51
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Izadpanah M, Mohebali N, Elyasi Gorji Z, Farzaneh P, Vakhshiteh F, Shahzadeh Fazeli SA. Simple and fast multiplex PCR method for detection of species origin in meat products. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 55:698-703. [PMID: 29391634 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of animal species is one of the major concerns in food regulatory control and quality assurance system. Different approaches have been used for species identification in animal origin of feedstuff. This study aimed to develop a multiplex PCR approach to detect the origin of meat and meat products. Specific primers were designed based on the conserved region of mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COX1) gene. This method could successfully distinguish the origin of the pig, camel, sheep, donkey, goat, cow, and chicken in one single reaction. Since PCR products derived from each species represent unique molecular weight, the amplified products could be identified by electrophoresis and analyzed based on their size. Due to the synchronized amplification of segments within a single PCR reaction, multiplex PCR is considered to be a simple, fast, and inexpensive technique that can be applied for identification of meat products in food industries. Nowadays, this technique has been considered as a practical method to identify the species origin, which could further applied for animal feedstuffs identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Izadpanah
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- 2School of Advance Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mohebali
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Elyasi Gorji
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Farzaneh
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- 3Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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52
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Nims RW, Reid Y. Best practices for authenticating cell lines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:880-887. [PMID: 29197028 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Experiments using cell cultures are only valid to the extent that the cell culture is a true model system for the biological system being investigated. To assure that a cell line is and remains an appropriate biological model, its identity, purity, ploidy, and phenotype must be maintained. These characteristics comprise and determine the authenticity of a cell line. Routine monitoring of the cell line through microscopic examination of morphology can help to determine authenticity, as can the determination of phenotypic status. Assays designed to confirm cell identity and ploidy and freedom from cross-contaminating cell types may need to be performed at certain times, as such information may not be obtained through morphologic and phenotypic examinations alone. The best practices associated with establishing cell line authenticity are described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W Nims
- RMC Pharmaceutical Solutions, Inc., 1851 Lefthand Circle, Suite A, Longmont, CO, 80501, USA.
| | - Yvonne Reid
- ATCC, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, VA, 20169, USA
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53
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Weng J, Li Y, Cai L, Li T, Peng G, Fu C, Han X, Li H, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Du J, Peng Q, Gao Y. Elimination of Mycoplasma Contamination from Infected Human Hepatocyte C3A Cells by Intraperitoneal Injection in BALB/c Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:440. [PMID: 29075618 PMCID: PMC5643414 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The use of antibiotics to eliminate Mycoplasma contamination has some serious limitations. Mycoplasma contamination can be eliminated by intraperitoneal injection of BALB/c mice with contaminated cells combined with screening monoclonal cells. However, in vivo passage in mice after injection with contaminated cells requires a long duration (20-54 days). Furthermore, it is important to monitor for cross-contamination of mouse and human cells, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) infection, and altered cell function after the in vivo treatment. The present study aimed to validate a reliable and simplified method to eliminate mycoplasma contamination from human hepatocytes. BALB/c mice were injected with paraffin oil prior to injection with cells, in order to shorten duration of intraperitoneal passage. Cross-contamination of mouse and human cells, XMRV infection and cell function-related genes and proteins were also evaluated. Methods: PCR and DNA sequencing were used to confirm Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) contamination in human hepatocyte C3A cells. Five BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml paraffin oil 1 week before injection of the cells. The mice were then intraperitoneally injected with C3A hepatocytes (5.0 × 106/ml) contaminated with M. hyorhinis (6.2 ± 2.2 × 108 CFU/ml). Ascites were collected for monoclonal cell screening on the 14th day after injection of contaminated cells. Elimination of mycoplasma from cells was determined by PCR and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Human-mouse cell and XMRV contamination were also detected by PCR. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were used to compare the expression of genes and proteins among treated cells, non-treated infected cells, and uninfected cells. Results: Fourteen days after injection with cells, 4 of the 5 mice had ascites. Hepatocyte colonies extracted from the ascites of four mice were all mycoplasma-free. There was no cell cross-contamination or XMRV infection in treated cell cultures. Elimination of Mycoplasma resulted in partial or complete recovery in the expression of ALB, TF, and CYP3A4 genes as well as proteins. Proliferation of the treated cells was not significantly affected by this management. Conclusion: The method of elimination of Mycoplasma contamination in this study was validated and reproducible. Success was achieved in four of five cases examined. Compared to the previous studies, the duration of intraperitoneal passage in this study was significantly shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Weng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongze Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyi Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zesheng Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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54
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Thiemann TC, Woodward DL, Fang Y, Ryan BM, Nelms BM, Scott JJ, Reisen WK. Abundance and Bloodfeeding Patterns of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Oak Woodland on the Eastern Slope of the Northern Coast Range of California. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1344-1353. [PMID: 28874011 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and bloodfeeding patterns of mosquitoes was studied from 2008 to 2010 at an 18 ha. oak woodland in Lake County, CA. Host-seeking females were collected weekly from sunset to sunrise by paired dry-ice-baited CDC style traps, whereas resting females were aspirated from paired walk-in red boxes. Sequences of the COI gene amplified from bloodmeals from engorged resting females were used to identify the bloodmeal hosts. Aedes sierrensis (Ludlow) and Aedes increpitus Dyar complex mosquitoes were univoltine, although the timing of emergence and abundance varied temporally and seemed weather dependent. Abundance of both Anopheles franciscanus McCracken and Anopheles freeborni Aitken peaked in mid to late summer. Females of both genera bloodfed primarily on mule deer and black-tailed jackrabbits, and few fed on either dogs or humans that were consistently present within the woodland. In contrast, multivoltine Culex tarsalis Coquillett and Culex stigmatosoma Dyar were abundant throughout summer, especially from July to September. Both Culex species bloodfed on a wide variety of avian hosts, with most bloodmeals originating from California scrub-jay, wild turkey, oak titmouse, and house finch. Culex tarsalis fed on proportionately more mammals as summer progressed, peaking at 33% in September.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Thiemann
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA 95211
| | - David L Woodward
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA 95453
| | - Ying Fang
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bonnie M Ryan
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA 95453
| | | | | | - William K Reisen
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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55
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A Combination of Species Identification and STR Profiling Identifies Cross-contaminated Cells from 482 Human Tumor Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9774. [PMID: 28851942 PMCID: PMC5575032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tumor cell lines are extremely important tools for cancer research, but a significant percentage is cross-contaminated with other cells. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is the prevailing standard for authenticating cell lines that originate from human tissues. Based on the analysis of 482 different human tumor cell lines used in China by STR, up to 96 cell lines were misidentified. More importantly, the study has found that STR profiling alone is insufficient to exclude inter-species cross-contamination of human cell lines. Among the 386 cell lines which had a correct STR profile, 3 of them were inter-species cross-contaminated. Careful microscopic examination may be helpful in some cases to detect changes in morphology but additional testing is needed. Additionally, species verification by PCR could easily identify the contaminants, even with a low percentage of contaminating cells. Combining STR profiling with species identification by PCR, more than 20.5% (99/482) of tumor cell lines were revealed as having been incorrectly identified, including intra-species (14.5%), inter-species (4.4%) cross-contamination and contaminating cell lines (1.7%). Therefore, quality control of cell lines is a systemic issue. Each cell line should undergo a full QA (Quality Assurance) assessment before it is used for research.
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56
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Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a common virus of cattle globally, was believed for decades not to infect humans. More recent techniques (in situ PCR and DNA sequencing) enabled detection of BLV in human breast tissue, and determination of its significant association with breast cancer in a US population. Using similar techniques to study 96 Australian women, we report here detection of retrotranscribed BLV DNA in breast tissue of 40/50(80%) of women with breast cancer versus 19/46(41%) of women with no history of breast cancer, indicating an age-adjusted odds ratio and confidence interval of 4.72(1.71-13.05). These results corroborate the findings of the previous study of US women with an even higher odds ratio for the Australian population. For 48 of the subjects, paired breast tissue samples, removed 3-10 years apart in two unrelated procedures, were available. For 23/31 (74%) of these, in which the first specimen was diagnosed as nonmalignant (benign or premalignant) and the second as malignant, BLV was already present in benign breast tissue years 3-10 years before the malignancy was diagnosed. This is consistent with the supposition of a causative temporal relationship between BLV infection and subsequent development of cancer.
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57
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Fasterius E, Raso C, Kennedy S, Rauch N, Lundin P, Kolch W, Uhlén M, Al-Khalili Szigyarto C. A novel RNA sequencing data analysis method for cell line authentication. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171435. [PMID: 28192450 PMCID: PMC5305277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel analysis method that can interrogate the authenticity of biological samples used for generation of transcriptome profiles in public data repositories. The method uses RNA sequencing information to reveal mutations in expressed transcripts and subsequently confirms the identity of analysed cells by comparison with publicly available cell-specific mutational profiles. Cell lines constitute key model systems widely used within cancer research, but their identity needs to be confirmed in order to minimise the influence of cell contaminations and genetic drift on the analysis. Using both public and novel data, we demonstrate the use of RNA-sequencing data analysis for cell line authentication by examining the validity of COLO205, DLD1, HCT15, HCT116, HKE3, HT29 and RKO colorectal cancer cell lines. We successfully authenticate the studied cell lines and validate previous reports indicating that DLD1 and HCT15 are synonymous. We also show that the analysed HKE3 cells harbour an unexpected KRAS-G13D mutation and confirm that this cell line is a genuine KRAS dosage mutant, rather than a true isogenic derivative of HCT116 expressing only the wild type KRAS. This authentication method could be used to revisit the numerous cell line based RNA sequencing experiments available in public data repositories, analyse new experiments where whole genome sequencing is not available, as well as facilitate comparisons of data from different experiments, platforms and laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Fasterius
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Raso
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nora Rauch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pär Lundin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Dept of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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58
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Investigation of Cross-Contamination and Misidentification of 278 Widely Used Tumor Cell Lines. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170384. [PMID: 28107433 PMCID: PMC5249119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biological research involving human cell lines has been rapidly developing in China. However, some of the cell lines are not authenticated before use. Therefore, misidentified and/or cross-contaminated cell lines are unfortunately commonplace. In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of cross-contamination and misidentification for a panel of 278 cell lines from 28 institutes in China by using short tandem repeat profiling method. By comparing the DNA profiles with the cell bank databases of ATCC and DSMZ, a total of 46.0% (128/278) cases with cross-contamination/misidentification were uncovered coming from 22 institutes. Notably, 73.2% (52 out of 71) of the cell lines established by the Chinese researchers were misidentified and accounted for 40.6% of total misidentification (52/128). Further, 67.3% (35/52) of the misidentified cell lines established in laboratories of China were HeLa cells or a possible hybrid of HeLa with another kind of cell line. Furthermore, the bile duct cancer cell line HCCC-9810 and degenerative lung cancer Calu-6 exhibited 88.9% match in the ATCC database (9-loci), indicating that they were from the same origin. However, when we used 21-loci to compare these two cell lines with the same algorithm, the percent match was only 48.2%, indicating that these two cell lines were different. The SNP profiles of HCCC-9810 and Calu-6 also revealed that they were different cell lines. 150 cell lines with unique profiles demonstrated a wide range of in vitro phenotypes. This panel of 150 genomically validated cancer cell lines represents a valuable resource for the cancer research community and will advance our understanding of the disease by providing a standard reference for cell lines that can be used for biological as well as preclinical studies.
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59
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Agarwal P, Gammon EA, Sajib AM, Sandey M, Smith BF. Cell-Surface Integrins and CAR Are Both Essential for Adenovirus Type 5 Transduction of Canine Cells of Lymphocytic Origin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169532. [PMID: 28068367 PMCID: PMC5222425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are the most widely used vectors in cancer gene therapy. Adenoviruses vectors are well characterized and are easily manipulated. Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is the most commonly used human serotype. Ad5 internalization into host cells is a combined effect of binding of Ad5 fiber knob with the coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and binding of RGD motifs in viral penton to cell surface integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5). Ad5’s wide range of host-cell transduction and lack of integration into the host genome have made it an excellent choice for cancer therapeutics. However, Ad5 has limited ability to transduce cells of hematopoietic origin. It has been previously reported that low or no expression of CAR is a potential obstacle to Ad5 infection in hematopoietic origin cells. In addition, we have previously reported that low levels of cell surface integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5) may inhibit Ad5 infection in canine lymphoma cell lines. In the current report we have examined the ability of an Ad5 vector to infect human (HEK293) and canine non-cancerous (NCF and PBMC), canine non-hematopoietic origin cancer (CMT28, CML7, and CML10), and canine hematopoietic origin cancer (DH82, 17–71, OSW, MPT-1, and BR) cells. In addition, we have quantified CAR, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin transcript expression in these cells by using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (q-RT-PCR). Low levels of integrins were present in MPT1, 17–71, OSW, and PBMC cells in comparison to CMT28, DH82, and BR cells. CAR mRNA levels were comparatively higher in MPT1, 17–71, OSW, and PBMC cells. This report confirms and expands the finding that low or absent expression of cell surface integrins may be the primary reason for the inability of Ad5-based vectors to transduce cells of lymphocytic origin and some myeloid cells but this is not true for all hematopoietic origin cells. For efficient use of Ad5-based therapeutic vectors in cancers of lymphocytic origin, it is important to address the defects in cell surface integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Agarwal
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Gammon
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Bruce F. Smith
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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60
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Daneshvar Amoli A, Mohebali N, Farzaneh P, Shahzadeh Fazeli SA, Nikfarjam L, Ashouri Movasagh S, Moradmand Z, Ganjibakhsh M, Nasimian A, Izadpanah M, Vakhshiteh F, Gohari NS, Masoudi NS, Farghadan M, Mohamadi Moghanjoghi S, Khalili M, Khaledi KJ. Establishment and characterization of Caspian horse fibroblast cell bank in Iran. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:337-343. [PMID: 28039621 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Caspian horse, a rare horse breed found in 1965 by Louise Firouz in northern Iran, is a small horse which is reported to be in danger of extinction in its original homeland. There seems to be a great need to prevent extinction of this valuable horse. In this study, 51 fibroblast cell lines from Caspian horse ear marginal tissue were successfully established by sampling 60 horses using primary explant technique. Cells were authenticated and growth curve was plotted. According to results obtained, population doubling time (PDT) was calculated 23 ± 0.5 h for all cell lines. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) revealed that cell lines had no cross-contamination with other species. Bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma contamination were checked using standard methods such as PCR, direct culture, and Hoechst staining. In addition to providing a valuable source for genomic, postgenomic, and somatic cloning researches, the established cell lines would preserve Caspian horse genetic resources. It will also create an accessible database for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Daneshvar Amoli
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mohebali
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Farzaneh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Nikfarjam
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ashouri Movasagh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moradmand
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Ganjibakhsh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nasimian
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Izadpanah
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Sadat Gohari
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Sadat Masoudi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farghadan
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohamadi Moghanjoghi
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khalili
- Iran Equestrian Federation, University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh J Khaledi
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, P. O. Box: 1551916111, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Agriculture, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (rah), Shahr-e- rey Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran.
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61
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Elyasi Gorji Z, J. Khaledi K, Daneshvar Amoli A, Ganjibakhsh M, Nasimian A, Gohari NS, Izadpanah M, Vakhshiteh F, Farghadan M, Mohammadi Moghanjoghi S, Rahmati H, Shahzadeh Fazeli SA, Farzaneh P. Establishment and characteristics of Iranian Sistani cattle fibroblast bank: a way to genetic conservation. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-016-0640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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62
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Nelms BM, Thiemann TC, Bridges DN, Williams AE, Koschik ML, Ryan BM, Scott JJ. Bionomics and Vector Potential of Culex thriambus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Lake County, California. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1473-1481. [PMID: 27493251 PMCID: PMC5106824 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
California statewide West Nile virus (WNV) minimum infection rates in Culex thriambus Dyar mosquitoes are high; however, few specimens are submitted and tested each year, as their distribution seems limited to larval habitats along riparian systems. To evaluate the role of Cx. thriambus in the amplification, maintenance, and overwintering of WNV in Lake County, CA, the bionomics and vector potential of the species was investigated during 2014 and 2015. Culex thriambus was the most abundant mosquito species, with 1,153 adults and 7,624 immatures collected by vacuum aspiration and dip sampling, respectively, at the primary study site. Detection of WNV in four mosquito pools during September through November coincided with peak seasonality. Females entered and maintained a reproductive diapause during winter under field and seminatural conditions. Diapause was initiated in the majority of Cx. thriambus females by October and was terminated by 30 March. Some parous females (7.1%) and those in host-seeking arrest (7.1%) were collected throughout the winter period. An accrual of 679.51 degree-days (°D) was necessary for diapause termination under seminatural conditions. Culex thriambus females fed on 16 different avian species during spring and summer, and no mammalian feeds were detected. West Nile viral RNA was detected in four of 42 Cx. thriambus pools tested during June through November and infection rates ranged from 3.53-28.15/1,000 tested. In summary, WNV transmission may be increased along riparian corridors throughout California where Cx. thriambus mosquitoes remain relatively abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Nelms
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA 95453 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Tara C Thiemann
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA 95211 (; )
| | - Danielle N Bridges
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA 95453 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Alan E Williams
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA 95211 (; )
| | - Michelle L Koschik
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA 95453 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Bonnie M Ryan
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA 95453 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Jamesina J Scott
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA 95453 (; ; ; ; )
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63
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Abstract
Different genomic technologies have been applied to cell line authentication, but only one method (short tandem repeat [STR] profiling) has been the subject of a comprehensive and definitive standard (ASN-0002). Here we discuss the power of this document and why standards such as this are so critical for establishing the consensus technical criteria and practices that can enable progress in the fields of research that use cell lines. We also examine other methods that could be used for authentication and discuss how a combination of methods could be used in a holistic fashion to assess various critical aspects of the quality of cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Almeida
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Cole
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anne L. Plant
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
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64
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Fowles JS, Dailey DD, Gustafson DL, Thamm DH, Duval DL. The Flint Animal Cancer Center (FACC) Canine Tumour Cell Line Panel: a resource for veterinary drug discovery, comparative oncology and translational medicine. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:481-492. [PMID: 27197945 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cell tissue culture has been a critical tool leading to our current understanding of cancer including many aspects of cellular transformation, growth and response to therapies. The current use of large panels of cell lines with associated phenotypic and genotypic information now allows for informatics approaches and in silico screens to rapidly test hypotheses based on simple as well as complex relationships. Current cell line panels with large amounts of associated drug sensitivity and genomics data are comprised of human cancer cell lines (i.e. NCI60 and GDSC). There is increased recognition of the contribution of canine cancer to comparative cancer research as a spontaneous large animal model with application in basic and translational studies. We have assembled a panel of canine cancer cell lines to facilitate studies in canine cancer and report here phenotypic and genotypic data associated with these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Fowles
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Medical Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - D D Dailey
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Medical Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - D L Gustafson
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Medical Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D H Thamm
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Medical Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D L Duval
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Medical Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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65
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Fowles JS, Brown KC, Hess AM, Duval DL, Gustafson DL. Intra- and interspecies gene expression models for predicting drug response in canine osteosarcoma. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:93. [PMID: 26892349 PMCID: PMC4759767 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-0942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genomics-based predictors of drug response have the potential to improve outcomes associated with cancer therapy. Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary bone cancer in dogs, is commonly treated with adjuvant doxorubicin or carboplatin following amputation of the affected limb. We evaluated the use of gene-expression based models built in an intra- or interspecies manner to predict chemosensitivity and treatment outcome in canine OS. Models were built and evaluated using microarray gene expression and drug sensitivity data from human and canine cancer cell lines, and canine OS tumor datasets. The “COXEN” method was utilized to filter gene signatures between human and dog datasets based on strong co-expression patterns. Models were built using linear discriminant analysis via the misclassification penalized posterior algorithm. Results The best doxorubicin model involved genes identified in human lines that were co-expressed and trained on canine OS tumor data, which accurately predicted clinical outcome in 73 % of dogs (p = 0.0262, binomial). The best carboplatin model utilized canine lines for gene identification and model training, with canine OS tumor data for co-expression. Dogs whose treatment matched our predictions had significantly better clinical outcomes than those that didn’t (p = 0.0006, Log Rank), and this predictor significantly associated with longer disease free intervals in a Cox multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 0.3102, p = 0.0124). Conclusions Our data show that intra- and interspecies gene expression models can successfully predict response in canine OS, which may improve outcome in dogs and serve as pre-clinical validation for similar methods in human cancer research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-0942-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Fowles
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Medical Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kristen C Brown
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ann M Hess
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Medical Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. .,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Veterinary Medical Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. .,Shipley University Chair in Comparative Oncology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Room 246, Colorado State University VMC, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1620, USA.
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66
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Development of a cell line from the American eel brain expressing endothelial cell properties. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:395-409. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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67
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Yu M, Selvaraj SK, Liang-Chu MMY, Aghajani S, Busse M, Yuan J, Lee G, Peale F, Klijn C, Bourgon R, Kaminker JS, Neve RM. A resource for cell line authentication, annotation and quality control. Nature 2015; 520:307-11. [PMID: 25877200 DOI: 10.1038/nature14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell line misidentification, contamination and poor annotation affect scientific reproducibility. Here we outline simple measures to detect or avoid cross-contamination, present a framework for cell line annotation linked to short tandem repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism profiles, and provide a catalogue of synonymous cell lines. This resource will enable our community to eradicate the use of misidentified lines and generate credible cell-based data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamie Yu
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Suresh K Selvaraj
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - May M Y Liang-Chu
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Sahar Aghajani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Busse
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jean Yuan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Genee Lee
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Franklin Peale
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Christiaan Klijn
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Richard Bourgon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Joshua S Kaminker
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Richard M Neve
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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68
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Buehring GC, Shen HM, Jensen HM, Jin DL, Hudes M, Block G. Exposure to Bovine Leukemia Virus Is Associated with Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134304. [PMID: 26332838 PMCID: PMC4557937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age, reproductive history, hormones, genetics, and lifestyle are known risk factors for breast cancer, but the agents that initiate cellular changes from normal to malignant are not understood. We previously detected bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a common oncogenic virus of cattle, in the breast epithelium of humans. The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of BLV DNA in human mammary epithelium is associated with breast cancer. METHODS This was a case-control study of archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast tissues from 239 donors, received 2002-2008 from the Cooperative Human Tissue Network. Case definition as breast cancer versus normal (women with no history of breast cancer) was established through medical records and examination of tissues by an anatomical pathologist. Breast exposure to BLV was determined by in situ-PCR detection of a biomarker, BLV DNA, localized within mammary epithelium. RESULTS The frequency of BLV DNA in mammary epithelium from women with breast cancer (59%) was significantly higher than in normal controls (29%) (multiply- adjusted odds ratio = 3.07, confidence interval = 1.66-5.69, p = .0004, attributable risk = 37%). In women with premalignant breast changes the frequency of BLV DNA was intermediate (38%) between that of women with breast cancer and normal controls (p for trend < .001). CONCLUSIONS Among the specimens in this study, the presence of amplified BLV DNA was significantly associated with breast cancer. The odds ratio magnitude was comparable to those of well-established breast cancer risk factors related to reproductive history, hormones, and lifestyle and was exceeded only by risk factors related to genetics (familial breast cancer), high dose ionizing radiation, and age. These findings have the potential for primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude Case Buehring
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hua Min Shen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hanne M. Jensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Diana L. Jin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Hudes
- Atkins Center for Weight and Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Gladys Block
- Division of Community Health and Human Development, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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69
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Ye F, Chen C, Qin J, Liu J, Zheng C. Genetic profiling reveals an alarming rate of cross-contamination among human cell lines used in China. FASEB J 2015; 29:4268-72. [PMID: 26116706 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell lines are widely used as in vitro model systems in biologic and medical research. However, much of the research has been invalidated by the unwitting use of false cell lines. A significant proportion of the research involving human cell lines was initiated in China. Paradoxically, the cell lines used in China have never been authenticated. Here, we present a comprehensive survey of cross-contamination in 380 samples from 113 independent sources in China using short tandem repeat profiling methods. High levels of cross-contamination were uncovered (95 of 380, 25%). Notable false cell lines (e.g., KB and WISH) are still actively used under their false identity and tissue attributions. Most strikingly, 85.51% of lines established in China were misidentified (59 of 69) and accounted for over half of the misidentifications (59 of 95, 62.11%). Further, 93.22% of the contaminants in cell lines established in laboratories of China were HeLa cells or a possible hybrid of HeLa with an unknown cell line. Results from these misidentified lines have been published in thousands of potentially erroneous articles and may have distorted the findings visible to the scientific community. False lines have been used in drug screening, potentially leading to unusable or even harmful therapeutic strategies. We also noted the causes of contamination and provided suggestions for remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- *China Center for Type Culture Collection and State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Beijing Microread Genetics Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Chuguang Chen
- *China Center for Type Culture Collection and State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Beijing Microread Genetics Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Qin
- *China Center for Type Culture Collection and State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Beijing Microread Genetics Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- *China Center for Type Culture Collection and State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Beijing Microread Genetics Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- *China Center for Type Culture Collection and State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Beijing Microread Genetics Company, Limited, Beijing, China
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70
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Swaminathan TR, Basheer VS, Kumar R, Kathirvelpandian A, Sood N, Jena JK. Establishment and characterization of fin-derived cell line from ornamental carp, Cyprinus carpio koi, for virus isolation in India. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:705-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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71
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Sood N, Chaudhary DK, Pradhan PK, Verma DK, Raja Swaminathan T, Kushwaha B, Punia P, Jena JK. Establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line from thymus of striped snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch 1793). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:787-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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72
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Development and characterization of an endothelial cell line from the bulbus arteriosus of walleye, Sander vitreus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 180:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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73
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Vo NTK, Bender AW, Lee LEJ, Lumsden JS, Lorenzen N, Dixon B, Bols NC. Development of a walleye cell line and use to study the effects of temperature on infection by viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus group IVb. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:121-136. [PMID: 25589167 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A cell line, WE-cfin11f, with a fibroblast-like morphology was developed from a walleye caudal fin and used to study the intersection of thermobiology of walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), with the thermal requirements for replication of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) IVb. WE-cfin11f proliferated from 10 to 32 °C and endured as a monolayer for at least a week at 1-34 °C. WE-cfin11f adopted an epithelial shape and did not proliferate at 4 °C. Adding VHSV IVb to cultures at 4 and 14 °C but not 26 °C led to cytopathic effects (CPE) and virus production. At 4 °C, virus production developed more slowly, but Western blotting showed more N protein accumulation. Infecting monolayer cultures at 4 °C for 7 days and then shifting them to 26 °C resulted in the monolayers being broken in small areas by CPE, but with time at 26 °C, the monolayers were restored. These results suggest that at 26 °C, the VHSV IVb life cycle stages responsible for CPE can be completed, but the production of virus and the initiation of infections cannot be accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T K Vo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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74
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Buehring GC, Shen HM, Jensen HM, Choi KY, Sun D, Nuovo G. Bovine leukemia virus DNA in human breast tissue. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:772-82. [PMID: 24750974 PMCID: PMC4012802 DOI: 10.3201/eid2005.131298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a deltaretrovirus, causes B-cell leukemia/lymphoma in cattle and is prevalent in herds globally. A previous finding of antibodies against BLV in humans led us to examine the possibility of human infection with BLV. We focused on breast tissue because, in cattle, BLV DNA and protein have been found to be more abundant in mammary epithelium than in lymphocytes. In human breast tissue specimens, we identified BLV DNA by using nested liquid-phase PCR and DNA sequencing. Variations from the bovine reference sequence were infrequent and limited to base substitutions. In situ PCR and immunohistochemical testing localized BLV to the secretory epithelium of the breast. Our finding of BLV in human tissues indicates a risk for the acquisition and proliferation of this virus in humans. Further research is needed to determine whether BLV may play a direct role in human disease.
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75
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Geraghty RJ, Capes-Davis A, Davis JM, Downward J, Freshney RI, Knezevic I, Lovell-Badge R, Masters JRW, Meredith J, Stacey GN, Thraves P, Vias M. Guidelines for the use of cell lines in biomedical research. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1021-46. [PMID: 25117809 PMCID: PMC4453835 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-line misidentification and contamination with microorganisms, such as mycoplasma, together with instability, both genetic and phenotypic, are among the problems that continue to affect cell culture. Many of these problems are avoidable with the necessary foresight, and these Guidelines have been prepared to provide those new to the field and others engaged in teaching and instruction with the information necessary to increase their awareness of the problems and to enable them to deal with them effectively. The Guidelines cover areas such as development, acquisition, authentication, cryopreservation, transfer of cell lines between laboratories, microbial contamination, characterisation, instability and misidentification. Advice is also given on complying with current legal and ethical requirements when deriving cell lines from human and animal tissues, the selection and maintenance of equipment and how to deal with problems that may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Geraghty
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge
Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way,
Cambridge
CB2 0RE, UK
| | - A Capes-Davis
- CellBank Australia, Children's
Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23,
Wentworthville, New South Wales
2145, Australia
| | - J M Davis
- School of Life and Medical Sciences,
University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield,
Hertfordshire
AL10 9AB, UK
| | - J Downward
- Cancer Research UK, London Research
Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London
WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - R I Freshney
- Institute for Cancer Sciences,
University of Glasgow, 24 Greenwood Drive, Bearsden,
Glasgow
G61 2HA, UK
| | - I Knezevic
- Department of Essential Medicines and
Health Products, Quality, Safety and Standards Team, World Health
Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211
Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - R Lovell-Badge
- MRC National Institute for Medical
Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London
NW7 1AA, UK
| | - J R W Masters
- University College London, 67 Riding
House Street, London
W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - J Meredith
- Cancer Research UK, Angel Building,
407 St John Street, London
EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - G N Stacey
- National Institute for Biological
Standards and Control, A Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products
Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts
EN6 3QG, UK
| | - P Thraves
- Culture Collections, Public Health
England, Porton Down, Salisbury
SP4 0JG, UK
| | - M Vias
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge
Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way,
Cambridge
CB2 0RE, UK
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76
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Derivation of a continuous myogenic cell culture from an embryo of common killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 175:15-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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77
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Abstract
Cell-line misidentification and contamination with microorganisms, such as mycoplasma, together with instability, both genetic and phenotypic, are among the problems that continue to affect cell culture. Many of these problems are avoidable with the necessary foresight, and these Guidelines have been prepared to provide those new to the field and others engaged in teaching and instruction with the information necessary to increase their awareness of the problems and to enable them to deal with them effectively. The Guidelines cover areas such as development, acquisition, authentication, cryopreservation, transfer of cell lines between laboratories, microbial contamination, characterisation, instability and misidentification. Advice is also given on complying with current legal and ethical requirements when deriving cell lines from human and animal tissues, the selection and maintenance of equipment and how to deal with problems that may arise.
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78
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Gabrielli M, Cardoso YP, Benitez V, Gozzi AC, Guichón ML, Lizarralde MS. Genetic characterization ofCallosciurus(Rodentia: Sciuridae) Asiatic squirrels introduced in Argentina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2014.940006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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79
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Development and preclinical testing of HNVAC, a cell culture-based H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine from India. Vaccine 2014; 32:3636-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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80
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Goswami M, Sharma BS, Yadav K, Bahuguna SN, Lakra WS. Establishment and characterization of a piscean PCF cell line for toxicity and gene expression studies as in vitro model. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:206-12. [PMID: 24852132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new piscean fibroblastic cell line termed as PCF derived from the caudal fin tissue of dark mahseer, Puntius (Tor) chelynoides was established and characterized in the present study which was found to be suitable for toxicity and gene expression studies as in vitro model. The cell line grew well in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were able to grow at a temperature ranging from 20 to 28 °C with an optimal growth at 24 °C and the cell line have been expanded in culture for more than 70 passages. Authentication of the cell line was carried out using mitochondrial DNA markers (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA). Presence of vimentin in the cells confirmed the fibroblastic origin of cell line. Significant cytopathic effects were observed upon exposure of PCF cell line to bacterial extracellular products and the study also validated the suitability of cell line in transgenic applications as well as in genotoxicity assessment as an in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goswami
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, India.
| | - B S Sharma
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Kamalendra Yadav
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - S N Bahuguna
- HNB Garhwal University, PO Box 70, Srinagar/Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - W S Lakra
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
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Dubey A, Goswami M, Yadav K, Sharma BS. Development and characterization of a cell line WAF from freshwater shark Wallago attu. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:915-24. [PMID: 24381102 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new epithelial cell line, WAF was developed from caudal fin of freshwater shark, Wallago attu. The cell line was optimally maintained at 28 °C in Leibovitz-15 (L-15) medium supplemented with 20 % fetal bovine serum. The cell line was characterized by various cytogenetic and molecular markers. The cytogenetic analysis revealed a diploid count of 86 chromosomes at different passages. The origin of the cell lines was confirmed by the amplification of 547 and 654 bp sequences of 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes of mitochondrial DNA, respectively. WAF cells were characterized for their growth characteristics at different temperature and serum concentration. Epithelial morphology of the cell line was confirmed using immunocytochemistry. Further cell plating efficiency, transfection efficiency and viability of cryopreserved WAF cells was also determined. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of cadmium salts on WAF cells by MTT, NR and comet assay illustrated the utility of this cell line as an in vitro model for aquatic toxicological studies. The cell line will be further useful for studying oxidative stress markers against aquatic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Dubey
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, India
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83
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Vo NTK, Bufalino MR, Hartlen KD, Kitaev V, Lee LEJ. Cytotoxicity evaluation of silica nanoparticles using fish cell lines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:427-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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84
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Nelms BM, Kothera L, Thiemann T, Macedo PA, Savage HM, Reisen WK. Phenotypic variation among Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from the Sacramento Valley, California: horizontal and vertical transmission of West Nile virus, diapause potential, autogeny, and host selection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:1168-78. [PMID: 24043690 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The vector competence and bionomics of Culex pipiens form pipiens L. and Cx. pipiens f. molestus Forskäl were evaluated for populations from the Sacramento Valley. Both f. pipiens and f. molestus females became infected, produced disseminated infections, and were able to transmit West Nile virus. Form molestus females also transmitted West Nile virus vertically to egg rafts and F1 progeny, whereas f. pipiens females only transmitted to egg rafts. Culex pipiens complex from urban Sacramento blood-fed on seven different avian species and two mammalian species. Structure analysis of blood-fed mosquitoes identified K = 4 genetic clusters: f. molestus, f. pipiens, a group of genetically similar hybrids (Cluster X), and admixed individuals. When females were exposed as larvae to midwinter conditions in bioenvironmental chambers, 85% (N = 79) of aboveground Cx. pipiens complex females and 100% (N = 34) of underground f. molestus females did not enter reproductive diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Nelms
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District, Elk Grove, California
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85
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Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Thiemann T. Host selection patterns of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) at wetlands near the Salton Sea, Coachella Valley, California, 1998-2002. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 50:1071-6. [PMID: 24180112 PMCID: PMC3918163 DOI: 10.1603/me13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The bloodmeal hosts used by Culex tarsalis Coquillett collected along the Salton Sea in Coachella Valley, CA, during 1998-2002 were identified using sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene identified from Barcode of Life database. Overall, 265 (83.3%) of 318 bloodmeals were identified, of which 76.6% fed on birds, 18.1% on mammals, and 5.3% on reptiles. Forty-seven different hosts were identified, none of which comprised > 12.5% of the total. Although Cx. tarsalis exhibits specific host-seeking flight patterns, bloodmeals seemed to be acquired opportunistically, thereby limiting potential arbovirus transmission efficiency in species-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Reisen
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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86
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Wu ML, Liao LC, Chen CY, Lee SY, Yuan GF, Hwang SM. A 2-yr service report of cell line authentication. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:743-5. [PMID: 23943492 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Wu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, 331 Shih-pin road, Hsinchu, 30062, Taiwan
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Development and characterization of a new cell line CF from caudal fin of knifefish, Chitala chitala (Hamilton-Buchanan). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:728-33. [PMID: 23877365 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new cell line was successfully obtained from caudal fin tissue of the economically important freshwater fish Chitala chitala. The cell line was optimally maintained at 28°C in Leibovitz's L-15 supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The effects of temperature and concentration of FBS on the growth of CF cells were examined. The CF cell line consisted predominantly of fibroblastic-like cells. Moderately low plating efficiencies 8%, 11%, and 17% were observed, with CF cell line in L-15 Medium with 20% FBS. Chromosomal analysis of the cell line revealed a diploid number of 42 chromosomes in C. chitala. Molecular characterization of mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I confirmed the origin of the cell line. The cells were successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) for 6 mo, and more than 85-90% of CF cells were revived.
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A SRCF cell line from snowtrout, Schizothorax richardsonii: Development and characterization. Tissue Cell 2013; 45:219-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Steube KG, Koelz AL, Uphoff CC, Drexler HG, Kluess J, Steinberg P. The necessity of identity assessment of animal intestinal cell lines: A case report. Cytotechnology 2012; 64:373-8. [PMID: 22193509 PMCID: PMC3397115 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight intestinal cell lines, established from different animal species were submitted to DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures) in order to analyze their species of origin and their microbial contamination. Species identity was determined by PCR targeting mitochondrial genes and hence confirmed by sequencing the amplified PCR products. For three cell lines (CIEB, CLAB, PSI-1) we confirmed the species identity, whereas the species of origin of the three other cell lines (B6, B10XI and IPEC) was not the expected one: B6 and B10XI cells, which were supposed to be of chicken origin were identified as porcine cells. IPEC, allegedly a sub clone of the well-known porcine intestinal cell line IPEC-J2, was of bovine instead of porcine origin. However, two further IPEC-clones, namely IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2, provided by another source were shown to be derived from the correct species (i.e. pig). Furthermore, six out of these eight cell lines turned out to be highly contaminated with mycoplasma. Alerted by this high incidence of infected and false specified cell lines, we feel obliged to inform all those working with animal intestinal cell lines and we strongly recommend verifying the species identity before using them. Also, the presence of mycoplasma should be tested when taking the cells in culture for the first time, and this mycoplasma control should be repeated at regular time intervals (e.g. every 4 weeks).
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus G Steube
- Leibniz-Institut, DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany,
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Yadav K, Lakra WS, Sharma J, Goswami M, Singh A. Development and characterization of a cell line TTCF from endangered mahseer Tor tor (Ham.). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:1035-1045. [PMID: 22203177 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tor tor is an important game and food fish of India with a distribution throughout Asia from the trans-Himalayan region to the Mekong River basin to Malaysia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia. A new cell line named TTCF was developed from the caudal fin of T. tor for the first time. The cell line was optimally maintained at 28°C in Leibovitz-15 (L-15) medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The propagation of TTCF cells showed a high plating efficiency of 63.00%. The cytogenetic analysis revealed a diploid count of 100 chromosomes at passage 15, 30, 45 and 60 passages. The viability of the TTCF cell line was found to be 72% after 6 months of cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). The origin of the cell lines was confirmed by the amplification of 578- and 655-bp sequences of 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) respectively. TTCF cells were successfully transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter plasmids. Further, immunocytochemistry studies confirm its fibroblastic morphology of cells. Genotoxicity assessment of H₂O₂ in TTCF cell line revealed the utility of TTCF cell line as in vitro model for aquatic toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yadav
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Lucknow, UP, 226002, India.
| | - W S Lakra
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - J Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - M Goswami
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - Akhilesh Singh
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
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91
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THIEMANN TC, LEMENAGER DA, KLUH S, CARROLL BD, LOTHROP HD, REISEN WK. Spatial variation in host feeding patterns of Culex tarsalis and the Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in California. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 49:903-16. [PMID: 22897051 PMCID: PMC3542768 DOI: 10.1603/me11272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) is now endemic in California across a variety of ecological regions that support a wide diversity of potential avian and mammalian host species. Because different avian hosts have varying competence for WNV, determining the blood-feeding patterns of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors is a key component in understanding the maintenance and amplification of the virus as well as tangential transmission to humans and horses. We investigated the blood-feeding patterns of Culex tarsalis Coquillett and members of the Culex pipiens L. complex from southern to northern California. Nearly 100 different host species were identified from 1,487 bloodmeals, by using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). Cx. tarsalis fed on a higher diversity of hosts and more frequently on nonhuman mammals than did the Cx. pipiens complex. Several WNV-competent host species, including house finch and house sparrow, were common bloodmeal sources for both vector species across several biomes and could account for WNV maintenance and amplification in these areas. Highly competent American crow, western scrub-jay and yellow-billed magpie also were fed upon often when available and are likely important as amplifying hosts for WNV in some areas. Neither species fed frequently on humans (Cx. pipiens complex [0.4%], Cx. tarsalis [0.2%]), but with high abundance, both species could serve as both enzootic and bridge vectors for WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. THIEMANN
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - D. A. LEMENAGER
- Sutter-Yuba Mosquito and Vector Control District, P.O. Box 726, Yuba City, CA 95992
| | - S. KLUH
- Greater Los Angeles County Vector Control District, 12545 Florence Ave., Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670
| | - B. D. CARROLL
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - H. D. LOTHROP
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - W. K. REISEN
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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92
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Überprüfung der Spezies und Reinheit von Zelllinien mittels Multiplex-PCR. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-011-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Thiemann TC, Reisen WK. Evaluating sampling method bias in Culex tarsalis and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) bloodmeal identification studies. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 49:143-149. [PMID: 22308782 DOI: 10.1603/me11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Determining the bloodmeal hosts of the Culex vectors of encephalitis viruses such as West Nile virus is essential for understanding the role of these mosquitoes in enzootic and epidemic transmission. Although molecular techniques have increased our knowledge of blood feeding patterns by allowing host identification to the species level, few studies have focused on the role that sampling methods may play in determining these patterns. In the current study, we identified 644 bloodmeals from Culex tarsalis Coquillett and Culex quinquefasciatus Say females collected in CO2 traps (dry ice-baited Center for Disease Control traps), in gravid traps, and aspirated from resting sites. There was no significant difference in the bloodmeal host apportionment in sampling methods such as gravid traps and resting collections that collected fully engorged females. However, CO2 traps that collected partially fed females had a significantly different apportionment of hosts than either gravid or resting collections. Bloodfed females from CO2 traps had either fed on only a small subset of available host species or were biased toward more mammalian and fewer nonpasserine avian feeds than females from other collections. Because both full and partial bloodmeals can contribute to viral transmission, obtaining Culex bloodmeal collections from multiple sampling methods may be important to fully interpret the role of these mosquitoes as maintenance and/or bridge vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Thiemann
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Abstract
The FISH-BOL campaign was initiated in 2005, and currently has barcoded for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene about 8,000 of the 31,000 fish species currently recognised. This includes the great majority of the world's most important commercial species. Results thus far show that about 98% and 93% of marine and freshwater species, respectively, are barcode distinguishable. One important issue that needs to be more fully addressed in FISH-BOL concerns the initial misidentification of a small number of barcode reference specimens. This is unsurprising considering the large number of fish species, some of which are morphologically very similar and others as yet unrecognised, but constant vigilance and ongoing attention by the FISH-BOL community is required to eliminate such errors. Once the reference library has been established, barcoding enables the identification of unknown fishes at any life history stage or from their fragmentary remains. The many uses of the FISH-BOL barcode library include detecting consumer fraud, aiding fisheries management, improving ecological analyses including food web syntheses, and assisting with taxonomic revisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Ward
- Wealth from Oceans Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Tasmania, Australia.
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Comment to: "Spontaneous transformation of adult mesenchymal stem cells from cynomolgus macaques in vitro" by Z. Ren et al. Exp. Cell Res. 317 (2011) 2950-2957: spontaneous transformation of mesenchymal stem cells in culture: facts or fiction? Exp Cell Res 2011; 318:441-3. [PMID: 22227410 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is at present a controversy in the literature whether MSCs are susceptible to spontaneous in vitro transformation or not. Several groups have reported spontaneous transformation of MSCs from various species. However, some of these reports were not true transformations and later proven to be due to cross-contaminating cancer cells. To date there is no solid evidence that MSCs can undergo spontaneous transformation in culture. Only two groups used DNA fingerprinting to authenticate their transformed cells, and both groups later showed cross-contamination of cancer cells in their cultures. In this commentary, we address the paper "Spontaneous transformation of adult mesenchymal stem cells from cynomolgus macaques in vitro" by Z. Ren et al. Exp. Cell Res. 317 (2011) 2950-2957. In this article the authors characterize the transformed mesenchymal cells (TMCs) and claim to have verified their origin. We question the authentication of the TMCs made by the authors and we also believe it is in the interest of the scientific community, that a highly controversial finding, such as spontaneous transformation of MSCs, should be properly verified by stringent methods, preferably DNA fingerprinting, in order to validate if an actual transformation event has occurred.
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96
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Thiemann TC, Wheeler SS, Barker CM, Reisen WK. Mosquito host selection varies seasonally with host availability and mosquito density. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1452. [PMID: 22206038 PMCID: PMC3243726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Host selection by vector mosquitoes is a critical component of virus proliferation, particularly for viruses such as West Nile (WNV) that are transmitted enzootically to a variety of avian hosts, and tangentially to dead-end hosts such as humans. Culex tarsalis is a principal vector of WNV in rural areas of western North America. Based on previous work, Cx. tarsalis utilizes a variety of avian and mammalian hosts and tends to feed more frequently on mammals in the late summer than during the rest of the year. To further explore this and other temporal changes in host selection, bloodfed females were collected at a rural farmstead and heron nesting site in Northern California from May 2008 through May 2009, and bloodmeal hosts identified using either a microsphere-based array or by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. Host composition during summer was dominated by four species of nesting Ardeidae. In addition, the site was populated with various passerine species as well as domestic farm animals and humans. When present, Cx. tarsalis fed predominantly (>80%) upon the ardeids, with Black-crowned Night-Herons, a highly competent WNV host, the most prevalent summer host. As the ardeids fledged and left the area and mosquito abundance increased in late summer, Cx. tarsalis feeding shifted to include more mammals, primarily cattle, and a high diversity of avian species. In the winter, Yellow-billed Magpies and House Sparrows were the predominant hosts, and Yellow-billed Magpies and American Robins were fed upon more frequently than expected given their relative abundance. These data demonstrated that host selection was likely based both on host availability and differences in utilization, that the shift of bloodfeeding to include more mammalian hosts was likely the result of both host availability and increased mosquito abundance, and that WNV-competent hosts were fed upon by Cx. tarsalis throughout the year. West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted from one vertebrate host to another by the bite of a mosquito. The virus is maintained primarily in birds, but can also be transmitted to mammals such as horses and humans which may suffer severe neurological disease. Culex tarsalis is a primary mosquito vector of WNV in the western United States. Because this mosquito will bite a variety of host species, understanding bloodfeeding patterns and host selection is important for understanding WNV transmission. In our study, the bloodfeeding patterns of Cx. tarsalis varied markedly throughout the year. During summer nesting herons were utilized almost exclusively; avian host diversity increased in the fall, when an increase in the proportion of bloodfeeding on mammals was also observed. Yellow-billed Magpies and House Sparrows were common hosts in the winter, when no mammalian bloodmeals were detected. Seasonal shifts corresponded to both changes in host availability and mosquito density; however, WNV-competent hosts were fed upon throughout the year. This work supports the role of Cx. tarsalis as a vector of WNV to both avian and mammalian hosts and provides insight into seasonal changes in host selection that may influence the seasonality of WNV transmission to equines and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C. Thiemann
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah S. Wheeler
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - William K. Reisen
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alcoser SY, Kimmel DJ, Borgel SD, Carter JP, Dougherty KM, Hollingshead MG. Real-time PCR-based assay to quantify the relative amount of human and mouse tissue present in tumor xenografts. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:124. [PMID: 22176647 PMCID: PMC3281124 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xenograft samples used to test anti-cancer drug efficacies and toxicities in vivo contain an unknown mix of mouse and human cells. Evaluation of drug activity can be confounded by samples containing large amounts of contaminating mouse tissue. We have developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay using TaqMan technology to quantify the amount of mouse tissue that is incorporated into human xenograft samples. Results The forward and reverse primers bind to the same DNA sequence in the human and the mouse genome. Using a set of specially designed fluorescent probes provides species specificity. The linearity and sensitivity of the assay is evaluated using serial dilutions of single species and heterogeneous DNA mixtures. We examined many xenograft samples at various in vivo passages, finding a wide variety of human:mouse DNA ratios. This variation may be influenced by tumor type, number of serial passages in vivo, and even which part of the tumor was collected and used in the assay. Conclusions This novel assay provides an accurate quantitative assessment of human and mouse content in xenograft tumors. This assay can be performed on aberrantly behaving human xenografts, samples used in bioinformatics studies, and periodically for tumor tissue frequently grown by serial passage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Y Alcoser
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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98
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Thiemann TC, Brault AC, Ernest HB, Reisen WK. Development of a high-throughput microsphere-based molecular assay to identify 15 common bloodmeal hosts of Culex mosquitoes. Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 12:238-46. [PMID: 22136215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For vectorborne infections, host selection by bloodfeeding arthropods dictates the interaction between host and pathogen. Because Culex mosquitoes that transmit West Nile virus (WNV) feed both on mammalian and avian hosts with varying competence, understanding the bloodfeeding patterns of these mosquitoes is important for understanding the transmission dynamics of WNV. Herein, we describe a new microsphere-based assay using Luminex xMAP® technology to rapidly identify 15 common hosts of Culex mosquitoes at our California study sites. The assay was verified with over 100 known vertebrate species samples and was used in conjunction with DNA sequencing to identify over 125 avian and mammalian host species from unknown Culex bloodmeals, more quickly and with less expense than sequencing alone. In addition, with multiplexed labelled probes, this microsphere array identified mixed bloodmeals that were difficult to discern with traditional sequencing. The microsphere set was easily expanded or reduced according to host range in a specific area, and this assay has made it possible to rapidly screen thousands of Culex spp. bloodmeals to extend our understanding of WNV transmission patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Thiemann
- Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Kumar D, Beach NM, Meng XJ, Hegde NR. Use of PCR-based assays for the detection of the adventitious agent porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in vaccines, and for confirming the identity of cell substrates and viruses used in vaccine production. J Virol Methods 2011; 179:201-11. [PMID: 22079617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Safety and quality are important issues for vaccines. Whereas reversion to virulence poses a safety risk with live attenuated vaccines, the potential for the presence of adventitious agents is also an issue of vaccine quality. The recent detection or porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in human vaccines has further highlighted the importance of quality control in vaccine production. The purpose of this study was to use a novel conventional PCR to detect PCV1, and subsequently screen materials used in the manufacture of vaccines at Bharat Biotech International Limited, India. The genome or gene fragments of PCV1 were not detected in any of the vaccines and materials tested, including the live attenuated rotavirus vaccine candidate ROTAVAC(®). Further, the identity of the cells and the viruses used as starting materials in the manufacture of these vaccines was confirmed by species-specific PCR or virus-specific RT-PCR, and no cross-contamination was detected in any case. The methods can be applied for regular in-house quality control screening of raw materials and seeds/banks, as well as formulated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, India
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The Observation of Cell Growth in The Primary Culture of Transplantation Tumor Through GFP Readout*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2010.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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