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Recent Molecular Genetic Explorations of Caenorhabditis elegans MicroRNAs. Genetics 2018; 209:651-673. [PMID: 29967059 PMCID: PMC6028246 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in essentially all aspects of Caenorhabditis elegans biology. More than 140 genes that encode microRNAs in C. elegans regulate development, behavior, metabolism, and responses to physiological and environmental changes. Genetic analysis of C. elegans microRNA genes continues to enhance our fundamental understanding of how microRNAs are integrated into broader gene regulatory networks to control diverse biological processes, including growth, cell division, cell fate determination, behavior, longevity, and stress responses. As many of these microRNA sequences and the related processing machinery are conserved over nearly a billion years of animal phylogeny, the assignment of their functions via worm genetics may inform the functions of their orthologs in other animals, including humans. In vivo investigations are especially important for microRNAs because in silico extrapolation of their functions using mRNA target prediction programs can easily assign microRNAs to incorrect genetic pathways. At this mezzanine level of microRNA bioinformatic sophistication, genetic analysis continues to be the gold standard for pathway assignments.
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52
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Analysis of the microRNA expression profiles in DEF cells infected with duck Tembusu virus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 63:126-134. [PMID: 29803008 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), belonging to the Flaviviridae family, is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. Since April 2010, the outbreak of DTMUV in southeast provinces of China has caused great economic losses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in viral infection through binding to the host target genes or the viral genomes. To better understanding the molecular mechanisms of virus-host interaction, here we identified the miRNA expression profiles in DTMUV-infected and uninfected DEF cells by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 287 known and 63 novel miRNAs were identified. 48 miRNAs, including 26 known miRNAs and 22 novel miRNAs, were differentially expressed in response to DTMUV infection. Among these miRNAs, 37 miRNAs were up-regulated and 11 miRNAs were down-regulated. 9 miRNAs were randomly selected for validation by qRT-PCR experiment. The results of qRT-PCR experiment were consistent with the sequencing data. GO enrichment showed that the predicted targets of these differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of immune system, cellular process and metabolic process. KEGG pathways analysis showed that predicted target genes were involved in several signaling pathways such as Wnt signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway. This is the first study to evaluate changes of miRNA expression in DEF cells upon DTMUV infection. Our findings provide important clues for better understanding the DTMUV-host interaction.
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53
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Sabir N, Yang L. Regulation of MicroRNAs-Mediated Autophagic Flux: A New Regulatory Avenue for Neurodegenerative Diseases With Focus on Prion Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:139. [PMID: 29867448 PMCID: PMC5962651 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurological disorders affecting various mammalian species including humans. Lack of proper diagnostic tools and non-availability of therapeutic remedies are hindering the control strategies for prion diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant endogenous short non-coding essential RNA molecules that negatively regulate the target genes after transcription. Several biological processes depend on miRNAs, and altered profiles of these miRNAs are potential biomarkers for various neurodegenerative diseases, including prion diseases. Autophagic flux degrades the misfolded prion proteins to reduce chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance cell survival. Recent evidence suggests that specific miRNAs target and regulate the autophagic mechanism, which is critical for alleviating cellular stress. miRNAs-mediated regulation of these specific proteins involved in the autophagy represents a new target with highly significant therapeutic prospects. Here, we will briefly describe the biology of miRNAs, the use of miRNAs as potential biomarkers with their credibility, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in major neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and prion diseases, degradation pathways for aggregated prion proteins, the role of autophagy in prion diseases. Finally, we will discuss the miRNAs-modulated autophagic flux in neurodegenerative diseases and employ them as potential therapeutic intervention strategy in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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54
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Li C, Wang K, Guo L, Sun H, Huang H, Lin X, Li Q. Inhibition of miR-34a-5p alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by enhancing autophagy in steatotic hepatocytes. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/3/bio033290. [PMID: 29581146 PMCID: PMC5898271 DOI: 10.1242/bio.033290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in steatotic hepatocytes has been implicated in liver dysfunction after liver transplantation. MicroRNAs (miRs) play important roles in regulating several cell biology mechanisms related to H/R injury. However, the role of miRs in regulating H/R injury in steatotic hepatocytes is still unclear. We established an in vitro model for studying H/R injury in steatotic hepatocytes and identified miR-34a-5p as a miR that was substantially upregulated in steatotic hepatocytes under H/R challenge. MiR-34a-5p expression was modified by transfecting miR-34a-5p mimic and inhibitor into H/R-challenged steatotic hepatocytes. We found that inhibition of miR-34a-5p alleviated H/R-induced apoptosis and promoted post-H/R proliferation in steatotic hepatocytes. Whereas, overexpression of miR-34a-5p augmented H/R-induced apoptosis and prohibited post-H/R proliferation. By examining autophagy, our data demonstrated that miR-34a-5p suppressed autophagy in H/R-challenged steatotic hepatocytes, induction of autophagy partially rescued the exaggeration of H/R injury induced by miR-34a-5p mimic, while inhibition of autophagy impaired the protection of the miR-34a-5p inhibitor against H/R injury. In conclusion, miR-34a-5p is crucial in exaggerating H/R injury, likely by suppressing autophagy in steatotic hepatocytes. Inhibition of miR-34a may be a promising strategy to protect steatotic hepatocytes against H/R-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China .,Department of Surgery, Linzhi Municipal People's Hospital, Linzhi, Tibet 860100, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Linghong Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - XinXin Lin
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qingping Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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55
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Miya Shaik M, Tamargo IA, Abubakar MB, Kamal MA, Greig NH, Gan SH. The Role of microRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Therapeutic Potentials. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040174. [PMID: 29561798 PMCID: PMC5924516 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by base pairing with mRNA targets. Altered miRNA expression profiles have been observed in several diseases, including neurodegeneration. Multiple studies have reported altered expressions of miRNAs in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as compared to those of healthy elderly adults. Some of the miRNAs found to be dysregulated in AD have been reported to correlate with neuropathological changes, including plaque and tangle accumulation, as well as altered expressions of species that are known to be involved in AD pathology. To examine the potentially pathogenic functions of several dysregulated miRNAs in AD, we review the current literature with a focus on the activities of ten miRNAs in biological pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. Comprehensive understandings of the expression profiles and activities of these miRNAs will illuminate their roles as potential therapeutic targets in AD brain and may lead to the discovery of breakthrough treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munvar Miya Shaik
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Murtala B Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Metabolomics and Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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56
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MicroRNA-34a Suppresses Autophagy in Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells in Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting FoxO3 Expression. Inflammation 2018; 40:927-936. [PMID: 28321785 PMCID: PMC7101993 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive autophagic activity of alveolar type II epithelial (AT-II) cells is one of the main causes of acute lung injury (ALI); however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be determined. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved with autophagy in many diseases. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the relationship between the miRNA expression and the autophagic activity of the AT-II cells in the pathogenesis of ALI and its molecular mechanism. A mouse model of ALI and AT-II cell injury was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo and in vitro, and the expression of miR-34a and the autophagy-related proteins LC3 II/I and p62 were determined. Moreover, the autophagic activity was investigated after miR-34a overexpression and inhibition. The effects of miR-34a on its target gene, FoxO3, in regulating autophagic activity in AT-II cells were also determined. LPS induced autophagic activity and increased the expression of miR-34a in lung tissues and in AT-II cells. The in vitro results showed that the upregulation of miR-34a suppressed, whereas the inhibition of miR-34a promoted, autophagy in AT-II cells. Moreover, miR-34a could directly bind to the 3'-untranslated region of the autophagy-related gene, FoxO3, to decrease its expression. In addition, the knockdown of FoxO3 expression inhibited the autophagic activity in AT-II cells. Together, this study suggested that miR-34a might suppress the excessive autophagic activity in AT-II cells via targeting FoxO3 to reduce the damage of LPS-induced ALI.
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57
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The Role of Free Radicals in Autophagy Regulation: Implications for Ageing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2450748. [PMID: 29682156 PMCID: PMC5846360 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2450748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, resp.) have been traditionally perceived solely as detrimental, leading to oxidative damage of biological macromolecules and organelles, cellular demise, and ageing. However, recent data suggest that ROS/RNS also plays an integral role in intracellular signalling and redox homeostasis (redoxtasis), which are necessary for the maintenance of cellular functions. There is a complex relationship between cellular ROS/RNS content and autophagy, which represents one of the major quality control systems in the cell. In this review, we focus on redox signalling and autophagy regulation with a special interest on ageing-associated changes. In the last section, we describe the role of autophagy and redox signalling in the context of Alzheimer's disease as an example of a prevalent age-related disorder.
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58
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Hu W, Wu J, Jiang W, Tang J. MicroRNAs and Presbycusis. Aging Dis 2018; 9:133-142. [PMID: 29392088 PMCID: PMC5772851 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) is the most universal sensory degenerative disease in elderly people caused by the degeneration of cochlear cells. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in gene regulation in almost every multicellular organism, and control the aging processes. It has been identified that various miRNAs are up- or down-regulated during mammalian aging processes in tissue-specific manners. Most miRNAs bind to specific sites on their target messenger-RNAs (mRNAs) and decrease their expression. Germline mutation may lead to dysregulation of potential miRNAs expression, causing progressive hair cell degeneration and age-related hearing loss. Therapeutic innovations could emerge from a better understanding of diverse function of miRNAs in presbycusis. This review summarizes the relationship between miRNAs and presbycusis, and presents novel miRNAs-targeted strategies against presbycusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Hu
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junwu Wu
- 2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yiwu traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yiwu 322000, China.,3Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- 3Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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59
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Nakamura S, Yoshimori T. Autophagy and Longevity. Mol Cells 2018; 41:65-72. [PMID: 29370695 PMCID: PMC5792715 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved cytoplasmic degradation system in which varieties of materials are sequestered by a double membrane structure, autophagosome, and delivered to the lysosomes for the degradation. Due to the wide varieties of targets, autophagic activity is essential for cellular homeostasis. Recent genetic evidence indicates that autophagy has a crucial role in the regulation of animal lifespan. Basal level of autophagic activity is elevated in many longevity paradigms and the activity is required for lifespan extension. In most cases, genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal function are induced by several transcription factors including HLH-30/TFEB, PHA-4/FOXA and MML-1/Mondo in long-lived animals. Pharmacological treatments have been shown to extend lifespan through activation of autophagy, indicating autophagy could be a potential and promising target to modulate animal lifespan. Here we summarize recent progress regarding the role of autophagy in lifespan regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
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60
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Gendron CM, Pletcher SD. MicroRNAs mir-184 and let-7 alter Drosophila metabolism and longevity. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1434-1438. [PMID: 28963741 PMCID: PMC5676060 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression associated with many complex biological processes. By comparing miRNA expression between long‐lived cohorts of Drosophila melanogaster that were fed a low‐nutrient diet with normal‐lived control animals fed a high‐nutrient diet, we identified miR‐184, let‐7, miR‐125, and miR‐100 as candidate miRNAs involved in modulating aging. We found that ubiquitous, adult‐specific overexpression of these individual miRNAs led to significant changes in fat metabolism and/or lifespan. Most impressively, adult‐specific overexpression of let‐7 in female nervous tissue increased median fly lifespan by ~22%. We provide evidence that this lifespan extension is not due to alterations in nutrient intake or to decreased insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi M. Gendron
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and the Geriatrics Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Scott D. Pletcher
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and the Geriatrics Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
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61
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The Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR in Breast Cancer: Does Autophagy Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112317. [PMID: 29469819 PMCID: PMC5713286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA) plays a critical role in chromatin dynamics through the interaction with histone modifiers resulting in transcriptional gene silencing. The promoter of the HOTAIR gene contains multiple estrogen response elements (EREs) and is transcriptionally activated by estradiol in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. HOTAIR competes with BRCA1, a critical protein in breast cancer and is a critical regulator of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. It mediates an oncogenic action of c-Myc, essential for breast carcinogenesis. The carcinogenic action of HOTAIR was confirmed in breast cancer stem-like cells, in which it was essential for self-renewal and proliferation. Several miRNAs regulate the expression of HOTAIR and HOTAIR interacts with many miRNAs to support cancer transformation. Many studies point at miR-34a as a major component of HOTAIR–miRNAs–cancer cross-talk. The most important role of HOTAIR can be attributed to cancer progression as its overexpression stimulates invasion and metastasis. HOTAIR can regulate autophagy, important for breast cancer cells survival, through the interaction with miRNAs specific for autophagy genes and directly with these genes. The role of HOTAIR-mediated autophagy in breast cancer progression can be underlined by its interaction with matrix metalloproteinases, essential for cancer invasion, and β-catenin can be important for this interaction. Therefore, there are several mechanisms of the interplay between HOTAIR and autophagy important for breast cancer, but further studies are needed to determine more details of this interplay.
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62
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Valera E, Spencer B, Mott J, Trejo M, Adame A, Mante M, Rockenstein E, Troncoso JC, Beach TG, Masliah E, Desplats P. MicroRNA-101 Modulates Autophagy and Oligodendroglial Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation in Multiple System Atrophy. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:329. [PMID: 29089869 PMCID: PMC5650998 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies, neurodegenerative disorders with alpha-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation, are the second leading cause of neurodegeneration in the elderly, however no effective disease-modifying alternatives exist for these diseases. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal synucleinopathy characterized by the accumulation of toxic aggregates of α-syn within oligodendroglial cells, leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration, and the reduction of this accumulation might halt the fast progression of MSA. In this sense, the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in synucleinopathies is yet poorly understood, and the potential of manipulating miRNA levels as a therapeutic tool is underexplored. In this study, we analyzed the levels of miRNAs that regulate the expression of autophagy genes in MSA cases, and investigated the mechanistic correlates of miRNA dysregulation in in vitro models of synucleinopathy. We found that microRNA-101 (miR-101) was significantly increased in the striatum of MSA patients, together with a reduction in the expression of its predicted target gene RAB5A. Overexpression of miR-101 in oligodendroglial cell cultures resulted in a significant increase in α-syn accumulation, along with autophagy deficits. Opposite results were observed upon expression of an antisense construct targeting miR-101. Stereotaxic delivery of a lentiviral construct expressing anti-miR-101 into the striatum of the MBP-α-syn transgenic (tg) mouse model of MSA resulted in reduced oligodendroglial α-syn accumulation and improved autophagy. These results suggest that miRNA dysregulation contributes to MSA pathology, with miR-101 alterations potentially mediating autophagy impairments. Therefore, therapies targeting miR-101 may represent promising approaches for MSA and related neuropathologies with autophagy dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Valera
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Mott
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Margarita Trejo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paula Desplats
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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63
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Pang J, Xiong H, Lin P, Lai L, Yang H, Liu Y, Huang Q, Chen S, Ye Y, Sun Y, Zheng Y. Activation of miR-34a impairs autophagic flux and promotes cochlear cell death via repressing ATG9A: implications for age-related hearing loss. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3079. [PMID: 28981097 PMCID: PMC5680584 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss is a major unresolved public health problem. We have previously elucidated that the activation of cochlear miR-34a is correlated with age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6 mice. A growing body of evidence points that aberrant autophagy promotes cell death during the development of multiple age-related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-34a-involved disorder of autophagy in the pathogenesis of age-related hearing loss. Our results showed that miR-34a expression was markedly upregulated in the aging cochlea accompanied with impairment of autophagic flux. In the inner ear HEI-OC1 cell line, miR-34a overexpression resulted in an accumulation of phagophores and impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and led to cell death subsequently. Notably, autophagy-related protein 9A (ATG9A), an autophagy protein, was significantly decreased after miR-34a overexpression. Knockdown of ATG9A inhibited autophagy flux, which is similar to the effects of miR-34a overexpression. Moreover, ursodeoxycholic acid significantly rescued miR-34a-induced HEI-OC1 cell death by restoring autophagy activity. Collectively, these findings increase our understanding of the biological effects of miR-34a in the development of age-related hearing loss and highlight miR-34a as a promising therapeutic target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiliang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haidi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suijun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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64
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Regulation of longevity by FGF21: Interaction between energy metabolism and stress responses. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:79-93. [PMID: 28552719 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone-like member of FGF family which controls metabolic multiorgan crosstalk enhancing energy expenditure through glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, FGF21 acts as a stress hormone induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysfunctions of mitochondria and autophagy in several tissues. FGF21 also controls stress responses and metabolism by modulating the functions of somatotropic axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway. FGF21 is a potent longevity factor coordinating interactions between energy metabolism and stress responses. Recent studies have revealed that FGF21 treatment can alleviate many age-related metabolic disorders, e.g. atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and some cardiovascular diseases. In addition, transgenic mice overexpressing FGF21 have an extended lifespan. However, chronic metabolic and stress-related disorders involving inflammatory responses can provoke FGF21 resistance and thus disturb healthy aging process. First, we will describe the role of FGF21 in interorgan energy metabolism and explain how its functions as a stress hormone can improve healthspan. Next, we will examine both the induction of FGF21 expression via the integrated stress response and the molecular mechanism through which FGF21 enhances healthy aging. Finally, we postulate that FGF21 resistance, similarly to insulin resistance, jeopardizes human healthspan and accelerates the aging process.
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65
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Guo Y, Li P, Gao L, Zhang J, Yang Z, Bledsoe G, Chang E, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin reduces vascular senescence and aging by regulating microRNA-34a-SIRT1 pathway. Aging Cell 2017; 16:837-846. [PMID: 28544111 PMCID: PMC5506400 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, an endogenous protein, protects against vascular injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in hypertensive rats and enhancing the mobility and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We aimed to determine the role and mechanism of kallistatin in vascular senescence and aging using cultured EPCs, streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice, and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Human kallistatin significantly decreased TNF‐α‐induced cellular senescence in EPCs, as indicated by reduced senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 expression, and elevated telomerase activity. Kallistatin blocked TNF‐α‐induced superoxide levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and p16INK4a synthesis. Kallistatin prevented TNF‐α‐mediated inhibition of SIRT1, eNOS, and catalase, and directly stimulated the expression of these antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, kallistatin inhibited miR‐34a synthesis, whereas miR‐34a overexpression abolished kallistatin‐induced antioxidant gene expression and antisenescence activity. Kallistatin via its active site inhibited miR‐34a, and stimulated SIRT1 and eNOS synthesis in EPCs, which was abolished by genistein, indicating an event mediated by tyrosine kinase. Moreover, kallistatin administration attenuated STZ‐induced aortic senescence, oxidative stress, and miR‐34a and miR‐21 synthesis, and increased SIRT1, eNOS, and catalase levels in diabetic mice. Furthermore, kallistatin treatment reduced superoxide formation and prolonged wild‐type C. elegans lifespan under oxidative or heat stress, although kallistatin's protective effect was abolished in miR‐34 or sir‐2.1 (SIRT1 homolog) mutant C. elegans. Kallistatin inhibited miR‐34, but stimulated sir‐2.1 and sod‐3 synthesis in C. elegans. These in vitro and in vivo studies provide significant insights into the role and mechanism of kallistatin in vascular senescence and aging by regulating miR‐34a‐SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Jingmei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; School of Biological Sciences; University of Missouri-Kansas City; Kansas City Missouri
| | - Eugene Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; College of Medicine; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
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66
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Williams J, Smith F, Kumar S, Vijayan M, Reddy PH. Are microRNAs true sensors of ageing and cellular senescence? Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:350-363. [PMID: 27903442 PMCID: PMC5357446 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
All living beings are programmed to death due to aging and age-related processes. Aging is a normal process of every living species. While all cells are inevitably progressing towards death, many disease processes accelerate the aging process, leading to senescence. Pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and skin diseases have been associated with deregulated aging. Healthy aging can delay onset of all age-related diseases. Genetics and epigenetics are reported to play large roles in accelerating and/or delaying the onset of age-related diseases. Cellular mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases are not completely understood. However, recent molecular biology discoveries have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential sensors of aging and cellular senescence. Due to miRNAs capability to bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA of specific genes, miRNAs can prevent the translation of specific genes. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent advancements in miRNAs and their involvement in cellular changes in aging and senescence. Our article discusses the current understanding of cellular senescence, its interplay with miRNAs regulation, and how they both contribute to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Williams
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Flint Smith
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neuroscience & Pharmacology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States.
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67
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Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a catabolic process that is widely found in nature. Over the past few decades, mounting evidence has indicated that noncoding RNAs, ranging from small noncoding RNAs to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and even circular RNAs (circRNAs), mediate the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes by participating in autophagy regulatory networks. The differential expression of noncoding RNAs affects autophagy levels at different physiological and pathological stages, including embryonic proliferation and differentiation, cellular senescence, and even diseases such as cancer. We summarize the current knowledge regarding noncoding RNA dysregulation in autophagy and investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying noncoding RNA involvement in autophagy regulatory networks. Then, we integrate public resources to predict autophagy-related noncoding RNAs across species and discuss strategies for and the challenges of identifying autophagy-related noncoding RNAs. This article will deepen our understanding of the relationship between noncoding RNAs and autophagy, and provide new insights to specifically target noncoding RNAs in autophagy-associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China,CONTACT Da Pang ; Shouping Xu Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, China 150040
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China,CONTACT Da Pang ; Shouping Xu Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, China 150040
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research reveals cardiac regeneration exists at levels previously deemed unattainable. Clinical trials using stem cells demonstrate promising cardiomyogenic and regenerative potential but insufficient contractile recovery. Incomplete understanding of the biology of administered cells likely contributes to inconsistent patient outcomes. Metabolism is a core component of many well-characterized stem cell types, and metabolic changes fundamentally alter stem cell fate from self-renewal to lineage commitment, and vice versa. However, the metabolism of stem cells currently studied for cardiac regeneration remains incompletely understood. Areas covered: Key metabolic features of stem cells are reviewed and unique stem cell metabolic characteristics are discussed. Metabolic changes altering stem cell fate are considered from quiescence and self-renewal to lineage commitment. Key metabolic concepts are applied toward examining cardiac regeneration through stem cell-based approaches, and clinical implications of current cell therapies are evaluated to identify potential areas of improvement. Expert commentary: The metabolism and biology of stem cells used for cardiac therapy remain poorly characterized. A growing appreciation for the fundamental relationship between stem cell functionality and metabolic phenotype is developing. Future studies unraveling links between cardiac stem cell metabolism and regenerative potential may considerably improve treatment strategies and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter A Kubli
- a San Diego State University , Integrated Regenerative Research Institute , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- a San Diego State University , Integrated Regenerative Research Institute , San Diego , CA , USA
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69
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Basavaraju M, de Lencastre A. Alzheimer's disease: presence and role of microRNAs. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:241-52. [PMID: 27505094 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for the most cases of dementia. AD affects more than 25 million people globally and is predicted to affect nearly one in 85 people worldwide by 2050. AD is characterized by the accumulation of dense plaques of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau that cause impairment in memory, cognition, and daily activities. Although early-onset AD has been linked to several mutations, reliable genetic markers for late-onset AD are lacking. Further, the diagnosis of AD biomarkers has its limitations and cannot detect early-stage AD. The identification of accurate, early, and non-invasive biomarkers for AD is, therefore, an unmet challenge. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of gene regulatory elements with conserved roles in development and disease. Recent discoveries have uncovered roles of miRNAs in several model organisms during aging and have identified potential miRNAs biomarkers of AD. Here we will discuss this emerging field of miRNAs associated with AD and prospects for the future.
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70
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Investigating the specific core genetic-and-epigenetic networks of cellular mechanisms involved in human aging in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:8556-79. [PMID: 26895224 PMCID: PMC4890987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable part of life for humans, and slowing down the aging process has become a main focus of human endeavor. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to construct protein-protein interaction networks, gene regulatory networks, and epigenetic networks, i.e. genetic and epigenetic networks (GENs), of elderly individuals and young controls. We then compared these GENs to extract aging mechanisms using microarray data in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, microRNA (miRNA) data, and database mining. The core GENs of elderly individuals and young controls were obtained by applying principal network projection to GENs based on Principal Component Analysis. By comparing the core networks, we identified that to overcome the accumulated mutation of genes in the aging process the transcription factor JUN can be activated by stress signals, including the MAPK signaling, T-cell receptor signaling, and neurotrophin signaling pathways through DNA methylation of BTG3, G0S2, and AP2B1 and the regulations of mir-223 let-7d, and mir-130a. We also address the aging mechanisms in old men and women. Furthermore, we proposed that drugs designed to target these DNA methylated genes or miRNAs may delay aging. A multiple drug combination comprising phenylalanine, cholesterol, and palbociclib was finally designed for delaying the aging process.
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71
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Reddy P, Williams J, Smith F, Bhatti J, Kumar S, Vijayan M, Kandimalla R, Kuruva C, Wang R, Manczak M, Yin X, Reddy A. MicroRNAs, Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Alzheimer's Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 146:127-171. [PMID: 28253983 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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72
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Isik M, Blackwell TK, Berezikov E. MicroRNA mir-34 provides robustness to environmental stress response via the DAF-16 network in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36766. [PMID: 27905558 PMCID: PMC5131338 DOI: 10.1038/srep36766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse stresses and aging alter expression levels of microRNAs, suggesting a role for these posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in stress modulation and longevity. Earlier studies demonstrated a central role for the miR-34 family in promoting cell cycle arrest and cell death following stress in human cells. However, the biological significance of this response was unclear. Here we show that in C. elegans mir-34 upregulation is necessary for developmental arrest, correct morphogenesis, and adaptation to a lower metabolic state to protect animals against stress-related damage. Either deletion or overexpression of mir-34 lead to an impaired stress response, which can largely be explained by perturbations in DAF-16/FOXO target gene expression. We demonstrate that mir-34 expression is regulated by the insulin signaling pathway via a negative feedback loop between miR-34 and DAF-16/FOXO. We propose that mir-34 provides robustness to stress response programs by controlling noise in the DAF-16/FOXO-regulated gene network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Isik
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Harvard Medical School Department of Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - T Keith Blackwell
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Harvard Medical School Department of Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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73
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The Role of Autophagy in the Maintenance of Stemness and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:621-633. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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74
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Gan J, Qu Y, Li J, Zhao F, Mu D. An evaluation of the links between microRNA, autophagy, and epilepsy. Rev Neurosci 2016; 26:225-37. [PMID: 25719305 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a serious chronic neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal and highly synchronous neuronal discharges within the brain. Small noncoding RNAs, called microRNAs, play vital roles in epileptogenesis, with potential contributions as valuable biomarkers and targets for the treatment of epilepsy. To maintain cellular homeostasis, cellular components, such as organelles, proteins, protein complexes/oligomers, and pathogens, are delivered to the lysosome for degradation through a process called autophagy, which plays either a protective or a harmful role under epileptic stress. Several autophagic mechanisms have been implicated in epileptogenesis, including the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, aberrant substrate accumulation, and the formation of epileptic networks. In addition, the regulation of autophagy through microRNAs (miRNAs) represents a novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism through 'autophagamiRNAs'. The correlation between autophagy and miRNA has increased our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of human diseases. Here, we review the current findings regarding the correlations between miRNA, autophagy, and epilepsy to provide a solid foundation for further examination of the miRNA-autophagy pathway involved in epilepsy pathophysiology.
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75
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Ju-Rong Y, Ke-Hong C, Kun H, Bi-Qiong F, Li-Rong L, Jian-Guo Z, Kai-Long L, Ya-Ni H. Transcription Factor Trps1 Promotes Tubular Cell Proliferation after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through cAMP-Specific 3',5'-Cyclic Phosphodiesterase 4D and AKT. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:532-544. [PMID: 27466160 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal 1 (Trps1) is a transcription factor essential for epithelial cell morphogenesis during kidney development, but the role of Trps1 in AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) remains unclear. Our study investigated Trps1 expression during kidney repair after acute I/R in rats and explored the molecular mechanisms by which Trps1 promotes renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation. Trps1 expression positively associated with the extent of renal repair after I/R injury. Compared with wild-type rats, rats with knockdown of Trps1 exhibited significantly delayed renal repair in the moderate I/R model, with lower GFR levels and more severe morphologic injury, whereas rats overexpressing Trps1 exhibited significantly accelerated renal repair after severe I/R injury. Additionally, knockdown of Trps1 inhibited and overexpression of Trps1 enhanced the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing assays and RT-PCR revealed that Trps1 regulated cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D (Pde4d) expression. Knockdown of Trps1 decreased the renal protein expression of Pde4d and phosphorylated Akt in rats, and dual luciferase analysis showed that Trps1 directly activated Pde4d transcription. Furthermore, knockdown of Pde4d or treatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitor wortmannin significantly inhibited Trps1-induced tubular cell proliferation in vitro Trps1 may promote tubular cell proliferation through the Pde4d/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting Trps1 as a potential therapeutic target for kidney repair after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ju-Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Chen Ke-Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Huang Kun
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Fu Bi-Qiong
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Lin Li-Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Zhang Jian-Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Li Kai-Long
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - He Ya-Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and .,Department of Nephrology, People's Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
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76
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Zhu Z, Zhang D, Lee H, Jin Y. Caenorhabditis elegans: An important tool for dissecting microRNA functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:34-36. [PMID: 28529981 DOI: 10.15761/bgg.1000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a member of the phylum Nematoda, carries the evolutionarily conserved genes comparing to mammals. Due to its short lifespan and completely sequenced genome, C. elegans becomes a potentially powerful model for mechanistic studies in human diseases. In this mini review, we will outline the current understandings on C. elegans as a model organism for microRNA (miRNA)-related research in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
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77
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Hao Y, Zhou Q, Ma J, Zhao Y, Wang S. miR-146a is upregulated during retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid aging in mice and represses IL-6 and VEGF-A expression in RPE cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27917303 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9570.1000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) has been proposed as a marker for age-associated inflammation, or "inflammaging", acting as a negative regulator of cellular senescence and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. However, the regulation and function of miR-146 during ocular aging remains unclear. Here we propose that miR-146 is regulated during aging of the retina and choroid, and functions in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to regulate key genes involved in inflammation and angiogenesis. METHODS The expression of miR-146a and miR-146b was examined in the neuroretina and RPE/choroid in mice aged from 2 months to 24 months. Then, the effect of synthetic miR-146a mimetic on IL-6 and VEGF-A expression was analyzed in RPE cells treated with and without TNF-α. RESULTS miR-146a and miR-146b was upregulated during aging of RPE/choroid but not neuroretina, supporting tissue-specific regulation of aging-related miRNAs in retinal tissues. Overexpression of miR-146a by miRNA mimics inhibited VEGF-A and TNF-α-induced IL-6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of miR-146a and miR-146b in the aging RPE/choroid but not neuroretina suggests a role for miRNAs in inflammaging in the RPE/choroid. miR-146a overexpression inhibits the expression IL-6 and VEGF-A in the RPE cells, supporting a negative feedback regulation mechanism by which inflammatory pathways may be dysregulated in RPE during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hao
- Fushun Ophthalmology Hospital, Fushun, Liaoning Province, 113006, China
| | - Qinbo Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
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78
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Li T, Yan X, Jiang M, Xiang L. The comparison of microRNA profile of the dermis between the young and elderly. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 82:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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79
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Lapierre LR, Kumsta C, Sandri M, Ballabio A, Hansen M. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of autophagy in aging. Autophagy 2016; 11:867-80. [PMID: 25836756 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1034410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a major intracellular degradation process recognized as playing a central role in cell survival and longevity. This multistep process is extensively regulated at several levels, including post-translationally through the action of conserved longevity factors such as the nutrient sensor TOR. More recently, transcriptional regulation of autophagy genes has emerged as an important mechanism for ensuring the somatic maintenance and homeostasis necessary for a long life span. Autophagy is increased in many long-lived model organisms and contributes significantly to their longevity. In turn, conserved transcription factors, particularly the helix-loop-helix transcription factor TFEB and the forkhead transcription factor FOXO, control the expression of many autophagy-related genes and are important for life-span extension. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the contribution of these transcription factors to macroautophagy regulation in the context of aging. We also review current research on epigenetic changes, such as histone modification by the deacetylase SIRT1, that influence autophagy-related gene expression and additionally affect aging. Understanding the molecular regulation of macroautophagy in relation to aging may offer new avenues for the treatment of age-related diseases.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Atg, autophagy related
- BNIP3, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3
- CaN, calcineurin; HDAC, histone deacetylase
- FOXO
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MITF, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
- PDPK1/2, 3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase 1/2
- PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
- SIRT1
- TFEB
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TOR, target of rapamycin
- TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex
- UVRAG, UV radiation resistance associated.
- acetyl-CoA, acetyl coenzyme A
- autophagy
- epigenetics
- longevity
- miRNA
- transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis R Lapierre
- a Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute ; La Jolla , CA USA
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Yu J, Lou Y, He K, Yang S, Yu W, Han L, Zhao A. Goose broodiness is involved in granulosa cell autophagy and homeostatic imbalance of follicular hormones. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1156-64. [PMID: 26908882 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Broodiness is observed in most domestic fowls and influences egg production. The goose is one of the most important waterfowls, having strong broody behavior. However, whether autophagy and follicular internal environment play a role in the broodiness behavior of goose is unknown. In this report, we analyzed the follicular internal environment and granulosa cell autophagy of goose follicles. The results show that the contents of hormones, including prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), and estradiol (E2), increased in broody goose follicles. Most importantly, the level of granulosa cell autophagy in broody goose follicles was elevated, detected by electron microscopy and western blotting. Also, the expressions of positive regulators of autophagy, including miR-7, miR-29, miR-100, miR-181, PRLR, LC3, p53,Beclin1, Atg9, and Atg12, were up-regulated and the expressions of negative regulators of autophagy, including miR-34b and miR-34c, were down-regulated in broody goose follicles. Our results suggest that goose broodiness is involved in increased granulosa cell autophagy and homeostasis imbalance of internal environment in the follicles. This work contributes to our knowledge of goose broodiness and may influence egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yaping Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Ke He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Songbai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Wensai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Ayong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
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81
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Basak I, Patil KS, Alves G, Larsen JP, Møller SG. microRNAs as neuroregulators, biomarkers and therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:811-27. [PMID: 26608596 PMCID: PMC11108480 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has experienced the emergence of microRNAs as a key molecular tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of human diseases. Although the focus has mostly been on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases present an exciting, yet less explored, platform for microRNA research. Several studies have highlighted the significance of microRNAs in neurogenesis and neurodegeneration, and pre-clinical studies have shown the potential of microRNAs as biomarkers. Despite this, no bona fide microRNAs have been identified as true diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease. This is mainly due to the lack of precisely defined patient cohorts and the variability within and between individual cohorts. However, the discovery that microRNAs exist as stable molecules at detectable levels in body fluids has opened up new avenues for microRNAs as potential biomarker candidates. Furthermore, technological developments in microRNA biology have contributed to the possible design of microRNA-mediated disease intervention strategies. The combination of these advancements, with the availability of well-defined longitudinal patient cohort, promises to not only assist in developing invaluable diagnostic tools for clinicians, but also to increase our overall understanding of the underlying heterogeneity of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge of microRNAs in neurodegeneration and provide a perspective of the applicability of microRNAs as a basis for future therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Basak
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Ketan S Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Guido Alves
- Norwegian Center for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Petter Larsen
- Norwegian Center for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Simon Geir Møller
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, New York, NY, 11439, USA.
- Norwegian Center for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.
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82
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Methylation-induced silencing of miR-34a enhances chemoresistance by directly upregulating ATG4B-induced autophagy through AMPK/mTOR pathway in prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:64-72. [PMID: 26499184 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-34a is downregulated and a regulator of drug resistance in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the mechanism of miR-34a in chemoresistance of PCa remains largely unknown. In the present study, we first confirmed the hypermethylation‑induced downregulation of miR-34a in PCa tissues and cell lines, PC-3 and DU145. Additionally, transfection of miR-34a mimics and demethylation by 5-azacytidine both resulted in the upregulation of miR-34a expression, which further induced declined cell proliferation and the enhanced apoptosis in PCa cells. Upregulation of miR-34a enhanced the chemosensitivity of PC-3 and DU145 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-34a reduced the expression of autophagy-related proteins, ATG4B, Beclin-1 and LC3B II/I in PCa cells and demethylation treatment showed similar effect. ATG4B was confirmed directly by miR-34a targeting in PCa. Finally, downregulated p-AMPK and upregulated p-mTOR were detected in miR-34a overexpressed PCa cells. Collectively, miR-34a enhances chemosensitivity by directly downregulating ATG4B-induced autophagy through AMPK/mTOR pathway in PCa.
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83
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Liu XJ, Hong Q, Wang Z, Yu YY, Zou X, Xu LH. MicroRNA-34a Suppresses Autophagy in Tubular Epithelial Cells in Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Nephrol 2015; 42:168-75. [PMID: 26406385 DOI: 10.1159/000439185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is traditionally described as a condition leading to rapid damage to kidney function, eventually becoming a significant healthcare concern with a high mortality rate. Autophagy deficiency in the tubular epithelial cells is the main cause of AKI; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be defined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are related to autophagy in many diseases. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between miRNA expression and autophagic activity in the pathogenesis of AKI. METHODS A mouse model of AKI was produced by ischemia reperfusion (I/R). The expressions of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and the autophagy-related protein LC3 II/I and p62 were determined in renal tissues and the tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). Moreover, the autophagic activity was investigated after miR-34a overexpression and inhibition. Additionally, the effect of miR-34a on its target gene in regulating autophagic activity in RTECs was also investigated. RESULTS I/R suppressed the autophagic activity and increased the expression of miR-34a in renal tissues. The in vitro data showed that the upregulation of miR-34a suppressed, whereas the inhibition of miR-34a promoted, autophagy in RTECs. Moreover, miR-34a could directly bind to Atg4B 3'-untranslated region. In addition, the knockdown of Atg4B expression inhibited the autophagic activity in RTECs. CONCLUSION This study indicated that miR-34a might regulate the autophagic activity and can cause injury in I/R RTECs via targeting Atg4B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The 94th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, The Changcheng Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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84
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Sui X, Zhu J, Zhou J, Wang X, Li D, Han W, Fang Y, Pan H. Epigenetic modifications as regulatory elements of autophagy in cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 360:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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85
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Wu H, He YH, Xu TR, Kong QP. Absence of mutation in miR-34a gene in a Chinese longevity population. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 36:112-4. [PMID: 25855231 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2015.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China;State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Han He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
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86
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Feng Y, Yao Z, Klionsky DJ. How to control self-digestion: transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation of autophagy. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:354-63. [PMID: 25759175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), literally defined as a type of self-eating, is a dynamic cellular process in which cytoplasm is sequestered within a unique compartment termed the phagophore. Upon completion, the phagophore matures into a double-membrane autophagosome that fuses with the lysosome or vacuole, allowing degradation of the cargo. Nonselective autophagy is primarily a cytoprotective response to various types of stress; however, the process can also be highly selective. Autophagy is involved in various aspects of cell physiology, and its dysregulation is associated with a range of diseases. The regulation of autophagy is complex, and the process must be properly modulated to maintain cellular homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge concerning transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation of autophagy in yeast and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Feng
- Life Sciences Institute and the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Life Sciences Institute and the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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87
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Abstract
The mir-34 family was originally cloned and characterized in 2007 as a p53 target gene. Almost immediately it became clear that its major role is as a master regulator of tumor suppression. Indeed, when overexpressed, it directly and indirectly represses several oncogenes, resulting in an increase of cancer cell death (including cancer stem cells), and in an inhibition of metastasis. Moreover, its expression is deregulated in several human cancers. In 2013, a miR-34 mimic has become the first microRNA to reach phase 1 clinical trials. Here we review the miR-34 family and their role in tumor biology, and discuss the potential therapeutic applications of miR-34a mimic.
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88
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-digestion process for the quality control of intracellular entities in eukaryotes. In the past few years, mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs)-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression represents an integral part of the autophagy regulatory network and may have a substantial effect on autophagy-related physiological and pathological conditions including cancer. Herein, we examine some of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs manipulate the autophagic machinery to maintain cellular homeostasis and their biological outputs during cancer development. A better understanding of interaction between miRNAs and cellular autophagy may ultimately benefit future cancer diagnostic and anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chengyu Liang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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89
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Jenzer C, Simionato E, Legouis R. Tools and methods to analyze autophagy in C. elegans. Methods 2014; 75:162-71. [PMID: 25484340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, autophagy has been mainly studied in yeast or mammalian cell lines, and assays for analyzing autophagy in these models have been well described. More recently, the involvement of autophagy in various physiological functions has been investigated in multicellular organisms. Modification of autophagy flux is involved in developmental processes, resistance to stress conditions, aging, cell death and multiple pathologies. So, the use of animal models is essential to understand these processes in the context of different cell types and during the whole life. For ten years, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a powerful model to analyze autophagy in physiological or pathological contexts. In this article, we present some of the established approaches and the emerging tools available to monitor and manipulate autophagy in C. elegans, and discuss their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Jenzer
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3404, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Elena Simionato
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3404, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Renaud Legouis
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3404, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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90
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular compartment that has a key function in protein translation and folding. Maintaining its integrity is of fundamental importance for organism's physiology and viability. The dynamic regulation of intraluminal ER Ca(2+) concentration directly influences the activity of ER-resident chaperones and stress response pathways that balance protein load and folding capacity. We review the emerging evidence that microRNAs play important roles in adjusting these processes to frequently changing intracellular and environmental conditions to modify ER Ca(2+) handling and storage and maintain ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Finger
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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91
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The mitochondrial genome in aging and senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 18:1-15. [PMID: 25042573 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in organism functions due to the impairment of all organs. The deterioration of both proliferative tissues in liver, skin and the vascular system, as well as of largely post-mitotic organs, such as the heart and brain could be attributed at least in part to cell senescence. In this review we examine the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA mutations in cell aging and senescence. Specifically, we address how p53 and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity switch their roles from cytoprotective to detrimental and also examine the role of microRNAs in cell aging. The proposed role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), both as mutating agents and as signalling molecules, underlying these processes is also described.
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92
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Qiu L, Zhang W, Tan EK, Zeng L. Deciphering the function and regulation of microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:884-94. [PMID: 25210999 DOI: 10.1021/cn500149w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single stranded, noncoding RNA molecules that are encoded by eukaryotic nuclear DNA. miRNAs function through imperfect base-pairing with complementary sequences of target mRNA molecules, which is typically via the cleavage of target mRNA with transcriptional repression or translational degradation. An increasing number of studies identified dysregulation of miRNAs in neurodegenerative disease and suggest that alterations in the miRNA regulatory pathway could contribute to the disease pathogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological implications of dysregulated miRNA expression and regulation of the key genes that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases remain largely unknown. Here, we review the evidence for the functional role of dysregulated miRNAs involved in disease pathogenesis, as well as how miRNAs govern neuronal functions either upstream or downstream of target genes that are disease pathogenic factors. Furthermore, we review the cellular feedback regulation between miRNAs and target genes in neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Qiu
- Neural
Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neural
Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department
of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, SGH Campus, 169856, Singapore
- Research
Department, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural
Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore
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93
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Jing Z, Han W, Sui X, Xie J, Pan H. Interaction of autophagy with microRNAs and their potential therapeutic implications in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:332-8. [PMID: 25304373 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated intracellular self-digestive process involving the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic organelles and proteins. A number of studies have shown that autophagy is dysregulated in cancer initiation and progression, or cancer cells under various stress conditions. As a catabolic pathway conserved among eukaryotes, autophagy is regulated by the autophagy related genes and pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding endogenous RNAs that may regulate almost every cellular process including autophagy. And autophagy is also involved in the regulation of miRNAs expression and homeostasis. Here we reviewed some literatures on the interaction of miRNAs with autophagy and the application of miRNAs-mediated autophagic networks as a promising target in pre-clinical cancer models. Furthermore, strategies of miRNAs delivery for miRNAs-based anti-cancer therapy will also be summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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94
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Smith-Vikos T, de Lencastre A, Inukai S, Shlomchik M, Holtrup B, Slack FJ. MicroRNAs mediate dietary-restriction-induced longevity through PHA-4/FOXA and SKN-1/Nrf transcription factors. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2238-46. [PMID: 25242029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to prolong longevity across diverse taxa, yet the mechanistic relationship between DR and longevity remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control aging-related functions such as metabolism and lifespan through regulation of genes in insulin signaling, mitochondrial respiration, and protein homeostasis. RESULTS We have conducted a network analysis of aging-associated miRNAs connected to transcription factors PHA-4/FOXA and SKN-1/Nrf, which are both necessary for DR-induced lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our network analysis has revealed extensive regulatory interactions between PHA-4, SKN-1, and miRNAs and points to two aging-associated miRNAs, miR-71 and miR-228, as key nodes of this network. We show that miR-71 and miR-228 are critical for the response to DR in C. elegans. DR induces the expression of miR-71 and miR-228, and the regulation of these miRNAs depends on PHA-4 and SKN-1. In turn, we show that PHA-4 and SKN-1 are negatively regulated by miR-228, whereas miR-71 represses PHA-4. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we have discovered new links in an important pathway connecting DR to aging. By interacting with PHA-4 and SKN-1, miRNAs transduce the effect of dietary-restriction-mediated lifespan extension in C. elegans. Given the conservation of miRNAs, PHA-4, and SKN-1 across phylogeny, these interactions are likely to be conserved in more-complex species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalyana Smith-Vikos
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alexandre de Lencastre
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sachi Inukai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mariel Shlomchik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Brandon Holtrup
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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95
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Non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 17:79-85. [PMID: 24491506 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The increasing burden of ageing populations and their healthcare expenditure is a major challenge worldwide. Ageing is a complex disorder and can be defined as progressive decline in function with time leading to increased incidence of various cardiovascular, neurological and immunological diseases. The human genome comprises of many protein coding and even more non-coding RNA genes. MicroRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA, regulate the expression of multiple messenger RNAs post-transcriptionally and are reported to be involved in crucial aspects of cell biology encompassing ageing. Recently, several studies have reported the regulation of microRNAs with ageing and microRNAs like miR-34 have emerged as critical regulator of ageing extending from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals. Here, we summarize the reported role of microRNAs as well as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the process of ageing with a special emphasis on cardiovascular ageing.
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96
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Zhou G, Wang T, Lou Y, Cheng J, Zhang H, Xu JH. Identification and characterization of microRNAs in small brown planthopper (Laodephax striatellus) by next-generation sequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103041. [PMID: 25057821 PMCID: PMC4109989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are thought to play critical roles in many metabolic activities in eukaryotes. The small brown planthopper (Laodephax striatellus Fallén), one of the most destructive agricultural pests, causes great damage to crops including rice, wheat, and maize. However, information about the genome of L. striatellus is limited. In this study, a small RNA library was constructed from a mixed L. striatellus population and sequenced by Solexa sequencing technology. A total of 501 mature miRNAs were identified, including 227 conserved and 274 novel miRNAs belonging to 125 and 250 families, respectively. Sixty-nine conserved miRNAs that are included in 38 families are predicted to have an RNA secondary structure typically found in miRNAs. Many miRNAs were validated by stem-loop RT-PCR. Comparison with the miRNAs in 84 animal species from miRBase showed that the conserved miRNA families we identified are highly conserved in the Arthropoda phylum. Furthermore, miRanda predicted 2701 target genes for 378 miRNAs, which could be categorized into 52 functional groups annotated by gene ontology. The function of miRNA target genes was found to be very similar between conserved and novel miRNAs. This study of miRNAs in L. striatellus will provide new information and enhance the understanding of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of L. striatellus metabolism and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Zhou
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingzhang Wang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia'an Cheng
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengmu Zhang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (JHX)
| | - Jian-Hong Xu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (JHX)
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MicroRNA-34a Modulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation by Regulating Expression of Synaptic and Autophagic Proteins. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1168-83. [PMID: 24973144 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the involvement of specific apoptosis-associated microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-34a, in mouse neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation. In addition, a growing body of evidence points to a critical role for autophagy during neuronal differentiation, as a response-survival mechanism to limit oxidative stress and regulate synaptogenesis associated with this process. The aim of this study was to further investigate the precise role of miR-34a during NSC differentiation. Our results showed that miR-34a expression was markedly downregulated during neurogenesis. Neuronal differentiation and cell morphology, synapse function, and electrophysiological maturation were significantly impaired in miR-34a-overexpressing NSCs. In addition, synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) and autophagy-related 9a (Atg9a) significantly increased during neurogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy impaired both neuronal differentiation and cell morphology. Notably, we showed that Syt1 and Atg9a are miR-34a targets in neural differentiation context, markedly decreasing after miR-34a overexpression. Syt1 overexpression and rapamycin-induced autophagy partially rescued the impairment of neuronal differentiation by miR-34a. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a novel role for miR-34a regulation of NSC differentiation, where miR-34a downregulation and subsequent increase of Syt1 and Atg9a appear to be crucial for neurogenesis progression.
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98
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Rokavec M, Li H, Jiang L, Hermeking H. The p53/miR-34 axis in development and disease. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 6:214-30. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mju003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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99
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Huang J, Sun W, Huang H, Ye J, Pan W, Zhong Y, Cheng C, You X, Liu B, Xiong L, Liu S. miR-34a modulates angiotensin II-induced myocardial hypertrophy by direct inhibition of ATG9A expression and autophagic activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94382. [PMID: 24728149 PMCID: PMC3984180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by thickening myocardium and decreasing in heart chamber volume in response to mechanical or pathological stress, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be defined. This study investigated altered miRNA expression and autophagic activity in pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. A rat model of myocardial hypertrophy was used and confirmed by heart morphology, induction of cardiomyocyte autophagy, altered expression of autophagy-related ATG9A, LC3 II/I and p62 proteins, and decrease in miR-34a expression. The in vitro data showed that in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes induced by Ang II, miR-34a expression was downregulated, whereas ATG9A expression was up-regulated. Moreover, miR-34a was able to bind to ATG9A 3'-UTR, but not to the mutated 3'-UTR and inhibited ATG9A protein expression and autophagic activity. The latter was evaluated by autophagy-related LC3 II/I and p62 levels, TEM, and flow cytometry in rat cardiomyocytes. In addition, ATG9A expression induced either by treatment of rat cardiomyocytes with Ang II or ATG9A cDNA transfection upregulated autophagic activity and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in both morphology and expression of hypertrophy-related genes (i.e., ANP and β-MHC), whereas knockdown of ATG9A expression downregulated autophagic activity and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, miR-34a antagonized Ang II-stimulated myocardial hypertrophy, whereas inhibition of miR-34a expression aggravated Ang II-stimulated myocardial hypertrophy (such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy-related ANP and β-MHC expression and cardiomyocyte morphology). This study indicates that miR-34a plays a role in regulation of Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inhibition of ATG9A expression and autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jionghua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanfang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu You
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benrong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longgen Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (SL)
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (SL)
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100
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Nikoletopoulou V, Kyriakakis E, Tavernarakis N. Cellular and molecular longevity pathways: the old and the new. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:212-23. [PMID: 24388148 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human lifespan has been increasing steadily during modern times, mainly due to medical advancements that combat infant mortality and various life-threatening diseases. However, this gratifying longevity rise is accompanied by growing incidences of devastating age-related pathologies. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie aging and regulate longevity is of utmost relevance towards offsetting the impact of age-associated disorders and increasing the quality of life for the elderly. Several evolutionarily conserved pathways that modulate lifespan have been identified in organisms ranging from yeast to primates. Here we survey recent findings highlighting the interplay of various genetic, epigenetic, and cell-specific factors, and also symbiotic relationships, as longevity determinants. We further discuss outstanding matters within the framework of emerging, integrative views of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Nikoletopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Kyriakakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.
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