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Morgan JT, Robbins AK, Mateson AB, Sawamoto K, Tomatsu S, Gray DR, Gleghorn JP, Barthold JS. Regional Variation in Androgen Receptor Expression and Biomechanical Properties May Contribute to Cryptorchidism Susceptibility in the LE/orl Rat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:738. [PMID: 30568634 PMCID: PMC6290328 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The process of testicular descent requires androgen and insulin-like 3, hormones secreted by fetal Leydig cells. Knowledge concerning distinct and common functions of these hormones in regulating development of the fetal gubernaculum remains limited and/or conflicting. The current studies were designed to better define characteristics of androgen receptor (AR) expression, function and regulation, as well as the biomechanical properties of normal and cryptorchid gubernaculum during fetal development. Methods: We studied fetal gubernacula from Long Evans outbred (LE/wt) rats and an inbred (LE/orl) strain with an inherited form of cryptorchidism associated with an AR signaling defect. Gubernacular cells or whole organs obtained from LE/wt and LE/orl fetal gubernacula underwent AR immunostaining and quantitative image analysis. The effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on AR expression, muscle fiber morphology, hyaluronan (HA) levels and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were measured in LE/wt gubernacula. Finally, the spatial mechanics of freshly harvested LE/wt and LE/orl fetal gubernacula were compared using micropipette aspiration. Results: AR is expressed in the nucleus of mesenchymal core, tip and cord cells of the embryonic (E) day 17 and 21 fetal gubernaculum, and is enhanced by DHT in primary cultures of gubernacular mesenchymal cells. Enhanced AR expression at the tip was observed in LE/wt but not LE/orl gubernacula. In in vitro studies of whole mount fetal gubernaculum, DHT did not alter muscle fiber morphology, HA content or GAG production. Progressive swelling with reduced cellular density of the LE/wt gubernaculum at E19-21 was associated with increased central stiffness in LE/wt but not in LE/orl fetuses. Conclusions: These data confirm nuclear AR expression in gubernacular mesenchyme with distal enhancement at the tip/cord region in LE/wt but not LE/orl rat fetuses. DHT enhanced cellular AR expression but had no major effects on muscle morphology or matrix composition in the rat fetal gubernaculum in vitro. Regional increased stiffness and decreased cell density between E19 and E21 were observed in LE/wt but not LE/orl fetal gubernacula. Developmental differences in cell-specific AR expression in LE/orl fetal gubernacula may contribute to the dysmorphism and aberrant function that underlies cryptorchidism susceptibility in this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Joshua T. Morgan
| | - Alan K. Robbins
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Division of Urology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Abigail B. Mateson
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Division of Urology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Department of Orthopedics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Dione R. Gray
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Division of Urology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Julia Spencer Barthold
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Division of Urology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
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52
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Yassaee VR, Hashemi-Gorji F, Miryounesi M, Rezayi A, Ravesh Z, Yassaee F, Salehpour S. Clinical, biochemical and molecular features of Iranian families with mucopolysaccharidosis: A case series. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 474:88-95. [PMID: 28844463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to ascertain the genetic variants which contribute to the most common types of MPS in eleven Iranian families. Clinical and biochemical features were obtained during initial examination and patients were further investigated for genetic defects in the MPS genes. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from all family members after obtaining written informed consent. Based on the patient's clinical diagnosis, three different genetic tests including Sanger sequencing of four genes (IDUA, IDS, SGSH, and GALNS), targeted panel (10 genes) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) techniques were applied to identify the causative variants. A total of 12 different mutations were identified in five genes, including nine novel mutations and three previously reported missense mutations. Sanger sequencing confirmation of the identified mutations determined one case of compound heterozygous in the NAGLU gene. In this study, novel mutations in MPS related genes were identified attempting to characterize the type and subtype of the disease using molecular approaches. Results of the study positively contribute to mutation spectrum of IDUA, IDS, SGSH, NAGLU, and GALNS genes in the Iranian cohort. It may also enrich genetic counseling for rapid risk assessment and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Reza Yassaee
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Miryounesi
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezayi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ravesh
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakhrolmolouk Yassaee
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Salehpour
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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53
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Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M. Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9473. [PMID: 28842642 PMCID: PMC5573317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a promising source of stem cells to use in early haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) approaches for several genetic diseases that can be diagnosed at birth. Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) is a progressive multi-system disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase, and patients treated with allogeneic HSCT at the onset have improved outcome, suggesting to administer such therapy as early as possible. Given that the best characterized MPS-I murine model is an immunocompetent mouse, we here developed a transplantation system based on murine UCB. With the final aim of testing the therapeutic efficacy of UCB in MPS-I mice transplanted at birth, we first defined the features of murine UCB cells and demonstrated that they are capable of multi-lineage haematopoietic repopulation of myeloablated adult mice similarly to bone marrow cells. We then assessed the effectiveness of murine UCB cells transplantation in busulfan-conditioned newborn MPS-I mice. Twenty weeks after treatment, iduronidase activity was increased in visceral organs of MPS-I animals, glycosaminoglycans storage was reduced, and skeletal phenotype was ameliorated. This study explores a potential therapy for MPS-I at a very early stage in life and represents a novel model to test UCB-based transplantation approaches for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Azario
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Alice Pievani
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Federica Del Priore
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Centro di Biostatistica per l'epidemiologia clinica, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Lucia Cardinale
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Centro di Biostatistica per l'epidemiologia clinica, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.
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54
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Millington DS. Response to Gelb et al.: "Comparison of tandem mass spectrometry to fluorimetry for newborn screening of LSDs". Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017; 12:98. [PMID: 28725567 PMCID: PMC5501886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David S Millington
- Duke University Health System, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics Division, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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55
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Kubaski F, Yabe H, Suzuki Y, Seto T, Hamazaki T, Mason RW, Xie L, Onsten TGH, Leistner-Segal S, Giugliani R, Dũng VC, Ngoc CTB, Yamaguchi S, Montaño AM, Orii KE, Fukao T, Shintaku H, Orii T, Tomatsu S. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis II. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:1795-1803. [PMID: 28673849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is limited information regarding the long-term outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II). In this study, clinical, biochemical, and radiologic findings were assessed in patients who underwent HSCT and/or enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Demographic data for 146 HSCT patients were collected from 27 new cases and 119 published cases and were compared with 51 ERT and 15 untreated cases. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in blood samples from HSCT, ERT, and untreated patients as well as age-matched controls. Long-term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were investigated in 13 treated patients (6 ERT and 7 HSCT). Mean age at HSCT was 5.5 years (range, 2 to 21.4 years) in new patients and 5.5 years (range, 10 months to 19.8 years) in published cases. None of the 27 new patients died as a direct result of the HSCT procedure. Graft-versus-host disease occurred in 8 (9%) out of 85 published cases, and 9 (8%) patients died from transplantation-associated complications. Most HSCT patients showed greater improvement in somatic features, joint movements, and activity of daily living than the ERT patients. GAG levels in blood were significantly reduced by ERT and levels were even lower after HSCT. HSCT patients showed either improvement or no progression of abnormal findings in brain MRI while abnormal findings became more extensive after ERT. HSCT seems to be more effective than ERT for MPS II in a wide range of disease manifestations and could be considered as a treatment option for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyne Kubaski
- Department of Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hiromasa Yabe
- Department of Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Seto
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Robert W Mason
- Department of Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Tor Gunnar Hugo Onsten
- Haemotherapy Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vũ Chí Dũng
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Can Thi Bich Ngoc
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Adriana M Montaño
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kenji E Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukao
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Haruo Shintaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadao Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware; Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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56
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Schielen PCJI, Kemper EA, Gelb MH. Newborn Screening for Lysosomal Storage Diseases: A Concise Review of the Literature on Screening Methods, Therapeutic Possibilities and Regional Programs. Int J Neonatal Screen 2017; 3:6. [PMID: 28730181 PMCID: PMC5515486 DOI: 10.3390/ijns3020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) is increasingly being considered as an option. The development of analytical screening methods, of second-tier methods, and of therapeutic possibilities, are paving the way for routine screening for LSDs in the coming years. Here, we give a brief description of the current status quo, what screening methods are currently available or are in the pipeline, what is the current status of therapeutic possibilities for LSDs, what LSDs are the most obvious candidates for introduction in screening programs, and what LSDs are already part of regional or national pilot or routine screening programs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. J. I. Schielen
- Reference Laboratory for Neonatal Screening, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-30-274-3534
| | - Evelien A. Kemper
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, IJsselland Hospital, 2906 ZC Capelle ad IJssel, The Netherlands
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WD 98195, USA
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57
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Liu Y, Yi F, Kumar AB, Kumar Chennamaneni N, Hong X, Scott CR, Gelb MH, Turecek F. Multiplex Tandem Mass Spectrometry Enzymatic Activity Assay for Newborn Screening of the Mucopolysaccharidoses and Type 2 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Clin Chem 2017; 63:1118-1126. [PMID: 28428354 PMCID: PMC5545178 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.269167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We expanded the use of tandem mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) for multiplex newborn screening of seven lysosomal enzymes in dried blood spots (DBS). The new assays are for enzymes responsible for the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS-I, -II, -IIIB, -IVA, -VI, and -VII) and type 2 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL). METHODS New substrates were prepared and characterized for tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), and lysosomal β-glucuronidase (GUSB). These assays were combined with previously developed assays to provide a multiplex LC-MS/MS assay of 7 lysosomal storage diseases. Multiple reaction monitoring of ion dissociations for enzyme products and deuterium-labeled internal standards was used to quantify the enzyme activities. RESULTS Deidentified DBS samples from 62 nonaffected newborns were analyzed to simultaneously determine (run time 2 min per DBS) the activities of TPP1, NAGLU, and GUSB, along with those for α-iduronidase (IDUA), iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S), N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS), and N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (ARSB). The activities measured in the 7-plex format showed assay response-to-blank-activity ratios (analytical ranges) of 102-909 that clearly separated healthy infants from affected children. CONCLUSIONS The new multiplex assay provides a robust comprehensive newborn screening assay for the mucopolysaccharidoses. The method has been expanded to include additional lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael H Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry,
- Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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58
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Colón C, Alvarez JV, Castaño C, Gutierrez-Solana LG, Marquez AM, O’Callaghan M, Sánchez-Valverde F, Yeste C, Couce ML. A selective screening program for the early detection of mucopolysaccharidosis: Results of the FIND project - a 2-year follow-up study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6887. [PMID: 28489793 PMCID: PMC5428627 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are underdiagnosed but they are evaluated in few newborn screening programs, probably due to the many challenges remaining, such as the identification of late-onset phenotypes. Systematic screening at the onset of clinical symptoms could help to early identify patients who may benefit from specific treatments. The aim of this prospective study was to assess a novel selective screening program, the FIND project, targeting patients aged 0 to 16 years with clinical manifestations of MPS. The project was designed to increase awareness of these diseases among pediatricians and allow early diagnosis.From July 2014 to June 2016, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels normalized to creatinine levels were determined in urine-impregnated analytical paper submitted by pediatricians who had patients with clinical signs and/or symptoms compatible with MPS. When high GAG concentrations were detected, a new liquid urine sample was requested to confirm and identify the GAG present. When a specific form of MPS was suspected, enzyme activity was analyzed using blood-impregnated paper to determine MPS type (I, IIIB, IIIC, IVA, IVB, VI, or VII). Age-specific reference values for GAG were previously established using 145 urine samples from healthy children.GAG levels were normal in 147 (81.7%) of the 180 initial samples received. A liquid sample was requested for the other 33 cases (18.3%); GAG levels were normal in 13 of these and slightly elevated in 12, although the electrophoresis study showed no evidence of MPS. Elevated levels with corresponding low enzymatic activity were confirmed in 8 cases. The mean time from onset of clinical symptoms to detection of MPS was 22 months, and just 2 cases were detected at the beginning of the project were detected with 35 and 71 months of evolution of clinical symptoms. Our screening strategy for MPS had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 85%, and a positive predictive value of 24%.The FIND project is a useful and cost-effective screening method for increasing awareness of MPS among pediatricians and enabling the detection of MPS at onset of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Colón
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, CIBERER, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela
| | - J. Victor Alvarez
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, CIBERER, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela
| | | | - Luís G. Gutierrez-Solana
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, CIBERER, Madrid
| | - Ana M. Marquez
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Materno Infantil de Badajoz
| | - María O’Callaghan
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona
| | | | - Carmen Yeste
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Costa del Sol de Marbella, Spain
| | - María-Luz Couce
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, CIBERER, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela
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59
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Kubaski F, Brusius-Facchin AC, Mason RW, Patel P, Burin MG, Michelin-Tirelli K, Kessler RG, Bender F, Leistner-Segal S, Moreno CA, Cavalcanti DP, Giugliani R, Tomatsu S. Elevation of glycosaminoglycans in the amniotic fluid of a fetus with mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:435-439. [PMID: 28207930 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in amniotic fluid (AF) from an MPS VII fetus compared with age-matched fetuses obtained from normal pregnancies. METHOD Disaccharides were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, compared to age-matched controls. Enzyme assay was performed in AF supernatant or cultured amniocytes. GUSB was analyzed by next generation sequencing using Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine with a customized panel. RESULTS No activity of β-glucuronidase was detected in fetal cells. The pregnancy was spontaneously terminated in the third trimester. Genetic studies identified a homozygous mutation of p.N379D (c.1135A > G) in the GUSB gene. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry showed that chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate levels were markedly increased in the MPS VII AF, compared to those in age-matched control AF (dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin-6-sulfate more than 10 × than age-matched controls; chondroitin-4-sulfate and keratan sulfate more than 3 times higher). CONCLUSION This is the first report of specific GAG analysis in AF from an MPS VII fetus, indicating that GAG elevation in AF occurs by 21 weeks of gestation and could be an additional tool for prenatal diagnosis of MPS VII and potentially other MPS types. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyne Kubaski
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Pravin Patel
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maira G Burin
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Bender
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program on Medical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina A Moreno
- Perinatal Genetic Program, Department of Medical Genetics, UNICAMP, Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise P Cavalcanti
- Perinatal Genetic Program, Department of Medical Genetics, UNICAMP, Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program on Medical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Stapleton M, Kubaski F, Mason RW, Yabe H, Suzuki Y, Orii KE, Orii T, Tomatsu S. Presentation and Treatments for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II; Hunter Syndrome). Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017; 5:295-307. [PMID: 29158997 PMCID: PMC5693349 DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1296761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II; Hunter syndrome) is an X- linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). IDS deficiency leads to primary accumulation of dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS). MPS II is both multi-systemic and progressive. Phenotypes are classified as either attenuated or severe (based on absence or presence of central nervous system impairment, respectively). AREAS COVERED Current treatments available are intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), anti-inflammatory treatment, and palliative care with symptomatic surgeries. Clinical trials are being conducted for intrathecal ERT and gene therapy is under pre-clinical investigation. Treatment approaches differ based on age, clinical severity, prognosis, availability and feasibility of therapy, and health insurance.This review provides a historical account of MPS II treatment as well as treatment development with insights into benefits and/or limitations of each specific treatment. EXPERT OPINION Conventional ERT and HSCT coupled with surgical intervention and palliative therapy are currently the treatment options available to MPS II patients. Intrathecal ERT and gene therapy are currently under investigation as future therapies. These investigative treatments are critical to address the limitations in treatment of the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Stapleton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Robert W. Mason
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Hiromasa Yabe
- Department of Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji E. Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tadao Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Kubaski F, Suzuki Y, Orii K, Giugliani R, Church HJ, Mason RW, Dũng VC, Ngoc CTB, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi H, Girisha KM, Fukao T, Orii T, Tomatsu S. Glycosaminoglycan levels in dried blood spots of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:247-254. [PMID: 28065440 PMCID: PMC5346460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) and mucolipidoses (ML) are groups of lysosomal storage disorders in which lysosomal hydrolases are deficient leading to accumulation of undegraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), throughout the body, subsequently resulting in progressive damage to multiple tissues and organs. Assays using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) have been established to measure GAGs in serum or plasma from MPS and ML patients, but few studies were performed to determine whether these assays are sufficiently robust to measure GAG levels in dried blood spots (DBS) of patients with MPS and ML. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we evaluated GAG levels in DBS samples from 124 MPS and ML patients (MPS I=16; MPS II=21; MPS III=40; MPS IV=32; MPS VI=10; MPS VII=1; ML=4), and compared them with 115 age-matched controls. Disaccharides were produced from polymer GAGs by digestion with chondroitinase B, heparitinase, and keratanase II. Subsequently, dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS-0S, HS-NS), and keratan sulfate (mono-sulfated KS, di-sulfated KS, and ratio of di-sulfated KS in total KS) were measured by MS/MS. RESULTS Untreated patients with MPS I, II, VI, and ML had higher levels of DS compared to control samples. Untreated patients with MPS I, II, III, VI, and ML had higher levels of HS-0S; and untreated patients with MPS II, III and VI and ML had higher levels of HS-NS. Levels of KS were age dependent, so although levels of both mono-sulfated KS and di-sulfated KS were generally higher in patients, particularly for MPS II and MPS IV, age group numbers were not sufficient to determine significance of such changes. However, the ratio of di-sulfated KS in total KS was significantly higher in all MPS patients younger than 5years old, compared to age-matched controls. MPS I and VI patients treated with HSCT had normal levels of DS, and MPS I, VI, and VII treated with ERT or HSCT had normal levels of HS-0S and HS-NS, indicating that both treatments are effective in decreasing blood GAG levels. CONCLUSION Measurement of GAG levels in DBS is useful for diagnosis and potentially for monitoring the therapeutic efficacy in MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyne Kubaski
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Kenji Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heather J Church
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Vũ Chí Dũng
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Can Thi Bich Ngoc
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | | | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, India
| | - Toshiyuki Fukao
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tadao Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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