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Frombach J, Unbehauen M, Kurniasih IN, Schumacher F, Volz P, Hadam S, Rancan F, Blume-Peytavi U, Kleuser B, Haag R, Alexiev U, Vogt A. Core-multishell nanocarriers enhance drug penetration and reach keratinocytes and antigen-presenting cells in intact human skin. J Control Release 2019; 299:138-148. [PMID: 30797867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In reconstructed skin and diffusion cell studies, core-multishell nanocarriers (CMS-NC) showed great potential for drug delivery across the skin barrier. Herein, we investigated penetration, release of dexamethasone (DXM), in excised full-thickness human skin with special focus on hair follicles (HF). Four hours and 16 h after topical application of clinically relevant dosages of 10 μg DXM/cm2 skin encapsulated in CMS-NC (12 nm diameter, 5.8% loading), presence of DXM in the tissue as assessed by fluorescence microscopy of anti-DXM-stained tissue sections as well as ELISA and HPLC-MS/MS in tissue extracts was enhanced compared to standard LAW-creme but lower compared to DXM aqueous/alcoholic solution. Such enhanced penetration compared to conventional cremes offers high potential for topical therapies, as recurrent applications of corticosteroid solutions face limitations with regard to tolerability and fast drainage. The findings encourage more detailed investigations on where and how the nanocarrier and drug dissociate within the skin and what other factors, e.g. thermodynamic activity, influence the penetration of this formulations. Microscopic studies on the spatial distribution within the skin revealed accumulation in HF and furrows accompanied by limited cellular uptake assessed by flow cytometry (up to 9% of total epidermal cells). FLIM clearly visualized the presence of CMS-NC in the viable epidermis and dermis. When exposed in situ a fraction of up to 25% CD1a+ cells were found within the epidermal CMS-NC+ population compared to approximately 3% CD1a+/CMS-NC+ cells after in vitro exposure in short-term cultures of epidermal cell suspensions. The latter reflects the natural percentage of Langerhans cells (LC) in epidermis suspensions and indicated that CMS-NC were not preferentially internalized by one cell type. The increased CMS-NC+ LC proportion after exposure within the tissue is in accordance with the strategic suprabasal LC-localization. More specifically we postulate that the extensive dendrite meshwork, their position around HF orifices and their capacity to modulate tight junctions facilitated a preferential uptake of CMS-NC by LC within the skin. This newly identified aspect of CMS-NC penetration underlines the potential of CMS-NC for dermatotherapy and encourages further investigations of CMS-NC for the delivery of other molecule classes for which intracellular delivery is even more crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Frombach
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Unbehauen
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Indah N Kurniasih
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pierre Volz
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hadam
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiorenza Rancan
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Vogt
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Blicharz L, Rudnicka L, Samochocki Z. Staphylococcus aureus: an underestimated factor in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis? Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:11-17. [PMID: 30858773 PMCID: PMC6409874 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.82821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a common, recurrent pruritic dermatosis with a complex pathogenesis. It has been associated with disordered patterns of immunological response and impaired epithelial barrier integrity. These features predispose the patients to robust colonization of skin lesions by Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence factors of S. aureus (e.g. superantigens, α- and δ-toxin, protein A) have been shown to exacerbate and perpetuate the course of atopic dermatitis. Novel therapeutic options with potential for restoring natural microbiome composition are being elaborated and may enter clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Blicharz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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53
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Chiba T, Nakahara T, Fujishima K, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Furue M. Epidermal barrier disruption by 9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid in human keratinocytes. J Dermatol 2018; 45:746-747. [PMID: 29864226 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Chiba
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Fujishima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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54
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Novak-Bilić G, Vučić M, Japundžić I, Meštrović-Štefekov J, Stanić-Duktaj S, Lugović-Mihić L. IRRITANT AND ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS - SKIN LESION CHARACTERISTICS. Acta Clin Croat 2018; 57:713-720. [PMID: 31168208 PMCID: PMC6544100 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.04.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY – Contact skin lesions may be the consequences of contact with various irritants or allergens, or due to other factors (e.g., UV radiation, microbials), intrinsic factors (e.g., in autoimmune responses), or even their combination. There are many substances related to irritant contact dermatitis (CD), causing irritant or toxic effects, e.g., chemical and physical agents, plants, phototoxic agents, airborne irritants, etc. Impaired barrier function (e.g., aberrancies in epidermal pH buffering capabilities) also participates by promoting bacterial biofilms and creating an environment favoring sensitization. Development of allergic CD skin lesions includes complex immune pathways and inflammatory mediators, influenced by both genetic (predominantly filaggrin mutations) and environmental triggers. In the pathogenesis of allergic CD, antimicrobial peptides play a prominent role; they are produced by various skin cells (e.g., keratinocytes, sebocytes) and move to inflamed lesions during an inflammation process. Also, in allergic CD skin lesions, the skin shows different types of immune responses to individual allergens, although clinical manifestations do not depend on the causative allergen type, e.g., nickel stimulates immune activation primarily of the Th1/Th17 and Th22 components. Also important are alarmins, proteases, immunoproteomes, lipids, natural moisturizing factors, tight junctions, smoking, etc. We expect that future perspectives may reveal new pathogenetic factors and scientific data important for the workup and treatment of patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majda Vučić
- 1Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Zabok General Hospital, Zabok, Croatia; 2Department of Pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Japundžić
- 1Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Zabok General Hospital, Zabok, Croatia; 2Department of Pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Meštrović-Štefekov
- 1Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Zabok General Hospital, Zabok, Croatia; 2Department of Pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Stanić-Duktaj
- 1Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Zabok General Hospital, Zabok, Croatia; 2Department of Pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Liborija Lugović-Mihić
- 1Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Zabok General Hospital, Zabok, Croatia; 2Department of Pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
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Yokouchi M, Kubo A. Maintenance of tight junction barrier integrity in cell turnover and skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:876-883. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Yokouchi
- Department of Dermatology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Nerima General Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akiharu Kubo
- Department of Dermatology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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Zorn-Kruppa M, Vidal-Y-Sy S, Houdek P, Wladykowski E, Grzybowski S, Gruber R, Gorzelanny C, Harcup J, Schneider SW, Majumdar A, Brandner JM. Tight Junction barriers in human hair follicles - role of claudin-1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12800. [PMID: 30143655 PMCID: PMC6109114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrier function of hair follicles (HFs) is of great interest because they might be an entry port for allergens/pathogens, but could on the other hand be used for drug delivery or vaccination. Therefore we investigated tight junction (TJ) barrier function in human HFs. We show that there is a TJ barrier in the outermost living layer bordering to the environment from the infundibulum to the lower central part and between Henle’s and Huxles layer of anagen HFs. In club hair typical for catagen and telogen HFs a TJ barrier is found surrounding the club. This demonstrates that there is a continuous TJ barrier along interfollicular epidermis and HFs in different phases of HF cycle. However, interestingly, in cell culture experiments we can show that barrier is less tight in HF keratinocytes compared to interfollicular keratinocytes. Knock-down of the TJ protein claudin-1, which we demonstrate here to be less expressed in HFs of lesional atopic dermatitis skin, results in impaired barrier function, decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of hair keratinocytes. This is in line with a hair growth phenotype in claudin-1 deficient patients (NISCH syndrome) and corresponding knock-out mice and indicates an important role of claudin-1 in HF barrier function and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Zorn-Kruppa
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal-Y-Sy
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pia Houdek
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ewa Wladykowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jason Harcup
- Unilever R&D Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, UK
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Johanna M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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57
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Lee WR, Shen SC, Sung CT, Liu PY, Fang JY. Is the Fractional Laser Still Effective in Assisting Cutaneous Macromolecule Delivery in Barrier-Deficient Skin? Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis as the Disease Models. Pharm Res 2018; 35:128. [PMID: 29700662 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most of the investigations into laser-assisted skin permeation have used the intact skin as the permeation barrier. Whether the laser is effective in improving cutaneous delivery via barrier-defective skin is still unclear. METHODS In this study, ablative (Er:YAG) and non-ablative (Er:glass) lasers were examined for the penetration of peptide and siRNA upon topical application on in vitro skin with a healthy or disrupted barrier. RESULTS An enhanced peptide flux (6.9 fold) was detected after tape stripping of the pig stratum corneum (SC). A further increase of flux to 11.7 fold was obtained after Er:YAG laser irradiation of the SC-stripped skin. However, the application of Er:glass modality did not further raise the flux via the SC-stripped skin. A similar trend was observed in the case of psoriasiform skin. Conversely, the flux was enhanced 3.7 and 2.6 fold after treatment with the Er:YAG and the Er:glass laser on the atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin. The 3-D skin structure captured by confocal microscopy proved the distribution of peptide and siRNA through the microchannels and into the surrounding tissue. CONCLUSIONS The fractional laser was valid for ameliorating macromolecule permeation into barrier-disrupted skin although the enhancement level was lower than that of normal skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woan-Ruoh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Calvin T Sung
- School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pei-Ying Liu
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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58
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Cutaneous Barriers and Skin Immunity: Differentiating A Connected Network. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:315-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Urwyler-Rösselet C, Tanghe G, Leurs K, Gilbert B, De Rycke R, De Bruyne M, Lippens S, Bartunkova S, De Groote P, Niessen C, Haftek M, Vandenabeele P, Declercq W. Keratinocyte-Specific Ablation of RIPK4 Allows Epidermal Cornification but Impairs Skin Barrier Formation. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1268-1278. [PMID: 29317263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In humans, receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4) mutations can lead to the autosomal recessive Bartsocas-Papas and popliteal pterygium syndromes, which are characterized by severe skin defects, pterygia, as well as clefting. We show here that the epithelial fusions observed in RIPK4 full knockout (KO) mice are E-cadherin dependent, as keratinocyte-specific deletion of E-cadherin in RIPK4 full KO mice rescued the tail-to-body fusion and fusion of oral epithelia. To elucidate RIPK4 function in epidermal differentiation and development, we generated epidermis-specific RIPK4 KO mice (RIPK4EKO). In contrast to RIPK4 full KO epidermis, RIPK4EKO epidermis was normally stratified and the outside-in skin barrier in RIPK4EKO mice was largely intact at the trunk, in contrast to the skin covering the head and the outer end of the extremities. However, RIPK4EKO mice die shortly after birth due to excessive water loss because of loss of tight junction protein claudin-1 localization at the cell membrane, which results in tight junction leakiness. In contrast, mice with keratinocyte-specific RIPK4 deletion during adult life remain viable. Furthermore, our data indicate that epidermis-specific deletion of RIPK4 results in delayed keratinization and stratum corneum maturation and altered lipid organization and is thus indispensable during embryonic development for the formation of a functional inside-out epidermal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Urwyler-Rösselet
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Current affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giel Tanghe
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Leurs
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Gilbert
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel De Bruyne
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia Lippens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonia Bartunkova
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Groote
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carien Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marek Haftek
- LBTI, UMR5305 CNRS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Abstract
Contact sensitization is the initial process involved in the development of an allergic reaction to xenobiotic environmental substances. Here, we briefly describe the differences between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Then, we highlight the essential steps involved in the development of an ACD reaction, i.e., the protein binding of haptens, genetic factors influencing the penetration of sensitizers into the skin, the different mechanisms driving the initial development of an inflammatory cytokine micromilieu enabling the full maturation of dendritic cells, the role of pre- and pro-haptens, antigen presentation and T cell activation via MHC and CD1 molecules, dendritic cell (DC) migration, and potential LC contribution as well as the different T cell subsets involved in ACD. In addition, we discuss the latest publications regarding factors that might influence the sensitizing potential such as repeated sensitizer application, penetration enhancers, humidity of the skin, microbiota, Tregs, and phthalates. Last but not least, we briefly touch upon novel targets for drug development that might serve as treatment options for ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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61
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Bäsler K, Galliano MF, Bergmann S, Rohde H, Wladykowski E, Vidal-Y-Sy S, Guiraud B, Houdek P, Schüring G, Volksdorf T, Caruana A, Bessou-Touya S, Schneider SW, Duplan H, Brandner JM. Biphasic influence of Staphylococcus aureus on human epidermal tight junctions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1405:53-70. [PMID: 28753223 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections (e.g., with Staphylococcus aureus) are serious problems in skin with a compromised barrier, such as in patients with atopic dermatitis. Previously, it was shown that tight junction (TJ) proteins are influenced by staphylococcal infection, and TJ function is impaired after infection of the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. However, functional studies in cells or models more similar to human skin are missing. Therefore, we investigated bacterial colonialization and infection with live S. aureus in primary human keratinocytes and reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). We show that short-term inoculation results in increased TJ barrier function-which could not be seen in HaCaT cells-hinting at an early protective effect. This is accompanied by occludin phosphorylation and sustained localization of occludin and claudin-4 at cell membranes. Long-term incubation resulted in decreased presence of claudin-1 and claudin-4 at cell membranes and decreased TJ barrier function. The agr regulon of S. aureus plays a role in the increasing but not in the decreasing effect. Proinflammatory cytokines, which are produced as a result of S. aureus inoculation, influence both phases. In summary, we show here that S. aureus can have short-term promoting effects on the TJ barrier, while in the long term it results in disturbance of TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Bäsler
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sophia Bergmann
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ewa Wladykowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal-Y-Sy
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Pia Houdek
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Germar Schüring
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Volksdorf
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Johanna M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Accelerate Epithelial Tight Junction Assembly via the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway, Independently of Liver Kinase B1. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9717353. [PMID: 28781597 PMCID: PMC5525096 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9717353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are fibroblast-like multipotent cells capable of tissue-repair properties. Given the essentiality of tight junctions (TJ) in epithelial integrity, we hypothesized that MSC modulate TJ formation, via the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway. Liver kinase-β1 (LKB1) and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) represent the main kinases that activate AMPK. METHODS The in vitro Ca2+ switch from 5 μM to 1.8 mM was performed using epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells cultured alone or cocultured with rat bone marrow-derived MSC or preexposed to MSC-conditioned medium. TJ assembly was measured by assessing ZO-1 relocation to cell-cell contacts. Experiments were conducted using MDCK stably expressing short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) against LKB1 or luciferase (LUC, as controls). Compound STO-609 (50 μM) was used as CaMKK inhibitor. RESULTS Following Ca2+ switch, ZO-1 relocation and phosphorylation/activation of AMPK were significantly higher in MDCK/MSC compared to MDCK. No difference in AMPK phosphorylation was observed between LKB1-shRNA and Luc-shRNA MDCK following Ca2+ switch. Conversely, incubation with STO-609 prior to Ca2+ switch prevented AMPK phosphorylation and ZO-1 relocation. MSC-conditioned medium slightly but significantly increased AMPK activation and accelerated TJ-associated distribution of ZO-1 post Ca2+ switch in comparison to regular medium. CONCLUSIONS MSC modulate the assembly of epithelial TJ, via the CaMKK/AMPK pathway independently of LKB1.
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Crawford M, Dagnino L. Scaffolding proteins in the development and maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1341969. [PMID: 28665776 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1341969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of mammals and other terrestrial vertebrates protects the organism against the external environment, preventing heat, water and electrolyte loss, as well as entry of chemicals and pathogens. Impairments in the epidermal permeability barrier function are associated with the genesis and/or progression of a variety of pathological conditions, including genetic inflammatory diseases, microbial and viral infections, and photodamage induced by UV radiation. In mammals, the outside-in epidermal permeability barrier is provided by the joint action of the outermost cornified layer, together with assembled tight junctions in granular keratinocytes found in the layers underneath. Tight junctions serve as both outside-in and inside-out barriers, and impede paracellular movements of ions, water, macromolecules and microorganisms. At the molecular level, tight junctions consist of integral membrane proteins that form an extracellular seal between adjacent cells, and associate with cytoplasmic scaffold proteins that serve as links with the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we address the roles that scaffold proteins play specifically in the establishment and maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier, and how various pathologies alter or impair their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Crawford
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
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Bardet C, Ribes S, Wu Y, Diallo MT, Salmon B, Breiderhoff T, Houillier P, Müller D, Chaussain C. Claudin Loss-of-Function Disrupts Tight Junctions and Impairs Amelogenesis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:326. [PMID: 28596736 PMCID: PMC5442167 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of proteins that forms paracellular barriers and pores determining tight junctions (TJ) permeability. Claudin-16 and -19 are pore forming TJ proteins allowing calcium and magnesium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TAL). Loss-of-function mutations in the encoding genes, initially identified to cause Familial Hypomagnesemia with Hypercalciuria and Nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), were recently shown to be also involved in Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI). In addition, both claudins were expressed in the murine tooth germ and Claudin-16 knockout (KO) mice displayed abnormal enamel formation. Claudin-3, an ubiquitous claudin expressed in epithelia including kidney, acts as a barrier-forming tight junction protein. We determined that, similarly to claudin-16 and claudin-19, claudin-3 was expressed in the tooth germ, more precisely in the TJ located at the apical end of secretory ameloblasts. The observation of Claudin-3 KO teeth revealed enamel defects associated to impaired TJ structure at the secretory ends of ameloblasts and accumulation of matrix proteins in the forming enamel. Thus, claudin-3 protein loss-of-function disturbs amelogenesis similarly to claudin-16 loss-of-function, highlighting the importance of claudin proteins for the TJ structure. These findings unravel that loss-of-function of either pore or barrier-forming TJ proteins leads to enamel defects. Hence, the major structural function of claudin proteins appears essential for amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bardet
- Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Sandy Ribes
- Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Yong Wu
- Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Mamadou Tidiane Diallo
- Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France.,Department of Odontology, AP-HP, and Reference Center for Rare Dieases of the Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus, Nord Val de Seine Hospital (Bretonneau)Paris, France
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité University School of MedicineBerlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Cordeliers Research Center, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, Paris-Diderot, Pierre et Marie Curie and Paris Descartes Universities, ERLParis, France
| | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité University School of MedicineBerlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France.,Department of Odontology, AP-HP, and Reference Center for Rare Dieases of the Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus, Nord Val de Seine Hospital (Bretonneau)Paris, France
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Günzel D. Claudins: vital partners in transcellular and paracellular transport coupling. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:35-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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