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Associations Between Bicycling and Reduced Fall-Related Physical Performance in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:514-519. [PMID: 29182418 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Falls among older adults remain a significant public health issue. Bicycling positively influences falls risk factors including reduced balance, muscle weakness, and low self-perceived confidence in maintaining balance. However, this association has not been systematically examined. We recruited 107 community-dwelling participants aged 65 years and older in the Netherlands to determine the relationship between bicycling and falls risk factors. Participants completed three questionnaires on cycling behavior and balance confidence, and also undertook five falls-related physical performance tasks encompassing tests of balance, strength, gait, and endurance. On average, current bicyclists showed significantly better scores in all physical tasks and confidence compared with nonriders ranging from a 10% difference in 6-m walk time to a 141% difference in single-leg balance time (all ps = .01). Type of bike used and duration of bicycling displayed varied associations (.01 < ps < .79). Our findings suggest that bicycle riding warrants further prospective investigation for fall prevention and active aging.
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Does functional capacity, fall risk awareness and physical activity level predict falls in older adults in different age groups? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 77:57-63. [PMID: 29673964 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine whether: i) functional capacity and physical activity level differ between fallers and non-fallers older adults, by controlling for fall risk awareness; ii) functional capacity, fall risk awareness and physical activity differ between fallers and non-fallers older adults, by controlling for age; iii) variables and which may predict falls in different age groups. 1826 older adults performed a series of functional tests and reported their fall episodes, fall risk awareness and physical activity level. The overall incidence of falls was high (40.2%), and falls risk awareness scores reduced with age. The older adults with greater falls risk awareness and non-fallers presented better scores in all functional tests and physical activity level (P < .05). Functional tests and falls risk awareness differed among age groups and differed between fallers and non-fallers, irrespective of age group (P < .05). Falls risk awareness predicted falls in all age groups (odds ranging: 1.05-1.09). Handgrip strength and balance scores predicted falls until 79 years (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.01-1.06). The physical activity level predicted falls up to 70 years (OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.06-1.12). Functional mobility was able to predict falls up to 80 years (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.01-1.08). Therefore, according to age, functional capacity, physical activity level and falls risk awareness can be a predictor of falls in older adults.
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Nikitina S, Didino D, Baez M, Casati F. Feasibility of Virtual Tablet-Based Group Exercise Among Older Adults in Siberia: Findings From Two Pilot Trials. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e40. [PMID: 29487045 PMCID: PMC5849795 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.7531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular physical activity has a positive effect on physical health, well-being, and life satisfaction of older adults. However, engaging in regular physical activity can be challenging for the elderly population because of reduced mobility, low motivation, or lack of the proper infrastructures in their communities. Objective The objective of this paper was to study the feasibility of home-based online group training—under different group cohesion settings—and its effects on adherence and well-being among Russian older adults. We focused particularly on the technology usability and usage and on the adherence to the training (in light of premeasures of social support, enjoyment of physical activity, and leg muscle strength). As a secondary objective, we also explored the effects of the technology-supported intervention on subjective well-being and loneliness. Methods Two pilot trials were carried out exploring two different group cohesion settings (weak cohesion and strong cohesion) in the period from 2015 to 2016 in Tomsk, Russian Federation. A total of 44 older adults (59-83 years) participated in the two pilots and followed a strength and balance training program (Otago) for 8 weeks with the help of a tablet-based virtual gym app. Participants in each pilot were assigned to an interaction condition, representing the online group exercising, and an individual condition, representing a home-based individual training. Both conditions featured persuasion strategies but differed in the ability to socialize and train together. Results Both interaction and individual groups reported a high usability of the technology. Trainees showed a high level of technology acceptance and, particularly, a high score in intention to future use (4.2-5.0 on a 5-point Likert scale). Private texting (short service message [SMS]) was used more than public texting, and the strong cohesion condition resulted in more messages per user. Joint participations to training sessions (copresence) were higher for the social group with higher cohesion. The overall adherence to the training was 74% (SD 27%). Higher levels of social support at baseline were associated with higher adherence in the low cohesion condition (F1,18=5.23, P=.03), whereas in the high cohesion, such association was not found. Overall improvement in the satisfaction with life score was observed between pre and post measures (F1,31=5.85, P=.02), but no decrease in loneliness. Conclusions Online group exercising was proven feasible among healthy independently living older adults in Russia. The pilots suggest that a physical training performed in a virtual environment positively affect the life satisfaction of the trainees, but it does not provide support for a decrease in loneliness. High cohesion groups are preferable for group exercising, especially to mitigate effects of low social support on adherence. Further research in motivating group interactions in training settings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Nikitina
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniele Didino
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcos Baez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Fabio Casati
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Balogun S, Winzenberg T, Wills K, Scott D, Jones G, Callisaya M, Aitken D. Longitudinal associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, physical activity, knee pain and dysfunction and physiological falls risk in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2018; 104:72-77. [PMID: 29421606 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the longitudinal associations between physiological falls risk, and between-person and within-person effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), physical activity (PA), knee pain and dysfunction in community-dwelling older people. METHODS Data for 1053 participants (51% women; mean age 63 ± 7.4 years) studied at baseline, 2.5, 5, and 10 years were analysed. Falls risk (Z-score) was measured using the Physiological Profile Assessment. Knee pain and dysfunction were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured using accelerometer. Linear mixed-effect regression models, with adjustment for confounders, were used to estimate the association between physiological falls risk and between-person and within-person effects of PA, 25OHD and WOMAC score. RESULTS Between-person effects showed that 10-year average physiological falls risk was lower in participants who had a higher 10-year average 25OHD (β = -0.005 per nmol/l, 95% CI: -0.008, -0.002), log-MVPA (β = -0.16 per minute, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.10) and lower mean WOMAC score (β = 0.005 per-unit score, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.01). Within-person effects showed that a higher physiological falls risk at any time-point was associated with higher than average WOMAC score (β = 0.002 per-unit score, 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.004) and lower than average log-MVPA (β = -0.15 per minute, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.06), but not 25OHD, at the same time-point. CONCLUSION Having higher WOMAC global score above an individual's average increases the risk of falling, whereas, increasing one's own MVPA level further reduces their risk of falling. The presence of between-person but not within-person associations for 25OHD suggests the former may be confounded by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliu Balogun
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Tania Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Karen Wills
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Melbourne Medical School (Western Campus) and Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia.
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Michele Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Dawn Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.
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Zusman EZ, Dawes MG, Edwards N, Ashe MC. A systematic review of evidence for older adults' sedentary behavior and physical activity after hip fracture. Clin Rehabil 2017; 32:679-691. [PMID: 29169245 DOI: 10.1177/0269215517741665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize evidence on older adults' sedentary behavior and physical activity during rehabilitation and recovery for hip fracture (1) across the care continuum and (2) from clinical interventions. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications using CINAHL, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and SportDiscus (last search: 17 October 2017). STUDY SELECTION We included studies that measured sedentary behavior and physical activity of older adults with hip fracture using activity monitors (e.g. accelerometers). We identified literature at Level 1 (title and abstract) and Level 2 (full text), and conducted forward and backward searches. We assessed observational studies' adherence to reporting guidelines and intervention studies' risk of bias. RESULTS We included 14 studies (882 participants). Four studies reported sedentary behavior data, while all studies reported information on physical activity. Settings included hospital, rehabilitation centers, and the community. Nine studies were observational; five were experimental design. Older adults had excessive sedentary time (>10 hours/day) and low physical activity. Participants' average upright time differed across settings. During hospital stay, it ranged 16-52 minutes/day, while in the community, it ranged 51-261 minutes/day. Data from five interventions reported on physical activity change: two studies increased between 14 and 27 minutes/day. Another study reported participants accumulated 6994 steps/day at the end of the intervention, but for two other interventions, activity was below 5000 steps/day. CONCLUSION Based on available evidence, older adults with hip fracture engage in prolonged sedentary behavior and have low levels of physical activity during rehabilitation and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enav Z Zusman
- 1 Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,2 Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin G Dawes
- 2 Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicola Edwards
- 1 Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maureen C Ashe
- 1 Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,2 Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Levinger P, Wee E, Margelis S, Menz HB, Bartlett JR, Bergman NR, McMahon S, Hill KD. Pre-operative predictors of post-operative falls in people undergoing total hip and knee replacement surgery: a prospective study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2017; 137:1025-1033. [PMID: 28597247 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-017-2727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain and disability often persist following hip (THR) and knee replacement (TKR) surgery predisposing patients to increased risk of falling. This study identified pre-operative predictors for post-operative falls in TKR and THR patients, and the incidence and circumstances of falls in the 12 months post-surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey was undertaken of patients before THR and TKR, and was repeated 12 months post-operation. The survey included (1) medical history and medications usage, (2) pain and function, (3) health-related and physical activity and (4) fear of falls and history of falls questionnaires. Patients were classified as 'fallers' (≥1 fall) or 'non-fallers' based on prospectively documented falls in the 12 months post-surgery. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify independent pre-operative predictors of incident falls status. RESULTS Eighty-two of the 243 participants (33.7%) reported ≥1 fall in the 12 months post-operatively [60 (34.1%) patients following TKR and 22 (32.8%) following THR]. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ 2 = 24.731, p < 0.001, the model explaining 22% of the variance in falls, and correctly classifying 73.7% of cases as fallers or non-fallers. Reduced SF-36v2 general health sub-scale, increased planned physical activity and previous falls in the preceding year were predictors of falls. Those reporting ≥1 fall pre-operatively were three times more likely to fall post-operatively. CONCLUSION People awaiting hip or knee joint replacement surgery might present with complex conditions that predispose them to greater risk of falling post-operation. Review of general health and history of falling is recommended pre-operatively to identify patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Elin Wee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Soula Margelis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - John R Bartlett
- Warringal Private Medical Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Neil R Bergman
- Warringal Private Medical Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | | | - Keith D Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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Abstract
The number of people living beyond 65 years of age is increasing rapidly, and they are at increased risk of falls. Falls-related injuries and hospitalizations are steadily increasing. Falls can lead to fear of falling, loss of independence, institutionalization, and death, inevitably posing a significant burden to the health care system. Therefore, screening of people at risk of falls and comprehensive assessment of older people at high risk of falls are critical steps toward prevention. This review evaluates the current knowledge relating to falls, with particular focus on rapid screening, assessment, and strategies to prevent falls in the community.
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Baez M, Khaghani Far I, Ibarra F, Ferron M, Didino D, Casati F. Effects of online group exercises for older adults on physical, psychological and social wellbeing: a randomized pilot trial. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3150. [PMID: 28392983 PMCID: PMC5384569 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervention programs to promote physical activity in older adults, either in group or home settings, have shown equivalent health outcomes but different results when considering adherence. Group-based interventions seem to achieve higher participation in the long-term. However, there are many factors that can make of group exercises a challenging setting for older adults. A major one, due to the heterogeneity of this particular population, is the difference in the level of skills. In this paper we report on the physical, psychological and social wellbeing outcomes of a technology-based intervention that enable online group exercises in older adults with different levels of skills. METHODS A total of 37 older adults between 65 and 87 years old followed a personalized exercise program based on the OTAGO program for fall prevention, for a period of eight weeks. Participants could join online group exercises using a tablet-based application. Participants were assigned either to the Control group, representing the traditional individual home-based training program, or the Social group, representing the online group exercising. Pre- and post- measurements were taken to analyze the physical, psychological and social wellbeing outcomes. RESULTS After the eight-weeks training program there were improvements in both the Social and Control groups in terms of physical outcomes, given the high level of adherence of both groups. Considering the baseline measures, however, the results suggest that while in the Control group fitter individuals tended to adhere more to the training, this was not the case for the Social group, where the initial level had no effect on adherence. For psychological outcomes there were improvements on both groups, regardless of the application used. There was no significant difference between groups in social wellbeing outcomes, both groups seeing a decrease in loneliness despite the presence of social features in the Social group. However, online social interactions have shown to be correlated to the decrease in loneliness in the Social group. CONCLUSION The results indicate that technology-supported online group-exercising which conceals individual differences in physical skills is effective in motivating and enabling individuals who are less fit to train as much as fitter individuals. This not only indicates the feasibility of training together despite differences in physical skills but also suggests that online exercise might reduce the effect of skills on adherence in a social context. However, results from this pilot are limited to a small sample size and therefore are not conclusive. Longer term interventions with more participants are instead recommended to assess impacts on wellbeing and behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Baez
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Trentino, Italy
| | - Iman Khaghani Far
- College of Computer & Information Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco Ibarra
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Trentino, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Didino
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Economy, Tomsk Polytechnical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Fabio Casati
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Trentino, Italy
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Bea JW, Thomson CA, Wallace RB, Wu C, Seguin RA, Going SB, LaCroix A, Eaton C, Ockene JK, LaMonte MJ, Jackson R, Jerry Mysiw W, Wactawski-Wende J. Changes in physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of falling: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Prev Med 2017; 95:103-109. [PMID: 27932054 PMCID: PMC5289299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Falling significantly affects quality of life, morbidity, and mortality among older adults. We sought to evaluate the prospective association between sedentary time, physical activity, and falling among post-menopausal women aged 50-79years recruited to the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study between 1993 and 1998 from 40 clinical centers across the United States. Baseline (B) and change in each of the following were evaluated at year 3 (Y3) and year 6 (Y6; baseline n=93,676; Y3 n=76,598; Y6 n=75,428): recreational physical activity (MET-h/wk), sitting, sleeping (min/day), and lean body mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (subset N=6475). Falls per year (0, 1, 2, ≥3) were assessed annually by self-report questionnaire and then dichotomized as ≤1 and ≥2falls/year. Logistic regression models were adjusted for demographics, body mass index, fall history, tobacco and alcohol use, medical conditions, and medications. Higher baseline activity was associated with greater risk of falling at Y6 (18%; p for trend <0.0001). Increasing sedentary time minimally decreased falling (1% Y3; 2% Y6; p<0.05). Increasing activity up to ≥9MET-h/wk. (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22) or maintaining ≥9MET-h/wk. (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.13-1.29) increased falling at Y3 and Y6 (p for trend <0.001). Adding lean body mass to the models attenuated these relationships. Physically active lifestyles increased falling among post-menopausal women. Additional fall prevention strategies, such as balance and resistance training, should be evaluated to assist post-menopausal women in reaching or maintaining levels of aerobic activity known to prevent and manage several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Bea
- University of Arizona, Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- University of Arizona, 3950 S Country Club Rd., Suite 330, Tucson, AZ 85714, United States
| | - Robert B Wallace
- University of Iowa, 145 N Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Chunyuan Wu
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-A410, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Rebecca A Seguin
- Cornell University, Savage Hall, Room 412, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Scott B Going
- University of Arizona, 3950 S Country Club Rd., Suite 330, Tucson, AZ 85714, United States
| | - Andrea LaCroix
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., #0725, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Charles Eaton
- Brown University, 111 Brewster Street, Pawtucket, RI 02860, United States
| | - Judith K Ockene
- University of Massachusetts, 55 Lake Ave North, S7-746, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 273 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Ohio State University, 376 W 10th Avenue, Suite 205, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - W Jerry Mysiw
- Ohio State University, 2050 Kenny Road, Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 410 Kimball Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
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Alves RLT, Silva CFME, Pimentel LN, Costa IDA, Souza ACDS, Coelho LAF. Evaluation of risk factors that contribute to falls among the elderly. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562017020.160022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: to determine the incidence of falls among the elderly population of the city of Barbacena in the state of Minas Gerais, together with causal factors, circumstances and major consequences. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed through questionnaires applied to 206 patients over the age of 60, from November 2014 to February 2015 in the city of Barbacena, in the state of Minas Gerais. Risk factors related to falls were analyzed, as well as the incidence of falls and the consequences for the lives of elderly persons. The existence of a relationship between the reporting of falls and possible risk factors was determined by the Chi-squared and Fischer's exact tests as indicated. Results: an incidence of falls of 36.41% was observed among the elderly, 45.95% of which occurred outside the home. A total of 85.71% of respondents had previously suffered strokes and 39.78% were taking medication. Among elderly persons who have fallen and suffered fractures (18.67%), 50% had suffered strokes, 50% were suffering from chronic kidney disease, and 61.54% could not perform their activities of daily living after the fall. Conclusion: it was concluded that the incidence of falls among the elderly was 36.41%, while the most correlated factors were drug use, stroke victims and people with chronic kidney disease. Among those who suffered fractures, 61.54% failed to perform activities of daily living. Preventing falls is a public health concern, and simple changes can reduce its prevalence.
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Fraser SA, Li KZH, Berryman N, Desjardins-Crépeau L, Lussier M, Vadaga K, Lehr L, Minh Vu TT, Bosquet L, Bherer L. Does Combined Physical and Cognitive Training Improve Dual-Task Balance and Gait Outcomes in Sedentary Older Adults? Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 10:688. [PMID: 28149274 PMCID: PMC5241276 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Everyday activities like walking and talking can put an older adult at risk for a fall if they have difficulty dividing their attention between motor and cognitive tasks. Training studies have demonstrated that both cognitive and physical training regimens can improve motor and cognitive task performance. Few studies have examined the benefits of combined training (cognitive and physical) and whether or not this type of combined training would transfer to walking or balancing dual-tasks. This study examines the dual-task benefits of combined training in a sample of sedentary older adults. Seventy-two older adults (≥60 years) were randomly assigned to one of four training groups: Aerobic + Cognitive training (CT), Aerobic + Computer lessons (CL), Stretch + CT and Stretch + CL. It was expected that the Aerobic + CT group would demonstrate the largest benefits and that the active placebo control (Stretch + CL) would show the least benefits after training. Walking and standing balance were paired with an auditory n-back with two levels of difficulty (0- and 1-back). Dual-task walking and balance were assessed with: walk speed (m/s), cognitive accuracy (% correct) and several mediolateral sway measures for pre- to post-test improvements. All groups demonstrated improvements in walk speed from pre- (M = 1.33 m/s) to post-test (M = 1.42 m/s, p < 0.001) and in accuracy from pre- (M = 97.57%) to post-test (M = 98.57%, p = 0.005).They also increased their walk speed in the more difficult 1-back (M = 1.38 m/s) in comparison to the 0-back (M = 1.36 m/s, p < 0.001) but reduced their accuracy in the 1-back (M = 96.39%) in comparison to the 0-back (M = 99.92%, p < 0.001). Three out of the five mediolateral sway variables (Peak, SD, RMS) demonstrated significant reductions in sway from pre to post test (p-values < 0.05). With the exception of a group difference between Aerobic + CT and Stretch + CT in accuracy, there were no significant group differences after training. Results suggest that there can be dual-task benefits from training but that in this sedentary sample Aerobic + CT training was not more beneficial than other types of combined training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Z-H Li
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berryman
- Sports Studies, Bishop's UniversitySherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Desjardins-Crépeau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Lussier
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kiran Vadaga
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lora Lehr
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thien Tuong Minh Vu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Medecine, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Bosquet
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers Poitiers, France
| | - Louis Bherer
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Medecine, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
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Pozaic T, Lindemann U, Grebe AK, Stork W. Sit-to-Stand Transition Reveals Acute Fall Risk in Activities of Daily Living. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2016; 4:2700211. [PMID: 28439481 PMCID: PMC5396921 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2016.2620177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this paper was on finding wrist sensor-derived features for detecting highly acute fall risk from the sit-to-stand transitions performed in a non-ambulatory environment. Furthermore, the influence of the dominant and non-dominant hand on these features was investigated. A cohort of 174 older subjects was monitored for seven consecutive days in their home setting by using inertial sensors attached at the wrist. Based on the reported falls during a one-month follow-up phase, two groups were defined. Twenty-one time and frequency domain features were implemented for the quantitative assessment of extracted sit-to-stand transitions. The statistical analysis yielded two features that could convincingly distinguish fallers from non-fallers for the dominant hand, and six for the non-dominant hand. A novel feature, energy of the applied support during standing up, showed statistically good performance independently of on which hand the sensor node was worn, as well as for the dominant and non-dominant hand ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively). This paper overcomes limitations of clinical tests and shows a reliable application of wrist-worn bands in terms of assessment of highly acute fall risk. In addition, it reveals the sit-to-stand transition as a potential assessment source for the wrist-worn devices in the elderly population. Early assessment of the risk of falling in a widely accepted and non-stigmatized manner has the ability to bring crucial changes in fall prevention strategies, reducing the number of falls and the fall rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wilhelm Stork
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131KarlsruheGermany
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Jefferis BJ, Merom D, Sartini C, Wannamethee SG, Ash S, Lennon LT, Iliffe S, Kendrick D, Whincup PH. Physical Activity and Falls in Older Men: The Critical Role of Mobility Limitations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:2119-28. [PMID: 25668406 PMCID: PMC5131688 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background Physical activity (PA) has many health benefits but may increase falls risk among older adults. We study how objectively measured habitual daily PA is related to falls by exploring the modifying effect of mobility limitations and the mediating roles of fitness and lower-limb strength. Methods One thousand six hundred fifty-five (53%) of 3137 surviving participants (men age 71–91 yr) in an ongoing UK-population-based cohort study wore an ActiGraph GT3x accelerometer over the hip for 1 wk in 2010–2012 to measure PA (exposure) and reported demographic and health status, including mobility limitations. One year later, 825 men reported falls history (outcome). Results Seven hundred of 825 men had ≥600 min·d−1 of accelerometer wear for ≥3 d. Nineteen percent (n = 128) reported falls 1 yr later. Associations between PA and falls differed by presence of mobility limitations. Among 66% (n = 471) of men without mobility limitations, number of falls increased incrementally (for every 30 min of moderate to vigorous PA [MVPA]: incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.03, adjusted for falls risk factors). Step count was not related to number of falls below 9000 steps per day but was related to number of falls ≥9000 steps per day (for every additional 1000 steps per day: IRR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16–2.18). Among 33% (n = 229) of men with mobility limitations, falls risk declined with increasing activity (for every 1000 steps per day: IRR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70–0.91; for every 30 min of MVPA: IRR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42–0.89; for every additional 30 min of sedentary behavior ≥600 min·d−1: IRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07–1.40). Conclusions Interventions to promote MVPA in older men should incorporate falls prevention strategies. Among adults with mobility limitations, trials should investigate whether increasing MVPA levels can reduce falls risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Jefferis
- 1UCL Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, England, UNITED KINGDOM; 2UCL Physical Activity Research Group, London, UNITED KINGDOM; 3School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, AUSTRALIA; 4Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, UNITED KINGDOM; and 5Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, England, UNITED KINGDOM
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64
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Smee D, Pumpa K, Falchi M, Lithander FE. The Relationship between Diet Quality and Falls Risk, Physical Function and Body Composition in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:1037-42. [PMID: 26624217 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine associations between diet quality, falls risk, physical function, physical activity and body composition. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data collected from 171 men and women, aged 60-88 years old, as part of the Falls Risk and Osteoporosis Longitudinal Study. MEASUREMENTS Dietary Intake (Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies Version 2 (DQES v2)), Falls Risk (FES-I, ABC, Berg Balance and Physiological Profile Assessment), Physical Function (SPPB), Physical Activity (PASE) and Body Composition (fat mass, lean mass, BMD, BMI, android/gynoid ratio) were ascertained. Diet quality was determined using two measures (Healthy Eating Index - HEI and Healthy Diet Indicator - HDI). One-way Analysis of Variance was used to compare mean scores between females and males and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine bivariate relationships. RESULTS Although females and males were analysed separately, the HDI-total score showed more associations that the HEI in both genders. The HDI showed, in females weak negative associations with BMI (r =-.21, p=.04), gynoid fat (r = -.20, p=.01), total fat mass (r = -.20, p=.02), with a weak positive association between HDI and percentage lean mass (r =.20, p=.03). Males showed positive associations between HDI and age (r =.30 p=.02) physical function (SPPB)(r =.26, p=.04), and subjective falls-risk (ABC) (r =.26, p=.03). In addition, in males, a negative association was found between HDI and FES-I (r = -.25, p=.04). The only measure that was significantly associated with the HEI-total score was the android/gynoid ratio in males (r = -.29, p=.04). When controlling for age, females demonstrated weak positive associations between gynoid (r = .19 p = .02), android (r = .19, p = .02) and total fat mass (r = .20 p = .02) as well as weak negative correlation with lean mass (r = 1.19, p = .03). Age also impacts on the FES-I (r = .29 p <.01) and ABC (r = -.23 p <.01). CONCLUSIONS The relationships between dietary quality and body composition, falls risk and physical function in older community dwelling, higher functioning adults appear to be gender specific. Better diet quality in females, is associated with lower BMI and fat mass, and higher lean mass, compared to males that are older and appear to have better physical function, are less likely to self-report falls risk, and have a better fat distribution i.e. a lower android/gynoid ratio have better diet quality. Furthermore, age is an important confounder and should be taken into consideration when assessing diet quality in older adults. In addition these gender and age differences may be clinically relevant and could aid in the delivery of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Smee
- Disa J. Smee, 12C16, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia, , Phone: +61 (0) 2 62012927, Fax:+61 (0)2 62015615
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65
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Matei R, Thuné-Boyle I, Hamer M, Iliffe S, Fox KR, Jefferis BJ, Gardner B. Acceptability of a theory-based sedentary behaviour reduction intervention for older adults ('On Your Feet to Earn Your Seat'). BMC Public Health 2015; 15:606. [PMID: 26135402 PMCID: PMC4489366 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adults aged 60 years and over spend most time sedentary and are the least physically active of all age groups. This early-phase study explored acceptability of a theory-based intervention to reduce sitting time and increase activity in older adults, as part of the intervention development process. Methods An 8-week uncontrolled trial was run among two independent samples of UK adults aged 60–75 years. Sample 1, recruited from sheltered housing on the assumption that they were sedentary and insufficiently active, participated between December 2013 and March 2014. Sample 2, recruited through community and faith centres and a newsletter, on the basis of self-reported inactivity (<150 weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity) and sedentary behaviour (≥6 h mean daily sitting), participated between March and August 2014. Participants received a booklet offering 16 tips for displacing sitting with light-intensity activity and forming activity habits, and self-monitoring ‘tick-sheets’. At baseline, 4-week, and 8-week follow-ups, quantitative measures were taken of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and habit. At 8 weeks, tick-sheets were collected and a semi-structured interview conducted. Acceptability was assessed for each sample separately, through attrition and adherence to tips, ANOVAs for behaviour and habit changes, and, for both samples combined, thematic analysis of interviews. Results In Sample 1, 12 of 16 intervention recipients completed the study (25 % attrition), mean adherence was 40 % (per-tip range: 15–61 %), and there were no clear patterns of changes in sedentary or physical activity behaviour or habit. In Sample 2, 23 of 27 intervention recipients completed (15 % attrition), and mean adherence was 58 % (per-tip range: 39–82 %). Sample 2 decreased mean sitting time and sitting habit, and increased walking, moderate activity, and activity habit. Qualitative data indicated that both samples viewed the intervention positively, found the tips easy to follow, and reported health and wellbeing gains. Conclusions Low attrition, moderate adherence, and favourability in both samples, and positive changes in Sample 2, indicate the intervention was acceptable. Higher attrition, lower adherence, and no apparent behavioural impact among Sample 1 could perhaps be attributable to seasonal influences. The intervention has been refined to address emergent acceptability problems. An exploratory controlled trial is underway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1921-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Matei
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Ingela Thuné-Boyle
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Mark Hamer
- Population Health Domain Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Steve Iliffe
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Kenneth R Fox
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Barbara J Jefferis
- Population Health Domain Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. .,Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 9th Floor, Capital House, 42 Weston Street, London, SE1 3QD, UK. .,UCL Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK.
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Abstract
Despite extensive literature on falls among seniors, little is known about gender-specific risk factors. To determine the prevalence of falls by gender and sociodemographic, lifestyle/behavioral, and medical factors, we conducted a cross-sectional study in a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults who were 65 years of age or older (n = 14,881) from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Healthy Aging (2008-2009). Logistic regression models were applied to investigate gender-specific associations between potential risk factors and falls. In men, stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 1.91), nutritional risk (OR = 1.86), post-secondary school degree (OR = 1.68), eye disorder (OR = 1.35), widowed/separated/divorced marital status (OR = 1.28), and arthritis (OR = 1.27) were independently associated with significantly higher odds of falls. In women, significant independent correlates of falls included stroke (OR = 1.53), age of 85 years or older (OR = 1.51), nutritional risk (OR = 1.39), consumption of at least 1 alcoholic drink per week (OR = 1.39), use of 5 or more medications (OR = 1.36), arthritis (OR = 1.36), diabetes (OR = 1.31), and osteoporosis (OR = 1.22). Higher physical activity levels were protective in both genders, and higher household income was protective in women. Gender should be considered when planning fall prevention strategies.
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Merom D, Stanaway FF, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Seibel MJ, Blyth FM, Naganathan V, Cumming RG. Swimming and other sporting activities and the rate of falls in older men: longitudinal findings from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:830-7. [PMID: 25193746 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance training is the most efficacious exercise to prevent falls. This study examined the associations between common sporting activities and the incidence of falls, and whether lower risks can be attributed to the superior balance of sports participants. We studied a population-based cohort of 1,667 older Australian men (mean age = 76.8 years) in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) between 2005 and 2011. Data on incident falls were captured by 12 triannual telephone call cycles per participant and were analyzed using negative binomial regression. The length of follow-up averaged 43.8 months (median, 48 months), during which time 2,662 falls were recorded. In unadjusted models, golfers (n = 160; incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 0.89) and swimmers (n = 88; IRR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.71) had significantly lower risks of falling. After adjustment for leisure-time physical activity, walking, lifestyle physical activity score (e.g., chores, gardening), and conventional risk factors for falling, swimming was the only activity that was associated with a protective effect (IRR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45, 1.00). Swimmers had significantly lower postural sway (β = -5.23 cm(2), P < 0.05) and shorter time to complete a narrow walk test than men who took part in only lifestyle physical activities. Balance indicators were strong predictors of the incidence of falls. The IRR for swimmers was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.48, 1.06) after adding balance measures to the adjusted model.
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68
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Reid N, Eakin E, Henwood T, Keogh JWL, Senior HE, Gardiner PA, Winkler E, Healy GN. Objectively measured activity patterns among adults in residential aged care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:6783-98. [PMID: 24304508 PMCID: PMC3881141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10126783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of using the activPAL3(TM) activity monitor, and, to describe the activity patterns of residential aged care residents. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Randomly selected aged care facilities within 100 km of the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Ambulatory, older (≥60 years) residential aged care adults without cognitive impairment. MEASUREMENTS Feasibility was assessed by consent rate, sleep/wear diary completion, and through interviews with staff/participants. Activity patterns (sitting/lying, standing, and stepping) were measured via activPAL3(TM) monitors worn continuously for seven days. Times spent in each activity were described and then compared across days of the week and hours of the day using linear mixed models. RESULTS Consent rate was 48% (n = 41). Activity patterns are described for the 31 participants (mean age 84.2 years) who provided at least one day of valid monitor data. In total, 14 (45%) completed the sleep/wear diary. Participants spent a median (interquartile range) of 12.4 (1.7) h sitting/lying (with 73% of this accumulated in unbroken bouts of ≥30 min), 1.9 (1.3) h standing, and 21.4 (36.7) min stepping during their monitored waking hours per day. Activity did not vary significantly by day of the week (p ≥ 0.05); stepping showed significant hourly variation (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Older adults in residential aged care were consistently highly sedentary. Feasibility considerations for objective activity monitoring identified for this population include poor diary completion and lost monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Reid
- School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Eakin
- School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Timothy Henwood
- Blue Care Research & Practice Development Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Justin W. L. Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; E-Mail:
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Hugh E. Senior
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Paul A. Gardiner
- Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; E-Mail:
- Translating Research into Practice (TRIP) Centre, Mater Research, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Winkler
- School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Genevieve N. Healy
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Bloch F, Thibaud M, Tournoux-Facon C, Brèque C, Rigaud AS, Dugué B, Kemoun G. Estimation of the risk factors for falls in the elderly: Can meta-analysis provide a valid answer? Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Tournoux-Facon
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Inserm CIC P802; University of Poitiers; Poitiers; France
| | - Cyril Brèque
- P'Institute UPR 3346; University of Poitiers; Poitiers; France
| | | | - Benoit Dugué
- Laboratory «Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice» (MOVE), EA 6314; University of Poitiers; Poitiers; France
| | - Gilles Kemoun
- Laboratory «Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice» (MOVE), EA 6314; University of Poitiers; Poitiers; France
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Wiemeyer J, Kliem A. Serious games in prevention and rehabilitation—a new panacea for elderly people? Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11556-011-0093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Digital games cannot only be used for fun and entertainment. The term “serious games” (SG) denotes digital games serving serious purposes like education, training, advertising, research and health. Recently, a new generation of games has emerged involving whole-body movements. Compared to traditional interventions, these games may help elderly people to improve their health by enhancing physical fitness and coordinative abilities by combining increased motivation, game experience like fun and game flow and training. Serious games, particularly adventure and shooter games, already play an important role in health education, prevention and rehabilitation, e.g. to enhance health-related physical activity, improve sensory–motor coordination, prevent asthma, change nutrition behaviour and alleviate diabetes and prevent smoking or HIV. In this paper, the impact of SG on prevention and rehabilitation is discussed. Three criteria are applied. Beyond effectivity and efficiency, the additional benefits of serious games can be described and explained by different models including social, psychological, physiological and sensory–motor factors. The quality of study serves as a third criterion. Despite first promising results, there are only few high-quality studies. Adequate content, game interfaces, sustainability and appropriate settings are critical factors for the success of SG. In this regard, (sport) science can help to develop and evaluate SG and test appropriate settings that ensure sustainable use of serious games.
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