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Hormesis, cellular stress response and neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: Early onset versus late onset state. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1182-1193. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Calabrese V, Giordano J, Ruggieri M, Berritta D, Trovato A, Ontario M, Bianchini R, Calabrese E. Hormesis, cellular stress response, and redox homeostasis in autism spectrum disorders. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1488-1498. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - J. Giordano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - M. Ruggieri
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington DC
| | - D. Berritta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - A. Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - M.L. Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - R. Bianchini
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington DC
- Service of Child Neuropsychiatry, ASP Siracusa, Italy
| | - E.J. Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health; University of Massachusetts; Amherst Massachusetts
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Koç S, Akyüz S, Somuk BT, Soyalic H, Yılmaz B, Taskin A, Bilinc H, Aksoy N. Paraoxonase Activity and Oxidative Status in Patients with Tinnitus. J Audiol Otol 2016; 20:17-21. [PMID: 27144229 PMCID: PMC4853894 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2016.20.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxanase-1 (PON) activity, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) in tinnitus; and to compare the results with data from healthy subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 114 subjects-54 patients with tinnitus and 60 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum PON activity, TOS, TAS, and OSI levels were measured. RESULTS In the tinnitus group, TAS, and PON were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.001). However, the TOS, and OSI levels were significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS According to the data obtained from the present study, patients with tinnitus were exposed to potent oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may be the key contributing factor to the pathogenesis of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Koç
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Servet Akyüz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Battal Tahsin Somuk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Harun Soyalic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Yılmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Taskin
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bilinc
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nurten Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Vorasubin N, Hosokawa S, Hosokawa K, Ishiyama G, Ishiyama A, Lopez IA. Neuroglobin immunoreactivity in the human cochlea. Brain Res 2015; 1630:56-63. [PMID: 26556771 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an oxygen-binding protein with a demonstrated role in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms. It has been shown to function as a scavenger for reactive oxidizing species thereby assisting in cellular defense against oxidative stress. In the present study, we characterized the presence of Ngb in the human cochlea. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin fixed celloidin human cochlea sections obtained from human temporal bones, using affinity purified polyclonal antibodies against Ngb. Thirty-six temporal bones were analyzed, 15 with normal otologic histories and 21 diagnosed with different inner ear pathologies. Ngb immunoreactivity (Ngb-IR) was consistently expressed in the neurons of spiral ganglia (SG) and supporting cells of the organ of Corti. There was a significant decrease of Ngb-IR in SGNs from specimens with inner ear pathologies when compared to normal specimens. In contrast, Ngb-IR in the organ of Corti did not show significant changes between pathological and normal specimens. The differential pattern of Ngb expression in these cochlear structures suggests that Ngb may participate in defense mechanisms in inner ear pathologies where oxidative stress is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopawan Vorasubin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Seiji Hosokawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Hosokawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Gail Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA.
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Cebula M, Schmidt EE, Arnér ESJ. TrxR1 as a potent regulator of the Nrf2-Keap1 response system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:823-53. [PMID: 26058897 PMCID: PMC4589110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE All cells must maintain a balance between oxidants and reductants, while allowing for fluctuations in redox states triggered by signaling, altered metabolic flow, or extracellular stimuli. Furthermore, they must be able to rapidly sense and react to various challenges that would disrupt the redox homeostasis. RECENT ADVANCES Many studies have identified Keap1 as a key sensor for oxidative or electrophilic stress, with modification of Keap1 by oxidation or electrophiles triggering Nrf2-mediated transcriptional induction of enzymes supporting reductive and detoxification pathways. However, additional mechanisms for Nrf2 regulation are likely to exist upstream of, or in parallel with, Keap1. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we propose that the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a potent regulator of Nrf2. A high chemical reactivity of TrxR1 and its vital role for the thioredoxin (Trx) system distinguishes TrxR1 as a prime target for electrophilic challenges. Chemical modification of the selenocysteine (Sec) in TrxR1 by electrophiles leads to rapid inhibition of thioredoxin disulfide reductase activity, often combined with induction of NADPH oxidase activity of the derivatized enzyme, thereby affecting many downstream redox pathways. The notion of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 is supported by many publications on effects in human cells of selenium deficiency, oxidative stress or electrophile exposure, as well as the phenotypes of genetic mouse models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigation of the role of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 activation will facilitate further studies of redox control in diverse cells and tissues of mammals, and possibly also in animals of other classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Cebula
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- 2 Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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Lee YY, Yang YP, Huang PI, Li WC, Huang MC, Kao CL, Chen YJ, Chen MT. Exercise suppresses COX-2 pro-inflammatory pathway in vestibular migraine. Brain Res Bull 2015; 116:98-105. [PMID: 26151770 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Migraine and dizziness are relatively common disorders. Patients with dizziness have a higher incidence of migraines than the general population. The discomfort experienced by these patients is often poorly controlled by medication. However, the pathophysiology of vestibular migraine (VM) remains unclear. We hypothesized that patients with VM would experience remission from symptoms after exercise training and that this effect may be mediated through the suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated inflammation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and possible anti-inflammatory benefits of exercise in patients with VM. We assessed the level of soluble inflammatory mediators in plasma from VM patients and control subjects. Our analysis of cytokine expression in the patients with VM undergoing exercise treatment revealed a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or cytotoxic factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins, nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, and reactive oxygen species. In contrast, we found an increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines after exercise. Moreover, the group undergoing exercise training showed significant symptomatic improvement and demonstrated suppressed antioxidant enzyme activity. To summarize, our data suggest that exercise significantly inhibits COX-2 activity, leading to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes in redox status. These results suggest that there is a molecular link between the central nervous system and the immune system. Furthermore, elucidation of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying VM could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yen Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Pin-I Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Li
- Department of Occupation Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 199, Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Huang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Jang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, No. 10, Sec. 4, Ren'ai Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Teh Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
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Agnihotri SK, Agrawal U, Ghosh I. Brain most susceptible to cadmium induced oxidative stress in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:184-93. [PMID: 25617233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence over the years indicate that cadmium (Cd) may be a possible etiological factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This may possibly be linked to excessive generation of free radicals that damages the organs in the body depending on their defence mechanism. Since Cd is a toxic agent that affect several cell types, the aim of this study was to shed light on the effect of Cd and its consequences on different organs of the mice body. To test the hypothesis of concentration dependent Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and DNA damage, observations were done in the serum of 4-5 weeks old male Swiss albino mice by treating with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in drinking water for 30 days. The expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) an apoptotic marker protein was two times higher in brain compared to liver at an exposure level of 0.5mgL(-1) CdCl2. Furthermore the correlation and linkage data analysis of antioxidant defence system revealed a rapid alteration in the brain, compared to any other organs considered in this study. We report that even at low dose of Cd, it impaired the brain due to lipid peroxidase sensitivity which favoured the Cd-induced oxidative injury in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Agnihotri
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Post Box No 4909, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ilora Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Cornelius C, Graziano A, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Hormesis and vitagenes in aging and longevity: mitochondrial control and hormonal regulation. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 16:73-89. [PMID: 25436749 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Average life span has increased because of medical and environmental factors, but maximal life span remains unchanged. Understanding the mechanisms of aging will help to reduce age-related morbidity and facilitate healthy aging. Unlike female menopause, which is accompanied by an abrupt and permanent cessation of ovarian function (both folliculogenesis and estradiol production), male aging does not result in either cessation of testosterone production or infertility. Although the circulating serum testosterone concentration does decline with aging, in most men this decrease is small, resulting in levels that are generally within the normal range. Age-related hypogonadism has been referred to as andropause or late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), with LOH considered to be the most suitable term for this condition. Hormone therapy (HT) trials have caused both apprehension and confusion about the overall risks and benefits associated with HT treatment. During aging, a gradual decline in the potency of the heat shock response occurs, and this may prevent the repair of protein damage. Thus, the interest in developing pharmacological agents capable of inducing stress responses is growing within the broad frame of hormesis, which underlie strategies for optimal patient treatment of numerous diseases. Vitagenes encode for heat shock proteins, thioredoxin, and sirtuin protein systems. Nutritional antioxidants have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes. Here, we focus on possible signaling mechanisms involved in the activation of vitagenes resulting in enhanced defense against bioenergetic defects leading to degeneration and cell death with consequent impact on longevity processes.
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Dubey A, Prajapati KS, Swamy M, Pachauri V. Heat shock proteins: a therapeutic target worth to consider. Vet World 2015; 8:46-51. [PMID: 27046995 PMCID: PMC4777810 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.46-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the molecular chaperones, that are not only expressed during the normal growth process of cell cycle consecutively, but also get induced in cells during various stress conditions produced by cellular insult, environmental changes, temperature, infections, tumors etc. According to their molecular weight and functions, HSPs are divided into five major families. HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and HSP100 are the most studied members of the family. Experimental studies have proved that overexpression and/or inhibition of HSPs play an important role in maintaining the tolerance and cell viability under above-described stress conditions. HSP90 is found to be a promising the candidate for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Similarly, HSP70, HSP60 and small HSPs experimentally and clinically have potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, ischemia, cell death, autoimmunity, graft rejection, etc. In a way, exploring, the cytoprotective and immunoregulatory role of HSPs can open a new avenue for the drug discovery and treatment of critical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Dubey
- Department of Pathology, College of veterinary science & AH, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K S Prajapati
- Department of Pathology, College of veterinary science & AH, AAU, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhu Swamy
- Department of Pathology, College of veterinary science & AH, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - V Pachauri
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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60
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Ohara K, Inoue Y, Sumi Y, Morikawa M, Matsuda S, Okamoto K, Tanaka H. Oxidative stress and heart rate variability in patients with vertigo. Acute Med Surg 2014; 2:163-168. [PMID: 29123715 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Peripheral vertigo has been reported to result from oxidative stress or autonomic nervous dysfunction. Recently, heart rate variability has been used to evaluate autonomic nervous activity. Parasympathetic nervous dysfunction is associated with peripheral vertigo; however, the relationships between vertigo, oxidative stress, and autonomic nervous activity have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to elucidate the changes in oxidative stress and autonomic nervous activity in vertigo patients compared with healthy volunteers. Methods Oxidative stress was assessed by evaluating biological antioxidant potential and reactive oxygen metabolites, and heart rate variability was measured to evaluate autonomic nervous activity. Thirty-four patients who complained of peripheral vertigo and were treated in our emergency department between January and August 2011 were enrolled in study 1. Oxidative stress and heart rate variability were measured and compared with those of healthy volunteers (n = 23). In study 2, oxidative stress in 18 vertigo patients and heart rate variability in 41 vertigo patients were measured between January and August 2012 before and after conventional treatment of vertigo to evaluate the effect of the treatment on oxidative stress and autonomic nervous activity. Results Reactive oxygen metabolites were higher in vertigo patients than in healthy volunteers. Parasympathetic nervous activity was lower and the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous activity ratio (autonomic nervous activity ratio) was higher in vertigo patients than in healthy volunteers. After treatment of vertigo, reactive oxygen metabolites decreased significantly and the autonomic nervous activity ratio became similar to that observed in healthy volunteers. Conclusions Bedside monitoring of oxidative stress and heart rate variability may be useful for the diagnosis of vertigo and evaluation of the effect of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Ohara
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital Urayasu City Chiba Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inoue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital Urayasu City Chiba Japan
| | - Yuka Sumi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital Urayasu City Chiba Japan
| | - Miki Morikawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital Urayasu City Chiba Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital Urayasu City Chiba Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital Urayasu City Chiba Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital Urayasu City Chiba Japan
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Uraga-Tovar DI, Domínguez-López ML, Madera-Sandoval RL, Nájera-Martínez M, García-Latorre E, Vega-López A. Generation of oxyradicals (O2. and H2O2), mitochondrial activity and induction of apoptosis of PBMC of Cyprinus carpio carpio treated in vivo with halomethanes and with recombinant HSP60 kDa and with LPS of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:329-40. [PMID: 25093392 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.947034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Halomethanes (HM) can be immunotoxic in mammals; however, in the fish immune system HM effects are unknown. In the current study, we evaluated the mitochondrial activity (MA) by MTT, induction of apoptosis by SubG0 technique and quantified serum ROS concentration (O2. and H2O2) and ROS production in PBMC of Cyprinus carpio carpio treated i.p. with CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and BrCHCl2 (0.004-40.0 mg/kg) for 96 h. Positive controls were recombinant heat shock protein of 60 kDa (rHSP60 kDa) of Klebsiella pneumoniae and its LPS. In addition, for in vitro PBMC cultures, two culture media and two sources of sera were tested. Both positive controls increased the MA more than 4-fold as well as the production of O2. (26-fold) and H2O2 (5-fold) compared to their controls. HM induced different effects on MA, ROS production and an induction of apoptosis, depending on the chlorination patterns and the dose; however, a systemic damage prevails. To fish treated with CH2Cl2, the apoptosis was related with serum ROS concentration and with MA. In contrast, in fish dosed with CHCl3 relationships were not found, deducing a systemic damage. However, in fish treated with BrCHCl2, serum O2. concentration and in vitro ROS generation performed by PBMC were involved in the induction of apoptosis of these cells but not with MA suggesting also immunotoxic effects. The current study demonstrated that HMs are immunomodulators increasing an acute inflammatory response and that rHSP60kDA of K. pneumoniae and its LPS are appropriate antigens to assess the immune response of C. c. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Italibi Uraga-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales and
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Cornelius C, Koverech G, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Koverech A, Lodato F, Scuto M, Salinaro AT, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Osteoporosis and alzheimer pathology: Role of cellular stress response and hormetic redox signaling in aging and bone remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:120. [PMID: 24959146 PMCID: PMC4050335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis are multifactorial progressive degenerative disorders. Increasing evidence shows that osteoporosis and hip fracture are common complication observed in AD patients, although the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as intracellular redox signaling molecules involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, including receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-dependent osteoclast differentiation, but they also have cytotoxic effects that include lipoperoxidation and oxidative damage to proteins and DNA. ROS generation, which is implicated in the regulation of cellular stress response mechanisms, is an integrated, highly regulated, process under control of redox sensitive genes coding for redox proteins called vitagenes. Vitagenes, encoding for proteins such as heat shock proteins (Hsps) Hsp32, Hsp70, the thioredoxin, and the sirtuin protein, represent a systems controlling a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways relevant to life span and involved in the preservation of cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. Consistently, nutritional anti-oxidants have demonstrated their neuroprotective potential through a hormetic-dependent activation of vitagenes. The biological relevance of dose–response affects those strategies pointing to the optimal dosing to patients in the treatment of numerous diseases. Thus, the heat shock response has become an important hormetic target for novel cytoprotective strategies focusing on the pharmacological development of compounds capable of modulating stress response mechanisms. Here we discuss possible signaling mechanisms involved in the activation of vitagenes which, relevant to bone remodeling and through enhancement of cellular stress resistance provide a rationale to limit the deleterious consequences associated to homeostasis disruption with consequent impact on the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Cornelius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania Catania, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Koverech
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Koverech
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Lodato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Angela T Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy ; University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
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Kao CL, Tsai KL, Cheng YY, Kuo CH, Lee SD, Chan RC. Vestibular rehabilitation ameliorates chronic dizziness through the SIRT1 axis. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:27. [PMID: 24624081 PMCID: PMC3941041 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dizziness is a common clinical symptom frequently referred to general neurologists and practitioners. Exercise intervention, in the form of vestibular rehabilitation, is known as an effective clinical management for dizziness. This intervention is reported to have a functional role in correcting dizziness, improving gaze stability, retraining balance and gait, and enhancing physical fitness. Dizziness is known to be highly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. SIRT1 is a major molecule for the regulation of inflammation and mitigation of oxidative stress in chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the bio-molecular roles of SIRT1 involved in the pathogenesis of dizziness are still largely unclear. In this study, a total of 30 subjects were recruited (15 patients with chronic dizziness, and 15 age/gender matched non-dizzy control subjects). The dizzy subjects group received 18 sessions of 30-min vestibular training. We found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1 in the blood samples of chronic dizzy patients were repressed compared with those of healthy controls. After vestibular training, the dizzy patients had significant symptomatic improvements. The SIRT1 expression and its downstream genes (PPAR-γ and PGC-1α) were upregulated after vestibular exercises in dizzy subjects. Notably, the catalytic activity of SIRT1, NADPH and antioxidant enzyme activities were also activated in dizzy patients after vestibular training. Furthermore, vestibular exercise training reduced oxidative events and p53 expression in patients with dizziness. This study demonstrated that vestibular exercise training improved dizziness symptoms, and mechanisms for alleviation of chronic dizziness may partly involve the activation of the SIRT1 axis and the repression of redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lan Kao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yang Cheng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Sport Sciences, University of Taipei Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rai-Chi Chan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
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Galuppo M, Giacoppo S, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Mazzon E, Bramanti P. RS-Glucoraphanin bioactivated with myrosinase treatment counteracts proinflammatory cascade and apoptosis associated to spinal cord injury in an experimental mouse model. J Neurol Sci 2013; 334:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hanschmann EM, Godoy JR, Berndt C, Hudemann C, Lillig CH. Thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, and peroxiredoxins--molecular mechanisms and health significance: from cofactors to antioxidants to redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1539-605. [PMID: 23397885 PMCID: PMC3797455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and "antioxidants". Today, these redox catalysts are increasingly recognized for their specific role in redox signaling. The number of publications published on the functions of these proteins continues to increase exponentially. The field is experiencing an exciting transformation, from looking at a general redox homeostasis and the pathological oxidative stress model to realizing redox changes as a part of localized, rapid, specific, and reversible redox-regulated signaling events. This review summarizes the almost 50 years of research on these proteins, focusing primarily on data from vertebrates and mammals. The role of Trx fold proteins in redox signaling is discussed by looking at reaction mechanisms, reversible oxidative post-translational modifications of proteins, and characterized interaction partners. On the basis of this analysis, the specific regulatory functions are exemplified for the cellular processes of apoptosis, proliferation, and iron metabolism. The importance of Trxs, Grxs, and Prxs for human health is addressed in the second part of this review, that is, their potential impact and functions in different cell types, tissues, and various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - José Rodrigo Godoy
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Hudemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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66
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Teranishi M, Uchida Y, Nishio N, Kato K, Otake H, Yoshida T, Suzuki H, Sone M, Sugiura S, Ando F, Shimokata H, Nakashima T. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the free-radical process in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Ménière's disease. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:498-506. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.793319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Oral steroid treatment for hearing improvement in Ménière's disease and endolymphatic hydrops. Otol Neurotol 2013; 33:1685-91. [PMID: 23047260 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e31826dba83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of oral steroid treatment on hearing in unilateral Ménière's disease and endolymphatic hydrops patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS All patients presenting during the 2010 calendar year with confirmed unilateral Ménière's disease or endolymphatic hydrops. Those with a first visit and second visit audiogram (n = 58) were included in the analysis of oral steroid treatment effect. INTERVENTION Steroid treatment for hearing loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Change in hearing, as defined by change in affected ear threshold values or speech discrimination score from pretreatment visit to posttreatment visit. RESULTS Hearing (threshold, speech discrimination score) in patients' affected ear did not significantly change from first visit to second visit after treatment with steroids relative to patients who did not receive steroid treatment. CONCLUSION The results of this and other studies would indicate that a Ménière's disease or endolymphatic hydrops patient is unlikely to experience an improvement in hearing from a short course of oral steroid. Clinically observed temporary improvement did not sustain over several months. Further work to elucidate the mechanisms underlying hearing loss in hydrops, perhaps focusing on the dendrite damage noted in animal models of hydrops, is warranted.
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Cornelius C, Perrotta R, Graziano A, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Stress responses, vitagenes and hormesis as critical determinants in aging and longevity: Mitochondria as a "chi". Immun Ageing 2013; 10:15. [PMID: 23618527 PMCID: PMC3644272 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of aging and determinants of life span will help to reduce age-related morbidity and facilitate healthy aging. Average lifespan has increased over the last centuries, as a consequence of medical and environmental factors, but maximal life span remains unchanged. Extension of maximal life span is currently possible in animal models with measures such as genetic manipulations and caloric restriction (CR). CR appears to prolong life by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage. But ROS formation, which is positively implicated in cellular stress response mechanisms, is a highly regulated process controlled by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways. By sensing the intracellular nutrient and energy status, the functional state of mitochondria, and the concentration of ROS produced in mitochondria, the longevity network regulates life span across species by coordinating information flow along its convergent, divergent and multiply branched signaling pathways, including vitagenes which are genes involved in preserving cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions. Vitagenes encode for heat shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp32, Hsp70, the thioredoxin and the sirtuin protein systems. Dietary antioxidants, have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes. The hormetic dose-response, challenges long-standing beliefs about the nature of the dose-response in a lowdose zone, having the potential to affect significantly the design of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials as well as strategies for optimal patient dosing in the treatment of numerous diseases. Given the broad cytoprotective properties of the heat shock response there is now strong interest in discovering and developing pharmacological agents capable of inducing stress responses. Here we focus on possible signaling mechanisms involved in the activation of vitagenes resulting in enhanced defense against energy and stress resistance homeostasis dysiruption with consequent impact on longevity processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Cornelius
- Department of Chemistry University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Perrotta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, Catania, 95100, Italy
| | - Antonio Graziano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, Catania, 95100, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
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Balaker AE, Ishiyama P, Lopez IA, Ishiyama G, Ishiyama A. Immunocytochemical Localization of the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (Tom20) in the Human Cochlea. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 296:326-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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70
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Teranishi M, Uchida Y, Nishio N, Kato K, Otake H, Yoshida T, Suzuki H, Sone M, Sugiura S, Ando F, Shimokata H, Nakashima T. Polymorphisms in genes involved in oxidative stress response in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Ménière's disease in a Japanese population. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1555-62. [PMID: 22877234 PMCID: PMC3458618 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiologies of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and Ménière's disease remain unclear. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that oxidative stress is related to the pathology of inner ear disease. Because genetic factors may contribute partly to the etiologies of SSNHL and Ménière's disease, we investigated the associations between genetic polymorphisms located in oxidative stress response genes and susceptibility to SSNHL and Ménière's disease. We compared 84 patients affected by SSNHL, 82 patients affected by Ménière's disease, and 2107 adults (1056 men and 1051 women; mean age, 59.2 years; range, 40-79 years) who participated in the National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study of Aging. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for SSNHL and Ménière's disease in individuals with polymorphisms in the genes glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) (Pro198Leu, rs1050450), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) (Gln192Arg, rs662; and Met55Leu, rs854560), PON2 (Ser311Cys, rs7493), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) (Val16Ala, rs4880), with adjustment for age and gender. No significant differences in the distribution of the genotypes at these polymorphisms were observed among individuals with SSNHL and Ménière's disease and controls. No significant risk for SSNHL and Ménière's disease was observed in the additive genetic model, regardless of moderating variables. The C allele of SOD2 (rs4880) was more frequent in Ménière's disease cases with a hearing level over 50 dB compared with cases with a hearing level below 50 dB, suggesting that this polymorphism is associated with progression of a hearing loss in Ménière's disease. In conclusion, no significant associations between the polymorphisms of GPX1, PON1, PON2, and SOD2 and risk of SSNHL and Ménière's disease were observed in this Japanese case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Teranishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Liu YH, Lu M, Hu LF, Wong PTH, Webb GD, Bian JS. Hydrogen sulfide in the mammalian cardiovascular system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:141-85. [PMID: 22304473 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For more than a century, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has been regarded as a toxic gas. This review surveys the growing recognition of the role of H(2)S as an endogenous signaling molecule in mammals, with emphasis on its physiological and pathological pathways in the cardiovascular system. In biological fluids, H(2)S gas is a weak acid that exists as about 15% H(2)S, 85% HS(-), and a trace of S(2-). Here, we use "H(2)S" to refer to this mixture. H(2)S has been found to influence heart contractile functions and may serve as a cardioprotectant for treating ischemic heart diseases and heart failure. Alterations of the endogenous H(2)S level have been found in animal models with various pathological conditions such as myocardial ischemia, spontaneous hypertension, and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In the vascular system, H(2)S exerts biphasic regulation of a vascular tone with varying effects based on its concentration and in the presence of nitric oxide. Over the past decade, several H(2)S-releasing compounds (NaHS, Na(2)S, GYY4137, etc.) have been utilized to test the effect of exogenous H(2)S under different physiological and pathological situations in vivo and in vitro. H(2)S has been found to promote angiogenesis and to protect against atherosclerosis and hypertension, while excess H(2)S may promote inflammation in septic or hemorrhagic shock. H(2)S-releasing compounds and inhibitors of H(2)S synthesis hold promise in alleviating specific disease conditions. This comprehensive review covers in detail the effects of H(2)S on the cardiovascular system, especially in disease situations, and also the various underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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72
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Ahmed K, Furusawa Y, Tabuchi Y, Emam HF, Piao JL, Hassan MA, Yamamoto T, Kondo T, Kadowaki M. Chemical inducers of heat shock proteins derived from medicinal plants and cytoprotective genes response. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:1-8. [PMID: 22235779 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2011.627408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress induces damage that activates an adaptive response in any organism. The cellular stress response is based on the induction of cytoprotective proteins, the so-called stress or heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are known to function as molecular chaperones which are involved in the therapeutic approach of many diseases. Therefore in the current study we searched nontoxic chaperone inducers in chemical compounds isolated from medicinal plants. Screening of 80 compounds for their Hsp70-inducing activity in human lymphoma U937 cells was performed by western blotting. Five compounds showed significant Hsp70 up-regulation among them shikonin was most potent. Shikonin was able to induce Hsp70 at 0.1 µM after 3 h without activation of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1). It also induces significant reactive oxygen species generation. The expression level of genes responsive to shikonin was studied using global-scale microarrays and computational gene expression analysis tools. Significant increase in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NFEL2L2) -mediated oxidative stress response was observed that leads to the activation of HSP. The results of gene chip analysis were further confirmed by real-time qPCR assay. In short, the detailed mechanisms of Hsp70 induction by shikonin is not fully understood, Nrf2 and its target genes might be involved in the Hsp70 up-regulation in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Ahmed
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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73
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Xin Y, Zhang Z, Yu P, Ma F, Mao L. In vivo electrochemical recording of continuous change of magnesium in medial vestibular nucleus following vertigo induced by ice water vestibular stimulation. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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74
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Galea E, Launay N, Portero-Otin M, Ruiz M, Pamplona R, Aubourg P, Ferrer I, Pujol A. Oxidative stress underlying axonal degeneration in adrenoleukodystrophy: a paradigm for multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1475-88. [PMID: 22353463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder expressed as four disease variants characterized by adrenal insufficiency and graded damage in the nervous system. X-ALD is caused by a loss of function of the peroxisomal ABCD1 fatty-acid transporter, resulting in the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in the organs and plasma, which have potentially toxic effects in CNS and adrenal glands. We have recently shown that treatment with a combination of antioxidants containing α-tocopherol, N-acetyl-cysteine and α-lipoic acid reversed oxidative damage and energetic failure, together with the axonal degeneration and locomotor impairment displayed by Abcd1 null mice, the animal model of X-ALD. This is the first direct demonstration that oxidative stress, which is a hallmark not only of X-ALD, but also of other neurodegenerative processes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), contributes to axonal damage. The purpose of this review is, first, to discuss the molecular and cellular underpinnings of VLCFA-induced oxidative stress, and how it interacts with energy metabolism and/or inflammation to generate a complex syndrome wherein multiple factors are contributing. Particular attention will be paid to the dysregulation of redox homeostasis by the interplay between peroxisomes and mitochondria. Second, we will extend this analysis to the aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases with the aim of defining differences as well as the existence of a core pathogenic mechanism that would justify the exchange of therapeutic opportunities among these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Galea
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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75
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Comparison of the Immunoreactivity of Trx2/Prx3 Redox System in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Between the Young and Adult Gerbil Induced by Transient Cerebral Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1019-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Momin SR, Melki SJ, Obokhare JO, Fares SA, Semaan MT, Megerian CA. Hearing preservation in Guinea pigs with long-standing endolymphatic hydrops. Otol Neurotol 2011; 32:1583-9. [PMID: 22015942 PMCID: PMC3220888 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e3182382a64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Interruption of the excitotoxic and inflammatory pathways implicated in endolymphatic hydrops (ELH)-associated hearing loss (HL) should afford hearing protection at the neuronal level. BACKGROUND Previous work in our laboratory in the mouse model of ELH shows that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an anti-inflammatory solvent, can slow the progression of HL before neuronal degeneration occurs. Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, may provide synergistic benefit. This study was designed to quantify the effects of DMSO and riluzole in a long-term model. METHODS Guinea pigs with surgically induced ELH were sorted into 3 groups: riluzole+DMSO (Group 1), DMSO alone (Group 2), and untreated controls (Group 3). Animals in Groups 1 and 2 received daily injections of the study drug(s). All animals underwent auditory-evoked brainstem response evaluation every 4 weeks until 24 weeks, when they were sacrificed. Cochleae were preserved; spiral ganglion density was quantified. Animals without hydrops were excluded from the study as surgical failures. RESULTS Animals from all groups developed unilateral HL. At the end of the experiment, HL was significantly lower in Group 1 relative to Group 3 (p = 0.049) and trended toward lower in Group 2 relative to Group 3 (p = 0.097). Groups 1 and 2 were not different (p = 0.311). At the cellular level, there is no evidence of neuronal degeneration in either treated group, whereas there is a significant neuronal degeneration in the untreated group. CONCLUSION These results confirm the hearing protection observed with DMSO in short-term studies. However, unlike the previous study, which showed no additive benefit to riluzole, the combined treatment group in this study showed a hearing-protective effect at 24 weeks. This indicates a potential additive benefit conferred by riluzole toward long-term hearing protection. The study also finds evidence of statistically significant neuronal protection with both treatment groups. Overall, study provides additional evidence that DMSO and riluzole may preserve or slow the long-term progression of ELH-associated HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhael R. Momin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Sami J. Melki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Joy O. Obokhare
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Souha A. Fares
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maroun T. Semaan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Cliff A. Megerian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
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Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D, Salinaro AT, Mazzon E, Bellia F, Cavallaro M, Cornelius C, Vecchio G, Calabrese V, Rizzarelli E, Cuzzocrea S. Administration of carnosine in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1478-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sultana R. Ferulic acid ethyl ester as a potential therapy in neurodegenerative disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:748-52. [PMID: 22064438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the onset, progression and pathogenesis of a number of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. It is critical to develop a pharmacological approach to combat oxidative stress which may reduce the risk of diseases and help in promoting healthy life. In an attempt to reduce the side effects associated with allopathic medicines a number of studies are now focusing on developing treatment regimens from naturally occurring plant products. In this review, the protective role of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) (FA), a naturally occurring antioxidant compound found in fruit, some vegetables, and grains, and its ethyl ester derivative are discussed with respect to neurodegeneration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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Galino J, Ruiz M, Fourcade S, Schlüter A, López-Erauskin J, Guilera C, Jove M, Naudi A, García-Arumí E, Andreu AL, Starkov AA, Pamplona R, Ferrer I, Portero-Otin M, Pujol A. Oxidative damage compromises energy metabolism in the axonal degeneration mouse model of X-adrenoleukodystrophy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2095-107. [PMID: 21453200 PMCID: PMC3166200 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic metabolic impairment and oxidative stress are associated with the pathogenesis of axonal dysfunction in a growing number of neurodegenerative conditions. To investigate the intertwining of both noxious factors, we have chosen the mouse model of adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), which exhibits axonal degeneration in spinal cords and motor disability. The disease is caused by loss of function of the ABCD1 transporter, involved in the import and degradation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in peroxisomes. Oxidative stress due to VLCFA excess appears early in the neurodegenerative cascade. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate by redox proteomics that oxidative damage to proteins specifically affects five key enzymes of glycolysis and TCA (Tricarboxylic acid) cycle in spinal cords of Abcd1(-) mice and pyruvate kinase in human X-ALD fibroblasts. We also show that NADH and ATP levels are significantly diminished in these samples, together with decrease of pyruvate kinase activities and GSH levels, and increase of NADPH. INNOVATION Treating Abcd1(-) mice with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and α-lipoic acid (LA) prevents protein oxidation; preserves NADH, NADPH, ATP, and GSH levels; and normalizes pyruvate kinase activity, which implies that oxidative stress provoked by VLCFA results in bioenergetic dysfunction, at a presymptomatic stage. CONCLUSION Our results provide mechanistic insight into the beneficial effects of antioxidants and enhance the rationale for translation into clinical trials for X-adrenoleukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Galino
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via 199, Barcelona, Spain
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