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Xiong Z, Ren S, Chen H, Liu Y, Huang C, Zhang YL, Odera JO, Chen T, Kist R, Peters H, Garman K, Sun Z, Chen X. PAX9 regulates squamous cell differentiation and carcinogenesis in the oro-oesophageal epithelium. J Pathol 2018; 244:164-175. [PMID: 29055049 PMCID: PMC5842438 DOI: 10.1002/path.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PAX9 is a transcription factor of the PAX family characterized by a DNA-binding paired domain. Previous studies have suggested a potential role of PAX9 in squamous cell differentiation and carcinogenesis of the oro-oesophageal epithelium. However, its functional roles in differentiation and carcinogenesis remain unclear. In this study, Pax9 deficiency in mouse oesophagus promoted cell proliferation, delayed cell differentiation, and altered the global gene expression profile. Ethanol exposure downregulated PAX9 expression in human oesophageal epithelial cells in vitro and mouse forestomach and tongue in vivo. We further showed that PAX9 was downregulated in human oro-oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OESCC), and its downregulation was associated with alcohol drinking and promoter hypermethylation. Moreover, ad libitum feeding with a liquid diet containing ethanol for 40 weeks or Pax9 deficiency promoted N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced squamous cell carcinogenesis in mouse tongue, oesophagus, and forestomach. In conclusion, PAX9 regulates squamous cell differentiation in the oro-oesophageal epithelium. Alcohol drinking and promoter hypermethylation are associated with PAX9 silencing in human OESCC. PAX9 downregulation may contribute to alcohol-associated oro-oesophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xiong
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Hospital for Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 4 Tian-Tan-Xi-Li, Beijing 100050, China
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Hospital for Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 4 Tian-Tan-Xi-Li, Beijing 100050, China
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Hospital for Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 4 Tian-Tan-Xi-Li, Beijing 100050, China
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Caizhi Huang
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Yawan Lyvia Zhang
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Joab Otieno Odera
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Tong Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ralf Kist
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Heiko Peters
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Katherine Garman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, DUMC 3913, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Hospital for Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 4 Tian-Tan-Xi-Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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HPV, KRAS mutations, alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking effects on esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma carcinogenesis. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 27:1-12. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2011.8737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an invasive neoplastic disease generally associated with poor survival rates. The incidence of ESCC is characterized by marked geographic variation, with highest rates noted in developing Southeastern African, Central and Eastern Asian countries. In the developed Western European and North American regions where there is a low disease incidence, heavy alcohol and cigarette consumption constitute major risk factors. The toxic effects of both these risk factors cause chronic irritation and inflammation of the esophageal mucosa, while at the cellular level they further confer mutagenic effects by the activation of oncogenes (e.g., RAS mutations), inhibition of tumor-suppressor genes, and profound DNA damage. Viral infections, particularly with human papillomavirus, may activate specific antiapoptotic, proliferative and malignant cellular responses that may be intensified in combination with the effects of alcohol and tobacco. In countries with a high ESCC incidence, low socioeconomic status and an inadequate diet of poorly preserved food are combined with basic nutritional deficiencies and inadequate medical treatment. These conditions are favorable to the above-mentioned risk factors implicated in ESCC development, which may be present and/or habitually used in certain populations. New perspectives in epidemiological studies of ESCC development and its risk factors allow genome-wide research involving specific environments and habits. Such research should consist of adequately large and representative samples, should use newly designed informative genetic markers, and apply genomic variation analysis of the functional transcripts involved in malignant cell cycle regulation and neoplastic transformation in the multi-step process of ESCC carcinogenesis.
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Pu W, Wang C, Chen S, Zhao D, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Li C, Huang Z, Jin L, Guo S, Wang J, Wang M. Targeted bisulfite sequencing identified a panel of DNA methylation-based biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:129. [PMID: 29270239 PMCID: PMC5732523 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation has been implicated as a promising biomarker for precise cancer diagnosis. However, limited DNA methylation-based biomarkers have been described in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods A high-throughput DNA methylation dataset (100 samples) of ESCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project was analyzed and validated along with another independent dataset (12 samples) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The methylation status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy controls was also utilized for biomarker selection. The candidate CpG sites as well as their adjacent regions were further validated in 94 pairs of ESCC tumor and adjacent normal tissues from the Chinese Han population using the targeted bisulfite sequencing method. Logistic regression and several machine learning methods were applied for evaluation of the diagnostic ability of our panel. Results In the discovery stage, five hyper-methylated CpG sites were selected as candidate biomarkers for further analysis as shown below: cg15830431, P = 2.20 × 10−4; cg19396867, P = 3.60 × 10−4; cg20655070, P = 3.60 × 10−4; cg26671652, P = 5.77 × 10−4; and cg27062795, P = 3.60 × 10−4. In the validation stage, the methylation status of both the five CpG sites and their adjacent genomic regions were tested. The diagnostic model based on the combination of these five genomic regions yielded a robust performance (sensitivity = 0.75, specificity = 0.88, AUC = 0.85). Eight statistical models along with five-fold cross-validation were further applied, in which the SVM model reached the best accuracy in both training and test dataset (accuracy = 0.82 and 0.80, respectively). In addition, subgroup analyses revealed a significant difference in diagnostic performance between the alcohol use and non-alcohol use subgroups. Conclusions Methylation profiles of the five genomic regions covering cg15830431 (STK3), cg19396867, cg20655070, cg26671652 (ZNF418), and cg27062795 (ZNF542) can be used for effective methylation-based testing for ESCC diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-017-0430-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenji Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Sidi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dunmei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yinghui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Caihua Li
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Zebin Huang
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0412, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449 United States
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
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Zhang Z, Wen P, Li F, Yao C, Wang T, Liang B, Yang Q, Ma L, He L. HIPK2 inhibits cell metastasis and improves chemosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1113-1118. [PMID: 29434701 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide. At present, the underlying mechanisms of ESCC development and progression are poorly understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) serves an important role in cancer biology, particularly in proliferation and metastasis. However, the role of HIPK2 in ESCC cells remains unclear. In the current study, the expression of HIPK2 in ESCC specimens, adjacent non-cancerous tissues and cell lines was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The effects of HIPK2 on cell metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation were studied using a Transwell assay, RT-qPCR and a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, respectively. The results indicated that HIPK2 expression was downregulated in ESCC specimens and cell lines, and HIPK2 expression was associated with tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. Functional studies demonstrated that HIPK2 overexpression inhibited cell metastasis and EMT. Furthermore, HIPK2 overexpression suppressed cell viability during cisplatin treatment. These results suggest that HIPK2 serves an important role in regulating metastasis and the chemosensitivity of ESCC cells, implicating the potential application of HIPK2 in ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Penghai Wen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Nanshi Hospital of Henan University, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanshan Yao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Tongfu Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Qingle Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Limin He
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
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55
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Kigen G, Busakhala N, Kamuren Z, Rono H, Kimalat W, Njiru E. Factors associated with the high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Western Kenya: a review. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29142587 PMCID: PMC5670732 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinoma (OC) is highly prevalent in Western Kenya especially among the members of the Kalenjin community who reside in the Northern and Southern areas of the Rift Valley. Previous authors have suggested potential association of environmental and genetic risk factors with this high prevalence. The environmental factors that have been suggested include contamination of food by mycotoxins and/or pesticides, consumption of traditional alcohol (locally referred to “Busaa” and “Chan’gaa”), use of fermented milk (“Mursik”), poor diet, tobacco use and genetic predisposition. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the potential contribution of each of the factors that have been postulated to be associated with the high prevalence of the disease in order to establish the most likely cause. We have done this by analyzing the trends, characteristics and behaviours that are specifically unique in the region, and corroborated this with the available literature. From our findings, the most plausible cause of the high incidence of OC among the Kalenjin community is mycotoxins, particularly fumonisins from the food chain resulting from poor handling of cereals; particularly maize combined with traditional alcohol laced with the toxins interacting synergistically with other high-risk factors such as dietary deficiencies associated alcoholism and viral infections, especially HPV. Urgent mitigating strategies should be developed in order to minimize the levels of mycotoxins in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Naftali Busakhala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Kamuren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hillary Rono
- Kitale County Hospital; London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, P.O. Box 98-30200, Kitale, Kenya
| | - Wilfred Kimalat
- Retired Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, Provisional Administration & Internal Security, Office of the President, P. O. Box 28467-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evangeline Njiru
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, 30100 Kenya
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Yang L, Ji Y, Chen L, Li M, Wu F, Hu J, Jiang J, Cui X, Chen Y, Pang L, Wei Y, Li F. Genetic variability in LMP2 and LMP7 is associated with the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Kazakh population but is not associated with HPV infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186319. [PMID: 29073155 PMCID: PMC5657974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kazakh population in Xinjiang Province in northwestern China exhibits a high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although the etiology of esophageal carcinoma (EC) has not been elucidated, there are reports of the involvement of an immunologic mechanism. In the current study, 268 Kazakh ESCC patients and 500 age- and sex-matched control subjects were recruited. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from the patients and peripheral blood lymphocytes from the controls and used for LMP2/LMP7 genotyping. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was performed to detect LMP2/LMP7 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found a clear increased risk of ESCC in the Kazakh population for the heterozygous LMP2 R/C genotype and the homozygous C/C genotype (OR = 1.470, 95%CI = 1.076–2.008, p = 0.015 forLMP2R/C; OR = 2.048, 95% CI = 1.168–3.591, p = 0.011 for LMP2 C/C). Conversely, the heterozygous LMP7 Q/K polymorphism was found to decrease the risk of ESCC in this population (OR = 0.421, 95% CI = 0.286–0.621, p = 8.83×10−6). Moreover, LMP2 R/C+C/C genotype was associated with increased tumor invasion depth (p = 0.041). Haplotype analysis showed that haplotype A, which includes wild-type homozygous LMP2/TAP1 and mutant LMP7, decreases susceptibility to ESCC in the Kazakh population; in contrast, haplotype E, which includes wild-type homozygous LMP2/LMP7/TAP1, acts as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to ESCC. This is the first study to report that the heterozygous LMP2 R/C and homozygous C/C genotypes increase susceptibility to ESCC in the Kazakh population and that the heterozygous LMP7 Q/K genotype decreases susceptibility to ESCC in this population. Nevertheless, neither LMP2 nor LMP7 was associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Understanding LMP2/LMP7 genetic variability will provide a new therapeutic perspective for Kazakh patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinfang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaobin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yutao Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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57
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Zhai S, Xue J, Wang Z, Hu L. High expression of special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 predicts esophageal squamous cell carcinoma relapse and poor prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7455-7460. [PMID: 29344188 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of the roles of special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 (SATB1) in the development and progression of cancer have suggested that SATB1 promotes cancer cell metastasis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of SATB1 in the progression and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ESCC tissues were collected from 102 patients and SATB1 mRNA expression was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The association between expression of SATB1 mRNA with clinicopathological features and prognosis was assessed, and the prognosis of ESCC was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. In the 102 ESCC tissues, SATB1 mRNA expression correlated with the clinical tumor node metastasis stage (P<0.05), but not with any other clinicopathological features (including age, gender, tumor differentiation grade, adjuvant radio/chemotherapy, or the consumption of alcohol and use of cigarettes) (P>0.05). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with high SATB1 expression was decreased compared with those with low SATB1 expression. The present study indicated that SATB1 mRNA expression was associated with the postoperative recurrent and poor prognosis in ESCC. SATB1 may be a novel marker for predicting the recurrent and worse prognosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhui Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Hu
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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58
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Morita M, Egashira A, Nakaji YU, Kagawa M, Sugiyama M, Yoshida D, Ota M, Ikebe M, Masuda M, Inoue Y, Kunitake N, Toh Y. Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus Synchronously Associated with Head and Neck Cancer. In Vivo 2017; 31:909-916. [PMID: 28882958 PMCID: PMC5656865 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to clarify the treatment strategy for synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC) and head and neck cancer (HNC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Treatment outcomes of 91 patients with synchronous ESCC and HNC were evaluated. Thirty-eight patients received simultaneous definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and 15 patients underwent simultaneous resection. RESULTS Among the patients who received simultaneous CRT, adverse events (grade 3-5) were recognized in 14 patients (40%), including one case of death due to aspiration pneumonia. Complete response was observed in 22 patients with ESCC (58%) and 19 patients with HNC (50%). The five-year survival rate was 44%. There were no in-hospital deaths after simultaneous resection; however, postoperative complications were recognized in 4 patients. The five-year OS was 70%. CONCLUSION The treatment of synchronous ESCC and HNC must be decided by adopting a strategy that is appropriate for each case. Both simultaneous CRT and simultaneous resection are feasible and effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Morita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinori Egashira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y U Nakaji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Ota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ikebe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Masuda
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yojiro Inoue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naonobu Kunitake
- Department of Radiology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Toh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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59
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Wang YK, Chuang YS, Wu TS, Lee KW, Wu CW, Wang HC, Kuo CT, Lee CH, Kuo WR, Chen CH, Wu DC, Wu IC. Endoscopic screening for synchronous esophageal neoplasia among patients with incident head and neck cancer: Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1987-1996. [PMID: 28758200 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous-cell neoplasia (ESCN) is a common second primary neoplasia found in patients with head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study sought to identify the risk factors for synchronous ESCN and how they influence survival in HNSCC patient. Eight hundred and fifteen incident HNSCC patients were prospectively recruited for endoscopy screening for ESCN using white-light imaging, narrow-band imaging, Lugol chromoendoscopy, and pathological confirmation. Associated lifestyle and clinicopathological data were collected. The interquartile follow-up period cutoffs were 11.3, 20.5 and 34.9 months. 124 patients (15.2%) were diagnosed as having synchronous ESCN (66 low-grade dysplasia, 29 high-grade dysplasia, and 29 esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma). Consumption of alcohol, but not betel nut or cigarette, was significantly associated with the presence of synchronous ESCN (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.1 and 10.9 for former and current drinkers, respectively). There was an interaction between cumulative dose of alcohol consumption and alcohol flushing response on the development of ESCN. High-dose drinkers with flush response were 16.9 times more likely to have esophageal high-grade dysplasia/SCC than non-drinkers. Compared with oral cavity cancer patients, those with hypopharyngeal, laryngeal and oropharyngeal cancer were 6.8, 4.6 and 2.8 times more likely to have esophageal high-grade dysplasia/SCC. HNSCC patients with synchronous ESCN had lower overall survival than those without (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, surveillance of ESCN is strongly recommended for the high-risk subpopulation of HNSCC patients, especially drinkers who have a flush response to alcohol, and those with distant metastasis of index cancer and cancers in hypopharynx, oropharynx and larynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Kuang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shiuan Chuang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Shiun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Wo Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Opto-Mechatronics, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Tong Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Environmental Medicine Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Rei Kuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ho Chen
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Erkizan HV, Johnson K, Ghimbovschi S, Karkera D, Trachiotis G, Adib H, Hoffman EP, Wadleigh RG. African-American esophageal squamous cell carcinoma expression profile reveals dysregulation of stress response and detox networks. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:426. [PMID: 28629367 PMCID: PMC5477112 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal carcinoma is the third most common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide and is largely unresponsive to therapy. African-Americans have an increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the subtype that shows marked variation in geographic frequency. The molecular architecture of African-American ESCC is still poorly understood. It is unclear why African-American ESCC is more aggressive and the survival rate in these patients is worse than those of other ethnic groups. METHODS To begin to define genetic alterations that occur in African-American ESCC we conducted microarray expression profiling in pairs of esophageal squamous cell tumors and matched control tissues. RESULTS We found significant dysregulation of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and stress response components of the NRF2- mediated oxidative damage pathway, potentially representing key genes in African-American esophageal squamous carcinogenesis. Loss of activity of drug metabolizing enzymes would confer increased sensitivity of esophageal cells to xenobiotics, such as alcohol and tobacco smoke, and may account for the high incidence and aggressiveness of ESCC in this ethnic group. To determine whether certain genes are uniquely altered in African-American ESCC we performed a meta-analysis of ESCC expression profiles in our African-American samples and those of several Asian samples. Down-regulation of TP53 pathway components represented the most common feature in ESCC of all ethnic groups. Importantly, this analysis revealed a potential distinctive molecular underpinning of African-American ESCC, that is, a widespread and prominent involvement of the NRF2 pathway. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings highlight the remarkable interplay of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of African-American ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Verda Erkizan
- Institute for Clinical Research, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- Bioinformatics Neuroscience Group, Information Technology Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Ghimbovschi
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Deepa Karkera
- Institute for Clinical Research, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | - Houtan Adib
- Radiology Service, VAMC, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
- Present address: School of Pharmacy, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Robert G Wadleigh
- Institute for Clinical Research, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Washington, D.C., USA.
- Oncology Section, Washington DC VAMC, 50 Irving St. NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA.
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61
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Genomic analysis of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma identifies alcohol drinking-related mutation signature and genomic alterations. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15290. [PMID: 28548104 PMCID: PMC5477513 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of the world's 500,000 new oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases each year occur in China. Here, we show whole-genome sequencing of DNA and RNA in 94 Chinese individuals with ESCC. We identify six mutational signatures (E1-E6), and Signature E4 is unique in ESCC linked to alcohol intake and genetic variants in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. We discover significantly recurrent mutations in 20 protein-coding genes, 4 long non-coding RNAs and 10 untranslational regions. Functional analyses show six genes that have recurrent copy-number variants in three squamous-cell carcinomas (oesophageal, head and neck and lung) significantly promote cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The most frequently affected genes by structural variation are LRP1B and TTC28. The aberrant cell cycle and PI3K-AKT pathways seem critical in ESCC. These results establish a comprehensive genomic landscape of ESCC and provide potential targets for precision treatment and prevention of the cancer.
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62
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Shigaki H, Imamura Y, Mine S, Okamura A, Kurogochi T, Yamashita K, Watanabe M. Clinicopathological features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in never smoker-never drinkers. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-7. [DOI: 10.1093/dote/dow019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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63
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Santos AA, Cappellari AR, de Marchi FO, Gehring MP, Zaparte A, Brandão CA, Lopes TG, da Silva VD, Pinto LFR, Savio LEB, Moreira-Souza ACA, Coutinho-Silva R, Paccez JD, Zerbini LF, Morrone FB. Potential role of P2X7R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:279-292. [PMID: 28397110 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is an aggressive tumor and is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. ATP is well known to regulate cancer progression in a variety of models by different mechanisms, including P2X7R activation. This study aimed to evaluate the role of P2X7R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) proliferation. Our results show that treatment with high ATP concentrations induced a decrease in cell number, cell viability, number of polyclonal colonies, and reduced migration of ESCC. The treatment with the selective P2X7R antagonist A740003 or siRNA for P2X7 reverted this effect in the KYSE450 cell line. In addition, results showed that P2X7R is highly expressed, at mRNA and protein levels, in KYSE450 lineage. Additionally, KYSE450, KYSE30, and OE21 cells express P2X3R, P2X4R, P2X5R, P2X6R, and P2X7R genes. P2X1R is expressed by KYSE30 and KYSE450, and only KYSE450 expresses the P2X2R gene. Furthermore, esophageal cancer cell line KYSE450 presented higher expression of E-NTPDases 1 and 2 and of Ecto-5'-NT/CD73 when compared to normal cells. This cell line also exhibits ATPase, ADPase, and AMPase activity, although in different levels, and the co-treatment of apyrase was able to revert the antiproliferative effects of ATP. Moreover, results showed high immunostaining for P2X7R in biopsies of patients with esophageal carcinoma, indicating the involvement of this receptor in the growth of this type of cancer. The results suggest that P2X7R may be a potential pharmacological target to treat ESCC and can lead us to further investigate the effect of this receptor in cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- André A Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angélica R Cappellari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O de Marchi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina P Gehring
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Zaparte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Brandão
- Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Giuliani Lopes
- Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vinicius D da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliano D Paccez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cancer Genomics Group, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Luiz F Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cancer Genomics Group, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernanda B Morrone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Farmácia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Yokoyama A, Katada C, Yokoyama T, Yano T, Kaneko K, Oda I, Shimizu Y, Doyama H, Koike T, Takizawa K, Hirao M, Okada H, Yoshii T, Konishi K, Yamanouchi T, Tsuda T, Omori T, Kobayashi N, Suzuki H, Tanabe S, Hori K, Nakayama N, Kawakubo H, Ishikawa H, Muto M. Alcohol abstinence and risk assessment for second esophageal cancer in Japanese men after mucosectomy for early esophageal cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175182. [PMID: 28384229 PMCID: PMC5383267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption combined with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) and the presence of multiple esophageal Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs; dysplasia) are strong predictors for multiple development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in East Asians. We invented a health risk appraisal (HRA) model for predicting the risk of ESCC based on drinking, smoking, dietary habits, and alcohol flushing, i.e., past or present facial flushing after drinking a glass of beer, a surrogate marker for inactive ALDH2. METHODS Prospective follow-up examinations (median follow-up time, 50.3 months) were performed in 278 Japanese men after endoscopic mucosectomy for early ESCC (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID: UMIN000001676). RESULTS Sixty-four subjects developed metachronous ESCC. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that HRA scores ≥12 best predicted the development of metachronous ESCC. The ESCC detection rate per 100 person-years was 9.8 in the high-HRA-score group (n = 104) and 4.5 in the low-HRA-score group (n = 174), and the risk of development of metachronous ESCC was higher in the high-HRA-score group than in the low-HRA-score group (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.00 [95% CI: 1.12-3.30]). Multiple LVLs was a very strong predictor of the development of metachronous SCC, but high HRA scores predicted it independently. The cumulative incidences of metachronous ESCC decreased after drinking cessation in the high-HRA-score drinker group (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.37 [0.14-0.97]). CONCLUSIONS Both the HRA model that included alcohol flushing and the multiple LVL grade predicted the development of metachronous ESCC in Japanese men after endoscopic mucosectomy for ESCC. Drinking cessation in the high-HRA-score drinker group reduced the rate of metachronous ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chikatoshi Katada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oda
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisashi Doyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kohei Takizawa
- Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Hirao
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takako Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Konishi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamanouchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kumamoto Regional Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tai Omori
- Endoscopy Center, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kobayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tochigi Cancer Center, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Suzuki
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanabe
- Research and Development Center for New Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norisuke Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a serious malignancy with high mortality. The two common distinctive pathologic subtypes of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. These differ with regards to etiology, ethnic distribution, pathogenesis, and location in the esophagus. The precursor lesions are also unique to each subtype. Squamous cell carcinoma is more common in East Asia, is linked to smoking and tobacco use, more commonly involves the middle esophagus, and the precursor lesion is squamous dysplasia. Adenocarcinoma is more common in the United States and certain European countries, associated with obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), more commonly involves the distal esophagus, and the precursor lesion is Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopic surveillance with biopsy evaluation is the standard of care in high-risk groups. Endoscopic ablative therapies for early cancers have lower morbidity than surgery. Despite increased awareness, identification of high-risk groups and endoscopic surveillance, a large proportion of patients present with advanced cancers. Surgery and chemoradiation, either in neo-adjuvant or adjuvant setting, is the usual treatment for patients with advanced but resectable esophageal cancers. The prognosis and further management largely depends upon the pathologic tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging provided by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the International Union against Cancer. Currently, the 7th edition of TNM staging system is being applied for prognostication and this is more focused on pathologic evaluation. Eighth edition of AJCC/UICC TNM staging has been introduced and will be implemented for clinical use in 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Jain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sadhna Dhingra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yasuda M, Saeki H, Nakashima Y, Yukaya T, Tsutsumi S, Tajiri H, Zaitsu Y, Tsuda Y, Kasagi Y, Ando K, Imamura Y, Ohgaki K, Akahoshi T, Oki E, Maehara Y. Treatment results of two-stage operation for the patients with esophageal cancer concomitant with liver dysfunction. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2017; 62:149-53. [PMID: 26399339 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.62.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of two-stage operation for the patients with esophageal cancer who have liver dysfunction. METHODS Eight patients with esophageal cancer concomitant with liver dysfunction who underwent two-stage operation were analyzed. The patients initially underwent an esophagectomy, a cervical esophagostomy and a tube jejunostomy, and reconstruction with gastric tube was performed after the recovery of patients' condition. RESULTS The average time of the 1(st) and 2(nd) stage operation was 410.0 min and 438.9 min, respectively. The average amount of blood loss in the 1(st) and 2(nd) stage operation was 433.5 ml and 1556.8 ml, respectively. The average duration between the operations was 29.8 days. The antesternal route was selected for 5 patients (62.5%) and the retrosternal route was for 3 patients (37.5%). In the 1(st) stage operation, no postoperative complications were observed, while, complications developed in 5 (62.5%) patients, including 4 anastomotic leakages, after the 2(nd) stage operation. Pneumonia was not observed through two-stage operation. No in-hospital death was experienced. CONCLUSION A two-stage operation might prevent the occurrence of critical postoperative complications for the patients with esophageal cancer concomitant with liver dysfunction.
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67
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Akiyama S, Saeki H, Nakashima Y, Iimori M, Kitao H, Oki E, Oda Y, Nakabeppu Y, Kakeji Y, Maehara Y. Prognostic impact of MutT homolog-1 expression on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 6:258-266. [PMID: 27917618 PMCID: PMC5269568 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MutT homolog‐1 (MTH1) is a pyrophosphatase that acts on oxidized nucleotides and hydrolyzes 8‐oxo‐2’‐deoxyguanosine triphosphate in deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool to prevent its incorporation into nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, result in reduce cytotoxicity in tumor cells. MTH1 is overexpressed in various cancers and is considered as a therapeutic target. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are critical risk factors for the development and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), suggesting that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of ESCC. We examined the expression of MTH1 and the accumulation of 8‐oxo‐2’‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG) in 84 patients with ESCC who underwent curative resection without neoadjuvant therapy. MTH1 mRNA level was quantified by performing quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin‐embedded cancer tissues was performed to determine MTH1 protein expression and 8‐oxo‐dG accumulation. MTH1 mRNA expression was higher in cancerous tissues than in the corresponding normal epithelium (P < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that high MTH1 expression was significantly associated with deeper tumor invasion and venous invasion, advanced cancer stage, and poor overall survival (P = 0.0021) and disease‐specific survival (P = 0.0013) compared with low MTH1 expression. Furthermore, high MTH1 expression was an independent predictor of poor disease‐specific survival (P = 0.0121). In contrast, 8‐oxo‐dG accumulation was not associated with any clinicopathological factor and poor prognosis. These results suggest that MTH1 overexpression is a predictor of ESCC progression and poor prognosis and that MTH1 can serve as a therapeutic target for treating patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Akiyama
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Nakashima
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Makoto Iimori
- Department of Molecular OncologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Department of Molecular OncologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis GroupInnovation Center for Medical Redox NavigationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional GenomicsDepartment of Immunobiology and NeuroscienceMedical Institute of BioregulationKyushu University, FukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis GroupInnovation Center for Medical Redox NavigationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Gholipour M, Islami F, Roshandel G, Khoshnia M, Badakhshan A, Moradi A, Malekzadeh R. Esophageal Cancer in Golestan Province, Iran: A Review of Genetic Susceptibility and Environmental Risk Factors. Middle East J Dig Dis 2016; 8:249-266. [PMID: 27957288 PMCID: PMC5145292 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive tumor that is typically diagnosed only when the tumor has gained remarkable size, extended to peripheral tissues, and led to dysphagia. Five-year survival of advanced cancer is still very poor (19%), even with improved surgical techniques and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Therefore, early detection and prevention are the most important strategies to reduce the burden of ESCC. Our review will focus on the studies conducted in Golestan province, an area with a high prevalence of ESCC in northern Iran. We review three aspects of the research literature on ESCC: epidemiological features, environmental factors (including substance abuse, environmental contaminants, dietary factors, and human papillomavirus [HPV]), and molecular factors (including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle regulatory proteins, and other relevant biomarkers). Epidemiological and experimental data suggest that some chemicals and lifestyle factors, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), cigarette smoking, opium use, and hot tea drinking are associated with the development of ESCC in Golestan. HPV infects the esophageal epithelium, but so far, no firm evidence of its involvement in esophageal carcinogenesis has been provided. Some of these factors, notably hot tea drinking, may render the esophageal mucosa more susceptible to injury by other carcinogens. There are few studies at molecular level on ESCC in Golestan. Increasing awareness about the known risk factors of ESCC could potentially reduce the burden of ESCC in the region. Further studies on risk factors, identifying high risk populations, and early detection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Gholipour
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farhad Islami
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abbas Badakhshan
- Health Care Management Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Moradi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li J, Wang S, Li M, Xu H, Li D, Yin C, Zhao J, Li F. Decreased risk of developing cancer in subjects carrying SLC52A3 rs13042395 polymorphism: proof from a meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2016; 10:1105-1118. [PMID: 27600099 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to explore the association between SLC52A3 rs13042395 polymorphism and cancer risk. MATERIALS & METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed to confirm the relationship evaluated using STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS Overall, SLC52A3 rs13042395 C>T polymorphism was associated with cancer risk in two genetic models (TT vs CC: odds ratio: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.80-0.93; p < 0.001, TT vs CC + CT: odds ratio: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.95; p = 0.001). Significant associations were found between SLC52A3 rs13042395 polymorphism and decreased cancer risk among esophageal cancer, Asians, female, normal BMI and old age groups. No significant associations were observed in alcohol and smoking groups. CONCLUSION SLC52A3 rs13042395 C>T polymorphism might be a potential biomarker for cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Can Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
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70
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Xu X, Mao B, Wu L, Liu L, Rui J, Chen G. A118G Polymorphism in μ-Opioid Receptor Gene and Interactions with Smoking and Drinking on Risk of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 31. [PMID: 27373278 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of A118G and its interaction with smoking and drinking on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk. METHODS A total of 960 subjects (545 males and 415 females) with a mean age of 58.1 ± 13.4 years were selected, including 490 ESCC patients and 470 normal control subjects. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between A118G and ESCC and its interaction with A118G and current smoking and drinking. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confident interval (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS The frequency for the A allele of A118G was significantly higher in ESCC cases, OR (95%CI) = 1.22 (1.08-1.59). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between the A allele in A118G and increased ESCC risk. The ESCC risk was significantly higher in carriers of the A allele of the A118G polymorphism than those with GG (AG + AA vs. GG, adjusted OR (95%CI) = 1.20 (1.05-1.53)). We found that current smokers with AG or AA of the A118G genotype have the highest ESCC risk compared with never smokers with a GG genotype; the OR (95%CI) was 2.57 (1.66-3.33). Current drinkers with AG or AA of the A118G genotype have the highest ESCC risk compared with not currently drinking subjects with the GG genotype, OR (95%CI) = 2.36 (1.47-3.25), after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION The A allele of A118G and ESCC and additional interaction between the A allele of A118G and smoking or drinking were associated with increased ESCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boneng Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingdong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juping Rui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guochang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
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71
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Multiple and synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in a young woman: An example of early and rapid carcinogenesis? REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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72
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Urvalek AM, Osei-Sarfo K, Tang XH, Zhang T, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. Identification of Ethanol and 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide Induced Epigenetic and Oxidative Stress Markers During Oral Cavity Carcinogenesis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016. [PMID: 26207766 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a cancer that is characterized by its high morbidity and mortality rates. While tobacco use and alcohol consumption are 2 major contributing factors for HNSCC carcinogenesis, how the combination of tobacco and alcohol increases HNSCC risk is not understood. METHODS We combined the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) oral carcinogenesis and Meadows-Cook alcohol mouse models to elucidate the molecular events and to identify the novel biomarkers associated with oral cancer development. RESULTS By genome-wide RNA-seq of tongue samples (3 mice per group), we identified changes in transcripts that mediate alcohol metabolism and oxidative stress (Aldh2, Aldh1a3, Adh1, Adh7, and Cyp2a5) in mice treated with 4-NQO followed by ethanol (4-NQO/EtOH) as compared to the vehicle control/untreated (V.C./Untr.) samples. We measured major, global increases in specific histone acetylation and methylation epigenetic marks (H3K27ac, H3K9/14ac, H3K27me3, and H3K9me3) in the oral cavities of V.C./EtOH, 4-NQO/Untr., and 4-NQO/EtOH treatment groups compared to the V.C./Untr. group. We detected changes in histone epigenetic marks near regulatory regions of genes involved in ethanol metabolism by chromatin immunoprecipitation. For instance, the Aldh2 promoter showed increased H3K27me3 marks, and Aldh2 mRNA levels were reduced by 10-fold in 4NQO/EtOH versus V.C./Untr. tongue samples. 4-NQO/EtOH treatment also caused increases in markers of oxidative stress, including 4-HNE, MCT4/SLC16a3, and TOM20, as measured by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS We delineate a mechanism by which 4-NQO and ethanol can regulate gene expression during the development of HNSCC and suggest that histone epigenetic marks and oxidative stress markers could be the novel biomarkers and targets for the prevention of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Urvalek
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kwame Osei-Sarfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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73
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Niyaz M, Abdurahman A, Turghun A, Awut I. CEP3 and CEP17 DNA probe potential in the genetic diagnosis and prognostic prediction of esophageal squamous cell cancer. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1375-1380. [PMID: 27073452 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical application of molecular pathological diagnosis for the prognosis of Kazakh patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using centromere enumeration probes (CEPs) for chromosomes 3 and 17. A total of 40 patients with ESCC that had received radical surgical treatment and 10 healthy control participants were enrolled in the present study. Touch preparations of fresh cancerous and normal tissues were completed and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to count the copy numbers of CEP 3 and 17, and abnormalities were analyzed, in comparison with routine pathological diagnoses. FISH analysis demonstrated that abnormal copy numbers of CEP 3 and 17 (aneuploidy) were detected in all 40 patients with ESCC. CEP 3 and 17 polyploidy rates differed significantly between poorly differentiated, moderately differentiated and well-differentiated ESCC groups (P<0.05): Well-differentiated, 35.38 and 30.92%; moderately differentiated, 55.81 and 44.43%; and poorly differentiated, 76.26 and 71.90%, respectively. Furthermore, polyploidy rates were significantly increased in the group with lymph node metastasis, as compared with the group without (CEP 3, P=0.0001; CEP 17, P=0.012). Variations in the copy numbers of CEP 3 and 17 were demonstrated to be correlated with the level of differentiation and lymph node metastasis in patients with ESCC. Therefore, the present results indicate that DNA probes may be used to predict prognostic factors in patients with ESCC. Furthermore, FISH technology is an objective and qualitative method that is capable of detecting variations in CEP 3 and 17; therefore, FISH may be used in the genetic diagnosis of ESCC in Kazakh patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiniyat Niyaz
- Xinjiang Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Ablajan Abdurahman
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Abdugheni Turghun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Idiris Awut
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Multiple and synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in a young woman: An example of early and rapid carcinogenesis? REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2016; 81:176-8. [PMID: 26949194 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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75
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Yang W, Li Y, Ning T, Cai H, Chen Z, Dong Y, Ke Y. Polymorphisms in the 5' upstream regulatory region of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and susceptibility to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22564. [PMID: 26932598 PMCID: PMC4773838 DOI: 10.1038/srep22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to scan the 5'-upstream regulatory region of the p21 gene to identify all putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to evaluate the contribution of p21 variants to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the Chinese Han population. Common SNPs were identified, and both locus-based and haplotype-based association tests were used to evaluate the potential risk of these p21 gene polymorphisms for ESCC. Immunohistochemistry assay was further performed to detect the P21 protein expression in ESCC specimens. Twenty three SNPs were identified and seven Tagging SNPs were chosen to represent all 23 SNPs. Univariate analysis indicated that the rs3829963 C and the rs2395655 G alleles increased susceptibility to ESCC (OR = 1.606 and OR = 1.572, respectively). The rs3829963 C and rs2395655 G alleles, combined with cigarette smoking, could further increase the risk for ESCC (OR = 2.657 and OR = 2.828, respectively). Additionally, the rs2395655 G allele appeared to elevate the positive rate of P21 expression in ESCC tissues, as compared to the A allele. This report demonstrates for the first time that rs3829963 and rs2395655, in the promoter of the p21 gene are potentially functional, modulating susceptibility to ESCC among the high-risk cigarette-smoking Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Genetics, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute of the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Genetics, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P. R. China.,Department of Laboratory Animal, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P. R. China
| | - Tao Ning
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Genetics, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P. R. China
| | - Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Genetics, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Radiology Department of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Ying Dong
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute of the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Genetics, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P. R. China
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Brimhall B, Adler DG. Esophageal stents for the treatment of malignant dysphagia in patients with esophageal cancer. Hosp Pract (1995) 2016; 38:94-102. [PMID: 20890057 DOI: 10.3810/hp.2010.06.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are the current standard for relief of malignant esophageal dysphagia. Self-expanding plastic stents (SEPS) are also used for relief of malignant esophageal dysphagia and as neoadjuvant therapy due to their relative ease of removability. The innovations in design of both SEMS and SEPS have made their use more prevalent in patients with malignant dysphagia. We review the current literature on esophageal stents, including general concepts, indications, contraindications, SEMS and SEPS models, complications and their management, implications of tumor location, cost-effectiveness of stents in comparison with other modalities, and quality of life after stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Brimhall
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Li R, Zhao Z, Sun M, Luo J, Xiao Y. ALDH2 gene polymorphism in different types of cancers and its clinical significance. Life Sci 2016; 147:59-66. [PMID: 26804999 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), an important mitochondrial enzyme governing ethanol metabolism, displays polymorphism in human. Recent evidence suggested that genetic polymorphism in ALDH2 gene may be significantly correlated with the susceptibility to cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, and liver cancer. To investigate the correlation between ALDH2 mutant gene and the risk of a certain cancer, many studies have been done by testing the ALDH2 genotype in patients with cancers. Here, we summarized 84 ALDH2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in human cancer, which focus primarily on the rs671 SNP site. As a novel biological marker, ALDH2 displays a very attractive prospect in the screening, diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of many diseases. Moreover, much attention has been attracted to the studies of the biological functions and potential value of ALDH2 in the human cancer treatment. This review will provide an overview about the clinical prospects of ALDH2 based on the available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Radiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachi Luo
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yechen Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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SHIBATA T, YAMASHITA H, KAWAMURA T, JODAI Y, OMORI T, SUMI K, ICHIKAWA Y, OKUBO M, ISHIZUKA T, TAHARA T, NAGASAKA M, NAKAGAWA Y, HIRATA I, OHMIYA N, NAKAO M. <b>The effect of consuming small volumes of beer on gastric motility and the involvement of gene </b><b>polymorphisms </b>. Biomed Res 2016; 37:305-310. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.37.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasutaka JODAI
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | - Takafumi OMORI
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | - Kazuya SUMI
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | | | - Masaaki OKUBO
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | | | | | | | | | - Ichiro HIRATA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | - Naoki OHMIYA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
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79
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Efficacy of Staged Treatment Strategy for Patients with Synchronous Double Cancers of the Esophagus and Head and Neck: A Retrospective Study. World J Surg 2015; 40:388-94. [PMID: 26470701 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchronous occurrence of esophageal and head and neck (H&N) cancers is frequently observed. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 109 patients with synchronous double cancers of the esophagus and H&N treated between 2005 and 2011. Fifty-one patients underwent synchronous treatment and 58 underwent staged treatment. We measured the delay in treatment for the second cancer in the staged treatment group and evaluated how many patients experienced progression of the second cancer during the first cancer treatment. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed in 100 patients who underwent potentially curative treatment. RESULTS Synchronous treatment strategy was frequently selected for patients with both advanced cancers (77 %) compared with those who had early cancers in either or both organs (43 %) (P = 0.02). The median delay in the treatment for the second cancer was 80 days; 77.5 days in the H&N-first group and 96 days in the esophagus-first group. Only one patient experienced stage progression during the waiting period. There was no significant difference in OS between the synchronous treatment group and the staged treatment group (P = 0.73), and no significant difference in OS among patients who had advanced cancer in the H&N, esophagus, or both. CONCLUSIONS Prognosis of patients with synchronous cancers depends on that of the more advanced cancer, and waiting for treatment of early cancers may not influence survival. The staged treatment strategy is acceptable when either of the double cancers is at an early stage.
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80
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Zou N, Yang L, Chen L, Li T, Jin T, Peng H, Zhang S, Wang D, Li R, Liu C, Jiang J, Wang L, Liang W, Hu J, Li S, Wu C, Cui X, Chen Y, Li F. Heterozygote of TAP1 Codon637 decreases susceptibility to HPV infection but increases susceptibility to esophageal cancer among the Kazakh populations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015. [PMID: 26205887 PMCID: PMC4514451 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) may be involved in the development of esophageal cancer (EC) and the polymorphic immune response gene transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) may be involved in HPV persistence and subsequent cancer carcinogenesis. The current study aims to provide association evidence for HPV with EC, to investigate TAP1 polymorphisms in EC and assess its association with HPV statuses and EC in Kazakhs. Methods The HPV genotypes in 361 patients with EC and 66 controls selected from Kazakh population were evaluated using PCR. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to detect two SNPs of TAP1 in 150 cases comprised of 75 HPV+ and 75 HPV- patients and 283 pure ethnic population of Kazakh and evaluate their associations with susceptibility to EC. A case-to-case comparison based on the genotyping results was conducted to address the function of TAP1 variants in the involvement of HPV. Results The presence of four HPV genotypes in EC tissues ― including HPV 16, 18, 31, 45 ― was significantly higher at 64.6 % than those in controls at 18.2 % (P < 0.001). Such presence was strongly associated with increased risk of EC (OR 8.196; 95 % CI 4.280–15.964). The infection of HPV16, and multi-infection of 16 and 18 significantly increase the risk for developing EC (OR 4.616, 95 % CI 2.099–10.151; and OR 6.029, 95 % CI 1.395–26.057 respectively). Heterozygote of TAP1 D637G had a significantly higher risk for developing EC (OR 1.626; 95 % CI 1.080–2.449). The odds ratio for HPV infection was significantly lower among carriers of TAP1 D637G polymorphism (OR 0.281; 95 % CI 0.144–0.551). Conclusions HPV infection exhibits a strong positive association with the risk of EC in Kazakhs. Heterozygote of TAP1 D637G decreases susceptibility to HPV infection in patients with EC but increases susceptibility to EC among the Kazakh populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Zou
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Tingting Jin
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Shumao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Ranran Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Jinfang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Lianghai Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Weihua Liang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. .,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Xiaobin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. .,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. .,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. .,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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He FC, Meng WW, Qu YH, Zhou MX, He J, Lv P, Ming L. Expression of circulating microRNA-20a and let-7a in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4660-4665. [PMID: 25914476 PMCID: PMC4402314 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i15.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expressions of microRNA-20a (miR-20a) and let-7a in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their diagnostic value.
METHODS: Seventy patients with ESCC and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled to investigate the expression of miR-20a and let-7a using quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of miR-20a and let-7a was compared between ESCC patients and healthy subjects. The plasma levels of miR-20a and let-7a in relation to patient clinicopathologic parameters, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the sensitivity and specificity of miR-20a and let-7a in ESCC diagnosis were analyzed.
RESULTS: Plasma levels of miR-20a were significantly higher in ESCC patients than in healthy controls, and plasma levels of let-7 were lower in ESCC patients than in healthy controls (both P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of miR-20a was 0.767 (95%CI: 0.677-0.857; P < 0.001), when the cut-off value was set at 4.77, the sensitivity and specificity were 64.3% and 75.0%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of let-7a was 0.829 (95%CI: 0.754-0.904; P < 0.001), when the cut-off value was set at 6.22, the sensitivity and specificity were 74.3% and 85.0%, respectively. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of let-7a were higher than those of miR-20a. The median relative plasma expression of let-7a in clinical stage III/IV (0.24) was lower than that in stage I/II (0.42), while the expression of miR-20a according to stage was not statistically different. The expressions of miR-20a and let-7a were not related to gender, age, tumor diameter, tumor grade, or pathologic stage.
CONCLUSION: Plasma miR-20a and let-7a levels are significantly altered in patients with ESCC and can be used as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of ESCC.
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Chen J, Kwong DL, Cao T, Hu Q, Zhang L, Ming X, Chen J, Fu L, Guan X. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): advance in genomics and molecular genetics. Dis Esophagus 2015; 28:84-9. [PMID: 23796192 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is aggressive and has poor prognosis. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is histologically the most prevalent type of esophageal cancer and ranked as the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In recent years, cancer has been widely regarded as genetic disease, as well as epigenetic abnormalities including DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, chromatin remodeling, gene imprinting and noncoding RNA regulation. In this review, we will provide a general overview of genes, proteins and microRNAs that are involved in the development of ESCC, which aims to enhance our understanding of molecular mechanisms implicated in ESCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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83
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Kim DH, Gong EJ, Jung HY, Lim H, Ahn JY, Choi KS, Lee JH, Choi KD, Song HJ, Lee GH, Kim JH, Roh JL, Choi SH, Nam SY, Kim SY, Baek S. Clinical significance of intensive endoscopic screening for synchronous esophageal neoplasm in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1486-92. [PMID: 25372595 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.832369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often develop second primary tumors in the upper aerodigestive tract. Early detection of synchronous esophageal squamous cell neoplasm (ESCN) is important because the prognosis of HNSCC can be affected by the statuses of second primary tumors. METHODS In a prospective study, 308 patients with HNSCC were screened for synchronous ESCN between May 2010 and April 2012. All patients underwent conventional white-light endoscopic examination with Lugol chromoendoscopy and narrow band image. RESULTS The median age was 61 years (range, 26-87 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 4.2:1. Two hundred and thirty-four patients (76.0%) were current or ex-smokers, 207 patients (67.2%) had a history of alcohol consumption and 56 patients (18.2%) had previous history of cancer. Synchronous ESCN was detected in 22 patients (7.1%), and most patients were at an early stage. The locations of index HNSCC in these patients were as follows: hypopharynx (n = 12), larynx (n = 6), oropharynx (n = 2) and oral cavity (n = 2). Synchronous ESCN was detected in 25.5% (12/47) of hypopharyngeal cancer and in 27.8% (15/54) of HNSCC involving the pyriform sinus. Multivariate analysis showed that smoking (current smoker vs. never smoker, Odds Ratio [OR] 8.3, p = 0.028), a history of cancer (OR 5.0, p = 0.002) and pyriform sinus involvement (OR 9.2, p < 0.0001) increased the risk of developing synchronous ESCN. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HNSCC, especially those who are current smokers, have a history of cancer and have pyriform sinus involvement, should undergo intensive endoscopic screening to detect synchronous ESCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hoon Kim
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea
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84
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Abstract
Diseases and death caused by exposure to tobacco smoke have become the single most serious preventable public health concern. Thus, biomarkers that can monitor tobacco exposure and health effects can play a critical role in tobacco product regulation and public health policy. Biomarkers of exposure to tobacco toxicants are well established and have been used in population studies to establish public policy regarding exposure to second-hand smoke, an example being the nicotine metabolite cotinine, which can be measured in urine. Biomarkers of biological response to tobacco smoking range from those indicative of inflammation to mRNA and microRNA patterns related to tobacco use and/or disease state. Biomarkers identifying individuals with an increased risk for a pathological response to tobacco have also been described. The challenge for any novel technology or biomarker is its translation to clinical and/or regulatory application, a process that requires first technical validation of the assay and then careful consideration of the context the biomarker assay may be used in the regulatory setting. Nonetheless, the current efforts to investigate new biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure promise to offer powerful new tools in addressing the health hazards of tobacco product use. This review will examine such biomarkers, albeit with a focus on those related to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael S Orr
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Richter
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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85
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Kasagi Y, Morita M, Otsu H, Kawano H, Ando K, Hiyoshi Y, Ito S, Miyamoto Y, Saeki H, Oki E, Maehara Y. Clinicopathological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients younger than 50 years. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 22:311-5. [PMID: 24962939 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study clarifies age differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and risk factor exposure of patients who have undergone esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS Clinical results of esophagectomy were compared between 22 patients younger than 50 years of age (Group I) and 327 patients older than 50 years of age (Group II) with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS The two groups did not significantly differ in clinicopathological characteristics, including prognosis. Postoperative pulmonary complication incidence rates were 4.2 % (Group I) and 14.4 % (Group II). In Group I, the incidence of multiple ECs was 36.4 %, and association with head and neck cancer was 31.8 %, which were significantly higher than in Group II (13.4 %, p = 0.021; and 9.2 %, p = 0.015, respectively). Furthermore, the patients in Group I with multiple cancers were almost all heavy smokers and/or users of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that multiple upper aerodigestive tract cancers are associated with heavy exposure to risk factors in patients younger than 50 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kasagi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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86
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Kawano H, Saeki H, Kitao H, Tsuda Y, Otsu H, Ando K, Ito S, Egashira A, Oki E, Morita M, Oda Y, Maehara Y. Chromosomal instability associated with global DNA hypomethylation is associated with the initiation and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S696-702. [PMID: 24898425 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global DNA hypomethylation is associated with increased chromosomal instability and plays an important role in tumorigenesis. The methylation status of the long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) element is a useful surrogate marker for global DNA methylation. Although LINE-1 hypomethylation is recognized as a poor prognostic marker, the correlation of LINE-1 methylation level with tumor suppressor gene mutation, chromosomal instability, and clinical significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. METHODS Using resected tumor tissues and the corresponding normal esophageal mucosa from 105 patients with ESCC, bisulfite pyrosequencing analysis was performed to quantify the LINE-1 methylation levels. p53 mutations in exons two to ten were detected by polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing. Chromosomal instability was assessed by single nucleotide polymorphism array comparative genomic hybridization analysis. RESULTS The LINE-1 methylation level of ESCC was significantly lower than matched normal mucosa. LINE-1 methylation levels of normal mucosa from the esophagus had a significant inverse correlation with both cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption of the study subjects. LINE-1 hypomethylation of ESCC was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, the frequency of p53 mutation and poor survivability. The LINE-1 methylation levels in ESCC had a significant inverse association with the percentage of copy number alterations in the whole genome, mirroring chromosomal instability. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that whole genome hypomethylation caused by chronic inflammation could initiate carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cells through chromosomal instability. In addition, chromosomal instability associated with the global hypomethylation might correlate highly with the progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawano
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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87
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Kubo N, Morita M, Nakashima Y, Kitao H, Egashira A, Saeki H, Oki E, Kakeji Y, Oda Y, Maehara Y. Oxidative DNA damage in human esophageal cancer: clinicopathological analysis of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and its repair enzyme. Dis Esophagus 2014; 27:285-93. [PMID: 23902537 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both internal and external oxidative stresses act on DNA and can induce carcinogenesis. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is an indicator of oxidative stress and it leads to transversion mutations and carcinogenesis. 8-OHdG is excision-repaired by 8-OHdG DNA glycosylase (OGG1). The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of oxidative DNA damage and repair enzymes on esophageal carcinogenesis. The levels of 8-OHdG and OGG1 were immunohistochemically evaluated in resected specimens, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 97 patients with esophageal cancer. Higher levels of 8-OHdG in normal esophageal epithelium were associated with a higher smoking index (P = 0.0464). The 8-OHdG level was higher in cancerous areas than in normal epithelia (P = 0.0061), whereas OGG1 expression was weaker in cancerous areas than in normal epithelia (P < 0.0001). An increase of OGG1 expression in normal epithelium was observed as 8-OHdG levels increased (P = 0.0011). However, this correlation was not observed in cancerous areas. High OGG1 expression in the cytoplasm was related to deeper tumors (P = 0.0023), node metastasis (P = 0.0065) and stage (P = 0.0019). Oxidative DNA damage, which is attributable to smoking as well as disturbances in DNA repair systems, appears to be closely related to esophageal carcinogenesis and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kubo
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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88
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Variations in the MHC region confer risk to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma on the subjects from high-incidence area in northern China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90438. [PMID: 24595008 PMCID: PMC3942432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most important region in vertebrate genome, and is crucial in innate immunity. Recent studies have demonstrated the possible role of polymorphisms in the MHC region to high risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) has indicated that the MHC region may confer important risk loci for ESCC, but without further fine mapping. The aim of this study is to further identify the risk loci in the MHC region for ESCC in Chinese population. Methods Conditional logistic regression analysis (CLRA) was performed on 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC region, which were obtained from the genetically matched 937 cases and 692 controls of Chinese Han population. The identified promising SNPs were further correlated with clinical and clinicopathology characteristics. Immunohistochemistry was performed to explore the protein expression pattern of the related genes in ESCC and neighboring normal tissues. Results Of the 24 promising SNPs analyzed, we identified three independent SNPs in the MHC region associated with ESCC: rs35399661 (P = 6.07E-06, OR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.36–2.17), rs3763338 (P = 1.62E-05, OR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.50–0.78) and rs2844695 (P = 7.60E-05, OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.64–0.86). These three SNPs were located at the genes of HLA-DQA1, TRIM27, and DPCR1, respectively. Further analyses showed that rs2844695 was preferentially associated with younger ESCC cases (P = 0.009). The positive immunostaining rates both for HLA-DQA1 and TRIM27 were much higher in ESCC tissues than in neighboring normal tissues (69.4% vs. 26.8% for HLA-DQA1 and 77.6% vs. 47.8% for TRIM27, P<0.001). Furthermore, the overexpression of HLA-DQA1 is correlated significantly with age (P = 0.001) and family history (P<0.001). Conclusion This study for the first time provides evidence that multiple genetic factors within the MHC region confer risk to ESCC on the subjects from high-risk area in northern China.
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89
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Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1-34. [PMID: 24382882 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through metabolism and to which we are exposed from the environment has been elucidated. Although the human genome has 19 ALDH genes, one ALDH emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies. This ALDH, ALDH2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism. Less known is a new body of research to be discussed in this review, suggesting that ALDH2 dysfunction may contribute to a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction is also associated with Fanconi anemia, pain, osteoporosis, and the process of aging. Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies. These data together with studies in animal models and the use of new pharmacological tools that activate ALDH2 depict a new picture related to ALDH2 as a critical health-promoting enzyme.
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90
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Zhang L, Jiang Y, Wu Q, Li Q, Chen D, Xu L, Zhang C, Zhang M, Ye L. Gene–environment interactions on the risk of esophageal cancer among Asian populations with the G48A polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase-2 gene: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4705-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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91
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Morita M, Saeki H, Ito S, Ikeda K, Yamashita N, Ando K, Hiyoshi Y, Ida S, Tokunaga E, Uchiyama H, Oki E, Ikeda T, Yoshida S, Nakashima T, Maehara Y. Technical improvement of total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy for esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:1671-7. [PMID: 24390709 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy (PLE) is highly invasive, and the subsequent reconstruction is difficult. The purpose of this study was to clarify the techniques that can decrease the surgical stress and allow for safe reconstruction after this operation. METHODS The surgical method and clinical outcomes of total PLE were reviewed in 12 patients with either cervicothoracic esophageal cancer or double cancer of the esophagus and pharynx. Microscopic venous anastomosis was principally performed, and arterial anastomosis was added, if needed. RESULTS A narrow gastric tube was used in ten patients, including two patients who underwent free jejunal interposition, while the colon was used as the main reconstructed organ in two other patients. Staged operations were performed in three high-risk patients. All six patients treated after 2010 were able to undergo thoracoscopic and/or laparoscopic surgery. No critical postoperative complications developed, although minor anastomotic leakage developed in two patients who were successfully treated conservatively. CONCLUSION When performing PLE, it is important to decrease the surgical stress and ensure a reliable reconstruction by adopting techniques that are appropriate for each case, such as thoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery, staged operations, microvascular anastomosis, and muscular flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Morita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,
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92
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Ida S, Morita M, Hiyoshi Y, Ikeda K, Ando K, Kimura Y, Saeki H, Oki E, Kusumoto T, Yoshida S, Nakashima T, Watanabe M, Baba H, Maehara Y. Surgical Resection of Hypopharynx and Cervical Esophageal Cancer with a History of Esophagectomy for Thoracic Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:1175-81. [PMID: 24380922 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ida
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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93
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Prabhu A, Obi KO, Rubenstein JH. Systematic review with meta-analysis: race-specific effects of alcohol and tobacco on the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:1145-55. [PMID: 24079938 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with alcohol use, tobacco use and African or Asian descent. However, little is known about how racial background modifies the effects of alcohol or tobacco. AIM To investigate how racial and geographical background modifies the effect of alcohol and tobacco on OSCC via a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. METHODS We performed a literature search in multiple online databases regardless of language. Eligible studies were population-based assessments of the effect of tobacco and/or alcohol on the risk of OSCC allowing stratification by race. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate summary effects using random effect models. RESULTS Systematic review identified 9668 unique citations of which 34 were eligible. The majority were of high quality. The effect of current smoking vs. never-smoking was weaker among Asians than among Europeans [European: odds ratio (OR) = 4.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.13, 5.66; Asian: OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.78, 2.99], with the 95% CIs not crossing, indicating statistical significance. Asians also trended towards weaker effects of long-duration cigarette use and of heavy daily cigarette use. There was no difference in the effect of alcohol on OSCC risk by race. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, a weaker effect of tobacco for OSCC was observed among Asians than among Europeans. Differences in other factors must explain the higher incidence of OSCC among Asians. More studies are needed to understand the cause of the disparate incidence of OSCC between races.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prabhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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94
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Association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6035-42. [PMID: 24065535 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme is a member of the CYP superfamily of enzymes. CYP1A1 A2455G and T3801C are two most commonly studied polymorphisms loci. Previous studies have reported that CYP1A1 polymorphisms increase esophageal cancer (EC) risk. However, the results remain controversial and ambiguous. To further investigate the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms (A2455G and T3801C) and EC risk. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and EC risk. A total of 13 articles (A2455G and T3801C: 2 papers, A2455G: 8 papers, T3801C: 3 papers) from the PubMed containing information on the CYP1A1 polymorphisms and EC were included in this meta-analysis, with summational sample size of 1,881 EC cases and 3,786 controls. Stratified analysis was performed to evaluate the ethnicity (Caucasians and Asian) and histopathology type (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma) effect. No obvious publication bias in the two polymorphisms was observed. Our meta-analysis revealed a significant association between the A2455G polymorphism and EC (OR = 1.55 per A allele, 95 % CI 1.29-1.85, P < 0.001). Stratification analysis by ethnicity and histopathology type showed significant association in the population of Asian origin (OR = 1.55, 95 % CI 1.28-1.89, P < 0.001) and in histopathology type of ESCC (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI 1.19-1.65, P < 0.001). We didn't observe the significant association between CYP1A1 T3801C polymorphism and EC. We observed a difference of allele frequencies between Caucasian and Asian population in the meta-analysis. The allele frequencies in our meta-analysis were consistent with the allele frequencies in 1000 Genome Project. Our meta-analysis demonstrated distinct evidence that CYP1A1 A2455G polymorphism was associated with the risk of EC.
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95
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p53 immunohistochemical expression and patient prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2013; 30:728. [PMID: 24026664 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that overexpression of p53 protein is associated with poor prognosis in gastric, lung, and other types of cancer. However, the prognostic significance of p53 aberrations in esophageal cancer remains unclear. This is the largest study (n = 266) examining clinical and prognostic features of p53 immunohistochemical expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In 139 (52%) esophageal tumors, nuclear immunoreactivity for p53 protein was detected. p53 aberrant expression was not associated with sex, age, preoperative treatment, TNM stage, or histological grade. Furthermore, p53 expression did not correlate with disease-free survival (P = 0.73) or overall survival (P = 0.62). In addition, no significant modification effect by any of the covariates in the survival analysis was observed (all P > 0.15). In conclusion, our large-scale study demonstrates that p53 expression has no impact on the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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96
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Surgical strategies for esophageal cancer associated with head and neck cancer. Surg Today 2013; 44:1603-10. [PMID: 23989943 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is frequently associated with squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck. Both cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are risk factors for multiple cancers of the head and neck, as well as the esophagus. Routine screening and close follow-up for second cancers are important in patients with esophageal cancer or head and neck cancer. For this purpose, endoscopy with Lugol's staining, as well as narrow-band imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy, is a powerful tool for the early detection of esophageal cancer. Multimodal therapy is essential for patients with double cancers. When considering surgical treatment, the curability of both cancers must be carefully evaluated. If both tumors are potentially curable, each lesion should be treated individually. In patients with metachronous double cancers, the prior treatment of the first primary carcinoma often affects the treatment of the second cancer. Close cooperation among medical staff members is essential for complicated surgeries for double cancers. Techniques that are appropriate for each case must be adopted, such as careful dissection, staged operations, muscular flaps and microvascular anastomosis.
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97
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Schoppmann SF, Alidzanovic L, Schultheis A, Perkmann T, Brostjan C, Birner P. Thrombocytes Correlate with Lymphangiogenesis in Human Esophageal Cancer and Mediate Growth of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells In Vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66941. [PMID: 23840559 PMCID: PMC3694157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data provide evidence for an important role of thrombocytes in lymphangiogenesis within human malignant disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of thrombocytes in lymphangiogenesis in human esophageal cancer. Perioperative peripheral blood platelet counts (PBPC) were evaluated retrospectively in 320 patients with esophageal cancer, comprising 184 adenocarcinomas (AC), and 136 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Data on lymphangiogenesis evaluated by anti-podoplanin immunostaining were available from previous studies, platelets within the tumor tissue were assessed by CD61 immunostaining. For in vitro studies, human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were isolated and co-cultured with peripheral blood platelets. Stromal thrombocytic clusters (STC) were evident in 82 samples (25.6%), and vascular thrombocytic clusters (VTC) in 56 (17.5%). STC and VTC were associated with a significantly higher PBPC at investigation of all cases. The presence of STC was associated with higher lymphatic microvessel density (p<0.001), PBPC and STC were associated with lymphovascular invasion of tumor cells in a regression model. The presence of STCs was associated with shorter DFS of all patients (p = 0.036, Breslow test), and VTC with shorter DFS in in SCC (p = 0.025, Breslow test). In cell culture, LEC proliferation was enhanced by co-culture with human platelets in a dose- and time-dependent manner mediated by the release of PDGF-BB and VEGF-C. Platelets play an important role in lymphangiogenesis and lymphovascular invasion in esophageal cancer, influencing prognosis. So the disruption of signaling pathways between platelets, tumor cells and lymphatic endothelium might be of benefit for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F. Schoppmann
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gastroesophageal Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lejla Alidzanovic
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Schultheis
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Rudolfsstiftung, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Birner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gastroesophageal Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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98
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Osei-Sarfo K, Tang XH, Urvalek AM, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. The molecular features of tongue epithelium treated with the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and alcohol as a model for HNSCC. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2673-81. [PMID: 23784083 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer affecting humans worldwide. To determine the potential mechanisms by which chronic tobacco and alcohol abuse lead to HNSCC of the oral cavity, we have used both the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) murine oral carcinogenesis and the Meadows-Cook alcohol models. In this study, we treated mice with 4-NQO in drinking water for 10 weeks and then administered 20% (w:v) ethanol (EtOH) for another 10 weeks. We observed increased levels and/or activation of signaling proteins [p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), β-catenin and Erk 1/2] that are typically altered during HNSCC initiation in humans. We found that EtOH administration alone increased the expression of p38 MAPK but not Erk 1/2 MAPK. Total β-catenin levels in the tongues increased by 2- to 3-fold after 4-NQO treatment, with or without EtOH. However, EtOH combined with 4-NQO reduced phosphorylated β-catenin levels, whereas 4-NQO treatment alone did not. These data implicate EtOH as a regulator of β-catenin signaling in this HNSCC model. We also utilized K14-CreER(TAM); ROSA26 mice to mark permanently stem/progenitor cells in the tongue epithelia. We found that 4-NQO alone and 4-NQO plus EtOH treatment resulted in massive, horizontal expansion of stem/progenitor cell populations arising from single stem cells in the basal layer of the epithelia. This expansion is consistent with carcinogen-associated, symmetric division of stem/progenitor cells. Our data suggest that specific therapeutic targets for prevention of HNSCC of the oral cavity associated with both alcohol and tobacco use are p38 MAPK and β-catenin.
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Xie X, Zhang SS, Wen J, Yang H, Luo KJ, Yang F, Hu Y, Fu JH. Protein kinase D1 mRNA level may predict cancer-specific survival in heavy smokers with esophageal squamous cell cancers. Dis Esophagus 2013; 27:188-95. [PMID: 23621299 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) is a kinase that regulates various pathways, which involve in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell adhesion and invasion. Although PRKD1 expression has been observed in many cancers, its role in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) has not been well reported. As its dysregulation in cancers is organ specific, we sought to investigate the potential role of PRKD1 in the progression of ESCC. Samples were collected from 178 patients with completely resected ESCCs at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, including 47 pairs of tumorous and non-tumorous tissues. PRKD1 mRNA expression was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to search for a feasible cut-off point of PRKD1 mRNA levels for predicting cancer-specific survival. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of PRKD1 mRNA level in ESCC patients. In result, upregulation of PRKD1 mRNA was detected in 55.3% (26/47) of ESCC tissues compared with paired non-tumorous ones (P = 0.011). ROC analysis indicated 3.28 as a cut-off point, and thus 72 and 106 tumors with low and high PRKD1 mRNA expression were categorized. High-PRKD1 mRNA expression in tumors appeared with more frequency in heavy smokers (P = 0.002) and patients with advanced pathological T category (P = 0.034). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with low-PRKD1 mRNA had a longer cancer-specific survival than the ones with high-PRKD1 level (P = 0.044). Multivariate analysis showed that tumorous PRKD1 mRNA expression was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 1.538, 95% confidence interval: 1.018-2.323, P = 0.041) in resected ESCC. Subgroup analysis revealed that the discernibility of PRKD1 mRNA level on ESCC outcomes was only pronounced in heavy smokers (P = 0.002), but not in non-heavy smokers (P = 0.870). PRKD1 might play a potential oncogenic role in ESCC. It might be an independent biomarker to predict prognosis in heavy smokers with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
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Chang J, Huang Y, Wei L, Ma B, Miao X, Li Y, Hu Z, Yu D, Jia W, Liu Y, Tan W, He Z, Ke Y, Wu T, Shen H, Zeng Y, Wu C, Lin D. Risk prediction of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma with common genetic variants and lifestyle factors in Chinese population. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1782-6. [PMID: 23536576 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with risk of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Chinese populations. We examined whether these genetic factors, along with non-genetic factors, can contribute to ESCC risk prediction. We examined 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 4 non-genetic factors (sex, age, smoking and drinking) associated with ESCC risk in 9805 cases and 10 493 controls from Chinese populations. Weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was calculated and logistic regression was used to analyze the association between wGRS and ESCC risk. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to measure the discrimination after adding genetic variants to the model with only non-genetic factors. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) was used to quantify the degree of correct reclassification using different models. wGRS of the combined 17 SNPs with significant marginal effect (G SNPs) increased ~4-fold ESCC risk (P = 1.49 × 10(-) (164)) and the associations were significant in both drinkers and non-drinkers. However, wGRS of the eight SNPs with significant effect in gene × drinking interaction (GE SNPs) increased ~4-fold ESCC risk only in drinkers (P interaction = 8.76 × 10(-) (41)). The AUC for a risk model with 4 non-genetic factors, 17 G SNPs, 8 GE SNPs and their interactions with drinking was 70.1%, with the significant improvement of 7.0% compared with the model with only non-genetic factors (P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that incorporating genetic variants, lifestyle factors and their interactions in ESCC risk models can be useful for identifying patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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