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Jiang J, Liu H, Ni W, Zhang M, Gu F, Pei J, Wang Y, Tian Y. Variable Control and Its Influence Before Urine Sample Analysis in a Field Environment. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:146-156. [PMID: 37590468 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of the study was to store urine samples at different temperatures and humidity levels and analyze common biochemical test results and point-of-care testing (POCT) indicators according to different storage times and evaluate whether the samples should be centrifuged to study the best storage conditions for urine samples. Methods: Random midstream urine samples (100 mL) were collected from 10 healthy individuals. A portion of the samples was centrifuged. The remaining samples were not centrifuged and were stored under different temperature and humidity conditions for different periods. We measured urine indicators ([Na+], [K+], [Cl-], gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], urea, and creatinine [Cr]) at 2, 4, 24, and 72 hours and 7 and 55 days, and we used POCT to measure myoglobin (Mb) and microalbumin (mAlb) concentrations. Results: Centrifugation of urine samples decreased the measured GGT and increased the measured Mb. In urine samples stored at 4°C and room temperature, electrolyte concentrations were scarcely affected by storage time. After storage at 50°C for 24 hours, the measured [Na+] and [Cl-] levels changed. Metabolites (urea and Cr) underwent no obvious change across temperatures. GGT did not change during long-term storage at 4°C. The mAlb level changed significantly only after storage at 4°C. When stored at 4°C, Mb changed little within 4 hours. Under humid conditions, [Na+] and [Cl-] increased significantly after 24 hours, and urea decreased significantly after 7 days of storage. Under dry storage conditions, urinary Cr and GGT decreased, and under humid conditions, these concentrations increased. At high humidity, mAlb increased significantly after 72 hours. Conclusions: Electrolyte and amino acid metabolite concentrations were less affected by storage time at 4°C and room temperature than at other temperatures. Some proteins are sensitive to environmental changes; samples collected for quantification of these proteins can be stored briefly at 4°C after centrifugation. Normal humidity conditions meet most physiological testing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxuan Liu
- Beijing Jinghua Anliang Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Ni
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Technical Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Birth Defects, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Gu
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Pei
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Technical Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Birth Defects, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Frickmann H, Schwinge K, Podbielski A, Warnke P. Preanalytical, Analytical and Postanalytical Analyses on Corynebacterium spp. and Actinomycetaceae in Urine Samples of Patients with Suspected Urinary Tract Infection-A Hypothesis-Forming Observational Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:746. [PMID: 38611658 PMCID: PMC11011480 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A hypothesis-forming exploratory cross-sectional assessment was conducted to assess the occurrence and relevance of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria like Corynebacterium spp. and Actinomycetaceae in human urine samples. In total, 1170 urine samples from 1031 inpatients with suspected urinary tract infection were assessed for culture-based growth of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria applying API Coryne assays, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and in-house 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, 502 different bacterial colonies from 346 urine samples taken from 324 inpatients were observed. The three quantitatively most abundant genera or genus clusters were Corynebacterium (254 isolates, 62%), Actinomyces/Winkia (79 isolates, 19%), and Actinotignum/Actinobaculum (29 isolates, 7%). Compared to sequencing, the diagnostic accuracy of all assessed competitor assays from the diagnostic routine was <80% for differentiation on the genus level and <30% for differentiation on the species level. Prolongated incubation for 4 days compared to 2 days resulted in additional detection of 15% of the totally recorded Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. An approximately 5-fold increased detection rate in mid-stream urine compared to urine acquired applying alternative sampling strategies was observed. In conclusion, in the rare event of the suspected clinical relevance of such findings, confirmatory testing with invasively sampled urine should be considered due to the high contamination rate observed in mid-stream urine. Confirmatory testing by DNA-sequencing methods should be considered if an exact identification of genus or species is regarded as relevant for the individual choice of the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20239 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwinge
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Podbielski
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Philipp Warnke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.S.); (A.P.)
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Ambe LA, Limunga E, Mbah CE, Adela N, Eric N, Ngoe M, Sone B, Lochnit G, Tachu JB, Wanji S, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Kamena F. Identification and Characterization of Onchocerca volvulus Heat Shock Protein 70 ( OvHSP70) as Novel Diagnostic Marker of Onchocerciasis in Human Urine. Pathogens 2024; 13:293. [PMID: 38668248 PMCID: PMC11053476 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite several decades of mass drug administration and elimination-related activities, human onchocerciasis still represents a major parasitic threat in endemic regions. Among the challenges encountered by the elimination program is the lack of a suitable diagnostic tool that is accurate and non-invasive. Currently used methods are either invasive or not suitable for monitoring large numbers of patients. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of Onchocerca volvulus heat shock protein 70 (OvHSP70) as a novel diagnostic biomarker for human onchocerciasis, which can directly be detected in urine samples of infected patients. This nematode-specific antigen was identified through LC-MS after differential SDS-PAGE using urine-derived protein extracts from O. volvulus-infected patients in Cameroon. Polyclonal antibodies generated in rabbits after cloning and expression of OvHSP70 in Escherichia coli reliably differentiated between urine samples from infected- and uninfected patients in a hypoendemic area of human onchocerciasis. These results provide an excellent basis for further development of a non-invasive and scalable diagnostic assay for human onchocerciasis using urine samples. Such a urine-based diagnostic assay will be of major importance for the elimination program of human onchcerciasis in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lum Abienwi Ambe
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon; (C.E.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Elisabeth Limunga
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Clarisse Engowei Mbah
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon; (C.E.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Ngwewondo Adela
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon; (C.E.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Ndumu Eric
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Martha Ngoe
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Bertrand Sone
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Günter Lochnit
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Julius Babila Tachu
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon;
- Research Foundation in Tropical Disease and Environment (REFOTDE), Buea P.O. Box 474, Cameroon
| | - Anja Taubert
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Faustin Kamena
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
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Supianto M, Yoo DK, Hwang H, Oh HB, Jhung SH, Lee HJ. Linker-Preserved Iron Metal-Organic Framework-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Sensitive Transglutaminase 2 Detection in Urine Through Machine Learning-Assisted Colorimetric Analysis. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1321-1330. [PMID: 38471126 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A groundbreaking demonstration of the utilization of the metal-organic framework MIL-101(Fe) as an exceptionally perceptive visual label in colorimetric lateral flow assays (LFA) is described. This pioneering approach enables the precise identification of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), a recognized biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD), in urine specimens, which offers a remarkably sensitive naked-eye detection mechanism. The surface of MIL-101(Fe) was modified with oxalyl chloride, adipoyl chloride, and poly(acrylic) acid (PAA); these not only improved the labeling material stability in a complex matrix but also achieved a systematic control in the detection limit of the TGM2 concentration using our LFA platform. The advanced LFA with the MIL-101(Fe)-PAA label can detect TGM2 concentrations down to 0.012, 0.009, and 0.010 nM in Tris-HCl buffer, urine, and desalted urine, respectively, which are approximately 55-fold lower than those for a conventional AuNP-based LFAs. Aside from rapid TGM2 detection (i.e., within 20 min), the performance of the MIL-101(Fe)-PAA-based LFA on reproducibility [coefficients of variation (CV) < 2.9%] and recovery (95.9-103.2%) along with storage stability within 25 days of observation (CV < 6.0%) shows an acceptable parameter range for quantitative analysis. A sophisticated sensing method grounded in machine learning principles was also developed, specifically aimed at precisely deducing the TGM2 concentration by analyzing immunoreaction sites. More importantly, our developed LFA offers potential for clinical measurement of TGM2 concentration in normal human urine and CKD patients' samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulya Supianto
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hagyeong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Jhung
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
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Wei W, Wu D, Zhang Z, Liu J, Deng J, Zhang X, Ding D. Comparison of DNA methylation and cytology tests in urine to detect upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A paired-design diagnostic study. Am J Clin Pathol 2024; 161:115-121. [PMID: 37793040 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a DNA methylation test, compare that test with cytology alone, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) alone, and cytology plus FISH, and explore reasons that may influence the accuracy of liquid biopsy. METHODS We included 37 patients and 12 negative control individuals between April 2019 and May 2022. All patients had undergone radical nephroureterectomy, nephrectomy, diagnostic ureteroscopy, or tissue biopsy. Urine samples were collected for DNA methylation testing, cytology, and FISH. Test performance was calculated, and receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn for comparison. RESULTS Median patient age was 66 years, and κ = 0.576 (P < .001) for the DNA methylation test and tissue pathology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the DNA methylation test were 76%, 100%, 100%, and 74%, respectively, compared with 31%, 100%, 100%, and 50%, respectively, for cytology. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of cytology plus FISH were 66%, 100%, 100%, and 67%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the DNA methylation test was 0.879 (P < .001), and the AUC of cytology plus FISH was 0.828 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The test performance of DNA methylation was satisfactory. The DNA methylation test for the detection of upper tract urothelial carcinoma demonstrated better sensitivity than did cytology alone or cytology with FISH, but the accuracy of the combined tests was still acceptable. Further prospective studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the clinical value of this promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhishu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Degang Ding
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Lin J, Li S, Ye B, Zheng W, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang D, Wu Z, Dong WF, Zan M. A time-resolved fluorescence microsphere-lateral flow immunochromatographic strip for quantitative detection of Pregnanediol-3-glucuronide in urine samples. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1308725. [PMID: 38169725 PMCID: PMC10758493 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1308725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG), as the main metabolite of progesterone in urine, plays a significant role in the prediction of ovulation, threatened abortion, and menstrual cycle maintenance. Methods: To achieve a rapid and sensitive assay, we have designed a competitive model-based time-resolved fluorescence microsphere-lateral flow immunochromatography (TRFM-LFIA) strip. Results: The optimized TRFM-LFIA strip exhibited a wonderful response to PdG over the range of 30-2,000 ng/mL, the corresponding limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as low as 8.39 ng/mL. More importantly, the TRFM-LFIA strip was innovatively used for the quantitative detection of PdG in urine sample, and excellent recovery results were also obtained, ranging from 97.39% to 112.64%. Discussion: The TRFMLFIA strip possessed robust sensitivity and selectivity in the determination of PdG, indicating the great potential of being powerful tools in the biomedical and diagnosis region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Henan Province Joint International Laboratory for Bioconjugation and Antibody Coupling, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Benchen Ye
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongke Technology Achievement Transfer and Transformation Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weigang Zheng
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongke Technology Achievement Transfer and Transformation Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongke Technology Achievement Transfer and Transformation Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zaihui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghui Zan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongke Technology Achievement Transfer and Transformation Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Obetta KC, Ogbonna IO, Oyigbo DN, Ugwu OO, Ugwu KO, Onah BN, Ugwunnadi CM, Acha JO, Chuke NU, Nkemjika O, Okoye OE. Prevalence of trichomoniasis infection among adults in Nigerian community settings. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34585. [PMID: 37713889 PMCID: PMC10508445 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a sexually transmitted pathogen. The study was conducted to determine its prevalence among 300 adult patients in 4 public health facilities in the Nsukka District of Enugu State, Nigeria. METHOD The researchers collected high vagina swabs and urine samples were collected from 150 men and 150 women, respectively. The specimens were scrutinized for color, odor of discharge and urine, and motile trichomoniasis. RESULTS The prevalence of the TV was 45.0% (135/300) with women showing the highest prevalence (63.7%). Among the patients attending the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Medical Center, the prevalence was the highest at 31.9%. TV infection was more common among older adults aged 38 to 47 years (39.3%), married adults (76.3%), and those with secondary education (68.9%). Urogenital analysis reported that males with pains during urination were 51.0% and males with penile tingling were 12.2%. The highest vaginal Hydrogen ion concentration level of 6.8 was observed in women aged 38 to 47 years. Additionally, the results reported that Vaginal candidiasis, Bacterial vaginosis, and Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies were not independently associated with TV infection. In the unadjusted analysis, the odds of TV infection were higher in men (8.1), while Chlamydia trachomatis infection was higher in women (8.8). Among the adults diagnosed with herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies, the odds of TV infection were 3.9 for both men and women. Men with penile human papillomavirus infection had lower odds of TV infection (1.9), while women with vaginal human papillomavirus infection had higher odds of TV infection (2.2). CONCLUSION The prevalence of TV infection is high among sexually active adults in the Nigerian community. It is therefore crucial to implement the increased public health actions such as regular and early diagnosis to reduce its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Chukwuemeka Obetta
- Community Development Unit of the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | - Dorida Nneka Oyigbo
- Community Development Unit of the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Oliver Onyemaechi Ugwu
- Community Development Unit of the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | - Beatrice N. Onah
- Community Development Unit of the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinasa Maryrose Ugwunnadi
- Community Development Unit of the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O. Acha
- Community Development Unit of the Department of Continuing Education and Development Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Uzoamaka Chuke
- Community Development Unit of the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ogechi Nkemjika
- Administration Unit of the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Onyinyechi Elizabeth Okoye
- Community Development Unit of the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Qronfla MM, Jamoussi B, Chakroun R, Al-Mur BA, Halawani RF, Aloufi FA. Synthesis of a New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Optimisation of Phenylglyoxylic Acid Extraction from Human Urine Samples Using a Central Composite Design within the Response Surface Methodology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3279. [PMID: 37571173 PMCID: PMC10422317 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Styrene, a chemical widely used in various industries, undergoes metabolic breakdown in the human body, resulting in the production of phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA). A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesised for selective extraction and enrichment of PGA in urine samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography. The MIP employed in this research was a 4-vinylpyridine molecularly imprinted polymer (4-VPMIP) prepared via mass polymerisation using a noncovalent method. The structural and morphological characteristics of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The efficiency of the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) process was optimised by investigating critical variables such as sample pH, sorbent mass, sample flow rate, and volume of the elution solvent. A central composite design (CCD) within the response surface methodology was utilised to develop separate models for the adsorption and desorption steps. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the excellent fit of the experimental data to the proposed response models. Under the optimised conditions, the molecularly imprinted polymers exhibited a higher degree of selectivity and affinity for PGA, with a relative selectivity coefficient (α) of 2.79 against hippuric acid. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for PGA were determined to be 0.5 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L, respectively. The recoveries of PGA ranged from 97.32% to 99.06%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 4.6%. Furthermore, MIP(4VP)SPE demonstrated the potential for recycling up to three times without significant loss in analyte recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bassem Jamoussi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.Q.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (R.F.H.); (F.A.A.)
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Qronfla MM, Jamoussi B, Chakroun R. Synthesis and Characterization of a New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Extraction of Mandelic Acid Metabolite from Human Urine as a Biomarker of Environmental and Occupational Exposures to Styrene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102398. [PMID: 37242973 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Vinylpyridine molecularly imprinted polymer (4-VPMIP) microparticles for mandelic acid (MA) metabolite as a major biomarker of exposure to styrene (S) were synthesized by bulk polymerization with a noncovalent approach. A common mole ratio of 1:4:20 (i.e., metabolite template: functional monomer: cross-linking agent, respectively) was applied to allow the selective solid-phase extraction of MA in a urine sample followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). In this research, the 4-VPMIP components were carefully selected: MA was used as a template (T), 4-Vinylpyridine (4-VP) as a functional monomer (FM), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker (XL), and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator (I) and acetonitrile (ACN) as a porogenic solvent. Non-imprinted polymer (NIP) which serves as a "control" was also synthesized simultaneously under the same condition without the addition of MA molecules. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the imprinted and nonimprinted polymer to explain the structural and morphological characteristics of the 4-VPMIP and surface NIP. The results obtained from SEM depicted that the polymers were irregularly shaped microparticles. Moreover, MIPs surfaces had cavities and were rougher than NIP. In addition, all particle sizes were less than 40 µm in diameter. The IR spectra of 4-VPMIPs before washing MA were a little different from NIP, while 4-VPMIP after elution had a spectrum that was almost identical to the NIP spectrum. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, competitive adsorption, and reusability of 4-VPMIP were investigated. 4-VPMIP showed good recognition selectivity as well as enrichment and separation abilities for MA in the extract of human urine with satisfactory recoveries. The results obtained in this research imply that 4-VPMIP might be used as a sorbent for MA solid-phase extraction (MISPE), for the exclusive extraction of MA in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad M Qronfla
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Jamoussi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhouane Chakroun
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Maliszewska O, Roszkowska A, Lipiński M, Treder N, Olędzka I, Kowalski P, Bączek T, Bień E, Krawczyk MA, Plenis A. Profiling Docetaxel in Plasma and Urine Samples from a Pediatric Cancer Patient Using Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with LC-MS/MS. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041255. [PMID: 37111740 PMCID: PMC10143245 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been applied in docetaxel (DOC)-based anticancer therapy to precisely control various pharmacokinetic parameters, including the concentration of DOC in biofluids (e.g., plasma or urine), its clearance, and its area under the curve (AUC). The ability to determine these values and to monitor DOC levels in biological samples depends on the availability of precise and accurate analytical methods that both enable fast and sensitive analysis and can be implemented in routine clinical practice. This paper presents a new method for isolating DOC from plasma and urine samples based on the coupling of microextraction and advanced liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In the proposed method, biological samples are prepared via ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) using ethanol (EtOH) and chloroform (Chl) as the desorption and extraction solvents, respectively. The proposed protocol was fully validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) requirements. The developed method was then applied to monitor the DOC profile in plasma and urine samples collected from a pediatric patient suffering from cardiac angiosarcoma (AS) with metastasis to lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes, who was receiving treatment with DOC at a dose of 30 mg/m2 body surface area. Due to the rarity of this disease, TDM was carried out to determine the exact levels of DOC at particular time points to ascertain which levels were conducive to maximizing the treatment's effectiveness while minimizing the drug's toxicity. To this end, the concentration-time profiles of DOC in the plasma and urine samples were determined, and the levels of DOC at specific time intervals up to 3 days after administration were measured. The results showed that DOC was present at higher concentrations in the plasma than in the urine samples, which is due to the fact that this drug is primarily metabolized in the liver and then eliminated with the bile. The obtained data provided information about the pharmacokinetic profile of DOC in pediatric patients with cardiac AS, which enabled the dose to be adjusted to achieve the optimal therapeutic regimen. The findings of this work demonstrate that the optimized method can be applied for the routine monitoring of DOC levels in plasma and urine samples as a part of pharmacotherapy in oncological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Maliszewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Lipiński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Treder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ilona Olędzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bień
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Anna Krawczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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Ghani M, Jafari Z, Maleki B, Chamani M. Magnetic solid-phase extraction of warfarin and gemfibrozil in biological samples using polydopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles via core-shell nanostructure. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200745. [PMID: 36333922 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, polydopamine-coated Fe3 O4 spheres were synthesized using a very simple, easy, cost-effective, efficient, and fast method. First, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 ) were synthesized and were followed by accommodating polydopamine on the surface of the prepared Fe3 O4 . The prepared polydopamine-coated Fe3 O4 spheres were utilized as a sorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction of gemfibrozil and warfarin (as the model analytes). The extracted model analytes were desorbed by a suitable organic solvent and were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Under optimized condition, the linearity of the method was in the range of 0.1-200.0 μg/L for the selected analytes in water. The limits of detection were calculated to be in the range of 0.026-0.055 μg/L for warfarin and gemfibrozil, respectively. The limits of quantification were calculated to be in the range of 0.089-0.185 μg/L. The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were determined to be in the range of 1.4%-3.3% in three concentrations in order to calculate the method precision. Furthermore, the enrichment factors were found to be 78 and 81 for warfarin and gemfibrozil, respectively. Moreover, the calculated absolute recoveries were between 78% and 81%. The obtained recoveries indicated that the method was useful and applicable in complicated real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ghani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Behrooz Maleki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Maryam Chamani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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Siddalingappa H, Goud BN, Hanumantharaya R, Rudresh HB, Arulprakasam D, Marumadu G, Hirehanamantagoudar B. Performance Evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program in Chikmagalur District: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Survey. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:591-595. [PMID: 36742979 PMCID: PMC9891034 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_407_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Routine evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs) is done through a national program called National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program (NIDDCP). The aim of this study is to determine the goiter prevalence, to estimate salt Iodine and urinary Iodine levels. Materials and Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2700 school children across seven taluks of Chikmagalur. A total of 2700 children aged 6 to 12 years were selected from 30 clusters by multistage sampling method. The iodometric titration method and Sandell-Kolthoff method were used for the estimation of salt and urinary Iodine, respectively. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used. Results The prevalence of goiter was 13.0%. About 153 (28.3%) salt samples had inadequate iodine content (<15 ppm). Median Urinary Iodine Excretion was 126 μg/L. Conclusion Chikmagalur district is still at risk of a significant public health problem which needs timely interventions and appropriate measures to prevent further consequences due to IDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugara Siddalingappa
- Department of Community Medicine, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - B Nagaraja Goud
- Department of Community Medicine, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghunath Hanumantharaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - Harish Bekkalale Rudresh
- Department of Community Medicine, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Arulprakasam
- Department of Community Medicine, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish Marumadu
- Department of Community Medicine, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India
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Parwez A, Singh S, Kumar R, Kumari R, Kumar V, Prakash V, Ali M. Determination and evaluation of HR-HPV genotype in different communities of Bihar, India. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022; 16:40-48. [PMID: 36101850 PMCID: PMC9441651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated uteri cervix carcinoma continues to be the 2nd highest cause of death among women in India. This study aims to identify the mode of HPV transmission in different communities such as Hindu, Muslim, Christian and Banjaran women of Bihar, India. Different patterns of life and cultural variations exist among Muslims, Hindus, Christians, and Banjarans. For example, Muslim wash their genital parts after urination and maintain genital hygiene, whereas Banjaran tribes, Christians, and Hindu communities do not maintain hygiene. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection among healthy women. We access to genuine reason for the cause of HPV transmission in women. METHODS Ethical clearance was obtained from MCS and RC Patna, India. A total 154 urine samples have been used for the detection of HR-HPV through a real-time PCR technique. The DNA extraction was done from collected non-invasive urine samples. The estimation and purification of DNA purity was performed by QuantiFluor® dsDNA system and detected HPV-16 and HPV-18. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of HR-HPV infection was detected to be 12.34% (19/154) whereas HPV-16 was found to be 9.9% (14/154) and HPV-18 was found to be 3.25% (5/154) in women. The lowest (2%; 1/50) prevalence of HR-HPV was observed in the Muslim community, while higher (25%, 16%, and 14.71%) prevalence was found in the Banjaran, Christian, and Hindu communities, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that personal hygiene possibly reduces HPV infection in women and the evidence suggests that male circumcision has a protective role of HPV infection in Muslim community. Therefore, personal hygiene and circumcision may reduce the risk of HPV acquisition and transmission as well as cervical cancer development in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Parwez
- Department of Biotechnology, Magadh University Bodh-Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Sunit Singh
- Department of Zoology, B.D. College, Patna, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sunit Singh, Department of Zoology, B.D. College, Patna, Bihar, India. E-mail:
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Roushan Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Magadh University Bodh-Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Magadh University Bodh-Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Vidyut Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, India
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
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Liu D, Yin H, Wang Y, Cao Y, Yin J, Zhang J, Yin H, Zhao X. Development of a highly sensitive digital PCR assay to quantify long non-coding RNA MYU in urine samples which exhibited great potential as an alternative diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3815-3825. [PMID: 34804824 PMCID: PMC8575588 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnostic methods of prostate cancer (PCa) present major drawbacks in that serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing lacks specificity for PCa and prostate needle biopsy is a painful and highly invasive procedure for patients. Thus, new alternative screening methods which are specific and non-invasive both in the early detection and in the clinical definitive diagnosis of PCa are in urgent need. Long non-coding RNA MYU has been shown to promote PCa cell proliferation and migration, and is significantly upregulated both at the cellular and tumor tissue level. Therefore, long non-coding RNA MYU may be a new potential diagnostic biomarker for PCa. Methods In the present study, we successfully developed a highly sensitive digital PCR assay to detect long non-coding RNA in clinical urine samples. dPCR was carried out using Qx200 ddPCR EvaGreen Supermix (Bio-Rad) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results Our results indicated that the digital PCR assay showed better linearity, repeatability, and reproducibility when compared with real-time quantitative PCR. In addition, we identified the normalized MYU level and used the digital PCR assay to measure it in 100 clinical urine samples. Our study showed that the normalized MYU level is a promising diagnostic biomarker for predicting and evaluating the malignancy of PCa. Conclusions Our findings presented a non-invasive liquid biopsy method to detect an alternative diagnostic parameter which can assist the diagnosis of PCa in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,JiHua Laboratory, Foshan, China
| | - Huming Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Yin
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,JiHua Laboratory, Foshan, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huancai Yin
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,JiHua Laboratory, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Lin X, Qiu T, Zhang X, Hu X, Yang Y, Zhu Y. [Determination of eight environmental phenols in human urine samples by high-throughput solid-phase extraction-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2020; 38:1456-64. [PMID: 34213261 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A method combining 96-well plate solid-phase extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (96-well SPE LC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight environmental phenols in urine samples. The samples included seven bisphenol compounds and triclosan. The urine samples were thawed to room temperature, and the target analytes were deconjugated by β -glucuronidase/aryl-sulfatase in ammonium acetate buffer solution at 37℃ overnight. Then, the effects of three kinds of 96-well solid-phase extraction plates and different elution conditions on the purification of the urine samples and the environmental phenol recoveries were compared. The best purification effect was achieved on Oasis HLB 96-well plate (60 mg) solid phase extraction, using 30% (v/v) acetonitrile aqueous solution as the rinse solution. The target analytes were then eluted by methanol solution and evaporated to dryness using a nitrogen blower. After reconstruction with 0.5 mL methanol/water (1:1, v/v) solution, the target compounds were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. To achieve better chromatographic separation, two kinds of analytical columns (C18 and T3) and different types of mobile phases (methanol and acetonitrile as the organic phase) were also compared. The best chromatographic effect was achieved when the treated samples were separated on a C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Mass spectra were recorded by negative electrospray ionization under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The sample matrix effect was also evaluated. The absolute matrix effects of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, bisphenol B, and bisphenol AF were in the range of 3.47% to 15.32%. Since the above mentioned matrix effect was weak, there was no need for compensation measures. On the contrary, tetrachlorobisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, and triclosan showed an absolute matrix effect of 49.58% (moderate), 71.99% (strong), and 86.93% (strong), thus necessitating compensation measures. Therefore, this strategy uses a one-to-one corresponding isotope internal standard method to offset the matrix effect. Six different urine samples were used to evaluate the relative matrix effect. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the eight corresponding internal standard peak areas were 3.63%-9.06%, indicating that the relative matrix effect was stable. Under the optimized conditions, linearity ranges were 0.50-50 μg/L for bisphenol A and bisphenol AF; 0.05-50 μg/L for tetrachlorobisphenol A and bisphenol S; 0.01-50 μg/L for bisphenol F and tetrabromobisphenol A; 1.00-50 μg/L for bisphenol B; and 5.00-200 μg/L for triclosan. The correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.9995. At spiked levels of 2.5, 5, and 25 μg/L, the average recovery ratios of the eight target analytes were 81.01%-118.84%, while the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 0.38%-19.41% and 2.54%-17.83%, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.002-1.09 μg/L, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.007-3.63 μg/L. This method was successfully applied to the determination of the eight environmental phenols in 64 urine samples collected from Beijing area between 2019 and 2020. All the target environmental phenols were detected, except for bisphenol B and bisphenol AF. Bisphenol A and bisphenol S showed the highest detection rates of 100% and 96.9%, respectively. The detection rates of triclosan, tetrabromobisphenol A, tetrachlorobisphenol A, and bisphenol F were 57.8%, 46.9%, 23.4%, and 21.9%, respectively. The medium values of urinary concentration followed the order 1.44 μg/L(triclosan), 0.69 μg/L(bisphenol A), 0.086 μg/L (bisphenol S), 0.0032 μg/L (tetrabromobisphenol A), 0.00050 μg/L (tetrachlorobisphenol A), 0.00 μg/L (bisphenol F, bisphenol B, and bisphenol AF). The aforementioned results imply that the widespread environmental phenolic exposure of Beijing residents is worthy of attention. Compared with traditional solid-phase extraction methods, the method reported in this paper is time-saving, effective, and suitable for the simultaneous analysis of large quantities of samples; moreover, the small sample and organic solvent consumption make this method more environment- and operator-friendly.
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Kure S, Iida S, Yamada M, Takei H, Yamashita N, Sato Y, Miyashita M. Breast Cancer Detection from a Urine Sample by Dog Sniffing: A Preliminary Study for the Development of a New Screening Device, and a Literature Review. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10060517. [PMID: 34200793 PMCID: PMC8230505 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that dogs can sniff and detect cancer in the breath or urine sample of a patient. This study aims to assess whether the urine sample can be used for breast cancer screening by its fingerprints of volatile organic compounds using a single trained sniffer dog. This is a preliminary study for developing the "electronic nose" for cancer screening. METHODS A nine-year-old female Labrador Retriever was trained to identify cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. Urine samples from patients histologically diagnosed with primary breast cancer, those with non-breast malignant diseases, and healthy volunteers were obtained, and a double-blind test was performed. Total of 40 patients with breast cancer, 142 patients with non-breast malignant diseases, and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and their urine samples were collected. RESULTS In 40 times out of 40 runs of a double-blind test, the trained dog could correctly identify urine samples of breast cancer patients. Sensitivity and specificity of this breast cancer detection method using dog sniffing were both 100%. CONCLUSIONS The trained dog in this study could accurately detect breast cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. These results indicate the feasibility of a method to detect breast cancer from urine samples using dog sniffing in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Although the methodological standardization is still an issue to be discussed, the current result warrants further study for developing a new breast cancer screening method based on volatile organic compounds in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kure
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3822-2131; Fax: +81-3-5814-6274
| | - Shinya Iida
- Department of Breast Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba 270-1694, Japan;
| | - Marina Yamada
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan;
| | - Naoyuki Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Jizankai Medical Foundation Tsuboi Cancer Center Hospital, Fukushima 963-0197, Japan;
| | - Yuji Sato
- St. Sugar Canine Cancer Detection Training Center, Chiba 294-0226, Japan;
| | - Masao Miyashita
- Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan;
- Twin Peaks Laboratory of Medicine (TPLM), Yamagata 999-4331, Japan
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Dubuis ME, Duchaine C. Aerosol Production During Blood and Urine Pre-analytical Processing and Handling in a Hospital Biochemistry Clinical Laboratory During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:643724. [PMID: 33968882 PMCID: PMC8097034 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.643724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created a troublesome issue for employees in biochemistry clinical laboratories due to fears of aerosol generation during sample treatment. This study was designed to assess aerosol production during the pre-analytical procedures for blood and urine samples using a model bacterium. Air sampling and surface swabbing were conducted during four typical procedures. Bacteria were not recovered in any air or surface samples. Other studies have reported low and undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood and urine samples, respectively. Therefore, the occupational risk for employees appears to be low in terms of aerosol exposure from processing SARS-CoV-2 patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Dubuis
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Laake I, Feiring B, Jonassen CM, Pettersson JHO, Frengen TG, Kirkeleite IØ, Trogstad L. Concurrent infection with multiple human papillomavirus types among unvaccinated and vaccinated 17-year-old Norwegian girls. J Infect Dis 2020; 226:625-633. [PMID: 33205203 PMCID: PMC9441200 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infection influences the risk of acquiring infections with other HPV types is unclear. We studied concurrent HPV infections in 17-year-old girls from 2 birth cohorts; the first vaccine-eligible cohort in Norway and a prevaccination cohort. Methods Urine samples were collected and tested for 37 HPV genotypes. This study was restricted to unvaccinated girls from the prevaccination cohort (n = 5245) and vaccinated girls from the vaccine-eligible cohort (n = 4904). Risk of HPV infection was modelled using mixed-effect logistic regression. Expected frequencies of concurrent infection with each pairwise combination of the vaccine types and high-risk types (6/11/16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59) were compared to observed frequencies. Results Infection with multiple HPV types was more common among unvaccinated girls than vaccinated girls (9.2% vs 3.7%). HPV33 and HPV51 was the only HPV pair that was detected together more often than expected among both unvaccinated (P = .002) and vaccinated girls (P < .001). No HPV pairs were observed significantly less often than expected. Conclusions HPV33 and HPV51 tended to be involved in coinfection among both unvaccinated and vaccinated girls. The introduction of HPV vaccination does not seem to have had an effect on the tendency of specific HPV types to cluster together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Laake
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Feiring
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - John H-O Pettersson
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Torstein Gjølgali Frengen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lill Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Wu Q, Song Q, Wang X, Yao L, Xu J, Lu J, Liu G, Chen W. Simultaneous Detection of Multiple β-Adrenergic Agonists with 2-Directional Lateral Flow Strip Platform. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:653-657. [PMID: 31656246 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Clenbuterol (CL), salbutamol (SAL) and ractopamine (RAC) are the three common β-adrenergic agonists, which are the main hazards in food safety and affect human health through the food chain. A convenient and efficient method is urgently required to perform on-site detection of multiple β-adrenergic agonists to avoid frequent poisoning incidents. In this paper, a 2-directional lateral flow strip technique (2-directional LFS) is developed for rapid and simultaneous detection of CL, SAL and RAC with single sampling. Compared to the conventional lateral flow strip, this 2-directional LFS technique can realize simultaneous detection of three or more target analytes without any change of intrinsic simplicity of LFS. Furthermore, this 2-directional LFS can effectively avoid the potential intrinsic cross-reactivity among the reagents to analogues. Under the optimized conditions, CL, SAL and RAC were all successfully determined with satisfactory results in both buffer and urine samples with the detection limit as low as 0.5 ng/mL. This 2-directional LFS technique can revolutionize the commercial single-analyte LFS products and can effectively widen the applications of the classic LFS in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, MOE, School of Food Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Qing Song
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, MOE, School of Food Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, MOE, School of Food Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Li Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, MOE, School of Food Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, MOE, School of Food Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, MOE, School of Food Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Research Center for Biomedical and Health Science, School of Life and Health, Anhui Science & Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, MOE, School of Food Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
- Research Center for Biomedical and Health Science, School of Life and Health, Anhui Science & Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de recherche pour le développement, Microbes Evolution Phylogenie Et Infections.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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21
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Borowczyk K, Olejarz P, Chwatko G. Application of simultaneous separation and derivatization for the determination of α-lipoic acid in urine samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4576. [PMID: 31069825 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To help to clarify therapeutic functions of lipoic acid (LA) in biochemical and clinical practice we have elaborated a fast, simple and accurate HPLC method enabling determination of LA in human urine. The proposed analytical approach includes reduction of LA with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine and simultaneous separation and derivatization of the analyte with butylamine and o-phthaldialdehyde followed by spectrofluorimetric detection at λex = 340 nm and λem = 440 nm. The assay was performed using gradient elution and the mobile phase containing 0.0025 mol L-1 o-phthaldialdehyde in 0.0025 mol L-1 NaOH and acetonitrile. Linearity of the detector response for LA was observed in the range of 0.3-8 μmol L-1 . Limits of detection and quantification for LA in urine samples were 0.02 and 0.03 μmol L-1 , respectively. The total analysis time, including sample work-up, was <20 min. The analytical procedure was successfully applied to analysis of real urine samples delivered from six healthy volunteers who received a single 100 mg dose of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Borowczyk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Olejarz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chwatko
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Esfahani S, Wicaksono A, Mozdiak E, Arasaradnam RP, Covington JA. Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Diabetes by Volatile Organic Compounds in Urine Using FAIMS and Fox4000 Electronic Nose. Biosensors (Basel) 2018; 8:E121. [PMID: 30513787 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic nose (eNose) is an instrument designed to mimic the human olfactory system. Usage of eNose in medical applications is more popular than ever, due to its low costs and non-invasive nature. The eNose sniffs the gases and vapours that emanate from human waste (urine, breath, and stool) for the diagnosis of variety of diseases. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) affects 8.3% of adults in the world, with 43% being underdiagnosed, resulting in 4.9 million deaths per year. In this study, we investigated the potential of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as novel non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for diabetes. In addition, we investigated the influence of sample age on the diagnostic accuracy of urinary VOCs. We analysed 140 urine samples (73 DM2, 67 healthy) with Field-Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS); a type of eNose; and FOX 4000 (AlphaM.O.S, Toulouse, France). Urine samples were collected at UHCW NHS Trust clinics over 4 years and stored at −80 °C within two hours of collection. Four different classifiers were used for classification, specifically Sparse Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gaussian Process, and Support Vector on both FAIMS and FOX4000. Both eNoses showed their capability of diagnosing DM2 from controls and the effect of sample age on the discrimination. FAIMS samples were analysed for all samples aged 0–4 years (AUC: 88%, sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 82%) and then sub group samples aged less than a year (AUC (Area Under the Curve): 94%, Sensitivity: 92%, specificity: 100%). FOX4000 samples were analysed for all samples aged 0–4 years (AUC: 85%, sensitivity: 77%, specificity: 85%) and a sub group samples aged less than 18 months: (AUC: 94%, sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 89%). We demonstrated that FAIMS and FOX 4000 eNoses can discriminate DM2 from controls using urinary VOCs. In addition, we showed that urine sample age affects discriminative accuracy.
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23
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Qian LL, Li RX, Gao HT, Wang CM, Li L, Xu Q, Li J. Determination of Five Sex Hormones in Urine Samples for Early Evaluation of Male Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Phthalate Esters in Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10588-10597. [PMID: 30207723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, male rats were exposed to multiple phthalate esters (MIXPs) in a long-term low-dose model for the early evaluation of reproductive toxicity. An ananlysis method with better sensitivity, accuracy and precision was established to determine the five sex hormones (androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estrone) in collected urine samples. The results showed that all the analytes in the MIXPs treated group changed in a time-dependent manner. Specifically, estrone significantly decreased from the 30th day and the other four changed from the 30th day and then significantly increased on the 60th day, while no obvious changes were found in the control group. Therefore, a possible way was provided for the early evaluation of male reproductive toxicity induced by Phthalate esters (PEs) . The reliability of judgment was improved by observing the changes of five target hormones simultaneously. Furthermore, good compliance was predicted for the practical application due to the noninvasive and convenient urine sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Rui-Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Hai-Tao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Chun-Min Wang
- Suzhou Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Suzhou 215004 , China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jian Li
- Suzhou Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Suzhou 215004 , China
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24
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Ueyama J. [Human Biomonitoring as a Useful Approach to Health Risk Assessment Compared with Occupational Exposure Assessment of Insecticide Intake: Fundamental Study Focused on Local Populations and Occupational Fields]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:247-256. [PMID: 30270287 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a technique to evaluate chemical exposure level by measuring the levels of chemicals or related substances such as their metabolites or adducts in biological samples (e.g., urine or blood). Compared with exposure assessment by an approach to estimate insecticide intake from diet or the environment, HBM can provide information more specific to an individual exposure dose and can reflect the exact body burden condition at the time of measurement. If the analytical sensitivities, completeness and cost-effectiveness of the method are improved further, HBM might be widely applicable to not only research fields such as epidemiological and occupational study but also routine analysis for effective prevention of the exposure of the human body to chemical substances. In this article, we provide an overview of HBM as a determination method for insecticide exposure markers in urine and its applications, and discuss future research perspectives in the field of environmental and occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ueyama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Field of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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25
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Qamar I, Rehman S, Mehdi G, Maheshwari V, Ansari HA, Chauhan S. Utility of Cytospin and Cell block Technology in Evaluation of Body Fluids and Urine Samples: A Comparative Study. J Cytol 2018; 35:79-82. [PMID: 29643653 PMCID: PMC5885608 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_240_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytologic examination of body fluids commonly involves the use of direct or sediment smears, cytocentrifuge preparations, membrane filter preparations, or cell block sections. Cytospin and cell block techniques are extremely useful in improving cell yield of thin serous effusions and urine samples, and ensure high diagnostic efficacy. Materials and Methods: We studied cytospin preparations and cell block sections prepared from 180 samples of body fluids and urine samples to compare the relative efficiency of cell retrieval, preservation of cell morphology, ease of application of special stains, and diagnostic efficacy. Samples were collected and processed to prepare cytospin smears and cell block sections. Results: We observed that overall, cell yield and preservation of individual cell morphology were better in cytospin preparations as compared to cell blocks, while preservation of architectural pattern was better in cell block sections. The number of suspicious cases also decreased on cell block sections, with increased detection of malignancy. It was difficult to prepare cell blocks from urine samples due to low cellularity. Conclusions: Cytospin technology is a quick, efficient, and cost-effective method of increasing cell yield in hypocellular samples, with better preservation of cell morphology. Cell blocks are better prepared from high cellularity fluids; however, tissue architecture is better studied, with improved rate of diagnosis and decrease in ambiguous results. Numerous sections can be prepared from a small amount of material. Special stains and immunochemical stains can be easily applied to cell blocks. It also provides a source of archival material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmeen Qamar
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suhailur Rehman
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ghazala Mehdi
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Veena Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hena A Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunanda Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Buisson C, Frelat C, Mongongu C, Martinat N, Audran M. Implementation of AICAR analysis by GC-C-IRMS for anti-doping purposes. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1704-1712. [PMID: 29032594 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside), is a naturally occurring substance which is part to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List. It is claimed to improve physical performance when administered as a supplement. As for other endogenous compounds such as steroids, the gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) analysis remains an efficient tool to differentiate endogenous substances from exogenous ones. A protocol was described in the literature for the analysis of AICAR by GC-C-IRMS. The aim of the present study was to implement this protocol in our laboratory and to propose solutions to avoid the difficulties encountered. The first point discussed in this study is the derivatization step. Due to the structure of the AICAR molecule, conventional derivatization for GC-C-IRMS such as acetylation could not be applied and silylation was preferred. The improvement of the derivatives stability was achieved thanks to several derivatization conditions tested. This adjustment led to a reproducible derivatization pattern with the 3-TMS form as major derivative product. The second point discussed in this study is the diminution of extracts' background noise. Indeed, the implementation of the published protocol was not easy due to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) problems encountered when concentrated urine was injected into our system. Also, too many interferences in the endogenous reference compound fractions were observed. The addition of both a wash step before the HPLC purification and a HPLC purification step for the endogenous reference compound (ERC) fraction allowed us to increase the robustness of the method. This study presents the modified protocol compared to the original protocol as well as the evaluation of the whole method performances. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Buisson
- Analysis Department - Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - C Frelat
- Analysis Department - Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - C Mongongu
- Analysis Department - Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - N Martinat
- Analysis Department - Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - M Audran
- Analysis Department - Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Colón C, Alvarez JV, Castaño C, Gutierrez-Solana LG, Marquez AM, O’Callaghan M, Sánchez-Valverde F, Yeste C, Couce ML. A selective screening program for the early detection of mucopolysaccharidosis: Results of the FIND project - a 2-year follow-up study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6887. [PMID: 28489793 PMCID: PMC5428627 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are underdiagnosed but they are evaluated in few newborn screening programs, probably due to the many challenges remaining, such as the identification of late-onset phenotypes. Systematic screening at the onset of clinical symptoms could help to early identify patients who may benefit from specific treatments. The aim of this prospective study was to assess a novel selective screening program, the FIND project, targeting patients aged 0 to 16 years with clinical manifestations of MPS. The project was designed to increase awareness of these diseases among pediatricians and allow early diagnosis.From July 2014 to June 2016, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels normalized to creatinine levels were determined in urine-impregnated analytical paper submitted by pediatricians who had patients with clinical signs and/or symptoms compatible with MPS. When high GAG concentrations were detected, a new liquid urine sample was requested to confirm and identify the GAG present. When a specific form of MPS was suspected, enzyme activity was analyzed using blood-impregnated paper to determine MPS type (I, IIIB, IIIC, IVA, IVB, VI, or VII). Age-specific reference values for GAG were previously established using 145 urine samples from healthy children.GAG levels were normal in 147 (81.7%) of the 180 initial samples received. A liquid sample was requested for the other 33 cases (18.3%); GAG levels were normal in 13 of these and slightly elevated in 12, although the electrophoresis study showed no evidence of MPS. Elevated levels with corresponding low enzymatic activity were confirmed in 8 cases. The mean time from onset of clinical symptoms to detection of MPS was 22 months, and just 2 cases were detected at the beginning of the project were detected with 35 and 71 months of evolution of clinical symptoms. Our screening strategy for MPS had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 85%, and a positive predictive value of 24%.The FIND project is a useful and cost-effective screening method for increasing awareness of MPS among pediatricians and enabling the detection of MPS at onset of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Colón
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, CIBERER, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela
| | - J. Victor Alvarez
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, CIBERER, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela
| | | | - Luís G. Gutierrez-Solana
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, CIBERER, Madrid
| | - Ana M. Marquez
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Materno Infantil de Badajoz
| | - María O’Callaghan
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona
| | | | - Carmen Yeste
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Costa del Sol de Marbella, Spain
| | - María-Luz Couce
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, CIBERER, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela
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28
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Liu Z, Zhang P, Tang S, He X, Zhang R, Wang X, Yuan Z, Tan J, Peng B, Liu E, Fu Z, Zou L. Urine real-time polymerase chain reaction detection for children virus pneumonia with acute human cytomegalovirus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:245. [PMID: 24884393 PMCID: PMC4024271 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen of viral pneumonia in children. The diagnosis of acute HCMV infection is complicated and difficult. METHODS Clinical and laboratory data of 6063 hospitalized children with respiratory infection and 509 with respiratory virus infection alone were retrospectively analyzed. Urine and respiratory specimens of 186 hospitalized children with pneumonia were also prospectively collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a chemiluminescent assay were used to detect HCMV DNA copy number, the pp65 gene, and HCMV IgM. RESULTS The patients with respiratory virus infection alone and those with pulmonary HCMV infection (n = 422) were mostly children aged <6 months old (82.91%, 422/509). The accuracy of urine HCMV DNA (82.32%) was higher than that of HCMV IgM (67.78%), indicating that PCR of urine samples is suitable for determining pediatric acute pulmonary HCMV infection. There was no significant difference in detecting HCMV DNA or the pp65 gene between urinary and respiratory specimens (P > 0.05) in 186 pediatric pneumonia cases. The accuracy of the pp65 gene measured in urine for determining acute pulmonary HCMV infection was the highest (93.01%). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows a novel method for investigating acute pulmonary HCMV infection in children by using real-time PCR and non-invasive samples. This study also highlights the superiority and potential use of the pp65 gene as an important target for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidai Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi Tang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinbin Wang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaojian Yuan
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Tan
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Uganda records an inadequate utilisation of antenatal care programmes. The study set out to investigate the factors associated with the use of antenatal care content to inform policy makers of the pertinent factors that need to be influenced by policy. METHOD Data for the study was taken from a nationally representative Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2006. The study employed both descriptive and community fixed effects approaches to examine the factors associated with the use of antenatal care content in Uganda. RESULTS On average, only 16% of women used the full content of antenatal care. Only 12% of women had a urine sample taken, 28% a blood sample taken, and 53% their blood pressure measured. Almost two-thirds of women (63%) took iron supplements, 77% had their weight measured, and 27% were given drugs for intestinal parasites. The utilisation of the content of care was significantly associated with education of the mother and her partner, wealth status, location disparities, timing and frequency of antenatal visits, nature of facility visited, access to media, family planning, and utilisation of professional care. CONCLUSION Efforts are needed to educate girls beyond secondary level, establish village outreach clinics with qualified staff to attract the hard to reach women in the rural areas, and facilitate antenatal care utilisation irrespective of the ability to pay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bbaale Edward
- Visiting Fellow, Centre for Global Development, Washington DC, USA
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30
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Martínez P, Lejarazu RO, Eiros JM, Benito JD, Rodríguez-Torres A. Urine samples as a possible alternative to serum for human immunodeficiency virus antibody screening. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15:810-3. [PMID: 8950559 PMCID: PMC7102089 DOI: 10.1007/bf01701524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The detection of specific antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was tested by dot blot enzyme immunoassay in 95 urine samples from 72 individuals infected with HIV and 23 seronegative individuals. Western blot of paired serum samples from these same individuals was used as the gold standard. The dot blot tested had a sensitivity of 97.2% and a specificity of 100%; only two samples from HIV-infected individuals at Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stages II and IV were non-reactive. Reactive and discrepant samples (serum/urine) were confirmed by Western blot, which had a sensitivity of 98.6% and a specificity of 100%. The most commonly observed Western blot reactivity pattern in urine samples included bands against three groups of HIV structural proteins (ENV, POL, and GAG). The results indicate that urine can be used in screening for HIV antibodies in epidemiological studies of high-prevalence populations, though it is not recommended for individualized diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martínez
- Microbiology Laboratory Service, University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
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31
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De Jong WH, De Boer EC, Van der Meijden AP, Vegt P, Steerenberg PA, Debruyne FM, Ruitenberg EJ. Presence of interleukin-2 in urine of superficial bladder cancer patients after intravesical treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1990; 31:182-6. [PMID: 2337907 PMCID: PMC11038470 DOI: 10.1007/bf01744734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/1989] [Accepted: 12/20/1989] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Urine samples were obtained from patients with superficial bladder cancer after immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The patients were repeatedly (once a week for 6 consecutive weeks) treated with intravesical administration of approximately 5 X 10(8) culturable particles of BCG. Some patients received more than six BCG instillations. The urine samples were investigated for the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in an in vitro bioassay using a murine cytotoxic T cell line (CTTL-16) that shows IL-2-dependent growth. Preliminary experiments indicated the presence of inhibitory factors in the urine. This inhibitory activity was abolished after 24 h dialysis. In a neutralization assay with both polyvalent and monoclonal anti-(human IL-2) antibody it was demonstrated that there was indeed IL-2 in the urine samples. In 8 of 11 patients the presence of IL-2 in the urine was demonstrated. The IL-2 production was directly related to the BCG administration as samples obtained just before the BCG instillation were always negative. In IL-2-positive samples a maximum level of IL-2 was observed between 2 h and 6 h after the BCG instillation. In urine samples obtained 24 h after the BCG IL-2 was not detected. In most patients the urine became positive after the third or fourth PCG instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H De Jong
- Laboratory for Pathology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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