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Liang H, Chen C, Liu T, Dong W, Li L. Quantitative detection of mpox antigen using time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38689530 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Recently, concern has been raised about the spread of human mpox virus, and the demand for rapid detection reagents for mpox virus has increased. This study aims to establish a time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography (TRFICO) method for qualitative/quantitative detection of mpox virus. A double-antibody sandwich TRFICO method was optimized and established using mpox recombinant fusion antigen and its paired monoclonal antibody. The test performance of the method was evaluated using mpox fusion antigen and control serum, including sensitivity, linearity range, specificity, precision, and reference interval. We successfully established a TRFICO method for qualitative/quantitative detection of mpox antigen, its linearity range 0-100 ng/mL, analytical sensitivity 0.017 ng/mL, and reference intervals greater than 0.045 ng/mL. No cross-reaction was detected with various poxvirus and clinical negative controls, with good specificity. All average recoveries of the intra- and inter-batch ranged from 81.33% to 97.83%, and all CVs were below 10%. Additionally, the TRFICO strips can be stably stored at 37°C for 7 days without significant changes in the fluorescence intensity. This TRFICO method, with high sensitivity, linearity range, specificity, precision, and stability with 16-min detection time, provides a new option for qualitative/quantitative and convenient testing of mpox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankun Liang
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
- Jinan Laide Bio-technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- Guangzhou Zhenda Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laiqing Li
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
- Jinan Laide Bio-technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
- Guangzhou Zhenda Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Ambe LA, Limunga E, Mbah CE, Adela N, Eric N, Ngoe M, Sone B, Lochnit G, Tachu JB, Wanji S, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Kamena F. Identification and Characterization of Onchocerca volvulus Heat Shock Protein 70 ( OvHSP70) as Novel Diagnostic Marker of Onchocerciasis in Human Urine. Pathogens 2024; 13:293. [PMID: 38668248 PMCID: PMC11053476 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite several decades of mass drug administration and elimination-related activities, human onchocerciasis still represents a major parasitic threat in endemic regions. Among the challenges encountered by the elimination program is the lack of a suitable diagnostic tool that is accurate and non-invasive. Currently used methods are either invasive or not suitable for monitoring large numbers of patients. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of Onchocerca volvulus heat shock protein 70 (OvHSP70) as a novel diagnostic biomarker for human onchocerciasis, which can directly be detected in urine samples of infected patients. This nematode-specific antigen was identified through LC-MS after differential SDS-PAGE using urine-derived protein extracts from O. volvulus-infected patients in Cameroon. Polyclonal antibodies generated in rabbits after cloning and expression of OvHSP70 in Escherichia coli reliably differentiated between urine samples from infected- and uninfected patients in a hypoendemic area of human onchocerciasis. These results provide an excellent basis for further development of a non-invasive and scalable diagnostic assay for human onchocerciasis using urine samples. Such a urine-based diagnostic assay will be of major importance for the elimination program of human onchcerciasis in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lum Abienwi Ambe
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon; (C.E.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Elisabeth Limunga
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Clarisse Engowei Mbah
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon; (C.E.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Ngwewondo Adela
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon; (C.E.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Ndumu Eric
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Martha Ngoe
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Bertrand Sone
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Günter Lochnit
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Julius Babila Tachu
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon;
- Research Foundation in Tropical Disease and Environment (REFOTDE), Buea P.O. Box 474, Cameroon
| | - Anja Taubert
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Faustin Kamena
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (E.L.); (N.E.); (M.N.); (B.S.); (J.B.T.)
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Sibbits J, Di Pietro L, Privitera A, Cardaci V, Maugeri S, Camarda M, Caruso G. 3D Bioprinting and Microfluidic-Based Devices for Cancer Detection and Drug Treatment: Focus on Prostate Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:CMC-EPUB-139055. [PMID: 38468515 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673298382240307040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The burden of increasing cancer incidence among the population, and, in particular, of prostate cancer in men living in highly developed countries, brings with it, on one hand, the need for new devices that allow a faster and earlier diagnosis, ideally in a non-invasive way and with low consumption of expensive reagents, and on the other the need for the assessment of new in vitro models that allow a more reliable assessment of cancer features, including its microenvironment and sensibility to different drugs. At the crossroads of these features, microfluidic devices are found. These, taking advantage of the chemical-physical properties of cells and human samples, have demonstrated great sensitivity and sensibility at an on-chip scale. Many fields of biomedical sciences have tried to exploit all their potentialities: from the detection of antigens in the early phases of the disease (when they are very low concentrated, but the treatment is more effective) to isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells. However, the development of in vitro 3D models to better assess and comprehend the fundamental dynamics of tumor microenvironment and metastasis using 3D bioprinting techniques. The aim of the present review is to describe the potential of these two different cutting-edge technologies for the detection and treatment of prostate cancer, in the perspective of a possible future combination of them that allows scientists to fill the gaps present in the field to improve patient care and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Sibbits
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Lucia Di Pietro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Privitera
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Maugeri
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
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Khatun M, Islam A, Baek BK. Comparative Analysis of Humoral Immune Response and Cognate Antigen Detection in Experimentally Infected Sprague Dawley Rats with Brucella abortus Biotype 1. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:27-35. [PMID: 37955673 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the IgG-specific humoral immune responses against specific antigen-like whole-cell antigen (WCA), outer membrane protein (OMP), periplasmic protein (PP), and cytoplasmic protein (CP) during the acute and subacute stages of Brucella abortus biotype 1 infection in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: The intraperitoneal method was used to experimentally infect forty-four 6- to 8-week-old SD rats with 1 × 109 colony-forming units (CFUs) of B. abortus biotype 1. Following inoculation, the rat was serially sampled for serum at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 60, 90, and 120 days. The IgG-specific immune responses and recognition of immunodominant antigens in WCA, OMP, PP, and CP of B. abortus were assessed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IELISA) and western blot (WB) assay using infected rat sera. Results: The IgG antibody response was detectable at 3 days after infection. The peak serum IgG antibody titers were recorded against CP and PP at 28 days after infection. The highest serum IgG antibody titers were recorded at 42 days after infection against WCA and 90 days after infection only against OMP. WB assay revealed a wide array of protein bands between molecular weight of 13 and 95 kDa for WCA, 13 and 95 kDa for OMP, 15 and 65 kDa for PP, and 12 and 85 kDa for CP. Proteins bands of 10, 13, 20, 24, 46, and 76 kDa for WCA; 28, 35, 39, 85, and 95 for OMP; 20, 30, 40, 43, 46, and 65 kDa for PP, and 12, 23, 68, and 85 for CP were intensely recognized. Conclusion: Data of this study indicated that WCA, CP, and PP of B. abortus could be useful for diagnosis of acute and subacute brucellosis in SD rat model. OMP of B. abortus could be useful for differential diagnosis of subacute brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minara Khatun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Byeong Kirl Baek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Ding H, Zhang W, Wang SA, Li C, Li W, Liu J, Yu F, Tao Y, Cheng S, Xie H, Chen Y. A semi-quantitative upconversion nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289682. [PMID: 38149276 PMCID: PMC10750388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented public health and economic impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been met with an equally unprecedented scientific response. Sensitive point-of-care methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens in clinical specimens are urgently required for the rapid screening of individuals with viral infection. Here, we developed an upconversion nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (UCNP-LFIA) for the high-sensitivity detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. A pair of rabbit SARS-CoV-2 N-specific monoclonal antibodies was conjugated to UCNPs, and the prepared UCNPs were then deposited into the LFIA test strips for detecting and capturing the N protein. Under the test conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of UCNP-LFIA for the N protein was 3.59 pg/mL, with a linear range of 0.01-100 ng/mL. Compared with that of the current colloidal gold-based LFIA strips, the LOD of the UCNP-LFIA-based method was increased by 100-fold. The antigen recovery rate of the developed method in the simulated pharyngeal swab samples ranged from 91.1 to 117.3%. Furthermore, compared with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the developed UCNP-LFIA method showed a sensitivity of 94.73% for 19 patients with COVID-19. Thus, the newly established platform could serve as a promising and convenient fluorescent immunological sensing approach for the efficient screening and diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-an Wang
- Department of Clinic Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Polariton Life Technologies Ltd., Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Polariton Life Technologies Ltd., Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanru Tao
- Polariton Life Technologies Ltd., Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyun Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Campos-Ruiz M, Flamarich C, Fernández-Navarro A, Roura S, Martin L, Pillado P, Cardona PJ, Fernández-Rivas G. Clinical Performance of Lateral Flow Assay for Cryptosporidium spp. Diagnosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2140. [PMID: 37626637 PMCID: PMC10452195 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite associated with gastroenteritis in humans. In 2018, Spain showed 1511 confirmed cases, with a growing trend since 2014. Despite this fact, Cryptosporidium spp. is not usually routinely examined when a parasitological study is ordered, although accurate diagnosis is fundamental to prevent the spread of the illness. The main objectives of the present work is to demonstrate the circulation and to study the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in patients who were being tested for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. parasites in the faeces in the Metropolitan North Area of Barcelona, Maresme, and Vallés Occidental using a two-step algorithm. The stool samples were analysed using the Cryptosporidium/Giardia spp. immunochromatographic test; the positive samples were visualised under a microscope using auramine staining. The proportion of Cryptosporidium spp. cases was around 2% in the studied patients, with a pronounced seasonal incidence peak in late summer-early autumn. In our cohort, weight loss was the main symptom related to confirmed cases. The mean age of confirmed patients was 19 years old, and they were younger than the unconfirmed group. Cryptosporidium spp. is one of the parasites that currently circulate in many areas in Europe. Prevalence must be taken into account for active searching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Campos-Ruiz
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Clara Flamarich
- CAP Sant Roc. Catalan Institut of Health, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Anabel Fernández-Navarro
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Roura
- North Metropolitan International Health Program (PROSICS), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08196 Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Martin
- CAP Doctor Robert Catalan Institut of Health, 08915 Badalona, Spain
| | - Pablo Pillado
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Gema Fernández-Rivas
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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Aira C, Monedero A, Hernández-Antón S, Martínez-Cano J, Camuñas A, Casado N, Nieto R, Gallardo C, García-Durán M, Rueda P, Fresco-Taboada A. Improving African Swine Fever Surveillance Using Fluorescent Rapid Tests. Pathogens 2023; 12:811. [PMID: 37375501 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease of swine with a huge impact due to its high mortality. Lately, the disease has actively spread around the world, affecting new areas from which it had been eradicated long ago. To date, ASF control is carried out by the implementation of strict biosecurity measures such as the early identification of infected animals. In this work, two fluorescent rapid tests were developed to improve the sensitivity of point-of-care diagnosis of ASF. For antigen (Ag) detection in blood, a double-antibody sandwich fluorescent lateral flow assay (LFA) was developed, employing a newly developed recombinant antibody to the VP72 of the virus. To complement the diagnosis, a double-recognition fluorescent LFA was developed using the VP72 for the detection of specific antibodies (Ab) in sera or blood. Both assays statistically improved the detection of the disease when compared to the commercial colorimetric assays INgezim® ASFV CROM Ag and INgezim® PPA CROM Anticuerpo, respectively, with higher statistical significance between 11 and 39 days post-infection. From the observation of results, it can be concluded that the combination of both Ag-LFA and Ab-LFA assays would facilitate the identification of infected animals, regardless of post-infection time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Aira
- Gold Standard Diagnostics Madrid (GSD Madrid), Calle de los Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Monedero
- Gold Standard Diagnostics Madrid (GSD Madrid), Calle de los Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Hernández-Antón
- Gold Standard Diagnostics Madrid (GSD Madrid), Calle de los Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Martínez-Cano
- Gold Standard Diagnostics Madrid (GSD Madrid), Calle de los Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Camuñas
- Gold Standard Diagnostics Madrid (GSD Madrid), Calle de los Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Casado
- European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), Carretera Algete-El Casar de Talamanca, Km. 8.1, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Nieto
- European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), Carretera Algete-El Casar de Talamanca, Km. 8.1, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmina Gallardo
- European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), Carretera Algete-El Casar de Talamanca, Km. 8.1, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marga García-Durán
- Gold Standard Diagnostics Madrid (GSD Madrid), Calle de los Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Rueda
- Gold Standard Diagnostics Madrid (GSD Madrid), Calle de los Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Fresco-Taboada
- Gold Standard Diagnostics Madrid (GSD Madrid), Calle de los Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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Eamsobhana P, Tungtrongchitr A, Wanachiwanawin D, Boonyong S, Yong HS. Rapid Single-Step Immunochromatographic Assay for Angiostrongylus cantonensis Specific Antigen Detection. Pathogens 2023; 12:762. [PMID: 37375452 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the major etiological nematode parasite causing eosinophilic meningitis and/or eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. The rapid global spread of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and the emerging occurrence of the infection have exposed the shortcomings of traditional/conventional diagnostics. This has spurred efforts to develop faster, simpler and more scalable platforms that can be decentralized for point-of-need laboratory testing. By far, the point-of-care immunoassays such as the lateral flow assay (LFA) are the best-placed. In this work, a LFA in the form of an immunochromatographic test device (designated AcAgQuickDx), based on the detection of a circulating Angiostrongylus cantonensis-derived antigen, was established using anti-31 kDa Angiostrongylus cantonensis antibody as the capture reagent and anti-Angiostrongylus cantonensis polyclonal antibody as the indicator reagent. The AcAgQuickDx was evaluated for its diagnostic potential with a total of 20 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) and 105 serum samples from patients with angiostrongyliasis and other clinically related parasitic diseases, as well as serum samples from normal healthy subjects. Three of the ten CSF samples from serologically confirmed angiostrongyliasis cases and two of the five suspected cases with negative anti-Angiostrongylus cantonensis antibodies showed a positive AcAgQuickDx reaction. Likewise, the AcAgQuickDx was able to detect Angiostrongylus cantonensis specific antigens in four serum samples of the 27 serologically confirmed angiostrongyliasis cases. No positive reaction by AcAgQuickDx was observed in any of the CSF (n = 5) and serum (n = 43) samples with other parasitic infections, or the normal healthy controls (n = 35). The AcAgQuickDx enabled the rapid detection of active/acute Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. It is easy to use, can be transported at room temperature and does not require refrigeration for long-term stability over a wide range of climate. It can supplement existing diagnostic tests for neuroangiostrongyliasis under clinical or field environments, particularly in remote and resource-poor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Darawan Wanachiwanawin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Boonyong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Parraud D, Maucotel AL, Bouscambert M, Morfin F, Bitker L, Chidiac C, De Castro N, Frobert E, Gaymard A. SARS-CoV-2 N-Antigen Quantification in Respiratory Tract, Plasma and Urine: Kinetics and Association with RT-qPCR Results. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051041. [PMID: 37243128 DOI: 10.3390/v15051041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Qualitative SARS-CoV-2 antigen assays based on immunochromatography are useful for mass diagnosis of COVID-19, even though their sensitivity is poor in comparison with RT-PCR assays. In addition, quantitative assays could improve antigenic test performance and allow testing with different specimens. Using quantitative assays, we tested 26 patients for viral RNA and N-antigen in respiratory samples, plasma and urine. This allowed us to compare the kinetics between the three compartments and to compare RNA and antigen concentrations in each. Our results showed the presence of N-antigen in respiratory (15/15, 100%), plasma (26/59, 44%) and urine (14/54, 28.9%) samples, whereas RNA was only detected in respiratory (15/15, 100%) and plasma (12/60, 20%) samples. We detected N-antigen in urine and plasma samples until the day 9 and day 13 post-inclusion, respectively. The antigen concentration was found to correlate with RNA levels in respiratory (p < 0.001) and plasma samples (p < 0.001). Finally, urinary antigen levels correlated with plasma levels (p < 0.001). Urine N-antigen detection could be part of the strategy for the late diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of COVID-19, given the ease and painlessness of sampling and the duration of antigen excretion in this biological compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Parraud
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire Associé Au Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69317 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Lise Maucotel
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire Associé Au Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69317 Lyon, France
| | - Maude Bouscambert
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Morfin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Bitker
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix Rousse, CEDEX 04, F-69317 Lyon, France
| | - Christian Chidiac
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69317 Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie De Castro
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Frobert
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Gaymard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
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10
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Yang X, Yu Q, Cheng X, Wei H, Zhang X, Rong Z, Wang C, Wang S. Introduction of Multilayered Dual-Signal Nanotags into a Colorimetric-Fluorescent Coenhanced Immunochromatographic Assay for Ultrasensitive and Flexible Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:12327-12338. [PMID: 36808937 PMCID: PMC9969889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Timely, accurate, and rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is a key factor in controlling the spread of the epidemic and guiding treatments. Herein, a flexible and ultrasensitive immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was proposed based on a colorimetric/fluorescent dual-signal enhancement strategy. We first fabricated a highly stable dual-signal nanocomposite (SADQD) by continuously coating one layer of 20 nm AuNPs and two layers of quantum dots onto a 200 nm SiO2 nanosphere to provide strong colorimetric signals and enhanced fluorescence signals. Two kinds of SADQD with red and green fluorescence were conjugated with spike (S) antibody and nucleocapsid (N) antibody, respectively, and used as dual-fluorescence/colorimetric tags for the simultaneous detection of S and N proteins on one test line of ICA strip, which can not only greatly reduce the background interference and improve the detection accuracy but also achieve a higher colorimetric sensitivity. The detection limits of the method for target antigens via colorimetric and fluorescence modes were as low as 50 and 2.2 pg/mL, respectively, which were 5 and 113 times more sensitive than those from the standard AuNP-ICA strips, respectively. This biosensor will provide a more accurate and convenient way to diagnose COVID-19 in different application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingsheng Yang
- Bioinformatics Center of
AMMS, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular
Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100850,
P. R. China
| | - Qing Yu
- Bioinformatics Center of
AMMS, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular
Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100850,
P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Cheng
- Bioinformatics Center of
AMMS, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular
Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100850,
P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Wei
- Bioinformatics Center of
AMMS, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular
Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100850,
P. R. China
| | - Xiaochang Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center of
AMMS, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular
Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100850,
P. R. China
| | - Zhen Rong
- Bioinformatics Center of
AMMS, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular
Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100850,
P. R. China
| | - Chongwen Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of
AMMS, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular
Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100850,
P. R. China
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial
People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical
Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of
AMMS, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular
Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100850,
P. R. China
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11
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Wang D, Lu H, Li Y, Shen J, Jiang G, Xiang J, Qin H, Guan M. Application of ultrasensitive assay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen in nasopharynx in the management of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities during the peak of 2022 Shanghai epidemics in a tertiary hospital. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:510-520. [PMID: 36480433 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Various comorbidities associated with COVID-19 add up in severity of the disease and obviously prolonged the time for viral clearance. This study investigated a novel ultrasensitive MAGLUMI® SARS-CoV-2 Ag chemiluminescent immunoassay assay (MAG-CLIA) for diagnosis and monitoring the infectivity of COVID-19 patients with comorbid conditions during the pandemic of 2022 Shanghai. METHODS Analytical performances of the MAG-CLIA were evaluated, including precision, limit of quantitation, linearity and specificity. Nasopharyngeal specimens from 232 hospitalized patients who were SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR positive and from 477 healthy donors were included. The longitudinal studies were performed by monitoring antigen concentrations alongside with RT-qPCR results in 14 COVID-19 comorbid participants for up to 22 days. The critical antigen concentration in determining virus infectivity was evaluated at the reference cycle threshold (Ct) of 35. RESULTS COVID-19 patients were well-identified using an optimal threshold of 0.64 ng/L antigen concentration, with sensitivity and specificity of 95.7% (95% CI: 92.2-97.9%) and 98.3% (95% CI: 96.7-99.3%), respectively, while the Wondfo LFT exhibited those of 34.9% (95% CI: 28.8-41.4%) and 100% (95% CI: 99.23-100%), respectively. The sensitivity of MAG-CLIA remained 91.46% (95% CI: 83.14-95.8%) for the samples with Ct values between 35 and 40. Close dynamic consistence was observed between MAG-CLIA and viral load time series in the longitudinal studies. The critical value of 8.82 ng/L antigen showed adequate sensitivity and specificity in evaluating the infectivity of hospitalized convalescent patients with comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The MAG-CLIA SARS-CoV-2 Ag detection is an effective and alternative approach for rapid diagnosis and enables us to evaluate the infectivity of hospitalized convalescent patients with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yaju Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhen Shen
- Research & Development Department, Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Guangjie Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai, P.R. China
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12
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de Waal T, Aungier S, Lawlor A, Goddu T, Jones M, Szlosek D. Retrospective Survey of Dog and Cat Endoparasites in Ireland: Antigen Detection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36611746 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoparasites of dogs and cats, play an important role in both veterinary medicine and public health. Untreated and stray dogs and cats, in particular, play an important role in contaminating the environment with important zoonotic parasites. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in stray dogs and cats using highly sensitive and specific copro-antigen tests. Archive faecal samples from previous surveys conducted between 2016−2019 from dogs (n = 789) and cats (n = 241) were included in this study. The IDEXX Fecal Dx™ antigen panel was used for the detection of Toxocara, hookworms, Trichuris and the SNAP™ Giardia antigen assay was used for the detection of Giardia infection. Giardia duodenalis was the most common parasite (26%, n = 205) detected in the dogs, followed by ascarids (17.6%, n = 139) and hookworms (5.3%, n = 42). Trichuris vulpis was only detected in 1 dog. Ascarids (23.2%, n = 56) was the most common parasite detected in the cats, followed by Giardia (12.9%, n = 31) and hookworms (n = 7, 2.9%). No whipworms were detected in cats. Overall, there was little difference in the positivity between sexes in both dogs and cats. However, in terms of age, adolescent dogs (<3 years) and kittens (<1 year) had the highest parasite prevalence overall, with G. duodenalis and ascarids being the most prevalent. This study shows a high prevalence of parasite infection in untreated and stray dogs and cats in the greater Dublin area in Ireland. Since they live in synanthropic conditions and can roam over vast distances they can contaminate public areas and pose a risk to both humans and owned pets that utilise these spaces. It is therefore important to raise public awareness and increase the knowledge on zoonotic parasites.
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13
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Ngobeni R, Ramalivhana JN, Traore AN, Samie A. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) Production and Seroprevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in South Africa. Pathogens 2022; 12. [PMID: 36678367 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by the parasite E. histolytica are increasing in HIV-infected individuals. Interleukin (IL-10) plays an important role in maintaining the mucosal barrier. Therefore, the seroprevalence of E. histolytica was investigated in relation to the IL-10 serum concentration among HIV- infected patients. A total of 647 blood samples were collected from asymptomatic HIV-infected patients. The Entamoeba histolytica antigen (GALNAC lectin) and serum antibodies were assessed using specific ELISAs (TECHLAB, Virginia, USA). IL10 blood levels were measured using a commercial ELISA test, and the results were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. The Gal/GALNAC lectin was detected in only 0.5% (3/647) of individuals, and the antibodies against E. histolytica were detected in 65.2% (422/647) of the samples. A significant increase in IL-10 levels was found in 68.1% of patients who were sero-negative for E. histolytica antibodies compared to patients who were sero-positive. There is a high level of exposure to E. histolytica among HIV patients in South Africa, although the prevalence of amoebic liver abscesses might be low. This study revealed that elevated levels of IL-10 might be associated with a reduced risk of amebiasis.
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14
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Alhabbab RY. Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Detecting Viral Infectious Antigens and Antibodies. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1901. [PMID: 36363922 PMCID: PMC9694796 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abundant immunological assays currently exist for detecting pathogens and identifying infected individuals, making detection of diseases at early stages integral to preventing their spread, together with the consequent emergence of global health crises. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a test characterized by simplicity, low cost, and quick results. Furthermore, LFIA testing does not need well-trained individuals or laboratory settings. Therefore, it has been serving as an attractive tool that has been extensively used during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the LFIA strip's available formats, reporter systems, components, and preparation are discussed. Moreover, this review provides an overview of the current LFIAs in detecting infectious viral antigens and humoral responses to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Gunell M, Rantasärkkä K, Arjonen R, Sandén A, Vuorinen T. Clinical evaluation of an automated, rapid mariPOC antigen test in screening of symptomatics and asymptomatics for SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28189. [PMID: 36177677 PMCID: PMC9538064 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel automated mariPOC SARS-CoV-2 antigen test was evaluated in a Health Care Center Laboratory among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals seeking SARS-CoV-2 testing. According to the national testing strategy, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as a reference method. A total of 962 subjects were included in this study, 4.8% (46/962) of their samples were SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive, and 87% (40/46) of these were from symptomatics. Among the symptomatics, the overall sensitivity of the mariPOC SARS-CoV-2 test was 82.5% (33/40), though the sensitivity increased to 97.1% (33/34) in samples with a Ct < 30. The mariPOC SARS-CoV-2 test detected two of six PCR-positive samples among the asymptomatics, four cases that remained antigen test negative had Ct values between 28 and 36. The specificity of the mariPOC SARS-CoV-2 test was 100% (916/916). The evaluation showed that the mariPOC SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test is very sensitive and specific for the detection of individuals who most probably are contagious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Gunell
- Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory DivisionTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland,Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Kaisa Rantasärkkä
- Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory DivisionTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | | | | | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory DivisionTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland,Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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16
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Vanderboom PM, Renuse S, Maus AD, Madugundu AK, Kemp JV, Gurtner KM, Singh RJ, Grebe SK, Pandey A, Dasari S. Machine Learning-Based Fragment Selection Improves the Performance of Qualitative PRM Assays. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2045-2054. [PMID: 35849720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted mass spectrometry-based platforms have become a valuable tool for the sensitive and specific detection of protein biomarkers in clinical and research settings. Traditionally, developing a targeted assay for peptide quantification has involved manually preselecting several fragment ions and establishing a limit of detection (LOD) and a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for confident detection of the target. Established thresholds such as LOD and LLOQ, however, inherently sacrifice sensitivity to afford specificity. Here, we demonstrate that machine learning can be applied to qualitative PRM assays to discriminate positive from negative samples more effectively than a traditional approach utilizing conventional methods. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we trained an ensemble machine learning model using 282 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 994 SARS-CoV-2 negative nasopharyngeal swabs (NP swab) analyzed using a targeted PRM method. This model was then validated using an independent set of 200 positive and 150 negative samples and achieved a sensitivity of 92% relative to results obtained by RT-PCR, which was superior to a traditional approach that resulted in 86.5% sensitivity when analyzing the same data. These results demonstrate that machine learning can be applied to qualitative PRM assays and results in superior performance relative to traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Vanderboom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Anthony D Maus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Anil K Madugundu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.,Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Jennifer V Kemp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Kari M Gurtner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Ravinder J Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Stefan K Grebe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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17
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Li X, Xiong M, Deng Q, Guo X, Li Y. The utility of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in laboratory diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24534. [PMID: 35657146 PMCID: PMC9279953 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which has now become a global pandemic owing to its high transmissibility. The SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein tests are playing an important role in screening and diagnosing patients with COVID‐19, and studies about the utility of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein tests are increasing now. Methods In this review, all the relevant original studies were assessed by searching in electronic databases including Scopus, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. “SARS‐CoV‐2”, “COVID‐19”, “nucleocapsid protein”, and “antigen detection” were used as keywords. Results In this review, we summarized the utility of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein in laboratory diagnosis. Among the representative researches, this review analyzed, the sensitivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein detection varies from 13% to 87.9%, while the specificity could almost reach 100% in most studies. As a matter of fact, the sensitivity is around 50% and could be higher or lower due to the influential factors. Conclusion It is well suggested that SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein is a convenient method with a short turnaround time of about half an hour, and the presence of N antigen is positively related to viral transmissibility, indicating that SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein immunoassays contribute to finding out those infected people rapidly and segregating them from the uninfected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- Class 11, Grade 2018, Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoling Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Montaño MA, Bemer MJ, Heller KB, Meisner A, Marfatia Z, Rechkina EA, Padgett LR, Ahls CL, Rains D, Hao L, Hsiang TY, Cangelosi GA, Greninger AL, Cantera JL, Golden A, Peck RB, Boyle DS, Gale M, Drain PK. Performance of anterior nares and tongue swabs for nucleic acid, Nucleocapsid, and Spike antigen testing for detecting SARS-CoV-2 against nasopharyngeal PCR and viral culture. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 117:287-294. [PMID: 35149246 PMCID: PMC8827388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assesses and compares the performance of different swab types and specimen collection sites for SARS-CoV-2 testing, to reference standard real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral culture. METHODS Symptomatic adults with COVID-19 who visited routine COVID-19 testing sites used spun polyester and FLOQSwabs to self-collect specimens from the anterior nares and tongue. We evaluated the self-collected specimen from anterior nares and tongue swabs for the nucleocapsid (N) or spike (S) antigen of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and then compared these results with results from RT-PCR and viral cultures from nurse-collected nasopharyngeal swabs. RESULTS Diagnostic sensitivity was highest for RT-PCR testing conducted using specimens from the anterior nares collected on FLOQSwabs (84%; 95% CI 68-94%) and spun polyester swabs (82%; 95% CI 66-92%), compared to RT-PCR tests conducted using specimens from nasopharyngeal swabs. Relative to viral culture from nasopharyngeal swabs, diagnostic sensitivities were higher for RT-PCR and antigen testing of anterior nares swabs (91-100%) than that of tongue swabs (18-81%). Antigen testing of anterior nares swabs had higher sensitivities against viral culture (91%) than against nasopharyngeal RT-PCR (38-70%). All investigational tests had high specificity compared with nasopharyngeal RT-PCR. Spun polyester swabs are equally effective as FLOQSwabs for anterior nasal RT-PCR testing. CONCLUSIONS We found that anterior nares specimens were more sensitive than tongue swab specimens or antigen testing for detecting SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Thus, self-collected anterior nares specimens may represent an alternative method for diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 testing in some settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina A. Montaño
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Corresponding Author: Michalina Montano.
| | - Meagan J. Bemer
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kate B. Heller
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Allison Meisner
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Zarna Marfatia
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Elena A. Rechkina
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Linhui Hao
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tien-Ying Hsiang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gerard A. Cangelosi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Paul K. Drain
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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19
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Fresco-Taboada A, Montón M, Tapia I, Soria E, Bárcena J, Guillou-Cloarec C, Le Gall-Reculé G, Blanco E, Rueda P. Development and Evaluation of a Duplex Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection and Differentiation between Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1 and /GI.2. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:401. [PMID: 35336775 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is caused by a virus that affects the liver, the spleen and the lungs of rabbits, causing hepatitis, splenomegaly and haemorrhages. A new genotype of the virus was first reported in France in 2010 and has spread globally since then, replacing most of the circulating former viruses in many countries. The detection of the virus and the differentiation of both genotypes is of crucial importance for disease surveillance. In this article, a rapid test for antigen detection is described and evaluated, providing the first description of a quick and easy-to-use test that allows for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of the genotypes. A total of 136 samples, rabbit liver samples and liver exudates (liquid collected after freeze–thawing) classified as infected and non-infected, were analysed, with good results. These data confirm that the developed rapid test can be used as a reliable diagnostic test for disease surveillance, especially in farms and the field. Abstract Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 (RHDV2, recently named Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2) was first reported in France in 2010 and has spread globally since then, replacing most of the circulating former RHDV (genotype GI.1) in many countries. The detection and differentiation of both genotypes is of crucial importance for the surveillance of the disease. In this article, a duplex lateral flow assay (LFA) for antigen detection is described and evaluated, providing the first description of a quick and easy-to-use test that allows for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of RHDV genotypes GI.1 and GI.2. A panel of GI.1- or GI.2-infected and non-infected rabbit liver samples and liver exudates (136 samples) was analysed, obtaining a total sensitivity of 94.4% and specificity of 100%. These data confirm that the developed duplex LFA can be used as a reliable diagnostic test for RHD surveillance, especially in farms and the field.
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20
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Fernández-Rivas G, Barallat J, Gonzalez V, Martinez S, Bordoy AE, Jimenez L, Casañ C, Blanco I. Analytical Performance of Quantitative DiaSorin Liaison SARS-COV-2 Antigen Test for the Asymptomatic Population. Front Public Health 2022; 9:788581. [PMID: 35071169 PMCID: PMC8777041 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.788581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen (Ag) tests have been widely employed to identify patients for a rapid diagnosis and pandemic control. Rapid lateral-flow techniques are currently the most used, but automated technologies have emerged as another viable alternative to molecular methods. We aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of the DiaSorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 Ag test in asymptomatic population and close contacts, for its use as a tool in pandemic control efforts. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. A total of 861 samples were included, 291 (34%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 with cycle threshold (Ct) <40, and 570 (66%) were negative. Results: A strong correlation was observed between reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) Ct and Ag 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose per milliliter (TCID50/ml; r = 0.6486; p < 0.0001) and all RT-PCR negative samples tested negative for the 200 TCID50/ml SARS-Cov-2 Ag cutoff, i.e., a specificity of 100% was reached (95% CI: 99.4–100.0%). Samples with <25 Ct and/or >106 extrapolated copies/ml were reached a sensitivity of 100% (95% IC 97.0–100.0%). For intermediate viral loads (>105 extrapolated copies/ml or <30 Ct), the sensitivity value still exceeded 80%. As with other Ag methods, samples between 30 and 40 Ct could not be detected with a reliable sensitivity. Conclusions: The LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 Ag assay displays an acceptable sensitivity and a very high specificity that is useful for detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal swabs (NPS) of asymptomatic population or to regular monitoring of risk groups in controlled settings. Additionally, the flexibility in processing different samples and in the sampling preparation process makes this test an option for its use in high throughput laboratories. Automated tests may facilitate result reporting and yield consistent data, while avoiding some of the pitfalls of rapid lateral-flow techniques, such as observer variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Fernández-Rivas
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jaume Barallat
- Biochemistry Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Victoria Gonzalez
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,Center for Epidemiological Studies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Martinez
- Biochemistry Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antoni E Bordoy
- Metropolitana Nord Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Jimenez
- Biochemistry Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Casañ
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Metropolitana Nord Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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21
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Hu R, Liao T, Ren Y, Liu W, Ma R, Wang X, Lin Q, Wang G, Liang Y. Sensitively detecting antigen of SARS-CoV-2 by NIR-II fluorescent nanoparticles. Nano Res 2022; 15:7313-7319. [PMID: 35571588 PMCID: PMC9088145 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is an efficient way to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigen can be rapid and convenient, but it is still challenging to develop highly sensitive methods for effective diagnosis. Herein, a lateral flow assay (LFA) based on fluorescent nanoparticles emitting in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window is developed for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Benefiting from the NIR-II fluorescence with high penetration and low autofluorescence, such NIR-II based LFA allows enhanced signal-to-background ratio, and the limit of detection is down to 0.01 ng·mL-1 of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. In the clinical swab sample tests, the NIR-II LFA outperforms the colloidal gold LFA with higher overall percent agreement with the polymerase chain reaction test. The clinical samples with low antigen concentrations (∼ 0.015-∼ 0.068 ng·mL-1) can be successfully detected by the NIR-II LFA, but fail for the colloidal gold LFA. The NIR-II LFA can provide a promising platform for highly sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective method for early diagnosis and mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (the operation procedure and cost of the materials needed of NIR-II lateral flow assays, the dynamic light scattering spectrum of the NIR-II nanoparticles, the components and testing principle, optimization of main parameters pertaining to the LFA performance, the colloidal gold LFA strip, the fluorescence intensity distribution curves and the T/C values of the strips for clinical samples by NIR-II LFA, and results of clinical swab samples detected by colloidal gold LFA) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-4351-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Tao Liao
- WWHS Biotech. Inc., Shenzhen, 518122 China
| | - Yan Ren
- Joint Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Hygienic Section of Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518109 China
| | | | - Rui Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Qihui Lin
- Joint Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Hygienic Section of Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518109 China
| | | | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055 China
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22
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Abstract
This research has developed a method for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein on a paper-based microfluidic chip. The chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linking method is used to fix the coated antibody, and the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent method is used to achieve the specific detection of the target antigen. The system studied the influence of coating antibody concentration and enzyme-labeled antibody concentration on target antigen detection. According to the average gray value measured under different N protein concentrations, the standard curve of the method was established and the sensitivity was tested, and its linear regression was obtained. The equation is y = 9.8286x+137.6, R2 = 0.9772 > 0.90, which shows a high degree of fit. When the concentration of coating antibody and enzyme-labeled antibody were 1 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, P > 0.05, the difference was not statistically significant, so the lower concentration of 1 μg/mL was chosen as the coating antibody concentration. The results show that the minimum concentration of N protein that can be detected by this method is 8 μg/mL, and the minimum concentration of coating antibody and enzyme-labeled antibody is 1 μg/mL, which has the characteristics of high sensitivity and good repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Sun
- Medical Technology College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Man Han
- Medical Technology College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Medical Technology College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Medical Technology College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Gul Nigal
- Medical Technology College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Tongyang Zhang
- Medical Technology College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Bo Song
- Medical Technology College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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23
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Larsson E, Johansson S, Frøbert O, Nordenskjöld A, Athlin S. Evaluation of the ImmuView RSV Test for Rapid Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adult Patients with Influenza-Like Symptoms. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0093721. [PMID: 34878317 DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.00937-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid antigen tests may enhance the diagnostic yield of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, but studies have shown low sensitivity in adults. We evaluated the novel ImmuView RSV test in adult patients with influenza-like symptoms who were prospectively enrolled at three emergency departments in two Swedish hospitals during two influenza seasons, 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019. The ImmuView RSV test was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs and results were compared to those of the BinaxNOW RSV test. In the first season, tests were performed on frozen samples, while unfrozen samples were used in the second season. For comparison, tests were also performed on selected samples from children. Of 333 included adult patients, the sensitivity of ImmuView and BinaxNOW was 27% for both tests and specificities were 98% and 100%, respectively. The interassay agreement was good (κ = 0.61). There was no significant difference in test performance between frozen and unfrozen samples. In samples from children, the sensitivities of ImmuView and BinaxNOW were 67% and 70%, respectively. In conclusion, the ImmuView RSV test showed low sensitivity and high specificity for identifying RSV in adult patients with influenza-like symptoms, comparable with the BinaxNOW RSV test. Rapid RSV testing is of limited value for diagnosing RSV infection in adults. IMPORTANCE By timely RSV diagnosis among patients with influenza-like symptoms, especially when influenza diagnostics turn negative, it is possible to prevent unnecessary antibiotic usage as well as reduce diagnostic testing, nosocomial transmission, and hospital stay. Previous rapid RSV tests have demonstrated poor sensitivity in adults, and we could demonstrate that the novel ImmuView RSV test similarly showed limited value for diagnosing RSV infection in adult patients. However, in contrast to many other studies, we investigated patient characteristics in cases with false-positive tests and we compared the performance between unfrozen and frozen samples. Thus, our results are important, as they generate new knowledge about rapid antigen tests.
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24
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Wang W, Li J, Fan B, Zhang X, Guo R, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Zhou J, Sun D, Li B. Development of a Novel Double Antibody Sandwich ELISA for Quantitative Detection of Porcine Deltacoronavirus Antigen. Viruses 2021; 13:2403. [PMID: 34960672 DOI: 10.3390/v13122403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) can cause diarrhea and dehydration in newborn piglets. Here, we developed a double antibody sandwich quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for detection of PDCoV by using a specific monoclonal antibody against the PDCoV N protein and an anti-PDCoV rabbit polyclonal antibody. Using DAS-ELISA, the detection limit of recombinant PDCoV N protein and virus titer were approximately 0.5 ng/mL and 103.0 TCID50/mL, respectively. A total of 59 intestinal and 205 fecal samples were screened for the presence of PDCoV by using DAS-ELISA and reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The coincidence rate of the DAS-ELISA and RT-qPCR was 89.8%. DAS-ELISA had a sensitivity of 80.8% and specificity of 95.6%. More importantly, the DAS-ELISA could detect the antigen of PDCoV inactivated virus, and the viral antigen concentrations remained unchanged in the inactivated virus. These results suggest that DAS-ELISA could be used for antigen detection of clinical samples and inactivated vaccines. It is a novel method for detecting PDCoV infections and evaluating the PDCoV vaccine.
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25
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Arnaout R, Lee RA, Lee GR, Callahan C, Cheng A, Yen CF, Smith KP, Arora R, Kirby JE. The Limit of Detection Matters: The Case for Benchmarking Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing. Clin Infect Dis 2021. [PMID: 33532847 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.02.131144v1.full.pdf+html] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resolving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires diagnostic testing to determine which individuals are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current gold standard is to perform reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal samples. Best-in-class assays demonstrate a limit of detection (LoD) of approximately 100 copies of viral RNA per milliliter of transport media. However, LoDs of currently approved assays vary over 10,000-fold. Assays with higher LoDs will miss infected patients. However, the relative clinical sensitivity of these assays remains unknown. METHODS Here we model the clinical sensitivities of assays based on their LoD. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were obtained from 4700 first-time positive patients using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Use Authorization test. We derived viral loads from Ct based on PCR principles and empiric analysis. A sliding scale relationship for predicting clinical sensitivity was developed from analysis of viral load distribution relative to assay LoD. RESULTS Ct values were reliably repeatable over short time testing windows, providing support for use as a tool to estimate viral load. Viral load was found to be relatively evenly distributed across log10 bins of incremental viral load. Based on these data, each 10-fold increase in LoD is expected to lower assay sensitivity by approximately 13%. CONCLUSIONS The assay LoD meaningfully impacts clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 tests. The highest LoDs on the market will miss a majority of infected patients. Assays should therefore be benchmarked against a universal standard to allow cross-comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Arnaout
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose A Lee
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ghee Rye Lee
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cody Callahan
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annie Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina F Yen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth P Smith
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Kirby
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Immergluck K, Gonzalez MD, Frediani JK, Levy JM, Figueroa J, Wood A, Rogers BB, O'Neal J, Elias-Marcellin R, Suessmith A, Sullivan J, Schinazi RF, Babiker A, Piantadosi A, Vos MB, Martin GS, Lam WA, Waggoner JJ. Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 Subgenomic RNA with Antigen Detection in Nasal Midturbinate Swab Specimens. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2887-2891. [PMID: 34424838 PMCID: PMC8544990 DOI: 10.3201/eid2711.211135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among symptomatic outpatients, subgenomic RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nasal midturbinate swab specimens was concordant with antigen detection but remained detectable in 13 (82.1%) of 16 nasopharyngeal swab specimens from antigen-negative persons. Subgenomic RNA in midturbinate swab specimens might be useful for routine diagnostics to identify active virus replication.
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27
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Hoel IM, Ali IAM, Ishtiaq S, Sviland L, Wiker H, Mustafa T. Immunochemistry-Based Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Strategy for Large-Scale Production of MPT64-Antibodies for Use in the MPT64 Antigen Detection Test. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:34. [PMID: 34462410 PMCID: PMC8406093 DOI: 10.3390/antib10030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. The immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based MPT64 antigen detection test has shown promising results for diagnosing extrapulmonary TB in previous studies. However, the anti-MPT64 antibody currently used in the test is in limited supply, and reproduction of a functional antibody is a prerequisite for further large-scale use. Various antigen-adjuvant combinations and immunisation protocols were tested in mice and rabbits to generate monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies were screened in IHC, and the final new antibody was validated on clinical human specimens. We were not able to generate monoclonal antibodies that were functional in IHC, but we obtained multiple functional polyclonal antibodies through careful selection of antigen-adjuvant and comprehensive screening in IHC of both pre-immune sera and antisera. To overcome the limitation of batch-to-batch variability with polyclonal antibodies, the best performing individual polyclonal antibodies were pooled to one final large-volume new anti-MPT64 antibody. The sensitivity of the new antibody was in the same range as the reference antibody, while the specificity was somewhat reduced. Our results suggest that it possible to reproduce a large-volume functional polyclonal antibody with stable performance, thereby securing stable supplies and reproducibility of the MPT64 test, albeit further validation remains to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Marie Hoel
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (I.A.M.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Iman A Mohammed Ali
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (I.A.M.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Sheeba Ishtiaq
- Department of Histopathology, Gulab Devi Chest Hospital Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Lisbet Sviland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald Wiker
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Tehmina Mustafa
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (I.A.M.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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28
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Levett PN, Cheung B, Kustra J, Pidduck T, Mak A, Tsang F, Petric M, Krajden M. Evaluation of a high volume antigen test for detection of SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Virol 2021; 142:104938. [PMID: 34380096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in successive waves may strain the capacity of laboratories performing molecular diagnostic testing. Alternative testing approaches may offer additional diagnostic capacity. A high throughput chemiluminescent antigen assay (Ortho VITROS SARS-CoV-2 antigen test) was evaluated using both an inactivated virus preparation and prospective clinical samples (nasopharyngeal swabs in virus transport medium). The limit of detection of the assay was approximately 0.5 TCID50/ml, equivalent to a Ct value of 33. The assay was linear over a wide range. When 528 clinical samples were tested with the antigen assay, the sensitivity was 84.2% and the specificity was 100% (positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 97.7%). High volume antigen tests might be used to supplement molecular diagnostic testing capacity.
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29
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Seynaeve Y, Heylen J, Fontaine C, Maclot F, Meex C, Diep AN, Donneau AF, Hayette MP, Descy J. Evaluation of Two Rapid Antigenic Tests for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swabs. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2774. [PMID: 34202731 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In the current context of the COVID-19 crisis, there is a need for fast, easy-to-use, and sensitive diagnostic tools in addition to molecular methods. We have therefore decided to evaluate the performance of newly available antigen detection kits in "real-life" laboratory conditions. (2) Methods: The sensitivity and specificity of two rapid diagnostic tests (RDT)-the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip from Coris Bioconcept, Belgium (CoRDT), and the coronavirus antigen rapid test cassette from Healgen Scientific, LLC, USA (HeRDT)-were evaluated on 193 nasopharyngeal samples using RT-PCR as the gold standard. (3) Results: The sensitivity obtained for HeRDT was 88% for all collected samples and 91.1% for samples with Ct ≤ 31. For the CoRDT test, the sensitivity obtained was 62% for all collected samples and 68.9% for samples with Ct ≤ 31. (4) Conclusions: Despite the excellent specificity obtained for both kits, the poor sensitivity of the CoRDT did not allow for its use in the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. HeRDT satisfied the World Health Organization's performance criteria for rapid antigen detection tests. Its high sensitivity, quick response, and ease of use allowed for the implementation of HeRDT at the laboratory of the University Hospital of Liège.
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30
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Menchinelli G, Bordi L, Liotti FM, Palucci I, Capobianchi MR, Sberna G, Lalle E, Romano L, De Angelis G, Marchetti S, Sanguinetti M, Cattani P, Posteraro B. Lumipulse G SARS-CoV-2 Ag assay evaluation using clinical samples from different testing groups. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1468-1476. [PMID: 33823089 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compared to RT-PCR, lower performance of antigen detection assays, including the Lumipulse G SARS-CoV-2 Ag assay, may depend on specific testing scenarios. METHODS We tested 594 nasopharyngeal swab samples from individuals with COVID-19 (RT-PCR cycle threshold [Ct] values ≤ 40) or non-COVID-19 (Ct values >40) diagnoses. RT-PCR positive samples were assigned to diagnostic, screening, or monitoring groups of testing. RESULTS With a limit of detection of 1.2 × 104 SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/mL, Lumipulse showed positive percent agreement (PPA) of 79.9% (155/194) and negative percent agreement of 99.3% (397/400), whereas PPAs were 100% for samples with Ct values of <18 or 18-<25 and 92.5% for samples with Ct values of 25-<30. By three groups, Lumipulse showed PPA of 87.0% (60/69), 81.1% (43/53), or 72.2% (52/72), respectively, whereas PPA was 100% for samples with Ct values of <18 or 18-<25, and was 94.4, 80.0, or 100% for samples with Ct values of 25-<30, respectively. Additional testing of RT-PCR positive samples for SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNA showed that, by three groups, PPA was 63.8% (44/69), 62.3% (33/53), or 33.3% (24/72), respectively. PPAs dropped to 55.6, 20.0, or 41.7% for samples with Ct values of 25-<30, respectively. All 101 samples with a subgenomic RNA positive result had a Lumipulse assay's antigen positive result, whereas only 54 (58.1%) of remaining 93 samples had a Lumipulse assay's antigen positive result. CONCLUSIONS Lumipulse assay was highly sensitive in samples with low RT-PCR Ct values, implying repeated testing to reduce consequences of false-negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Menchinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Bordi
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive (INMI) Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flora Marzia Liotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Sberna
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive (INMI) Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive (INMI) Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Amendola A, Sberna G, Lalle E, Colavita F, Castilletti C, Menchinelli G, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M, Ippolito G, Bordi L, Capobianchi MR, On Behalf Of Inmi Covid-Study Group. Saliva Is a Valid Alternative to Nasopharyngeal Swab in Chemiluminescence-Based Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1471. [PMID: 33918294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic methods based on SARS-CoV-2 antigens detection are a promising alternative to SARS-CoV-2 RNA amplification. We evaluated the automated chemiluminescence-based Lumipulse® G SARS-CoV-2 Ag assay on saliva samples, using Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay as a reference test. Analytical performance was established on a pool of healthy donors’ saliva samples spiked with the 2019-nCoV/Italy-INMI1 isolate, whereas clinical performance was assessed on fresh saliva specimens collected from hospitalized patients with suspect or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.65 Log TCID50/mL, corresponding to 18,197 copies/mL of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Antigen concentrations and SARS-CoV-2 RNA were highly correlated (r = 0.99; p < 0.0001). Substantial agreement (80.3%) and significant correlation (r = −0.675; p = 0.0006) were observed between Lumipulse® G assay results and Ct values on clinical samples, with 52.4% sensitivity and specificity 94.1%. Sensitivity exceeded 90.0% when calculated on samples with Ct < 25, and specificity was 100% when excluding samples from recovered patients with previous COVID-19 diagnosis. Overall, chemiluminescence-based antigen assay may be reliably applied to saliva samples to identify individuals with high viral loads, more likely to transmit the virus. However, the low positive predictive value in a context of low SARS-CoV-2 prevalence underscores the need for confirmatory testing in SARS-CoV-2 antigen-positive cases.
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32
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Zuurbier RP, Bont LJ, Langedijk AC, Hamer M, Korsten K, Drysdale SB, Snape MD, Robinson H, Pollard AJ, Martinón-Torres F, Rodríguez-Tenreiro Sánchez C, Gómez-Carballa A, Dacosta-Urbieta AI, Heikkinen T, Cunningham S, van Houten MA, Wildenbeest JG. Low Sensitivity of BinaxNOW RSV in Infants. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:S640-S647. [PMID: 32227106 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospitalization in infants. Early detection of RSV can optimize clinical management and minimize use of antibiotics. BinaxNOW RSV (BN) is a rapid antigen detection test that is widely used. We aimed to validate the sensitivity of BN in hospitalized and nonhospitalized infants against the gold standard of molecular diagnosis. METHODS We evaluated the performance of BN in infants with acute respiratory tract infections with different degrees of disease severity. Diagnostic accuracy of BN test results were compared with molecular diagnosis as reference standard. RESULTS One hundred sixty-two respiratory samples from 148 children from October 2017 to February 2019 were studied. Sixty-six (40.7%) samples tested positive for RSV (30 hospitalizations, 31 medically attended episodes not requiring hospitalization, and 5 nonmedically attended episodes). Five of these samples tested positive with BN, leading to an overall sensitivity of BN of 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3%-16.5%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 96.2%-100%). Sensitivity was low in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS We found a low sensitivity of BN for point-of-care detection of RSV infection. BinaxNOW RSV should be used and interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy P Zuurbier
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
| | - Louis J Bont
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annefleur C Langedijk
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Hamer
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Koos Korsten
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Simon B Drysdale
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Snape
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro Sánchez
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Dacosta-Urbieta
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Terho Heikkinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Steve Cunningham
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joanne G Wildenbeest
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Arnaout R, Lee RA, Lee GR, Callahan C, Cheng A, Yen CF, Smith KP, Arora R, Kirby JE. The Limit of Detection Matters: The Case for Benchmarking Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e3042-e3046. [PMID: 33532847 PMCID: PMC7929140 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resolving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires diagnostic testing to determine which individuals are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current gold standard is to perform reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal samples. Best-in-class assays demonstrate a limit of detection (LoD) of approximately 100 copies of viral RNA per milliliter of transport media. However, LoDs of currently approved assays vary over 10,000-fold. Assays with higher LoDs will miss infected patients. However, the relative clinical sensitivity of these assays remains unknown. Methods Here we model the clinical sensitivities of assays based on their LoD. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were obtained from 4700 first-time positive patients using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Use Authorization test. We derived viral loads from Ct based on PCR principles and empiric analysis. A sliding scale relationship for predicting clinical sensitivity was developed from analysis of viral load distribution relative to assay LoD. Results Ct values were reliably repeatable over short time testing windows, providing support for use as a tool to estimate viral load. Viral load was found to be relatively evenly distributed across log10 bins of incremental viral load. Based on these data, each 10-fold increase in LoD is expected to lower assay sensitivity by approximately 13%. Conclusions The assay LoD meaningfully impacts clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 tests. The highest LoDs on the market will miss a majority of infected patients. Assays should therefore be benchmarked against a universal standard to allow cross-comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Arnaout
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose A Lee
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ghee Rye Lee
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cody Callahan
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annie Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina F Yen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth P Smith
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Kirby
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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34
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Eamsobhana P, Tungtrongchitr A, Yong HS, Prasartvit A, Wanachiwanawin D, Gan XX. Sandwich dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) for specific immunodiagnosis of active neuroangiostrongyliasis. Parasitology 2021; 148:234-239. [PMID: 33004092 PMCID: PMC11010216 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Serological tests may yield false-negative results for specific antibodies detection before or at the early seroconversion phase. Tests that detect circulating antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis would therefore be of value in diagnosis to distinguish current or past infection. Here, a quick, easy to perform, portable and inexpensive diagnostic device for detection of 31-kDa A. cantonensis specific antigens had been developed. This sandwich dot-immunogold filtration assay (AcDIGFAAg), for detecting active angiostrongyliasis was produced using anti-A. cantonensis polyclonal antibody dotted on the nitrocellulose membrane as a capture agent and colloidal gold-labelled anti-31 kDa A. cantonensis antibody as a detection agent. A well-defined pink dot, indicating positivity, was seen readily by naked eye within 10-15 min. The AcDIGFAAg detected A. cantonensis-specific antigens in cerebrospinal fluid samples from 4 out of 10 serologically confirmed angiostrongyliasis cases and 2 out of 5 suspected cases with negative anti-A. cantonensis antibodies. Among the 19 patient sera with A. cantonensis infection, 2 showed positive reaction by AcDIGFAAg. No positive AcDIGFAAg reaction was observed in all the serum samples with other parasitic diseases, and the healthy controls. The present 'AcDIGFAAg' enables rapid qualitative detection of the specific 31-kDa antigens of A. cantonensis in clinical samples with potential for application even under resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anchana Prasartvit
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Darawan Wanachiwanawin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xiao-Xian Gan
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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35
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Linder KA, Kauffman CA. Current and New Perspectives in the Diagnosis of Blastomycosis and Histoplasmosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 7:12. [PMID: 33383637 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis can be difficult for clinicians who rarely see infections caused by these environmentally restricted dimorphic fungi. Historically, the diagnosis of blastomycosis has been established by culture and sometimes by histopathologic identification. Currently, antigen detection in urine and serum has been shown to aid in the rapid diagnosis of blastomycosis, and newer antibody assays are likely to contribute to our diagnostic capability in the near future. The gold standard for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis has been culture of the organism from involved tissues, aided in some patients by histopathological verification of the typical yeast forms in tissues. Antigen detection has contributed greatly to the ability of clinicians to rapidly establish the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, especially in severely ill and immunocompromised patients, and antibody testing for Histoplasma capsulatum provides important adjunctive diagnostic capability for several forms of both acute and chronic histoplasmosis. For both of these endemic mycoses, novel molecular tests are under active investigation, but remain available in only a few reference laboratories. In this review, we provide a synopsis of diagnostic test options that aid in establishing whether a patient has blastomycosis or histoplasmosis.
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36
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Zhang C, Zhou L, Du K, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen L, Lyu Y, Li J, Liu H, Huo J, Li F, Wang J, Sang P, Lin S, Xiao Y, Zhang K, He K. Foundation and Clinical Evaluation of a New Method for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Antigen by Fluorescent Microsphere Immunochromatography. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:553837. [PMID: 33330119 PMCID: PMC7734310 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.553837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a rapid detection reagent for SARS-CoV-2 antigen for the auxiliary diagnosis of new coronary pneumonia (COVID-19), and perform the methodological evaluation and clinical evaluation of the reagent. Method SARS-CoV-2 N-protein test strip was created by combining fluorescent microsphere labeling technology and immunochromatographic technology, based on the principle of double antibody sandwich. Then we evaluated the analytical capability and clinical application of the strips. Result The limit of detection of the strips for recombinant N protein was 100 ng/ml and for activated SARS -CoV-2 virus was 1 × 103 TCID50/ml. The strips also have high analytical specificity and anti-interference capability. According to the predetermined cut-off value, the specificity of the test strip in healthy controls and patients with other respiratory disease was 100.00 and 97.29%, the sensitivity in COVID-19 cases at progress stage and cured stage was 67.15 and 7.02%. The positive percentage agreement and negative percentage agreement of antigen strip to RNA test were 83.16 and 94.45%. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 fluorescence immunochromatographic test strip can achieve fast, sensitive and accurate detection, which can meet the clinical requirements for rapid detection of viruses on the spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Du
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Institute of Infectious and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Lyu
- Institute of Infectious and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Clinical Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, China
| | - Junli Huo
- Infections Department, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Neurosurgery Department, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Li
- Infections Department, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Neurosurgery Department, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Medical Department, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, China
| | - Peipei Sang
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Si Lin
- Beijing Savant Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Beijing Savant Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Medical Department, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, China
| | - Kunlun He
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Fan B, Sun J, Zhu L, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Sun B, Guo R, He K, Li B. Development of a Novel Double Antibody Sandwich Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Antigen. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:540248. [PMID: 33195513 PMCID: PMC7649156 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.540248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute diarrhea and dehydration in sucking piglets with a high mortality rate. Here, we developed a double antibody sandwich quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-qELISA) for detection of PEDV using a specific monoclonal antibody against PEDV N protein and anti-PEDV rabbit serum. Using DAS-qELISA, the detection limit of recombinant PEDV N protein and virus titer were approximately 1 μg/L and 102.0 TCID50/ml, respectively. A total of 90 intestinal and 237 fecal samples were then screened for the presence of PEDV using DAS-qELISA and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). DAS-qELISA had a high specificity of 98.1% and sensitivity of 93.5%. The accuracy rate between DAS-qELISA and RT-PCR was 95.7%. More importantly, the viral antigen concentrations remained unchanged before and after one inactivated vaccine preparation by using the DAS-qELISA. These results suggest DAS-qELISA could be used for antigen detection of inactivated vaccine samples and clinical samples. It is a novel method for diagnosing diseases and evaluation of the PEDV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kongwang He
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-infection Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Wang KY, Wu C, Shimajiri S, Enomoto T, Kubota H, Akiyama H, Ohmiya Y. Quantitative immunohistochemistry using an antibody-fused bioluminescent protein. Biotechniques 2020; 69:302-306. [PMID: 32639163 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We established a quantitative detection method for immunohistochemistry based on a reference standard light-emitting diode, protein microarray and antibody-fused bioluminescent protein. In this procedure, we calibrated the bioluminescence imaging system and prepared the calibration curve between antigen and antibody-fused bioluminescent protein using a protein microarray. Then we converted the detecting light signal to antigen count via absolute photon number in the bioluminescent images; there was a resulting threefold difference in the target antigen number between normal and cancerous tissues. Our technique can easily compare immunohistological images and evaluate tumor progression in quantitative pathological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Iseiga-oka 1-1, Kita-kyusyu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Chun Wu
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Midorioka 1-8-31, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Shohei Shimajiri
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Iseiga-oka 1-1, Kita-kyusyu 807-855, Japan
| | | | - Hidehiro Kubota
- ATTO Corporation, 3-2-2 Motoasakusa, Taito-ku, Tokyo 111-0041
| | - Hidefumi Akiyama
- Tokyo University Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.,AIST-UTokyo OPERANDO-OIL, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of AIST, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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Abstract
Appropriate diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) is critical due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as the substantial economic burden, associated with the management of these diseases. The recognition of IFI and differentiation from other infections with similar clinical presentations can be challenging, which can lead to diagnostic error that not only has an impact on individual patient health outcomes but also on antimicrobial drug usage and the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Therefore, there is a significant need for improved stewardship related to diagnostic testing for and treatment of IFIs. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances related to current fungal diagnostics, as well as explore some of the most innovative technology that has emerged with the potential to shift the paradigm of clinical mycology. In general, this review will discuss research related to enhanced fungal culture utilization and identification techniques, expanded applications of fungal antigen testing, and recently developed molecular assays and other novel nonculture fungal diagnostic approaches. Specifically, the application of mass spectrometry, novel glycobiomarker detection, and detection of fungal-specific volatile organic compounds will be reviewed, along with other key updates, to provide the reader with an updated review that extends beyond the basics of IFI laboratory diagnostics. Where appropriate, the reader will be directed to more comprehensive reviews of certain aspects of clinical mycology laboratory testing to provide a broader context for the critical consideration of these updates.
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Abstract
Immunoelectron microscopy is a powerful technique for identifying viral antigens and determining their structural localization and organization within vaccines and viruses. While traditional negative staining transmission electron microscopy provides structural information, identity of components within a sample may be confounding. Immunoelectron microscopy allows for identification and visualization of antigens and their relative positions within a particulate sample. This allows for simple qualitative analysis of samples including whole virus, viral components, and viral‐like particles. This article describes methods for immunogold labeling of viral antigens in a liquid suspension, with examples of immunogold‐labeled influenza virus glycoproteins, and also discusses the important considerations for sample preparation and determination of morphologies. Together, these methods allow for understanding the antigenic makeup of viral particulate samples, which have important implications for molecular virology and vaccine development. © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu M Gulati
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Udana Torian
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John R Gallagher
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Audray K Harris
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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41
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Liu IL, Lin YC, Lin YC, Jian CZ, Cheng IC, Chen HW. A Novel Immunochromatographic Strip for Antigen Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092216. [PMID: 31064083 PMCID: PMC6540333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes considerable economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide, including Taiwan. IBV is among the most important pathogens in chickens, and it spreads rapidly among flocks. In addition to dozens of known serotypes, new viral variants have emerged due to the viral evolution and antigenic variation in IBVs. Therefore, the development of a sensitive, specific, and easily performed assay is crucial for the rapid detection and surveillance of IBV infections. A rapid and simple immunochromatographic strip (ICS) was developed in this study by employing monoclonal antibodies against spike and nucleocapsid proteins of IBV as the tracer and the capture antibody. The ICS showed high specificity in detecting IBV antigens, including several IBV genotypes and novel variants, as opposed to three other common avian respiratory viruses. The detection limit of the strip reached 104.4 50% embryo-infective dose. Moreover, in the experimental chicken model, the strip test demonstrated consistency in detecting IBV with RT-PCR gene detection. Taken together, this antigen detection strip has the potential to serve as an on-farm rapid test for IBV; therefore, it may facilitate surveillance and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Li Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Chong Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Cai-Zhen Jian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ivan-Chen Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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42
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Bansal N, Sethuraman N, Gopalakrishnan R, Ramasubramanian V, Kumar D S, Nambi P S, Chakrabarti A. Can urinary histoplasma antigen test improve the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in a tuberculosis endemic region? Mycoses 2019; 62:502-507. [PMID: 30734964 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with histoplasmosis are treated with anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) in tuberculosis endemic regions as diagnosis of histoplasmosis requires invasive sampling. We sought to study the utility of urinary Histoplasma antigen detection test. METHODS Case records of patients with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis prior to (Period A) and after (Period B) introduction of urinary Histoplasma antigen detection test were analysed in this single centre retrospective study. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients (18 in Period A, and 19 patients in Period B) were studied. There was nearly a threefold increase in diagnoses (from 0.39 cases to 1.18 cases per month) after the introduction of antigen test. Nine patients (24.3%) were immunocompromised (6 had HIV infection and 3 were on steroids), and 28 (75.6%) were immunocompetent. Empirical ATT had been given to 10 patients prior to histoplasmosis diagnosis. Invasive tissue sampling was required in only two patients in Period B to confirm the diagnosis. Immunocompromised patients were younger, were more likely to have skin and mucosal findings, anaemia and leucopenia as compared to immune-competent patients. CONCLUSION This study emphasises that histoplasmosis cases may be missed and patients may receive ATT unnecessarily. Histoplasma antigen increased the diagnostic yield by almost threefold in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Bansal
- Infectious Diseases, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Microbiology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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43
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Falci DR, Pasqualotto AC. Clinical mycology in Latin America and the Caribbean: A snapshot of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Mycoses 2019; 62:368-373. [PMID: 30614600 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the existence of endemic mycoses in Latin America and the Caribbean, in addition to a large population of patients at risk for invasive mycoses, the capability of medical centres to perform a proper diagnosis in mycology has not been studied in the region. Moreover, availability of antifungal drugs in the region is unknown. Here, we report the results of a survey involving 129 centres in 24 countries. Only 9% of centres would have the potential to apply for the minimum standards in mycology, as determined by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology. There is an urgent need to improve diagnostic conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as providing access to safer and more efficacious antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Falci
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Alessandro C Pasqualotto
- Santa Casa de Misericordia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Fellow of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (FECMM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Plucinski MM, Herman C, Jones S, Dimbu R, Fortes F, Ljolje D, Lucchi N, Murphy SC, Smith NT, Cruz KR, Seilie AM, Halsey ES, Udhayakumar V, Aidoo M, Rogier E. Screening for Pfhrp2/3-Deleted Plasmodium falciparum, Non-falciparum, and Low-Density Malaria Infections by a Multiplex Antigen Assay. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:437-447. [PMID: 30202972 PMCID: PMC6325347 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of Plasmodium antigens provides evidence of malaria infection status and is the basis for most malaria diagnosis. Methods We developed a sensitive bead-based multiplex assay for laboratory use, which simultaneously detects pan-Plasmodium aldolase (pAldo), pan-Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), and P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) antigens. The assay was validated against purified recombinant antigens, monospecies malaria infections, and noninfected blood samples. To test against samples collected in an endemic setting, Angolan outpatient samples (n = 1267) were assayed. Results Of 466 Angolan samples positive for at least 1 antigen, the most common antigen profiles were PfHRP2+/pAldo+/pLDH+ (167, 36%), PfHRP2+/pAldo-/pLDH- (163, 35%), and PfHRP2+/pAldo+/pLDH- (129, 28%). Antigen profile was predictive of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity and parasite density. Eight Angolan samples (1.7%) had no or very low PfHRP2 but were positive for 1 or both of the other antigens. PCR analysis confirmed 3 (0.6%) were P. ovale infections and 2 (0.4%) represented P. falciparum parasites lacking Pfhrp2 and/or Pfhrp3. Conclusions These are the first reports of Pfhrp2/3 deletion mutants in Angola. High-throughput multiplex antigen detection can inexpensively screen for low-density P. falciparum, non-falciparum, and Pfhrp2/3-deleted parasites to provide population-level antigen estimates and identify specimens requiring further molecular characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz M Plucinski
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- US President’s Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Camelia Herman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sophie Jones
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Georgia
| | - Rafael Dimbu
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Filomeno Fortes
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Dragan Ljolje
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Georgia
| | - Naomi Lucchi
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nahum T Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kurtis R Cruz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Annette M Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Eric S Halsey
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- US President’s Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Aidoo
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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45
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Couturier BA, Riley T, Gowans J, Couturier MR. Direct-from-Stool Testing for Shiga Toxins by an Immunochromatographic Assay Is Insensitive for Detection of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:e01209-18. [PMID: 30282784 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01209-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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46
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Attallah AM, El-Far M, Omran MM, Farid K, Attallah AA, Abd-Elaziz D, El-Bendary MS, El-Dosoky I, Ismail H. Levels of Schistosoma mansoni Circulating Antigen in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with Different Stages of Liver Fibrosis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 37:316-30. [PMID: 26745203 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2015.1135163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the levels of S. mansoni antigen in different liver fibrosis stages with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) Egyptian patients. A total of 174 CHC patients showing HCV-NS4 antigen and HCV- RNA in their sera were included. S. mansoni antigen was detected in serum using Western blot and ELISA. The levels of interferon-γ (IFN- γ) were determined using ELISA. The 50 kDa S. mansoni antigen discriminated patients infected with S. mansoni from healthy individuals with 0.93 area under curve (AUC), 92% sensitivity, and 97% specificity. The level of S. mansoni antigen (μg/ml) was significantly (P < 0.0001) increased with the progression of liver fibrosis stages (26.9 ± 17.5 in F1, 42.1 ± 25.2 in F2, 49.8 ± 30.3 in F3 and 62.2 ± 26.3 μg/mL in F4 liver cirrhosis), 26.9 ± 17.59 in significant fibrosis (F2-F4); 51.2 ± 27.9 in advanced fibrosis (F3-F4). A significant correlation (r = 0.506; P < 0.0001) was shown between the levels of the S. mansoni antigen and the HCV-NS4 antigen. In conclusion, the presence of S. mansoni antigen in different liver fibrosis stages of CHC patients confirming that concomitant schistosome infection aggravates liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Omran
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Khaled Farid
- d Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Attallah
- a R & D Department, Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt
| | - Dalal Abd-Elaziz
- a R & D Department, Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt
| | | | - Ibrahim El-Dosoky
- e Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Hisham Ismail
- a R & D Department, Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt.,f Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Minia University , Minia , Egypt
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47
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Hoffmann ER, Daboit TC, Paskulin DD, Monteiro AA, Falci DR, Linhares T, Flores JM, Goldani LZ, de Melo MG, Behar PR, Pasqualotto AC. Disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS: a prospective and multicentre study to evaluate the performance of different diagnostic tests. Mycoses 2016; 60:20-24. [PMID: 27443422 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The burden of histoplasmosis has been poorly documented in most of the endemic areas for the disease, including Brazil. Also, modern non-culture-based diagnostic tests are often non-available in these regions. This was a prospective cohort study in HIV-infected patients with suspected disseminated disease evaluated with different diagnostic tests. Patients were enrolled in three referral medical centres in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Among 78 evaluated patients, disseminated histoplasmosis was confirmed in eight individuals (10.3%) by the means of classical (culture/histopathology) tests. Antigen detection in the urine was found to be more sensitive: IMMY® ALPHA ELISA detected 13 positive cases (16.7%) and the in-house ELISA test developed by the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) detected 14 (17.9%). IMMY® and CDC tests provided concordant results in 96.2% of cases. This is the first study to compare the performance of the in-house CDC ELISA test with the IMMY® commercial test for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, and a high degree of concordance was observed. The study revealed that H. capsulatum is an important agent of disseminated disease in AIDS patients in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of making available modern diagnostic tests as well as safer antifungal agents for the treatment of histoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Hoffmann
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T C Daboit
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
| | - D D Paskulin
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A A Monteiro
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - D R Falci
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T Linhares
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J M Flores
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L Z Goldani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M G de Melo
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P R Behar
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A C Pasqualotto
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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48
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Chen MX, Chen JX, Chen SH, Huang DN, Ai L, Zhang RL. Development of Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Antigen Detection in Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection. Korean J Parasitol 2016; 54:375-80. [PMID: 27417097 PMCID: PMC4977790 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongyliasis is difficult to be diagnosed for the reason that no ideal method can be used. Serologic tests require specific equipment and are not always available in poverty-stricken zone and are time-consuming. A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) may be useful for angiostrongyliasis control. We established a LFIA for the diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis based on 2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis adults. The sensitivity and specificity were 91.1% and 100% in LFIA, while those of commercial ELISA kit was 97.8% and 86.3%, respectively. Youden index was 0.91 in LFIA and 0.84 in commercial ELISA kit. LFIA showed detection limit of 1 ng/ml of A. cantonensis ES antigens. This LFIA was simple, rapid, highly sensitive and specific, which opened an alternative approach for the diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Xin Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
- Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Shao-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Da-Na Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Lin Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
- Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Ren-Li Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
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49
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Sanbonmatsu-Gámez S, Pérez-Ruiz M, Lara-Oya A, Pedrosa-Corral I, Riazzo-Damas C, Navarro-Marí JM. Analytical performance of the automated multianalyte point-of-care mariPOC® for the detection of respiratory viruses. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:252-6. [PMID: 26283523 PMCID: PMC7132759 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The analytical performance of mariPOC® respi test (ArcDia® Laboratories, Turku, Finland) was evaluated using nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) as the gold standard. The mariPOC assay allows automated detection of antigens from 8 respiratory viruses: influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza viruses 1-3. Positive results from samples with high viral load are available in 20min. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (n=192) from patients with acute respiratory infection and from previously positive samples were analyzed by mariPOC and NAATs (Simplexa(TM) FluA/FluB & RSV kit [n=118] and Luminex® Respiratory virus panel xTAG® RVP FAST [n=74]). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of mariPOC were 85.4%, 99.2%, 95.9%, and 97%, respectively, and 84.6% of positive results were reported in 20min. The good analytical performance and extended portfolio of mariPOC show this rapid assay as a good alternative for the etiological diagnosis of acute respiratory infection in laboratories that are not equipped with molecular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sanbonmatsu-Gámez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18012 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Calle Dr Azpitarte 4, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Pérez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18012 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Calle Dr Azpitarte 4, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Lara-Oya
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Pedrosa-Corral
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18012 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Calle Dr Azpitarte 4, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Riazzo-Damas
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18012 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Calle Dr Azpitarte 4, 18012 Granada, Spain
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50
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Tintelnot K, Hagen F, Han CO, Seibold M, Rickerts V, Boekhout T. Pitfalls in Serological Diagnosis of Cryptococcus gattii Infections. Med Mycol 2015; 53:874-9. [PMID: 26337090 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of cryptococcal antigen by latex agglutination tests (LATs), enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA), or lateral flow assay (LFA) is an important tool for diagnosis of a Cryptococcus infection. Cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum samples of 10 patients with cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii or a hybrid of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii were examined by three LATs (the IMMY Latex-Crypto(®) test, the Pastorex(TM) Crypto Plus, and the Remel Cryptococcus Antigen Test Kit) and the LFA made by Immuno-Mycologics. LATs based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) like the Pastorex(TM) Crypto Plus or the Remel Cryptococcus Antigen Test Kit turned out to have an insufficient sensitivity to detect four out of 10 C. gattii infections, including one infection by a hybrid between C. gattii and C. neoformans. Reflecting the ongoing expansion of C. gattii in geographical zones outside of tropical and subtropical areas like Mediterranean countries, Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the Pacific Northwest region (USA), these findings are alarming because of the risk of delayed diagnosis of infections caused by C. gattii. Therefore, the preliminary serological screening for cryptococcal antigen in the case of a suspected Cryptococcus infection should be performed by using an assay with a broad range specificity and sensitivity for C. neoformans and C. gattii, including their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chang Ok Han
- Division of Mycology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Seibold
- Division of Mycology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Rickerts
- Division of Mycology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teun Boekhout
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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