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Covering the Role of PGC-1α in the Nervous System. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010111. [PMID: 35011673 PMCID: PMC8750669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a well-known transcriptional coactivator involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α is implicated in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders; therefore, a deep understanding of its functioning in the nervous system may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. The central nervous system (CNS)-specific isoforms of PGC-1α have been recently identified, and many functions of PGC-1α are assigned to the particular cell types of the central nervous system. In the mice CNS, deficiency of PGC-1α disturbed viability and functioning of interneurons and dopaminergic neurons, followed by alterations in inhibitory signaling and behavioral dysfunction. Furthermore, in the ALS rodent model, PGC-1α protects upper motoneurons from neurodegeneration. PGC-1α is engaged in the generation of neuromuscular junctions by lower motoneurons, protection of photoreceptors, and reduction in oxidative stress in sensory neurons. Furthermore, in the glial cells, PGC-1α is essential for the maturation and proliferation of astrocytes, myelination by oligodendrocytes, and mitophagy and autophagy of microglia. PGC-1α is also necessary for synaptogenesis in the developing brain and the generation and maintenance of synapses in postnatal life. This review provides an outlook of recent studies on the role of PGC-1α in various cells in the central nervous system.
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Anoar S, Woodling NS, Niccoli T. Mitochondria Dysfunction in Frontotemporal Dementia/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Lessons From Drosophila Models. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:786076. [PMID: 34899176 PMCID: PMC8652125 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.786076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by declining motor and cognitive functions. Even though these diseases present with distinct sets of symptoms, FTD and ALS are two extremes of the same disease spectrum, as they show considerable overlap in genetic, clinical and neuropathological features. Among these overlapping features, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with both FTD and ALS. Recent studies have shown that cells derived from patients' induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)s display mitochondrial abnormalities, and similar abnormalities have been observed in a number of animal disease models. Drosophila models have been widely used to study FTD and ALS because of their rapid generation time and extensive set of genetic tools. A wide array of fly models have been developed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of toxicity for mutations associated with FTD/ALS. Fly models have been often instrumental in understanding the role of disease associated mutations in mitochondria biology. In this review, we discuss how mutations associated with FTD/ALS disrupt mitochondrial function, and we review how the use of Drosophila models has been pivotal to our current knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Anoar
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel S Woodling
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Niccoli
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Parkin beyond Parkinson’s Disease—A Functional Meaning of Parkin Downregulation in TDP-43 Proteinopathies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123389. [PMID: 34943897 PMCID: PMC8699658 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin and PINK1 are key regulators of mitophagy, an autophagic pathway for selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria. To this date, parkin depletion has been associated with recessive early onset Parkinson’s disease (PD) caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PARK2 gene, while, in sporadic PD, the activity and abundance of this protein can be compromised by stress-related modifications. Intriguingly, research in recent years has shown that parkin depletion is not limited to PD but is also observed in other neurodegenerative diseases—especially those characterized by TDP-43 proteinopathies, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Here, we discuss the evidence of parkin downregulation in these disease phenotypes, its emerging connections with TDP-43, and its possible functional implications.
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Litwiniuk A, Baranowska-Bik A, Domańska A, Kalisz M, Bik W. Contribution of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Combined with NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121221. [PMID: 34959622 PMCID: PMC8703835 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common forms of neurodegenerative illnesses. It has been widely accepted that neuroinflammation is the key pathogenic mechanism in neurodegeneration. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome complex activity have a crucial role in inducing and sustaining neuroinflammation. In addition, mitochondrial-related inflammatory factors could drive the formation of inflammasome complexes, which are responsible for the activation, maturation, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The present review includes a broadened approach to the role of mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in abnormal NLRP3 activation in selected neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we also discuss the potential mitochondria-focused treatments that could influence the NLRP3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.L.); (A.D.); (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Baranowska-Bik
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Cegłowska 80, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anita Domańska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.L.); (A.D.); (M.K.); (W.B.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kalisz
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.L.); (A.D.); (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.L.); (A.D.); (M.K.); (W.B.)
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55
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Namboori SC, Thomas P, Ames R, Hawkins S, Garrett LO, Willis CRG, Rosa A, Stanton LW, Bhinge A. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies master regulators of neurodegeneration in SOD1 ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:3020-3035. [PMID: 34767750 PMCID: PMC8693652 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of motor neurons. We utilized single-cell transcriptomics to uncover dysfunctional pathways in degenerating motor neurons differentiated from SOD1 E100G ALS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and respective isogenic controls. Differential gene expression and network analysis identified activation of developmental pathways and core transcriptional factors driving the ALS motor neuron gene dysregulation. Specifically, we identified activation of SMAD2, a downstream mediator of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway as a key driver of SOD1 iPSC-derived motor neuron degeneration. Importantly, our analysis indicates that activation of TGFβ signaling may be a common mechanism shared between SOD1, FUS, C9ORF72, VCP, and sporadic ALS motor neurons. Our results demonstrate the utility of single-cell transcriptomics in mapping disease-relevant gene regulatory networks driving neurodegeneration in ALS motor neurons. We find that ALS-associated mutant SOD1 targets transcriptional networks that perturb motor neuron homeostasis. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SOD1 E100G ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons Mapping an ALS-relevant transcriptional network Upregulation of developmental programs in familial and sporadic ALS motor neurons Inhibition of TGFβ pathway improves SOD1 ALS iPSC-derived motor neuron survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema C Namboori
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ryan Ames
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sophie Hawkins
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | | | - Craig R G Willis
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Akshay Bhinge
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
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Lualdi M, Shafique A, Pedrini E, Pieroni L, Greco V, Castagnola M, Cucina G, Corrado L, Di Pierro A, De Marchi F, Camillo L, Colombrita C, D’Anca M, Alberio T, D’Alfonso S, Fasano M. C9ORF72 Repeat Expansion Affects the Proteome of Primary Skin Fibroblasts in ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910385. [PMID: 34638725 PMCID: PMC8508815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the corticospinal motor neurons, which ultimately leads to death. The repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) represents the most common genetic cause of ALS and it is also involved in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disorders. To offer insights into C9ORF72-mediated pathogenesis, we quantitatively analyzed the proteome of patient-derived primary skin fibroblasts from ALS patients carrying the C9ORF72 mutation compared with ALS patients who tested negative for it. Differentially expressed proteins were identified, used to generate a protein-protein interaction network and subjected to a functional enrichment analysis to unveil altered molecular pathways. ALS patients were also compared with patients affected by frontotemporal dementia carrying the C9ORF72 repeat expansion. As a result, we demonstrated that the molecular pathways mainly altered in fibroblasts (e.g., protein homeostasis) mirror the alterations observed in C9ORF72-mutated neurons. Moreover, we highlighted novel molecular pathways (nuclear and mitochondrial transports, vesicle trafficking, mitochondrial bioenergetics, glucose metabolism, ER-phagosome crosstalk and Slit/Robo signaling pathway) which might be further investigated as C9ORF72-specific pathogenetic mechanisms. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD023866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lualdi
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0331-339-414
| | - Adeena Shafique
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Laboratory, Experimental Neuroscience Department, S. Lucia Foundation IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-00168 Rome, Italy;
- Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Laboratory, Experimental Neuroscience Department, S. Lucia Foundation IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Giorgia Cucina
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Alice Di Pierro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lara Camillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Claudia Colombrita
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, I-20149 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marianna D’Anca
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, Policlinico Hospital, I-20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Sandra D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
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Current Concepts on Genetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189832. [PMID: 34575995 PMCID: PMC8469731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), neurodegenerative motor neuron disorder is characterized as multisystem disease with important contribution of genetic factors. The etiopahogenesis of ALS is not fully elucidate, but the dominant theory at present relates to RNA processing, as well as protein aggregation and miss-folding, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, inflammation and epigenetic dysregulation. Additionally, as mitochondria plays a leading role in cellular homeostasis maintenance, a rising amount of evidence indicates mitochondrial dysfunction as a substantial contributor to disease onset and progression. The aim of this review is to summarize most relevant findings that link genetic factors in ALS pathogenesis with different mechanisms with mitochondrial involvement (respiratory chain, OXPHOS control, calcium buffering, axonal transport, inflammation, mitophagy, etc.). We highlight the importance of a widening perspective for better understanding overlapping pathophysiological pathways in ALS and neurodegeneration in general. Finally, current and potentially novel therapies, especially gene specific therapies, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are discussed briefly.
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Small Hexokinase 1 Peptide against Toxic SOD1 G93A Mitochondrial Accumulation in ALS Rescues the ATP-Related Respiration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080948. [PMID: 34440152 PMCID: PMC8392704 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) gene represent one of the most common causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that specifically affects motor neurons (MNs). The dismutase-active SOD1 G93A mutant is responsible for the formation of toxic aggregates onto the mitochondrial surface, using the Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 (VDAC1) as an anchor point to the organelle. VDAC1 is the master regulator of cellular bioenergetics and by binding to hexokinases (HKs) it controls apoptosis. In ALS, however, SOD1 G93A impairs VDAC1 activity and displaces HK1 from mitochondria, promoting organelle dysfunction, and cell death. Using an ALS cell model, we demonstrate that a small synthetic peptide derived from the HK1 sequence (NHK1) recovers the cell viability in a dose–response manner and the defective mitochondrial respiration profile relative to the ADP phosphorylation. This correlates with an unexpected increase of VDAC1 expression and a reduction of SOD1 mutant accumulation at the mitochondrial level. Overall, our findings provide important new insights into the development of therapeutic molecules to fight ALS and help to better define the link between altered mitochondrial metabolism and MNs death in the disease.
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59
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Liu YJ, Chern Y. Contribution of Energy Dysfunction to Impaired Protein Translation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:668500. [PMID: 34393724 PMCID: PMC8355359 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.668500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired energy homeostasis and aberrant translational control have independently been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. AMP kinase (AMPK), regulated by the ratio of cellular AMP and ATP, is a major gatekeeper for cellular energy homeostasis. Abnormal regulation of AMPK has been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Most importantly, AMPK activation is known to suppress the translational machinery by inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), activating translational regulators, and phosphorylating nuclear transporter factors. In this review, we describe recent findings on the emerging role of protein translation impairment caused by energy dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Liu
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Brunetti D, Catania A, Viscomi C, Deleidi M, Bindoff LA, Ghezzi D, Zeviani M. Role of PITRM1 in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070833. [PMID: 34356897 PMCID: PMC8301332 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer Disease. Increased oxidative stress, defective mitodynamics, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation leading to decreased ATP production, can determine synaptic dysfunction, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, mitochondrial proteostasis and the protease-mediated quality control system, carrying out degradation of potentially toxic peptides and misfolded or damaged proteins inside mitochondria, are emerging as potential pathogenetic mechanisms. The enzyme pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1) is a key player in these processes; it is responsible for degrading mitochondrial targeting sequences that are cleaved off from the imported precursor proteins and for digesting a mitochondrial fraction of amyloid beta (Aβ). In this review, we present current evidence obtained from patients with PITRM1 mutations, as well as the different cellular and animal models of PITRM1 deficiency, which points toward PITRM1 as a possible driving factor of several neurodegenerative conditions. Finally, we point out the prospect of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy;
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessia Catania
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Laurence A. Bindoff
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.Z.)
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61
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Catanese A, Rajkumar S, Sommer D, Freisem D, Wirth A, Aly A, Massa‐López D, Olivieri A, Torelli F, Ioannidis V, Lipecka J, Guerrera IC, Zytnicki D, Ludolph A, Kabashi E, Mulaw MA, Roselli F, Böckers TM. Synaptic disruption and CREB-regulated transcription are restored by K + channel blockers in ALS. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13131. [PMID: 34125498 PMCID: PMC8261490 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, which is still missing effective therapeutic strategies. Although manipulation of neuronal excitability has been tested in murine and human ALS models, it is still under debate whether neuronal activity might represent a valid target for efficient therapies. In this study, we exploited a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, optogenetics and pharmacological approaches to investigate the activity-related pathological features of iPSC-derived C9orf72-mutant motoneurons (MN). We found that human ALSC9orf72 MN are characterized by accumulation of aberrant aggresomes, reduced expression of synaptic genes, loss of synaptic contacts and a dynamic "malactivation" of the transcription factor CREB. A similar phenotype was also found in TBK1-mutant MN and upon overexpression of poly(GA) aggregates in primary neurons, indicating a strong convergence of pathological phenotypes on synaptic dysregulation. Notably, these alterations, along with neuronal survival, could be rescued by treating ALS-related neurons with the K+ channel blockers Apamin and XE991, which, respectively, target the SK and the Kv7 channels. Thus, our study shows that restoring the activity-dependent transcriptional programme and synaptic composition exerts a neuroprotective effect on ALS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Catanese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Sandeep Rajkumar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Daniel Sommer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Dennis Freisem
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Alexander Wirth
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Amr Aly
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - David Massa‐López
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
| | - Andrea Olivieri
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Federica Torelli
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Valentin Ioannidis
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- Proteomics platform NeckerINSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633Université de Paris – Structure Fédérative de Recherche NeckerParisFrance
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics platform NeckerINSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633Université de Paris – Structure Fédérative de Recherche NeckerParisFrance
| | - Daniel Zytnicki
- SPPIN ‐ Saints‐Pères Paris Institute for the NeurosciencesCNRSUniversité de ParisParis, Paris
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
- Department of NeurologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Institute of Translational Research for Neurological DisordersINSERM UMR 1163Imagine InstituteParisFrance
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Internal Medicine I and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell AgingMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital UlmUniversity of Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
- Department of NeurologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Tobias M Böckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
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Obrador E, Salvador-Palmer R, López-Blanch R, Jihad-Jebbar A, Vallés SL, Estrela JM. The Link between Oxidative Stress, Redox Status, Bioenergetics and Mitochondria in the Pathophysiology of ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126352. [PMID: 34198557 PMCID: PMC8231819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common neurodegenerative disease of the motor system. It is characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, which leads to muscle weakness and paralysis. ALS is incurable and has a bleak prognosis, with median survival of 3-5 years after the initial symptomatology. In ALS, motor neurons gradually degenerate and die. Many features of mitochondrial dysfunction are manifested in neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. Mitochondria have shown to be an early target in ALS pathophysiology and contribute to disease progression. Disruption of their axonal transport, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, disruption of the mitochondrial structure, dynamics, mitophagy, energy production, calcium buffering and apoptotic triggering have all been directly involved in disease pathogenesis and extensively reported in ALS patients and animal model systems. Alterations in energy production by motor neurons, which severely limit their survival capacity, are tightly linked to the redox status and mitochondria. The present review focuses on this link. Placing oxidative stress as a main pathophysiological mechanism, the molecular interactions and metabolic flows involved are analyzed. This leads to discussing potential therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial biology to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Correspondence: (E.O.); (J.M.E.); Tel.: +34-963864646 (J.M.E.)
| | | | | | | | | | - José M. Estrela
- Correspondence: (E.O.); (J.M.E.); Tel.: +34-963864646 (J.M.E.)
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63
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Nishimura AL, Arias N. Synaptopathy Mechanisms in ALS Caused by C9orf72 Repeat Expansion. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:660693. [PMID: 34140881 PMCID: PMC8203826 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.660693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). ALS pathogenic features include accumulation of misfolded proteins, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction at distal axon terminals, and neuronal cytoskeleton changes. Synergies between loss of C9orf72 functions and gain of function by toxic effects of repeat expansions also contribute to C9orf72-mediated pathogenesis. However, the impact of haploinsufficiency of C9orf72 on neurons and in synaptic functions requires further examination. As the motor neurons degenerate, the disease symptoms will lead to neurotransmission deficiencies in the brain, spinal cord, and neuromuscular junction. Altered neuronal excitability, synaptic morphological changes, and C9orf72 protein and DPR localization at the synapses, suggest a potential involvement of C9orf72 at synapses. In this review article, we provide a conceptual framework for assessing the putative involvement of C9orf72 as a synaptopathy, and we explore the underlying and common disease mechanisms with other neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we reflect on the major challenges of understanding C9orf72-ALS as a synaptopathy focusing on integrating mitochondrial and neuronal cytoskeleton degeneration as biomarkers and potential targets to treat ALS neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L Nishimura
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, UK Dementia Research Institute, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Arias
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, UK Dementia Research Institute, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,INEUROPA, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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64
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Fumagalli L, Young FL, Boeynaems S, De Decker M, Mehta AR, Swijsen A, Fazal R, Guo W, Moisse M, Beckers J, Dedeene L, Selvaraj BT, Vandoorne T, Madan V, van Blitterswijk M, Raitcheva D, McCampbell A, Poesen K, Gitler AD, Koch P, Vanden Berghe P, Thal DR, Verfaillie C, Chandran S, Van Den Bosch L, Bullock SL, Van Damme P. C9orf72-derived arginine-containing dipeptide repeats associate with axonal transport machinery and impede microtubule-based motility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg3013. [PMID: 33837088 PMCID: PMC8034861 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). How this mutation leads to these neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. Here, we show using patient stem cell-derived motor neurons that the repeat expansion impairs microtubule-based transport, a process critical for neuronal survival. Cargo transport defects are recapitulated by treating neurons from healthy individuals with proline-arginine and glycine-arginine dipeptide repeats (DPRs) produced from the repeat expansion. Both arginine-rich DPRs similarly inhibit axonal trafficking in adult Drosophila neurons in vivo. Physical interaction studies demonstrate that arginine-rich DPRs associate with motor complexes and the unstructured tubulin tails of microtubules. Single-molecule imaging reveals that microtubule-bound arginine-rich DPRs directly impede translocation of purified dynein and kinesin-1 motor complexes. Collectively, our study implicates inhibitory interactions of arginine-rich DPRs with axonal transport machinery in C9orf72-associated ALS/FTD and thereby points to potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fumagalli
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florence L Young
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Boeynaems
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mathias De Decker
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arpan R Mehta
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ann Swijsen
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raheem Fazal
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wenting Guo
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Beckers
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Dedeene
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory for Neuropathology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bhuvaneish T Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tijs Vandoorne
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanesa Madan
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Koen Poesen
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philipp Koch
- Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory for Neuropathology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, India
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon L Bullock
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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65
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Dafinca R, Barbagallo P, Talbot K. The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ER Stress in TDP-43 and C9ORF72 ALS. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:653688. [PMID: 33867942 PMCID: PMC8047135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.653688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the motor system with complex determinants, including genetic and non-genetic factors. Despite this heterogeneity, a key pathological signature is the mislocalization and aggregation of specific proteins in the cytoplasm, suggesting that convergent pathogenic mechanisms focusing on disturbances in proteostasis are important in ALS. In addition, many cellular processes have been identified as potentially contributing to disease initiation and progression, such as defects in axonal transport, autophagy, nucleocytoplasmic transport, ER stress, calcium metabolism, the unfolded protein response and mitochondrial function. Here we review the evidence from in vitro and in vivo models of C9ORF72 and TDP-43-related ALS supporting a central role in pathogenesis for endoplasmic reticulum stress, which activates an unfolded protein response (UPR), and mitochondrial dysfunction. Disruption in the finely tuned signaling between the ER and mitochondria through calcium ions may be a crucial trigger of mitochondrial deficits and initiate an apoptotic signaling cascade, thus acting as a point of convergence for multiple upstream disturbances of cellular homeostasis and constituting a potentially important therapeutic target.
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