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Abstract
The clinical onset of type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas and is caused by autoantigen-induced inflammation (insulitis) of the islets of Langerhans. The current standard of care for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients allows for management of the disease with exogenous insulin, but patients eventually succumb to many chronic complications such as limb amputation, blindness, and kidney failure. New therapeutic approaches now on the horizon are looking beyond glycemic management and are evaluating new strategies from protecting and regenerating endogenous islets to treating the underlying autoimmunity through selective modulation of key immune cell populations. Currently, there are no effective treatments for the autoimmunity that causes the disease, and strategies that aim to delay or prevent the onset of the disease will play an important role in the future of diabetes research. In this review, we summarize many of the key efforts underway that utilize molecular approaches to selectively modulate this disease and look at new therapeutic paradigms that can transform clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sheehy
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Sean Quinnell
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Arturo J. Vegas
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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Sommese L, Benincasa G, Lanza M, Sorriento A, Schiano C, Lucchese R, Alfano R, Nicoletti GF, Napoli C. Novel epigenetic-sensitive clinical challenges both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:1076-1084. [PMID: 30190170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics modulated tissue-specific gene expression during the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and their complications. METHODS We searched the PubMed recent studies about the main epigenetic tags involved in type 1 and type 2 diabetes onset and their clinical complications. PubMed studies about the epigenetic tags involved in type 1 and 2 diabetes onset was searched. RESULTS The epigenetic methylation maps of cord blood samples highlighted differences in the methylation status of CpG sites within the MHC genes between carriers of diabetes type 1 DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 risk haplotypes. β cell-derived unmethylated INS DNA showed the decline of β-cell mass preserving insulin secretion. Differentially methylated regions in pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetes covered PDX1, TCF7L2, and ADCY5 promoters during islet dysfunction. The recruitment of SET7 and SUV39H1 histone methyltransferases and LSD-1 lysine-specific demethylase-1 at NF-kβ-p65 promoter in vascular cells was involved in coronary heart disease. Neutrophil extracellular trap, activated by protein arginine deiminase-4, impaired wound healing from diabetic foot ulcers. MiR-199a-3p over-expression induced coagulative cascade, swelling and pain by a down-regulation of SERPIN-E2 in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A DNA hypo-methylation and histone hyper-acetylation at MIOX promoter led an overexpression of ROS, fibronectin, HIF-1α, and NOX-4 associated with diabetic tubulopathy. A hypo-methylation of H3K4 at SOD2 promoter by LSD-1 increased ROS causing diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetics played a relevant role in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers/analysis
- DNA Methylation/physiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetic Foot/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Precision Medicine/trends
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sommese
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Lanza
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Sorriento
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Lucchese
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Alfano
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
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53
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Astro V, Adamo A. Epigenetic Control of Endocrine Pancreas Differentiation in vitro: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:141. [PMID: 30410880 PMCID: PMC6209628 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The raising worldwide prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) solicits the derivation of in vitro methods yielding mature and fully functional β-cells to be used in regenerative medicine. Several protocols to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into human pancreatic β-like cells have recently been developed. These methods, coupled with a bioengineering approach using biocompatible encapsulating devices, have recently led to experimental clinical trials showing great promises to ultimately end the battle of diabetic patients for managing hyperglycemia. However, in vitro differentiation protocols face the challenge of achieving homogenous population of mono-hormonal insulin-secreting mature β-cells. Major epigenetic events such as DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and non-coding RNAs expression, orchestrate physiological endocrine pancreas specification into α-, β-, γ-, and δ-cells, both in vivo and in vitro. The dysregulation of such epigenetic processes is associated to multiple pancreatic disorders including diabetes. Understanding the epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape underlying endocrine pancreas development could, therefore, improve in vitro differentiation methods. In this review, we summarize the most effective protocols for in vitro differentiation of hESCs/hiPSCs toward pancreatic β-cells and we discuss the current limitations in the derivation of functional glucose-responsive, insulin-releasing β-cells. Moreover, we focus on the main transcriptional and epigenetic events leading to pancreatic specification and on the applicative potential of novel epigenetic drugs for the establishment of innovative pharmacological therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Astro
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Adamo
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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54
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Corbin KD, Driscoll KA, Pratley RE, Smith SR, Maahs DM, Mayer-Davis EJ. Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, and Mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:629-663. [PMID: 30060120 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity in people with type 1 diabetes in recent years. Although obesity has long been recognized as a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and a catalyst for complications, much less is known about the role of obesity in the initiation and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that obesity contributes to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic complications in type 1 diabetes. Unique therapeutic strategies may be required to address these comorbidities within the context of intensive insulin therapy, which promotes weight gain. There is an urgent need for clinical guidelines for the prevention and management of obesity in type 1 diabetes. The development of these recommendations will require a transdisciplinary research strategy addressing metabolism, molecular mechanisms, lifestyle, neuropsychology, and novel therapeutics. In this review, the prevalence, clinical impact, energy balance physiology, and potential mechanisms of obesity in type 1 diabetes are described, with a special focus on the substantial gaps in knowledge in this field. Our goal is to provide a framework for the evidence base needed to develop type 1 diabetes-specific weight management recommendations that account for the competing outcomes of glycemic control and weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Corbin
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kimberly A Driscoll
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.,Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Richard E Pratley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - David M Maahs
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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55
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Dietary Cows' Milk Protein A1 Beta-Casein Increases the Incidence of T1D in NOD Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091291. [PMID: 30213104 PMCID: PMC6163334 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of cows’ milk containing beta-casein protein A1 variant to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been controversial for decades. Despite epidemiological data demonstrating a relationship between A1 beta-casein consumption and T1D incidence, direct evidence is limited. We demonstrate that early life exposure to A1 beta-casein through the diet can modify progression to diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, with the effect apparent in later generations. Adult NOD mice from the F0 generation and all subsequent generations (F1 to F4) were fed either A1 or A2 beta-casein supplemented diets. Diabetes incidence in F0–F2 generations was similar in both cohorts of mice. However, diabetes incidence doubled in the F3 generation NOD mice fed an A1 beta-casein supplemented diet. In F4 NOD mice, subclinical insulitis and altered glucose handling was evident as early as 10 weeks of age in A1 fed mice only. A significant decrease in the proportion of non-conventional regulatory T cell subset defined as CD4+CD25−FoxP3+ was evident in the F4 generation of A1 fed mice. This feeding intervention study demonstrates that dietary A1 beta-casein may affect glucose homeostasis and T1D progression, although this effect takes generations to manifest.
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56
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Balaji S, Napolitano T, Silvano S, Friano ME, Garrido-Utrilla A, Atlija J, Collombat P. Epigenetic Control of Pancreatic Regeneration in Diabetes. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9090448. [PMID: 30205460 PMCID: PMC6162679 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are conditions that are associated with the loss of insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreas. An active research therefore aims at regenerating these β-cells with the hope that they could restore euglycemia. The approaches classically used consist in mimicking embryonic development, making use of diverse cell sources or converting pre-existing pancreatic cells. Despite impressive progresses and promising successes, it appears that we still need to gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying β-cell development. This becomes even more obvious with the emergence of a relatively new field of research, epigenetics. The current review therefore focuses on the latest advances in this field in the context of β-cell (neo-)genesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Balaji
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, FR-06100 Nice, France.
| | - Tiziana Napolitano
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, FR-06100 Nice, France.
| | - Serena Silvano
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, FR-06100 Nice, France.
| | - Marika Elsa Friano
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, FR-06100 Nice, France.
| | | | - Josipa Atlija
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, FR-06100 Nice, France.
| | - Patrick Collombat
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, FR-06100 Nice, France.
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57
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Martin SL, Royston KJ, Tollefsbol TO. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs and Isothiocyanates in Cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700913. [PMID: 29532604 PMCID: PMC6248329 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortalities in the United States, only exceeded by heart disease. Current cancer treatments include chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation. Due to the often harsh effects of current cancer therapies, investigators are focusing their efforts on cancer prevention mediated by dietary phytochemicals. Since the discovery that cancer can be initiated by and progressed through both genetic and epigenetic pathways, there has been a significant surge in studies on epigenetic effects mediated by nutritive compounds. Isothiocyanates, naturally occurring molecules found in cruciferous vegetables, have been documented to exhibit many anticarcinogenic activities. Although isothiocyanates have been extensively documented as key players in epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, their effects on non-coding RNAs is understudied. Non-coding RNAs are molecules that target mRNA production and repress protein translation and are known to be dysregulated in various human malignancies. Studies have used non-coding RNAs as novel targets for exploration in cancer therapy. This review focuses on the exploration of isothiocyanates and their effect on non-coding RNAs in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kendra J. Royston
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Narayanan S, Loganathan G, Mokshagundam S, Hughes MG, Williams SK, Balamurugan AN. Endothelial cell regulation through epigenetic mechanisms: Depicting parallels and its clinical application within an intra-islet microenvironment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:120-133. [PMID: 29953914 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intra-islet endothelial cells (ECs), the building blocks of islet microvasculature, govern a number of cellular and pathophysiological processes associated with the pancreatic tissue. These cells are key to the angiogenic process and essential for islet revascularization after transplantation. Understanding fundamental mechanisms by which ECs regulate the angiogenic process is important as these cells maintain and regulate the intra-islet environment facilitated by a complex signaling crosstalk with the surrounding endocrine cells. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the impact of epigenetic regulation on islet cell development and function. This review will present an overview of the reports involving endothelial epigenetic mechanisms particularly focusing on histone modifications which have been identified to play a critical role in governing EC functions by modifying the chromatin structure. A better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms by which these cells regulate gene expression and function to orchestrate cellular physiology and pathology is likely to offer improved insights on the functioning and regulation of an intra-islet endothelial microvascular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Narayanan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Gopalakrishnan Loganathan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | | | - Michael G Hughes
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Stuart K Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Appakalai N Balamurugan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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Størdal K, McArdle HJ, Hayes H, Tapia G, Viken MK, Lund-Blix NA, Haugen M, Joner G, Skrivarhaug T, Mårild K, Njølstad PR, Eggesbø M, Mandal S, Page CM, London SJ, Lie BA, Stene LC. Prenatal iron exposure and childhood type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9067. [PMID: 29899542 PMCID: PMC5998022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload due to environmental or genetic causes have been associated diabetes. We hypothesized that prenatal iron exposure is associated with higher risk of childhood type 1 diabetes. In the Norwegian Mother and Child cohort study (n = 94,209 pregnancies, n = 373 developed type 1 diabetes) the incidence of type 1 diabetes was higher in children exposed to maternal iron supplementation than unexposed (36.8/100,000/year compared to 28.6/100,000/year, adjusted hazard ratio 1.33, 95%CI: 1.06-1.67). Cord plasma biomarkers of high iron status were non-significantly associated with higher risk of type 1 diabetes (ferritin OR = 1.05 [95%CI: 0.99-1.13] per 50 mg/L increase; soluble transferrin receptor: OR = 0.91 [95%CI: 0.81-1.01] per 0.5 mg/L increase). Maternal but not fetal HFE genotypes causing high/intermediate iron stores were associated with offspring diabetes (odds ratio: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.02). Maternal anaemia or non-iron dietary supplements did not significantly predict type 1 diabetes. Perinatal iron exposures were not associated with cord blood DNA genome-wide methylation, but fetal HFE genotype was associated with differential fetal methylation near HFE. Maternal cytokines in mid-pregnancy of the pro-inflammatory M1 pathway differed by maternal iron supplements and HFE genotype. Our results suggest that exposure to iron during pregnancy may be a risk factor for type 1 diabetes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketil Størdal
- Department of non-communicable diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Pediatric Department, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway.
| | - Harry J McArdle
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Helen Hayes
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - German Tapia
- Department of non-communicable diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte K Viken
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicolai A Lund-Blix
- Department of non-communicable diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Joner
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torild Skrivarhaug
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl Mårild
- Department of non-communicable diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siddhartha Mandal
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian M Page
- Department of non-communicable diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie J London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars C Stene
- Department of non-communicable diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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60
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Rizzetto L, Fava F, Tuohy KM, Selmi C. Connecting the immune system, systemic chronic inflammation and the gut microbiome: The role of sex. J Autoimmun 2018; 92:12-34. [PMID: 29861127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unresolved low grade systemic inflammation represents the underlying pathological mechanism driving immune and metabolic pathways involved in autoimmune diseases (AID). Mechanistic studies in animal models of AID and observational studies in patients have found alterations in gut microbiota communities and their metabolites, suggesting a microbial contribution to the onset or progression of AID. The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence immune functions and immune homeostasis both within the gut and systematically. Microbial derived-short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and bio-transformed bile acid (BA) have been shown to influence the immune system acting as ligands specific cell signaling receptors like GPRCs, TGR5 and FXR, or via epigenetic processes. Similarly, intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and bacterial translocation are important contributors to chronic systemic inflammation and, without repair of the intestinal barrier, might represent a continuous inflammatory stimulus capable of triggering autoimmune processes. Recent studies indicate gender-specific differences in immunity, with the gut microbiota shaping and being concomitantly shaped by the hormonal milieu governing differences between the sexes. A bi-directional cross-talk between microbiota and the endocrine system is emerging with bacteria being able to produce hormones (e.g. serotonin, dopamine and somatostatine), respond to host hormones (e.g. estrogens) and regulate host hormones' homeostasis (e.g by inhibiting gene prolactin transcription or converting glucocorticoids to androgens). We review herein how gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate immune function, intestinal permeability and possibly AID pathological processes. Further, we describe the dysbiosis within the gut microbiota observed in different AID and speculate how restoring gut microbiota composition and its regulatory metabolites by dietary intervention including prebiotics and probiotics could help in preventing or ameliorating AID. Finally, we suggest that, given consistent observations of microbiota dysbiosis associated with AID and the ability of SCFA and BA to regulate intestinal permeability and inflammation, further mechanistic studies, examining how dietary microbiota modulation can protect against AID, hold considerable potential to tackle increased incidence of AID at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rizzetto
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy; BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Italy
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Casciaro M, Di Salvo E, Brizzi T, Rodolico C, Gangemi S. Involvement of miR-126 in autoimmune disorders. Clin Mol Allergy 2018; 16:11. [PMID: 29743819 PMCID: PMC5930861 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-RNA represent a great family of small non-condign ribonucleic acid molecules; in particular microRNA-126 is an important member of this family and is expressed in many human cells such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial and lung cells. Some studies have shown the implication of miR-126 in cancer, but recently significant progresses have also been made in determining the role of miR-126 regulating immune-related diseases; probably, in a near future, they could potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of miR-126 in autoimmune diseases, so as to offer innovative therapies. RESULTS According literature, it was concluded that miRNAs, especially miR-126, are involved in many pathologies and that their expression levels increase in autoimmune diseases because they interfere with the transcription of the proteins involved. Since microRNAs can be detected from several biological sources, they may be attractive as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and severity of various diseases. In fact, once confirmed the involvement of miR-126 in autoimmune diseases, it was speculated that it could be used as a promising biomarker. These discovers implicate that miR-126 have a central role in many pathways leading to the development and sustain of autoimmune diseases. Its key role make this microRNA a potential therapeutic target in autoimmunity. CONCLUSION Although miR-126 relevant role in several immune-related diseases, further studies are needed to clear its molecular mechanisms; the final step of these novel researches could be the blockage or the prevention of the diseases onset by creating of new targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Casciaro
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Brizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Wang B, Yu J, Wang T, Shen Y, Lin D, Xu X, Wang Y. Identification of megakaryocytes as a target of advanced glycation end products in diabetic complications in bone marrow. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:419-427. [PMID: 29417230 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To define the possible effect of diabetic conditions on megakaryocytes, the long-know precursors of platelets and lately characterized modulator of hematopoietic stem quiescence-activation transition. METHODS Megakaryoblastic MEG-01 cell culture and TPO/SCF/IL-3-induced differentiation of human umbilical blood mononuclear cells toward megakaryocytes were used to test effects of glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA-AGEs). The ob/ob mice and streptozotocin-treated mice were used as models of hyperglycemia. MTT was used to measure cell proliferation, FACS for surface marker and cell cycle, and RT-qPCR for the expression of interested genes. Megakaryocytes at different stages in marrow smear were checked under microscope. RESULTS When added in MEG-01 cultures at 200 μg/ml, BSA-AGEs increased proliferation of cells and enhanced mRNA expression of RAGE, VEGFα and PF4 in the cells. None of cell cycle distribution, PMA-induced platelet-like particles production, expression of GATA1/NF-E2/PU-1/IL-6/OPG/PDGF in MEG-01 cells nor TPO/SCF/IL-3 induced umbilical cord blood cells differentiation into megakaryocyte was affected by BSA-AGEs. In the ob/ob diabetic mice, MKs percentages in marrow cells and platelets in peripheral blood were significantly increased compared with control mice. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, however, MKs percentage in marrow cells was decreased though peripheral platelet counts were not altered. Gene expression assay showed that the change in MKs in these two diabetic conditions might be explained by the alteration of GATA1 and NF-E2 expression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic condition in animals might exert its influence on hematopoiesis via megakaryocytes-the newly identified modulator of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benfang Wang
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Jianjiang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Ting Wang
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Ying Shen
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215007, China.
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