocytogenes, such as soft ripened cheeses, pate, cooked chilled meats, unpasteurised milk, and ready to eat poultry unless thoroughly cooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valenti
- Department of Pharmacy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nisha Ranganathan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,North West London Pathology, London, UK
| | - Luke Sp Moore
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,North West London Pathology, London, UK
| | - Stephen Hughes
- Department of Pharmacy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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72
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Erickson S, Paulson J, Brown M, Hahn W, Gil J, Barron-Montenegro R, Moreno-Switt AI, Eisenberg M, Nguyen MM. Isolation and engineering of a Listeria grayi bacteriophage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18947. [PMID: 34556683 PMCID: PMC8460666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of bacteriophages capable of infecting the Listeria species, Listeria grayi, is academically intriguing and presents an obstacle to the development of bacteriophage-based technologies for Listeria. We describe the isolation and engineering of a novel L. grayi bacteriophage, LPJP1, isolated from farm silage. With a genome over 200,000 base pairs, LPJP1 is the first and only reported jumbo bacteriophage infecting the Listeria genus. Similar to other Gram-positive jumbo phages, LPJP1 appeared to contain modified base pairs, which complicated initial attempts to obtain genomic sequence using standard methods. Following successful sequencing with a modified approach, a recombinant of LPJP1 encoding the NanoLuc luciferase was engineered using homologous recombination. This luciferase reporter bacteriophage successfully detected 100 stationary phase colony forming units of both subspecies of L. grayi in four hours. A single log phase colony forming unit was also sufficient for positive detection in the same time period. The recombinant demonstrated complete specificity for this particular Listeria species and did not infect 150 non-L. grayi Listeria strains nor any other bacterial genus. LPJP1 is believed to be the first reported lytic bacteriophage of L. grayi as well as the only jumbo bacteriophage to be successfully engineered into a luciferase reporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Erickson
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, New Brighton, MN, 55112, USA.
| | - John Paulson
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, New Brighton, MN, 55112, USA
| | - Matthew Brown
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, NC, 27215, USA
| | - Wendy Hahn
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, New Brighton, MN, 55112, USA
| | - Jose Gil
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Los Angeles, CA, 90062, USA
| | - Rocío Barron-Montenegro
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacteria Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea I Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacteria Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcia Eisenberg
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, NC, 27215, USA
| | - Minh M Nguyen
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, New Brighton, MN, 55112, USA
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73
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Li M, Yan S, Fanning S, Li F, Xu J. Whole Genome Analysis of Three Multi-Drug Resistant Listeria innocua and Genomic Insights Into Their Relatedness With Resistant Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694361. [PMID: 34367093 PMCID: PMC8343405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua are Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria, which are not generally infectious as opposed to Listeria monocytogenes. However, the comparatively high genomic similarity between both along with on occasion, their coexistence in similar ecological niches may present the opportunity for resistance or virulence gene transfer. In this study, three multi-drug resistant L. innocua originally cultured from food were put forward for long-read genome sequencing. Chromosome and plasmid genomes were assembled and annotated. Analysis demonstrated that the resistant phenotypes correlated well with genotypes. Three plasmids pLI42, pLI203, and pLI47-1 were identified which harbor resistance islands. Sequence alignments suggested that plasmids pLI42 and pLI203 were highly similar to a previously sequenced L. monocytogenes plasmid pLR1. Similarly, another three types of resistance gene islands were observed on chromosome, including tet(M) gene islands (transposon Tn916 orthologs), dfrG gene islands and optrA-erm(A) gene islands. All three L. innocua isolates possessed listeria pathogenicity island-4 (LIPI-4) which is linked to cases of mengitis. Further genome environment and phylogenic analysis of regions flanking LIPI-4 of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes showed that these may have common origins and with the potential to transmit from the former. Our findings raise the possible need to include both L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in food surveillance programs so as to further understand of the origins of antimicrobial resistance and virulence markers of public health importance in L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofei Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fengqin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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74
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Pollard S, Singh AK, Lin A, Maloney J, Campos A, Khaksar R, Bastin B, Thompson W, Benzinger MJ, Agin J. Validation of the Clear Safety Listeria Method for Detection of Listeria Species in Hot Dogs and on Environmental Surface Matrixes: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 091901. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:211-229. [PMID: 34181026 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Clear Safety Listeria method utilizes polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology to detect Listeria species (L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. marthii, L. grayi, L. welshimeri, and L. seeligeri) in hot dogs and on selected environmental surfaces. OBJECTIVE Validate the candidate method according to current AOAC guidelines. METHODS The candidate method was compared to the reference method for hot dogs and the environmental surfaces. The method was also evaluated for inclusivity and exclusivity using 50 inclusivity strains and 30 exclusivity strains for each reported target. Product consistency and stability was tested and robustness was evaluated with changes in enrichment temperature, volume of sample treatment, and aliquot volume for PCR. RESULTS The candidate method demonstrated no statistically significant differences using the probability of detection model between candidate and reference methods or between presumptive and confirmed results for all environmental surfaces and hot dogs. Additionally, the candidate method detected all inclusivity organisms and excluded all exclusivity organisms for each reported target. Product lots were shown to be consistent and data supported the kit's shelf-life. Finally, the robustness study demonstrated no statistical differences when the volume of sample or the aliquot volume for PCR was altered. Increasing the incubation temperature to 37 ± 1 °C resulted in greater recovery of L. monocytogenes as compared to 35 ± 1 °C and 30 ± 1 °C. CONCLUSIONS The Clear Safety Listeria method is statistically equivalent to the reference methods for the detection of L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in hot dogs and on selected environmental surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atul K Singh
- Clear Labs, Inc., 1559 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, USA 94070
| | - Andrew Lin
- Clear Labs, Inc., 1559 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, USA 94070
| | - James Maloney
- Clear Labs, Inc., 1559 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, USA 94070
| | - Anay Campos
- Clear Labs, Inc., 1559 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, USA 94070
| | - Ramin Khaksar
- Clear Labs, Inc., 1559 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, USA 94070
| | - Benjamin Bastin
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1930 Radcliff Drive, Cincinnati, OH, USA 45214
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1930 Radcliff Drive, Cincinnati, OH, USA 45214
| | | | - James Agin
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1930 Radcliff Drive, Cincinnati, OH, USA 45214
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75
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Diriba K, Awulachew E, Diribsa K. The prevalence of Listeria species in different food items of animal and plant origin in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:60. [PMID: 34167579 PMCID: PMC8223351 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Listeriosis is one of the important emerging zoonotic disease affecting human health following the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin. It results in serious clinical complications in humans with a high case facility rate. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of Listeria species in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of Listeria species in different food items of animal and plant origin in Ethiopia were included. Three authors independently extracted data and analyzed them using STATA Version 13 statistical software. A random effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of Listeria species in Ethiopia. Results After reviewing 122 studies, five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The findings from the five studies revealed that the pooled prevalence of Listeria species in different food items of animal and plant origin in Ethiopia was 27% (95% CI 25, 29). The highest prevalence of Listeria species was reported in beef meat followed by ice cream with prevalence rates of 62% (95% CI 50, 75) and 43% (95% CI 33, 53), respectively. Conclusion The presence of Listeria species in different food items of animal and plant origin in Ethiopia is an indicator of the presence of public health hazards to the consumer, particularly to the high-risk groups. Hence, awareness creation on food safety and implementation of regulations is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuma Diriba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Ephrem Awulachew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Kuma Diribsa
- Department of Biology, Educational College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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76
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A Systematic Review of Listeria Species and Listeria monocytogenes Prevalence, Persistence, and Diversity throughout the Fresh Produce Supply Chain. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061427. [PMID: 34202947 PMCID: PMC8234284 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an increasing food safety concern throughout the produce supply chain as it has been linked to produce associated outbreaks and recalls. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic literature review to investigate Listeria species and L. monocytogenes prevalence, persistence, and diversity at each stage along the supply chain. This review identified 64 articles of 4863 candidate articles obtained from four Boolean search queries in six databases. Included studies examined naturally detected/isolated Listeria species and L. monocytogenes in fresh produce-related environments, and/or from past fresh produce associated outbreaks or from produce directly. Listeria species and L. monocytogenes were detected in each stage of the fresh produce supply chain. The greatest prevalence of Listeria species was observed in natural environments and outdoor production, with prevalence generally decreasing with each progression of the supply chain (e.g., packinghouse to distribution to retail). L. monocytogenes prevalence ranged from 61.1% to not detected (0.00%) across the entire supply chain for included studies. Listeria persistence and diversity were also investigated more in natural, production, and processing environments, compared to other supply chain environments (e.g., retail). Data gaps were identified for future produce safety research, for example, in the transportation and distribution center environment.
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77
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A Metzincin and TIMP-Like Protein Pair of a Phage Origin Sensitize Listeria monocytogenes to Phage Lysins and Other Cell Wall Targeting Agents. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061323. [PMID: 34207021 PMCID: PMC8235301 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of mammalian cells by Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) was shown to be facilitated by its phage elements. In a search for additional phage remnants that play a role in Lm’s lifecycle, we identified a conserved locus containing two XRE regulators and a pair of genes encoding a secreted metzincin protease and a lipoprotein structurally similar to a TIMP-family metzincin inhibitor. We found that the XRE regulators act as a classic CI/Cro regulatory switch that regulates the expression of the metzincin and TIMP-like genes under intracellular growth conditions. We established that when these genes are expressed, their products alter Lm morphology and increase its sensitivity to phage mediated lysis, thereby enhancing virion release. Expression of these proteins also sensitized the bacteria to cell wall targeting compounds, implying that they modulate the cell wall structure. Our data indicate that these effects are mediated by the cleavage of the TIMP-like protein by the metzincin, and its subsequent release to the extracellular milieu. While the importance of this locus to Lm pathogenicity remains unclear, the observation that this phage-associated protein pair act upon the bacterial cell wall may hold promise in the field of antibiotic potentiation to combat antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens.
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78
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Quiñones B, Yambao JC, De Guzman VS, Lee BG, Medin DL. Genomic analysis of high copy-number sequences for the targeted detection of Listeria species using a flow-through surveillance system. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3667-3682. [PMID: 34076739 PMCID: PMC8289798 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in fresh produce outbreaks with a significant economic impact. Given that L. monocytogenes is widespread in the environment, food production facilities constantly monitor for the presence of Listeria species. To develop a surveillance platform for food processing facilities, this study conducted a comparative genomic analysis for the identification of conserved high copy sequences in the ribosomal RNA of Listeria species. Simulated folding was performed to assess RNA accessibility in the identified genomic regions targeted for detection, and the developed singleplex assay accurately detected cell amounts lower than 5 cells, while no signals were detected for non-targeted bacteria. The singleplex assay was subsequently tested with a flow-through system, consisting of a DNA aptamer-capture step, followed by sample concentration and mechanical lysis for the detection of Listeria species. Validation experiments indicated the continuous flow-through system accurately detected Listeria species at low cell concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Quiñones
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
| | - Jaszemyn C Yambao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | | | - Bertram G Lee
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
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79
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Farber JM, Zwietering M, Wiedmann M, Schaffner D, Hedberg CW, Harrison MA, Hartnett E, Chapman B, Donnelly CW, Goodburn KE, Gummalla S. Alternative approaches to the risk management of Listeria monocytogenes in low risk foods. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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80
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Carlin CR, Liao J, Weller D, Guo X, Orsi R, Wiedmann M. Listeria cossartiae sp. nov., Listeria farberi sp. nov., Listeria immobilis sp. nov., Listeria portnoyi sp. nov. and Listeria rustica sp. nov., isolated from agricultural water and natural environments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:004795. [PMID: 33999788 PMCID: PMC8289207 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 27 Listeria isolates that could not be classified to the species level were obtained from soil samples from different locations in the contiguous United States and an agricultural water sample from New York. Whole-genome sequence-based average nucleotide identity blast (ANIb) showed that the 27 isolates form five distinct clusters; for each cluster, all draft genomes showed ANI values of <95 % similarity to each other and any currently described Listeria species, indicating that each cluster represents a novel species. Of the five novel species, three cluster with the Listeria sensu stricto clade and two cluster with sensu lato. One of the novel sensu stricto species, designated L. cossartiae sp. nov., contains two subclusters with an average ANI similarity of 94.9%, which were designated as subspecies. The proposed three novel sensu stricto species (including two subspecies) are Listeria farberi sp. nov. (type strain FSL L7-0091T=CCUG 74668T=LMG 31917T; maximum ANI 91.9 % to L. innocua), Listeria immobilis sp. nov. (type strain FSL L7-1519T=CCUG 74666T=LMG 31920T; maximum ANI 87.4 % to L. ivanovii subsp. londoniensis) and Listeria cossartiae sp. nov. [subsp. cossartiae (type strain FSL L7-1447T=CCUG 74667T=LMG 31919T; maximum ANI 93.4 % to L. marthii) and subsp. cayugensis (type strain FSL L7-0993T=CCUG 74670T=LMG 31918T; maximum ANI 94.7 % to L. marthii). The two proposed novel sensu lato species are Listeria portnoyi sp. nov. (type strain FSL L7-1582T=CCUG 74671T=LMG 31921T; maximum ANI value of 88.9 % to L. cornellensis and 89.2 % to L. newyorkensis) and Listeria rustica sp. nov. (type strain FSL W9-0585T=CCUG 74665T=LMG 31922T; maximum ANI value of 88.7 % to L. cornellensis and 88.9 % to L. newyorkensis). L. immobilis is the first sensu stricto species isolated to date that is non-motile. All five of the novel species are non-haemolytic and negative for phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity; the draft genomes lack the virulence genes found in Listeria pathogenicity island 1 (LIPI-1), and the internalin genes inlA and inlB, indicating that they are non-pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingqiu Liao
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Present address: Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dan Weller
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Present address: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse NY 13210, USA
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Renato Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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81
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Menon KV, Sunil B, Latha C. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Listeria spp. associated with seafoods from fish catchment areas in Kerala, India. Vet World 2021; 14:777-783. [PMID: 33935427 PMCID: PMC8076452 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.777-783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, intracellular pathogen which has been implicated as a cause of several foodborne outbreaks. This study aimed to generate information on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Listeria species isolated from seafood. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 samples of fresh fish, 100 samples of dry fish and 200 samples each of crustaceans and mollusks were collected from the fish catchment areas. All the samples were subjected to isolation and identification of Listeria spp. by two-step enrichment in UVM broth and plating on selective agar media (PALCAM) and then subjected to molecular characterization. L. monocytogenes isolates obtained during the study were subjected to serotyping by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The isolates were also subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in seafoods in the present study was 0.55%. The isolates of L. monocytogenes were found to possess all virulence genes, namely, iap, hlyA, actA, prfA, plcA, and inlA. All the isolates belonged to serotype 4b. The occurrence of Listeria innocua was found to be more and was detected in 16.77% of seafood samples. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that all isolates were resistant to cefixime but were sensitive to almost all other commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion: The presence of Listeria spp. in raw seafood samples augments the need for implementation of good hygienic practices during the handling and processing of seafoods to safeguard the health of the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vrinda Menon
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - B Sunil
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - C Latha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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82
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Palaiodimou L, Fanning S, Fox EM. Genomic insights into persistence of Listeria species in the food processing environment. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2082-2094. [PMID: 33768629 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Listeria species may colonize and persist in food processing facilities for prolonged periods of time, despite hygiene interventions in place. To understand the genetic factors contributing to persistence of Listeria strains, this study undertook a comparative analysis of seven persistent and six presumed non-persistent strains, isolated from a single food processing environment, to identify genetic markers correlating to promoting persistence of Listeria strains, through whole genome sequence analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS A diverse pool of genetic markers relevant to hygiene tolerance was identified, including disinfectant resistance markers qacH, emrC and the efflux cassette bcrABC. Both persistent and presumed non-persistent cohorts encoded a range of stress resistance markers, including heavy metal resistance, oxidative and pH stress, although trends were associated with each cohort (e.g., qacH and cadA1C resistance was more frequently found in persistent isolates). Persistent isolates were more likely to contain mutations associated with attenuated virulence, including a truncated InlA. Plasmids and transposons were widespread between cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that no single genetic marker identified was universally responsible for a strain's ability to persist. Persistent strains were more likely to harbour mutation associated with hypovirulence. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides additional insights into the distribution of genetic elements relevant to persistence across Listeria species, as well as strain virulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Palaiodimou
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - E M Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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83
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Sharma A, Kanwar SS, Thakur SD. Biodiversity of meatborne Listeria spp. in Himachal Pradesh and their interaction with indigenous probiotics. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:1209-1215. [PMID: 33678902 PMCID: PMC7884508 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the anti-listerial activity of indigenous probiotics from traditional fermented foods of Western Himalaya against meat borne Listera monocytogens isolates from Himachal Pradesh. One hundred samples of meat and meat products like chicken (n = 25), chevon (goat meat, n = 20), fish (n = 20) and pork (n = 30) were collected and were analyzed for the presence of Listeria spp. by recommended culture and biochemical methods. L. monocytogens isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the virulence gene hlyA (haemolysin A) and by16S rRNA sequencing. Anti-listerial activity of probiotic bacteria isolated from indigenous fermented foods of Himachal Pradesh was determined by well diffusion method using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) as the reference strain. Five percent of tested samples were found positive for L. monocytogens with incidence of 8.0% in chicken (2/25), 10.0% in fish (2/20) and 4.0% in chevon meat (1/25). None of the tested pork samples were found contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Among 11 indigenous probiotics used in this study, highest antagonistic activity was exhibited by Lactobacillus plantarum (ADF 10) and Enterococcus faecium (ADF1) which was equivalent to the reference strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India
| | - S. S. Kanwar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India
| | - Sidharath Dev Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Dr. GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India
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84
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Jiang S, Cai L, Lv L, Li L. Pediococcus pentosaceus, a future additive or probiotic candidate. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:45. [PMID: 33593360 PMCID: PMC7885583 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pediococcus pentosaceus, a promising strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is gradually attracting attention, leading to a rapid increase in experimental research. Due to increased demand for practical applications of microbes, the functional and harmless P. pentosaceus might be a worthwhile LAB strain for both the food industry and biological applications. Results As an additive, P. pentosaceus improves the taste and nutrition of food, as well as the storage of animal products. Moreover, the antimicrobial abilities of Pediococcus strains are being highlighted. Evidence suggests that bacteriocins or bacteriocin-like substances (BLISs) produced by P. pentosaceus play effective antibacterial roles in the microbial ecosystem. In addition, various strains of P. pentosaceus have been highlighted for probiotic use due to their anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant, detoxification, and lipid-lowering abilities. Conclusions Therefore, it is necessary to continue studying P. pentosaceus for further use. Thorough study of several P. pentosaceus strains should clarify the benefits and drawbacks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiman Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Cai
- The Infectious Diseases Department, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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85
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Duze ST, Marimani M, Patel M. Tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes to biocides used in food processing environments. Food Microbiol 2021; 97:103758. [PMID: 33653529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes a life-threatening disease in humans known as listeriosis. Contamination of food during processing is the main route of transmission of Listeria monocytogenes. Therefore, biocides play a crucial role in food processing environments as they act as the first line of defense in the prevention and control of L. monocytogenes. Residues of biocides may be present at sublethal concentrations after disinfection. This, unfortunately, subjects L. monocytogenes to selection pressure, giving rise to tolerant strains, which pose a threat to food safety and public health. This review will give a brief description of L. monocytogenes, the clinical manifestation, treatment of listeriosis as well as recently recorded outbreaks. The article will then discuss the current literature on the ability of L. monocytogenes strains to tolerate biocides especially quaternary ammonium compounds as well as the mechanisms of tolerance towards biocides including the activation of efflux pump systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanelisiwe Thinasonke Duze
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Musa Marimani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Mrudula Patel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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86
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Specific detection of the most prevalent five Listeria strains and unspecific detection of 15 Listeria using multiplex real-time PCR. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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87
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Burall LS, Sepehri S, Srinivasan D, Grim CJ, Lacher DW, Ferguson M, Nambiar R, Datta AR. Development and Validation of a Quantitative PCR Method for Species Verification and Serogroup Determination of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates. J Food Prot 2021; 84:333-344. [PMID: 32977330 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is one of the leading causes of death because of foodborne illness, affecting the elderly, pregnant women, neonates, and people who are immunocompromised. Serologically, Lm can be classified into 13 serotypes, although only 4 are typically linked with food contamination and illness. Since 2000, a shift in serotypes involved in listeriosis outbreaks has been observed, suggesting that tracking of serotypes could help identify emerging trends. A PCR method developed in 2004 allowed detection of the four major serotypes as molecular serogroups, corresponding to broad phylogenetic groups. In this study, a novel quantitative PCR (qPCR) method was developed that uses two multiplex qPCRs, one to confirm the Listeria genus and Lm species and the second for Lm molecular serogrouping. This method was compared with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) method for Lm and the seroagglutination method, using a 208-strain panel. Comparison of the genus and species qPCR assay with the BAM methods found an equal or slightly higher accuracy for the qPCR method (>98%), compared with the BAM protocol (>96%), when evaluated against independent characterization data. Molecular serogrouping using the qPCR method (96.6%) was more accurate than the seroagglutination assay (75.6%). The qPCR method identified Lm 4bV strains, which could not be resolved using seroagglutination. The qPCR could not identify lineage III and IV serotype 4b strains but did correctly identify 16 of 18 lineage III and IV strains. The qPCR method performed genus identification for the Listeria species Lm, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. ivanovii, and L. seeligeri. In addition, the method performed species identification for Lm and classified Lm into six molecular serogroups: 2A, 2B, 2C, 4B, NT, and 4bV. This method provided a rapid and accurate confirmation of Lm and serogroup determinations; furthermore, it could help identify otherwise unlinked strains by enabling whole genome sequencing analysis based on broad phylogeny, independent of other information. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel S Burall
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Sadra Sepehri
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Devayani Srinivasan
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Christopher J Grim
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - David W Lacher
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Martine Ferguson
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Rohini Nambiar
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Atin R Datta
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708
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88
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Mpondo L, Ebomah KE, Okoh AI. Multidrug-Resistant Listeria Species Shows Abundance in Environmental Waters of a Key District Municipality in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E481. [PMID: 33435627 PMCID: PMC7826511 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of bacteria with multidrug-resistance (MDR) is a significant threat to public health globally. Listeria spp. are naturally ubiquitous, with L. monocytogenes particularly being ranked as important foodborne disease-causing microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and determine the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of multidrug-resistant Listeria spp. (MDRL) isolated from different environmental samples (river and irrigation water) in the Sarah Baartman District Municipality (SBDM), Eastern Cape Province (ECP), South Africa. Molecular identification and characterization were carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and isolates that exhibited phenotypic resistance were further screened for relevant antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs). Findings revealed a total of 124 presumptive Listeria isolates; 69 were molecularly confirmed Listeria species. Out of the confirmed species, 41 isolates (59%) were classified as L. monocytogenes while 9 (13%) were classified as L. welshimeri. All Listeria spp. exhibited phenotypic resistance against ampicillin, penicillin, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and further screening revealed ARGs in the following proportions: sulI (71%), blaTEM (66%), tetA (63%), and blaCIT (33%). Results confirmed the occurrence of ARGs among Listeria inhabiting surface waters of ECP. The present study indicates that the river water samples collected from SBDM are highly contaminated with MDRL, hence, constituting a potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyabona Mpondo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (K.E.E.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Kingsley Ehi Ebomah
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (K.E.E.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (K.E.E.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Quereda JJ, Leclercq A, Moura A, Vales G, Gómez-Martín Á, García-Muñoz Á, Thouvenot P, Tessaud-Rita N, Bracq-Dieye H, Lecuit M. Listeria valentina sp. nov., isolated from a water trough and the faeces of healthy sheep. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:5868-5879. [PMID: 33016862 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of a study on the occurrence of Listeria species in an animal farm environment in Valencia, Spain, six Listeria-like isolates could not be assigned to any known species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and on 231 Listeria core genes grouped these isolates in a monophyletic clade within the genus Listeria, with highest similarity to Listeria thailandensis. Whole-genome sequence analyses based on in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, the average nucleotide blast and the pairwise amino acid identities against all currently known Listeria species confirmed that these isolates constituted a new taxon within the genus Listeria. Phenotypically, these isolates differed from other Listeria species mainly by the production of acid from inositol, the absence of acidification in presence of methyl α-d-glucoside, and the absence of α-mannosidase and nitrate reductase activities. The name Listeria valentina sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, and the type strain is CLIP 2019/00642T (=CIP 111799T=DSM 110544T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Quereda
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vales
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martín
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel García-Muñoz
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierre Thouvenot
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Tessaud-Rita
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bracq-Dieye
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Institut Imagine, APHP, Paris, France
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90
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Medeiros M, Castro VHLD, Mota ALADA, Pereira MG, De Martinis ECP, Perecmanis S, Santana AP. Assessment of Internalin A Gene Sequences and Cell Adhesion and Invasion Capacity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Foods of Animal and Related Origins. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:243-252. [PMID: 33337940 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of global relevance that causes outbreaks and sporadic cases of listeriosis, acquired through the consumption of contaminated products, including milk or meat products and ready-to-eat meat products subjected to intensive handling. The objective of the present study was to classify L. monocytogenes isolated from various food-related sources in the Federal District of Brazil and surrounding areas to sequence internalin A (inlA) genes from these isolates and assess their adhesion and invasion capacity using Caco-2 cells. In addition, 15 were classified as group I, 3 as group II, and 7 classified as group IV. Premature stop codons (PMSCs) at the nucleotide position 976 (GAA→TAA) of the inlA gene were identified in 5 of the 25 isolates. Adhesion and invasion tests in Caco-2 cells showed that all the isolates were capable of adhesion and cellular invasion, with isolates containing PMSCs exhibiting on average higher invasion capacity than those without PMSCs (p = 0.041) and a median of adhesion very distinctive from those without stop codons. These results are the first report of PMSCs in the inlA gene of L. monocytogenes from the Federal District of Brazil and Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareti Medeiros
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Virgilio Hipolito Lemos de Castro
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar Mota
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Perecmanis
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Angela Patricia Santana
- Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ASS 128/10, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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91
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Virulence Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, and Listeria welshimeri Isolated from Fish and Shrimp Using In Vivo Early Zebrafish Larvae Models and Molecular Study. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121028. [PMID: 33302405 PMCID: PMC7762612 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is one of the most notable foodborne diseases and is characterized by high rates of mortality. L. monocytogenes is the main cause of human listeriosis outbreaks, however, there are isolated cases of disease caused by other species of the genus Listeria. The aim of this study was to evaluate strains of L. monocytogenes (n = 7), L. innocua (n = 6), and L. welshimeri (n = 2) isolated from fish and shrimps for their virulence based on the presence of virulence genes and the in vivo Danio rerio (zebrafish) larvae models. A total of 15 strains were analyzed. The zebrafish larvae model showed that the larvae injected with L. monocytogenes strains were characterized by the lowest survival rate (46.5%), followed by L. innocua strains (64.2%) and L. welshimeri (83.0%) strains. Multiplex PCRs were used for detection of selected virulence genes (luxS, actA2, prfA, inlB, rrn, iap, sigB, plcB, actA, hlyA), the majority of which were present in L. monocytogenes. Only a few virulence-related genes were found in L. welshimeri, however, no correlation between the occurrence of these genes and larval survival was confirmed. This research highlights the importance of the potential impact that Listeria spp. strains isolated from fish and shrimps may have on consumers.
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92
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El-Hajjaji S, Gérard A, Sindic M. Is Butter A Product at Risk Regarding Listeria Monocytogenes? - A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1831528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soundous El-Hajjaji
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Amaury Gérard
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marianne Sindic
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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93
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-enzyme 2, a new target for Listeria spp. detection identified using combined phage display technologies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15267. [PMID: 32943681 PMCID: PMC7498459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Listeria comprises ubiquitous bacteria, commonly present in foods and food production facilities. In this study, three different phage display technologies were employed to discover targets, and to generate and characterize novel antibodies against Listeria: antibody display for biomarker discovery and antibody generation; ORFeome display for target identification; and single-gene display for epitope characterization. With this approach, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex—enzyme 2 (PDC-E2) was defined as a new detection target for Listeria, as confirmed by immunomagnetic separation-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). Immunoblot and fluorescence microscopy showed that this protein is accessible on the bacterial cell surface of living cells. Recombinant PDC-E2 was produced in E. coli and used to generate 16 additional antibodies. The resulting set of 20 monoclonal scFv-Fc was tested in indirect ELISA against 17 Listeria and 16 non-Listeria species. Two of them provided 100% sensitivity (CI 82.35–100.0%) and specificity (CI 78.20–100.0%), confirming PDC-E2 as a suitable target for the detection of Listeria. The binding region of 18 of these antibodies was analyzed, revealing that ≈ 90% (16/18) bind to the lipoyl domains (LD) of the target. The novel target PDC-E2 and highly specific antibodies against it offer new opportunities to improve the detection of Listeria.
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94
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Barman NN, Nath AJ, Doley S, Begum SA, Kakati P, Das SK, Rahman T, Bhuyan D, Baishya BC, Goswami S. Listeriosis in a peri-urban area: Cultural and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from encephalitic goats. Vet World 2020; 13:1743-1749. [PMID: 33132584 PMCID: PMC7566257 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1743-1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Listeriosis in food animals bears a significant threat to human health. Detailed investigations into the cause facilitate proper management of the disease. This study reports the cultural, pathological, and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from encephalitic goats from peri-urban Guwahati, Assam. Materials and Methods: Out of nine suspected samples, five positive isolates of L. monocytogenes were subjected to bacteriological, biochemical, and molecular tests. The genus and species-specific L. monocytogenes 16S rRNA and prs genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to yield 1200 and 370 bp sized products, respectively. The encephalitic form of the disease was characterized by circling movement, high fever, and terminal recumbence. Results: All the five isolates were confirmed to be L. monocytogenes based on PCR amplification of genus and species-specific 16S rRNA and prs gene products. The isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline (OTC), and norfloxacin, but resistant to doxycycline and erythromycin. A high dose of OTC was used in a goat at the early stage of clinical symptom and the animal recovered clinically. Conclusion: Listeriosis in goats could pose a significant public health threat as the meat (occasionally milk) or meat products from goats are widely consumed by the people of Assam. Understanding the molecular epidemiological aspects of L. monocytogenes infections of food animal species should, therefore, be the priority in this part of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anjan Jyoti Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Sharmita Doley
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shameem Ara Begum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Parikshit Kakati
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sailendra Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Taibur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dipak Bhuyan
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bhaben Chandra Baishya
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Susanta Goswami
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
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95
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Pierquet J, Arendt SW, Rahamat S, Hall N, Mandernach S, Reeb V, Speltz M. Listeria monocytogenes Occurrence and Adherence to Recommendations: Small and Large Retail Delicatessens in Iowa. FOOD PROTECTION TRENDS 2020; 40:320-331. [PMID: 33815004 PMCID: PMC8017485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to determine the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Iowa retail delicatessens and assess environmental aspects that mitigate L. monocytogenes. Fifty-seven small and large retail delicatessens in Iowa were selected randomly. More small operations (n = 43) were included as compared with larger stores, given the higher frequency of violations. An environmental assessment instrument was used to determine environmental factors and practices. At least five microbial samples were collected per site. We collected 286 (74.3%) of 385 microbial samples from small deli operations and 99 (25.7%) of 385 samples from large deli operations. Samples were taken from various zone 1 and 2 areas, such as the slicer, deli case, and meat scale; three (0.08%) samples were positive for L. monocytogenes. Regarding environmental aspects, not preparing, holding or storing ready-to-eat products near raw products (n = 30, 53%) was practiced by the fewest delis. The majority of establishments were observed covering, wrapping, or protecting ready-to-eat products when not in use to prevent contamination (n = 56, 98.2%). Comparisons were made to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Guidance on environmental practices, and 60% of the operations surveyed were in adherence with at least seven of the eight recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pierquet
- Iowa Dept. of Inspection and Appeals, 321 East 12th St., Des Moines, IA 50319, USA
| | - Susan W. Arendt
- Iowa State University, 2320 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Nancy Hall
- State Hygienic Laboratory, University of Iowa, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Steven Mandernach
- Association of Food and Drug Officials, 155 West Market St., York, PA 17401, USA
| | - Valerie Reeb
- State Hygienic Laboratory, University of Iowa, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Mark Speltz
- Iowa Dept. of Inspection and Appeals, 321 East 12th St., Des Moines, IA 50319, USA
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Bacteriophage biocontrol to fight Listeria outbreaks in seafood. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111682. [PMID: 32805341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a well-known pathogen responsible for the severe foodborne disease listeriosis. The control of L. monocytogenes occurrence in seafood products and seafood processing environments is an important challenge for the seafood industry and the public health sector. However, bacteriophage biocontrol shows great potential to be used as safety control measure in seafood. This review provides an update on Listeria-specific bacteriophages, focusing on their application as a safe and natural strategy to prevent L. monocytogenes contamination and growth in seafood products and seafood processing environments. Furthermore, the main properties required from bacteriophages intended to be used as biocontrol tools are summarized and emerging strategies to overcome the current limitations are considered. Also, major aspects relevant for bacteriophage production at industrial scale, their access to the market, as well as the current regulatory status of bacteriophage-based solutions for Listeria biocontrol are discussed.
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97
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Caggiano G, Diella G, Trerotoli P, Lopuzzo M, Triggiano F, Ricci M, Marcotrigiano V, Montagna MT, De Giglio O. A Pilot Survey on Hygienic-Sanitary Characteristics of Ready-To-Eat Sauces and Pesto. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5005. [PMID: 32664624 PMCID: PMC7400197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the chaotic habits of modern life have favored the consumption of quickly prepared meals, using ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and condiments. The aim of this study was to establish the microbiological safety of RTE sauces and pesto from markets analyzed at different stages of shelf life. In the bacterial investigation, all samples were shown to be acceptable, although differences were observed concerning shelf life times. On the other hand, the fungal investigation showed frequent positive results, with concentrations higher than threshold values. Detected microbial diffusion was the lowest when products were far from the expiry date and had just been opened, while high microbial proliferation was observed when analyzing the same package after 48 h, higher than for a product close to the end of its shelf life. This study highlights the discreet microbiological quality of processed and RTE foods, underlining the importance of hygienic-sanitary surveillance of these foods to their shelf life. Consequently, it is necessary to: (1) implement a food control plan for all food categories to carry out risk analysis associated with their consumption; and (2) better adapt the regulations relating to microbiological analysis, and understand the biological significance of each microbial parameter throughout the shelf life of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Giusy Diella
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Marco Lopuzzo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Francesco Triggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Massimo Ricci
- ARPA Puglia, Regional Agency of the Environmental Prevention and Protection, Department of Brindisi Operative Unit of Food and Drink, via Galanti, 16, 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Marcotrigiano
- Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Local Health Unit BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Montagna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Osvalda De Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
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98
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El‐Liethy MA, Hemdan BA, El‐Taweel GE. Prevalence of
E. coli
,
Salmonella
, and
Listeria
spp. as potential pathogens: A comparative study for biofilm of sink drain environment. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Azab El‐Liethy
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research DepartmentNational Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Bahaa A. Hemdan
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research DepartmentNational Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Gamila E. El‐Taweel
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research DepartmentNational Research Centre Giza Egypt
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99
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Lepe-Balsalobre E, Lepe JA. Retos actuales en la detección e identificación de Listeria monocytogenes. REVISTA MADRILEÑA DE SALUD PÚBLICA 2020. [DOI: 10.36300/remasp.2020.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Desde el punto de vista microbiológico la identificación y detección de Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) está bien establecida, pero no bien resuelta en algunas circunstancias. En la actualidad, los mayores retos en la identificación de Lm son: la identificación segura de los aislamientos de Lm con características hemolíticas atípicas y la detección de Lm en un estado fisiológicamente viable pero no cultivable (VBNC) en respuesta al estrés. Estos aspectos, no están bien establecidos o no están contemplados en la normativa UNE-EN ISO 11290.
Desde el punto de vista de la identificación segura, los mayores problemas ocurren con los aislados de Lm con débil o ausente capacidad hemolítica, los aislados con fenotipo de hemólisis atípico y en la discriminación de los aislados de Listeria innocua con características hemolíticas.
Respecto a la detección Lm con fenotipo de no cultivabilidad, los problemas radican en la puesta en evidencia de los aislados en las biopelículas que se forman en las instalaciones de procesamiento de alimentos o en las infecciones que involucran dispositivos protésicos. Otro hecho importante, es la detección en las hojas de los vegetales sometidos a procesos de conservación y en las infecciones que producen abscesos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José A. Lepe
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla.España
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100
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Xue K, Prezioso SM, Christendat D. QuiC2 represents a functionally distinct class of dehydroshikimate dehydratases identified in Listeria species including Listeria monocytogenes. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2680-2692. [PMID: 32190965 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many Listeria species including L. monocytogenes contain the pathway for the biosynthesis of protocatechuate from shikimate and quinate. The qui1 and qui2 operons within these Listeria spp. encode enzymes for this pathway. The diversion of shikimate pathway intermediates in some Listeria species to produce protocatechuate suggests an important biological role for this compound to these organisms. A total of seven ORFs, including quiC2, were identified within qui1 and qui2, however only three proteins encoded by the operons have been functionally annotated. The final step in Listeria's protocatechuate biosynthesis involves the conversion of dehydroshikimate by a dehydroshikimate dehydratase (DSD). In this study, we demonstrate that QuiC2 functions as a DSD in Listeria spp. through biochemical and structural analyses. Moreover, we show that QuiC2 forms a phylogenetic cluster distinct from other functionally annotated DSDs. The individual phylogenetic clusters of DSD are represented by enzymes that produce protocatechuate for distinct biological processes. Similarly, QuiC2 is expected to produce protocatechuate for a novel biological process. We postulate that protocatechuate produced by DSDs found within the QuiC2 phylogenetic cluster provides an ecological niche for representative organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Xue
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Stephanie M Prezioso
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Dinesh Christendat
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2.,Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
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