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Ryan MH, Kaur P, Nazeri NK, Clode PL, Keeble-Gagnère G, Doolette AL, Smernik RJ, Van Aken O, Nicol D, Maruyama H, Ezawa T, Lambers H, Millar AH, Appels R. Globular structures in roots accumulate phosphorus to extremely high concentrations following phosphorus addition. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1987-2002. [PMID: 30734927 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crops with improved uptake of fertilizer phosphorus (P) would reduce P losses and confer environmental benefits. We examined how P-sufficient 6-week-old soil-grown Trifolium subterraneum plants, and 2-week-old seedlings in solution culture, accumulated P in roots after inorganic P (Pi) addition. In contrast to our expectation that vacuoles would accumulate excess P, after 7 days, X-ray microanalysis showed that vacuolar [P] remained low (<12 mmol kg-1 ). However, in the plants after P addition, some cortex cells contained globular structures extraordinarily rich in P (often >3,000 mmol kg-1 ), potassium, magnesium, and sodium. Similar structures were evident in seedlings, both before and after P addition, with their [P] increasing threefold after P addition. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed seedling roots accumulated Pi following P addition, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed large plastids. For seedlings, we demonstrated that roots differentially expressed genes after P addition using RNAseq mapped to the T. subterraneum reference genome assembly and transcriptome profiles. Among the most up-regulated genes after 4 hr was TSub_g9430.t1, which is similar to plastid envelope Pi transporters (PHT4;1, PHT4;4): expression of vacuolar Pi-transporter homologs did not change. We suggest that subcellular P accumulation in globular structures, which may include plastids, aids cytosolic Pi homeostasis under high-P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Ryan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nazanin K Nazeri
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis and UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ashlea L Doolette
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, Australia
| | - Ronald J Smernik
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, Australia
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dion Nicol
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, Dryland Research Institute, Merredin, Australia
| | - Hayato Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ezawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hans Lambers
- UWA School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Rudi Appels
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Bioscience, Parkville, Australia
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Bolster CH, Baffaut C, Nelson NO, Osmond DL, Cabrera ML, Ramirez-Avila JJ, Sharpley AN, Veith TL, McFarland AMS, Senaviratne AGMMM, Pierzynski GM, Udawatta RP. Development of PLEAD: A Database Containing Event-based Runoff Phosphorus Loadings from Agricultural Fields. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:510-517. [PMID: 30951133 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.09.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Computer models are commonly used for predicting risks of runoff P loss from agricultural fields by enabling simulation of various management practices and climatic scenarios. For P loss models to be useful tools, however, they must accurately predict P loss for a wide range of climatic, physiographic, and land management conditions. A complicating factor in developing and evaluating P loss models is the relative scarcity of available measured field data that adequately capture P losses before and after implementing management practices in a variety of physiographic settings. Here, we describe the development of the P Loss in runoff Events from Agricultural fields Database (PLEAD)-a compilation of event-based, field-scale dissolved and/or total P loss runoff loadings from agricultural fields collected at various research sites located in the US Heartland and southern United States. The database also includes runoff and erosion rates; soil-test P; tillage practices; planting and harvesting rates and practices; fertilizer application rate, method, and timing; manure application rate, method, and timing; and livestock grazing density and timing. In total, >1800 individual runoff events-ranging in duration from 0.4 to 97 h-have been included in the database. Event runoff P losses ranged from <0.05 to 1.3 and 3.0 kg P ha for dissolved and total P, respectively. The data contained in this database have been used in multiple research studies to address important modeling questions relevant to P management planning. We provide these data to encourage additional studies by other researchers. The PLEAD database is available at .
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Habibiandehkordi R, Lobb DA, Owens PN, Flaten DN. Effectiveness of Vegetated Buffer Strips in Controlling Legacy Phosphorus Exports from Agricultural Land. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:314-321. [PMID: 30951107 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.04.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The continued phosphorus (P) impairment of freshwaters and the associated risk of eutrophication raise questions regarding the efficiency of current beneficial management practices (BMPs) for improving water quality. Vegetated buffer strips (VBSs) are widely encouraged BMPs for reducing P export from agricultural land. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the long-term efficiency of VBSs for reducing legacy P losses. This research used soil analyses to investigate the P removal efficiency of an unmanaged VBS for controlling P loss from agricultural land in Manitoba, Canada, between 1954 and 2011. The results showed statistically significant retention of total P, Olsen extractable P, and 0.01 M CaCl extractable P by a 5-m wide VBS compared with field soils. We found that surface soils at 5-m into the VBS had a significantly greater P sorption capacity and a smaller degree of P saturation (DPS) than adjacent field soils. The elevated DPS in field soils is likely associated with gradual P enrichment as a result of manure or fertilizer application over time and the strong affinity of P compounds for soil. Although P stratification in the VBS over 57 yr resulted in a significant increase (∼11%) in DPS of VBS topsoil compared with VBS subsoil, our findings do not support the saturation of VBS soils with P. However, cutting and removal of vegetation from VBS could be a useful strategy to remove P from VBS and minimize possible P remobilization associated with vegetation senescence, especially where the climate is cold and runoff is dominated by snowmelt.
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54
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Ecological and Conservation Value of Small Standing-Water Ecosystems: A Systematic Review of Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A small standing-water ecosystem (SWE) is a shallow (<20 m) lentic water body with a surface of a few hectares (≤10 ha). Compared to larger counterparts, they exhibit wider ecotones, sometimes even equaling their whole surface, which maximizes structural heterogeneity, supporting exceptionally high biodiversity, metabolic rates, and functionality. Surprisingly, no binding regulations support global strategies for SWE conservation. This work consists of a literature review performed for the period 2004–2018 to assess the ecological and conservation value of SWEs and the contribution of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in promoting their conservation. Outcomes from this work open new perspectives on SWEs, which emerge as valuable ecosystems, and confirm their pivotal contribution to watershed biodiversity, resilience, and functionality. Results also suggest clear narrative trends and large knowledge gaps across geographical areas, biological components, and target issues. Additionally, we note that SWEs are under-represented in the frame of WFD implementation, stressing their marginality into assessing procedures. All of this calls for further studies, especially outside Europe and with a global, multi-taxon perspective. These should be devoted to quantitatively assess the roles of SWEs in maintaining global water ecosystem quality, biodiversity, and services, and to prioritize management actions for their conservation.
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Fan B, Wang J, Fenton O, Daly K, Ezzati G, Chen Q. Strategic differences in phosphorus stabilization by alum and dolomite amendments in calcareous and red soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4842-4854. [PMID: 30569362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surplus phosphorus (P) above agronomic requirements can negatively affect the water status of connected surface and subsurface water bodies. The in situ stabilization of soil P through soil amendment has been recognized as an efficient way to reduce this environmental pressure. However, the mechanism of how P is stabilized during this process and how plant available P is affected are unknown. This can be achieved by sequential chemical extraction and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy investigations. Therefore, in the present study, P-enriched calcareous and red soils were amended with alum, dolomite, and a 1:1 mixture of alum and dolomite (MAD) at a 20 g/kg soil rate, and soil properties and P fractions were measured after a 45-day period. Results showed that alum amendment significantly decreased CaCl2-P and Olsen-P contents in calcareous and red soils when compared with dolomite. However, dolomite incorporation maintained relatively high P availability and even increased CaCl2-P and Olsen-P contents by 1.32% and 40.5% in red soil, respectively, compared to control. Amendment with MAD was not as effectively as the alum in P stabilization. Sequential inorganic P extraction indicated that alum dominantly contributed labile P transformed to Al-P in both soils. P K-edge XANES spectroscopy measurements further explained that alum adsorbed phosphate in calcareous soil and precipitated phosphate as AlPO4 in red soil. Results of P fractionation and Mehlich-3-extracted Ca showed that dolomite mainly adsorbed loosely bound P in calcareous soil and red soil. However, dolomite incorporation in red soil led to Al-P and Fe-P release. The P sorption isotherms showed that dolomite and alum increased soil P sorption maxima and decreased the degree of P saturation (DPS) in both soils, while dolomite declined the Langmuir bonding energy in red soil. Differences in P stabilization by alum and dolomite addition across soil types were closely related to their characteristics, and soil properties changed, especially soil pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Owen Fenton
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Karen Daly
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Golnaz Ezzati
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Linyi, 276700, Shandong, China.
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Wang Z, Zhang TQ, Tan CS, Wang X, Taylor RAJ, Qi ZM, Yang JW. Modeling the Impacts of Manure on Phosphorus Loss in Surface Runoff and Subsurface Drainage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:39-46. [PMID: 30640351 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.06.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Simulation of phosphorus (P) transfer from manured agricultural lands to water bodies via surface runoff and subsurface drainage is potentially of great help in evaluating the risks and effects of eutrophication under a range of best management practice scenarios. However, it remains a challenge since few models are capable of providing a reasonably accurate prediction of P losses under manure treatment. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was applied to simulate the impacts on dissolved reactive P (DRP) losses through surface runoff and subsurface drainage from a solid cattle manure-amended corn ( L.)-soybean [ (L.) Merr.] rotation on a clay loam soil (Vertisol) located in the Lake Erie region. Simulations of DRP loss in surface runoff and tile drainage were satisfactory; however, EPIC did not consider DRP loss directly from manure, weakening its accuracy in the prediction of DRP loss in surface runoff. Having previously drawn on EPIC-predicted surface runoff to initiate SurPhos (Surface Phosphorus and Runoff Model) predictions of DRP losses strictly in surface runoff, no comparison had been made of differences in manure application impacts on EPIC- or SurPhos-predicted DRP losses-accordingly, this was assessed. The SurPhos improved the estimation of DRP loss in surface runoff (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, 0.53), especially when large rain events occurred immediately after or within 6 wk of manure application. Generally, EPIC can capture the impacts of manure application on DRP loss in surface runoff and subsurface drainage; however, coupling of the EPIC and SurPhos models increased the accuracy of simulation of runoff DRP losses.
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Riley WD, Potter ECE, Biggs J, Collins AL, Jarvie HP, Jones JI, Kelly-Quinn M, Ormerod SJ, Sear DA, Wilby RL, Broadmeadow S, Brown CD, Chanin P, Copp GH, Cowx IG, Grogan A, Hornby DD, Huggett D, Kelly MG, Naura M, Newman JR, Siriwardena GM. Small Water Bodies in Great Britain and Ireland: Ecosystem function, human-generated degradation, and options for restorative action. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1598-1616. [PMID: 30248877 PMCID: PMC6162339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Small, 1st and 2nd-order, headwater streams and ponds play essential roles in providing natural flood control, trapping sediments and contaminants, retaining nutrients, and maintaining biological diversity, which extend into downstream reaches, lakes and estuaries. However, the large geographic extent and high connectivity of these small water bodies with the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem makes them particularly vulnerable to growing land-use pressures and environmental change. The greatest pressure on the physical processes in these waters has been their extension and modification for agricultural and forestry drainage, resulting in highly modified discharge and temperature regimes that have implications for flood and drought control further downstream. The extensive length of the small stream network exposes rivers to a wide range of inputs, including nutrients, pesticides, heavy metals, sediment and emerging contaminants. Small water bodies have also been affected by invasions of non-native species, which along with the physical and chemical pressures, have affected most groups of organisms with consequent implications for the wider biodiversity within the catchment. Reducing the impacts and restoring the natural ecosystem function of these water bodies requires a three-tiered approach based on: restoration of channel hydromorphological dynamics; restoration and management of the riparian zone; and management of activities in the wider catchment that have both point-source and diffuse impacts. Such activities are expensive and so emphasis must be placed on integrated programmes that provide multiple benefits. Practical options need to be promoted through legislative regulation, financial incentives, markets for resource services and voluntary codes and actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Riley
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Edward C E Potter
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Jeremy Biggs
- Freshwater Habitats Trust, Bury Knowle House, North Place, Oxford, OX3 9HY, UK
| | - Adrian L Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Helen P Jarvie
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - J Iwan Jones
- Queen Mary University of London, The River Laboratory, East Stoke, Wareham, Dorset BH20 6BB, UK
| | - Mary Kelly-Quinn
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- UK Cardiff School of Biosciences and Water Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - David A Sear
- Department of Geography & Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert L Wilby
- Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Samantha Broadmeadow
- Forestry Commission, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Colin D Brown
- Environment Department, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, Yorkshire YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Chanin
- North View Cottage, Union Road, Crediton, Devon EX17 3AL, UK
| | - Gordon H Copp
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Ian G Cowx
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Adam Grogan
- RSPCA Wildlife Department, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK
| | - Duncan D Hornby
- Department of GeoData, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Duncan Huggett
- Environment Agency, Lateral, 8 City Walk, Leeds, Yorkshire LS11 9AT, UK
| | | | - Marc Naura
- River Restoration Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Jonathan R Newman
- Waterland Management Ltd, 4a Spa Hill, Kirton Lindsey, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, DN21 4NE, UK
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Ryan MH, Graham JH. Little evidence that farmers should consider abundance or diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when managing crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1092-1107. [PMID: 29987890 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1092 I. Introduction 1093 II. Investigating activity of AMF in agroecosystems 1093 III. Crop benefit from AMF: agronomic and mycorrhizal literature differ 1094 IV. Flawed methodology leads to benefits of mycorrhizas being overstated 1094 V. Rigorous methodology suggests low colonisation by AMF can sometimes reduce crop yield 1095 VI. Predicting when mycorrhizas matter for crop yield 1096 VII. Crop genotype 1099 VIII. Fungal genotype 1100 IX. Complex interactions between the mycorrhizal fungal and soil microbial communities 1102 X. Phosphorus-efficient agroecosystems 1102 XI. Conclusions 1103 Acknowledgements 1104 References 1104 SUMMARY: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in agroecosystems and often stated to be critical for crop yield and agroecosystem sustainability. However, should farmers modify management to enhance the abundance and diversity of AMF? We address this question with a focus on field experiments that manipulated colonisation by indigenous AMF and report crop yield, or investigated community structure and diversity of AMF. We find that the literature presents an overly optimistic view of the importance of AMF in crop yield due, in part, to flawed methodology in field experiments. A small body of rigorous research only sometimes reports a positive impact of high colonisation on crop yield, even under phosphorus limitation. We suggest that studies vary due to the interaction of environment and genotype (crop and mycorrhizal fungal). We also find that the literature can be overly pessimistic about the impact of some common agricultural practices on mycorrhizal fungal communities and that interactions between AMF and soil microbes are complex and poorly understood. We provide a template for future field experiments and a list of research priorities, including phosphorus-efficient agroecosystems. However, we conclude that management of AMF by farmers will not be warranted until benefits are demonstrated at the field scale under prescribed agronomic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Ryan
- School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - James H Graham
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
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Wang Z, Zhang TQ, Tan CS, Vadas P, Qi ZM, Wellen C. Modeling phosphorus losses from soils amended with cattle manures and chemical fertilizers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:580-587. [PMID: 29800851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While applied manure/fertilizer is an important source of P loss in surface runoff, few models simulate the direct transfer of phosphorus (P) from soil-surface-applied manure/fertilizer to surface runoff. The SurPhos model was tested with 2008-2010 growing season daily surface runoff data from clay loam experimental plots subject to different manure/fertilizer applications. Model performance was evaluated on the basis of the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and the ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of observed values (RSR). The model offered an acceptable performance in simulating soil labile P dynamics (R2 = 0.75, NSE = 0.55, PBIAS = 10.43%, and RSR = 0.67) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) loss in surface runoff (R2 ≥ 0.74 and NSE ≥ 0.69) for both solid and liquid cattle manure, as well as inorganic fertilizer. Simulated direct P loss in surface runoff from solid and liquid cattle manure accounted for 39% and 40% of total growing season DRP losses in surface runoff. To compensate for the unavailability of daily surface runoff observations under snow melt condition, the whole four years' (2008-2011) daily surface runoff predicted by EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) was used as SurPhos input. The accuracy of simulated DRP loss in surface runoff under the different manure/fertilizer treatments was acceptable (R2 ≥ 0.55 and NSE ≥ 0.50). For the solid cattle manure treatment, of all annual DRP losses, 19% were derived directly from the manure. Beyond offering a reliable prediction of manure/fertilizer P loss in surface runoff, SurPhos quantified different sources of DRP loss and dynamic labile P in soil, allowing a better critical assessment of different P management measures' effectiveness in mitigating DRP losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhi Wang
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, N0R 1G0, Canada
| | - T Q Zhang
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, N0R 1G0, Canada.
| | - C S Tan
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, N0R 1G0, Canada
| | - P Vadas
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, 1925, Linden DriveWest, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Z M Qi
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - C Wellen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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60
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Liu J, Kleinman PJA, Aronsson H, Flaten D, McDowell RW, Bechmann M, Beegle DB, Robinson TP, Bryant RB, Liu H, Sharpley AN, Veith TL. A review of regulations and guidelines related to winter manure application. AMBIO 2018; 47:657-670. [PMID: 29397547 PMCID: PMC6131135 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Winter manure application elevates nutrient losses and impairment of water quality as compared to manure applications in other seasons. In conjunction with reviewing global distribution of animal densities, we reviewed worldwide mandatory regulations and voluntary guidelines on efforts to reduce off-site nutrient losses associated with winter manure applications. Most of the developed countries implement regulations or guidelines to restrict winter manure application, which range from a regulative ban to guidelines based upon weather and field management conditions. In contrast, developing countries lack such official directives, despite an increasing animal production industry and concern over water quality. An analysis of five case studies reveals that directives are derived from a common rationale to reduce off-site manure nutrient losses, but they are also affected by local socio-economic and biophysical considerations. Successful programs combine site-specific management strategies along with expansion of manure storage to offer farmers greater flexibility in winter manure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, Curtin Road 3702, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Peter J. A. Kleinman
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Helena Aronsson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Don Flaten
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Richard W. McDowell
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, 9053 New Zealand
| | - Marianne Bechmann
- Division for Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Douglas B. Beegle
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, Curtin Road 3702, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Timothy P. Robinson
- Livestock Information, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Ray B. Bryant
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Andrew N. Sharpley
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Tamie L. Veith
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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61
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Rosamond MS, Wellen C, Yousif MA, Kaltenecker G, Thomas JL, Joosse PJ, Feisthauer NC, Taylor WD, Mohamed MN. Representing a large region with few sites: The Quality Index approach for field studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:600-607. [PMID: 29587229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental studies require the characterization of a large geographical region using a range of representative sites amenable to intensive study. A systematic approach to selecting study areas can help ensure that an adequate range of the variables of interest is captured. We present a novel method of selecting study sites representing a larger region, in which the region is divided into subregions, which are characterized with relevant independent variables, and displayed in mathematical variable space. Potential study sites are also displayed this way, and selected to cover the range in variables present in the region. The coverage of sites is assessed with the Quality Index, which compares the range and standard deviation of variables among the sites to that of the larger region, and prioritizes sites that are well-distributed (i.e. not clumped) in variable space. We illustrate the method with a case study examining relationships between agricultural land use, physiography and stream phosphorus (P) export, in which we selected several variables representing agricultural P inputs and landscape susceptibility to P loss. A geographic area of 110,000km2 was represented with 11 study sites with good coverage of four variables representing agricultural P inputs and transport mechanisms taken from commonly-available geospatial datasets. We use a genetic algorithm to select 11 sites with the highest possible QI and compare these, post-hoc, to our sites. This approach reduces subjectivity in site selection, considers practical constraints and easily allows for site reselection if necessary. This site selection approach can easily be adapted to different landscapes and study goals, as we provide an algorithm and computer code to reproduce our approach elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline S Rosamond
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Christopher Wellen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Meguel A Yousif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Georgina Kaltenecker
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 125 Resources Rd., Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Janis L Thomas
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 125 Resources Rd., Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Pamela J Joosse
- Science & Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 174 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 4S9, Canada
| | - Natalie C Feisthauer
- Science & Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 174 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 4S9, Canada
| | - William D Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohamed N Mohamed
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 125 Resources Rd., Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
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Sustainable Land Use, Soil Protection and Phosphorus Management from a Cross-National Perspective. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10061988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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63
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Vadas PA, Fiorellino NM, Coale FJ, Kratochvil R, Mulkey AS, McGrath JM. Estimating Legacy Soil Phosphorus Impacts on Phosphorus Loss in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:480-486. [PMID: 29864190 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.12.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural nutrient management is an issue due to P loss from fields and water quality degradation. This is especially true in watersheds where a history of P application in excess of crop needs has resulted in elevated soil P (legacy P). As practices and policy are implemented in such watersheds to reduce P loss, information is needed on time required to draw down soil P and how much P loss can be reduced by drawdown. We used the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) model to simulate soil P drawdown in Maryland, and to estimate P loss at a statewide scale associated with different combinations of soil P and P transport. Simulated APLE soil P drawdown compared well with measured rates from three field sites, showing that APLE can reliably simulate P dynamics for Maryland soils. Statewide APLE simulations of average annual P loss from cropland (0.84 kg ha) also compared well with estimates from the Chesapeake Bay Model (0.87 kg ha). The APLE results suggest that it is realistic to expect that a concerted effort to reduce high P soils throughout the state can reduce P loss to the Chesapeake Bay by 40%. However, P loss reduction would be achieved gradually over several decades, since soil P drawdown is very slow. Combining soil P drawdown with aggressive conservation efforts to reduce P transport in erosion could achieve a 62% reduction in state-level P loss. This 62% reduction could be considered a maximum amount possible that is still compatible with modern agriculture.
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Lou H, Zhao C, Yang S, Shi L, Wang Y, Ren X, Bai J. Quantitative evaluation of legacy phosphorus and its spatial distribution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 211:296-305. [PMID: 29408079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A phosphorus resource crisis threatens the security of global crop production, especially in developing countries like China and Brazil. Legacy phosphorus (legacy-P), which is left behind in agricultural soil by over-fertilization, can help address this issue as a new resource in the soil phosphorus pool. However, issues involved with calculating and defining the spatial distribution of legacy-P hinder its future utilization. To resolve these issues, this study applied remote sensing and ecohydrological modeling to precisely quantify legacy-P and define its spatial distribution in China's Sanjiang Plain from 2000 to 2014. The total legacy-P in the study area was calculated as 579,090 t with an annual average of 38,600 t; this comprises 51.83% of the phosphorus fertilizer applied annually. From 2000 to 2014, the annual amount of legacy-P increased by more than 3.42-fold, equivalent to a 2460-ton increase each year. The spatial distribution of legacy-P showed heterogeneity and agglomeration in this area, with peaks in cultivated land experiencing long-term agricultural development. This study supplies a new approach to finding legacy-P in soil as a precondition for future utilization. Once its spatial distribution is known, legacy-P can be better utilized in agriculture to help alleviate the phosphorus resource crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhen Lou
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changsen Zhao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shengtian Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center 404-M, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Beijing 100875, China
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65
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Djodjic F, Elmquist H, Collentine D. Targeting critical source areas for phosphorus losses: Evaluation with soil testing, farmers' assessment and modelling. AMBIO 2018; 47:45-56. [PMID: 28779474 PMCID: PMC5709264 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse phosphorus (P) losses from arable land need to be reduced in a cost-efficient way, taking into account their temporal and spatial variability. This study, based on 16 farms across southern Sweden, examined possibilities for identifying critical source areas for P losses based on the combined results of high-resolution erosion modelling, independent risk assessments by farmers, soil survey and SWOT analysis performed by farmers. Statistically significant differences in dissolved P release were found between soil P test classes in the studied area, whereas soil textural classes and not P content governed potential mobilisation of soil particles and unreactive P. Spatial comparison of problem areas identified by farmers and modelled features showed that the modelled erosion pathways intersected 109 in a total of 128 (85%) observed problem areas. The study demonstrates the value in involving farmers in the identification of critical source areas in order to select and support implementation of effective countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Djodjic
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Elmquist
- Farming in Balance, Franzengatan 6, 105 33 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dennis Collentine
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Leinweber P, Bathmann U, Buczko U, Douhaire C, Eichler-Löbermann B, Frossard E, Ekardt F, Jarvie H, Krämer I, Kabbe C, Lennartz B, Mellander PE, Nausch G, Ohtake H, Tränckner J. Handling the phosphorus paradox in agriculture and natural ecosystems: Scarcity, necessity, and burden of P. AMBIO 2018; 47:3-19. [PMID: 29159449 PMCID: PMC5722737 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This special issue of Ambio compiles a series of contributions made at the 8th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW8), held in September 2016 in Rostock, Germany. The introducing overview article summarizes major published scientific findings in the time period from IPW7 (2015) until recently, including presentations from IPW8. The P issue was subdivided into four themes along the logical sequence of P utilization in production, environmental, and societal systems: (1) Sufficiency and efficiency of P utilization, especially in animal husbandry and crop production; (2) P recycling: technologies and product applications; (3) P fluxes and cycling in the environment; and (4) P governance. The latter two themes had separate sessions for the first time in the International Phosphorus Workshops series; thus, this overview presents a scene-setting rather than an overview of the latest research for these themes. In summary, this paper details new findings in agricultural and environmental P research, which indicate reduced P inputs, improved management options, and provide translations into governance options for a more sustainable P use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Leinweber
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bathmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Buczko
- Landscape Ecology and Site Evaluation, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Caroline Douhaire
- Forschungsstelle Nachhaltigkeit und Klimapolitik, Könneritzstraße 41, 04229 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bettina Eichler-Löbermann
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- ETH Zurich, Research Station in Plant Sciences, Eschikon, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Felix Ekardt
- Forschungsstelle Nachhaltigkeit und Klimapolitik, Könneritzstraße 41, 04229 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helen Jarvie
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Inga Krämer
- Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research Rostock c/o, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Kabbe
- P-REX Environment, Am Goldmannpark 43, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lennartz
- Department of Soil Physics, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justusvon-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- Department of Environment, Soils and Landuse, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford Ireland
| | - Günther Nausch
- Baltic Sea Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Seestrasse 15, 18109 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hisao Ohtake
- Phosphorus Atlas Research Institute, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0056 Japan
| | - Jens Tränckner
- Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Satower Strasse 48, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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67
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Xu F, Khalaf A, Sheets J, Ge X, Keener H, Li Y. Phosphorus Removal and Recovery From Anaerobic Digestion Residues. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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68
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Plach JM, Macrae ML, Ali GA, Brunke RR, English MC, Ferguson G, Lam WV, Lozier TM, McKague K, O'Halloran IP, Opolko G, Van Esbroeck CJ. Supply and Transport Limitations on Phosphorus Losses from Agricultural Fields in the Lower Great Lakes Region, Canada. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:96-105. [PMID: 29415113 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.06.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) mobilization in agricultural landscapes is regulated by both hydrologic (transport) and biogeochemical (supply) processes interacting within soils; however, the dominance of these controls can vary spatially and temporally. In this study, we analyzed a 5-yr dataset of stormflow events across nine agricultural fields in the lower Great Lakes region of Ontario, Canada, to determine if edge-of-field surface runoff and tile drainage losses (total and dissolved reactive P) were limited by transport mechanisms or P supply. Field sites ranged from clay loam, silt loam, to sandy loam textures. Findings indicate that biogeochemical processes (P supply) were more important for tile drain P loading patterns (i.e., variable flow-weighted mean concentrations ([]) across a range of flow regimes) relative to surface runoff, which trended toward a more chemostatic or transport-limited response. At two sites with the same soil texture, higher tile [] and greater transport limitations were apparent at the site with higher soil available P (STP); however, STP did not significantly correlate with tile [] or P loading patterns across the nine sites. This may reflect that the fields were all within a narrow STP range and were not elevated in STP concentrations (Olsen-P, ≤25 mg kg). For the study sites where STP was maintained at reasonable concentrations, hydrology was less of a driving factor for tile P loadings, and thus management strategies that limit P supply may be an effective way to reduce P losses from fields (e.g., timing of fertilizer application).
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69
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Li L, Qu Z, Jia R, Wang B, Wang Y, Qu D. Excessive input of phosphorus significantly affects microbial Fe(III) reduction in flooded paddy soils by changing the abundances and community structures of Clostridium and Geobacteraceae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:982-991. [PMID: 28724230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial Fe(III) reduction can make an excellent contribution to the bioremediation of contaminated environments and potentially reduce methanogenesis. Excessive input of phosphorus (P) by P fertilizer application and eutrophied irrigation water might have a substantial influence on the process of microbial Fe(III) reduction in flooded paddy soils. To evaluate the effect of P application on microbial Fe(III) reduction, the responses of Clostridium and Geobacteraceae communities to different concentrations of P addition (CK: 0mmolPkg-1 soil; P1: 3.3mmolPkg-1 soil; P2: 20mmolPkg-1 soil) were investigated in anaerobically incubated paddy slurries. P addition significantly inhibited Fe(III) reduction during the early stage of incubation (from days 0 to 20). Compared with the CK treatment, the maximum Fe(III) reduction rate (Vmax) in treatments P1 and P2 remarkably decreased by 0.281 and 0.439mg·g-1·d-1, respectively. However, the addition of P had no significant effect on Fe(III) reduction during the later stage of incubation (after 20days). The abundances of Clostridium and Geobacteraceae were suppressed by P addition, and the suppression effect was more obvious with higher P concentration. P addition significantly changed the community structures of Clostridium and Geobacteraceae during the entire incubation. The communities of Clostridium and Geobacteraceae were closely correlated with the process of Fe(III) reduction. In conclusion, P addition could inhibit the microbial reduction of Fe(III) during the early stage of incubation by reducing the abundances and altering the community structures of Clostridium and Geobacteraceae, however, the inhibition could be eliminated with increased incubation time. This study demonstrates that soil microbial communities are sensitive to excessive P application, which can jointly impact relevant biogeochemical processes in flooded paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhi Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baoli Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dong Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China.
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70
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Tonderski K, Andersson L, Lindström G, St Cyr R, Schönberg R, Taubald H. Assessing the use of δ 18O in phosphate as a tracer for catchment phosphorus sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1-10. [PMID: 28686890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Procedures for source apportionment of nutrients transported in rivers and streams are often uncertain and difficult to validate. In this study, we investigated if the oxygen isotope ratios in stream dissolved phosphate (δ18OP) can be used to distinguish between the phosphorus (P) originating from agricultural runoff and from rural sewage, at different periods of the year. Water was collected from septic tanks, drainage wells and the stream outlet in a small (7.3 km2) agricultural catchment to capture variations in the isotope signature at different flow events. The δ18OP signature in septic tank effluent (+13.2 to +14.5‰) was significantly different from that in drainage water (+9.0 to +15.7‰). Four different septic tanks had surprisingly similar isotope signature when 24 h composite samples were collected. Most of the water samples were not in oxygen isotope equilibrium. In three drainage wells, the δ18OP signature varied from +7.8 up to +15.7‰ with higher values in periods with a larger contribution of superficial streamflow generation. A rainfall soon after manure had been spread resulted in a δ18OP of 15.7‰ in a drainage well, and was also reflected in a similar value at the catchment outlet. This implies that the source isotope signal may be conserved during moderate or high flows. A three end-member model including the geological background would be a useful start to quantify the P contribution from diverse sources. Temporal differences in biological activity and the predominant transport pathways through soil profiles must be considered along with information about fertilisation. In combination with hydrological modelling of water pathways, this may considerably improve our understanding of catchment P losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tonderski
- Linköping University, IFM Biology, SE 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Lotta Andersson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), SE-60176 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Göran Lindström
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), SE-60176 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Rasmus St Cyr
- Linköping University, IFM Biology, SE 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ronny Schönberg
- University of Tübingen, Isotopegeochemistry, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Taubald
- University of Tübingen, Isotopegeochemistry, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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71
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Liu Y, Engel BA, Flanagan DC, Gitau MW, McMillan SK, Chaubey I. A review on effectiveness of best management practices in improving hydrology and water quality: Needs and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:580-593. [PMID: 28575835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Best management practices (BMPs) have been widely used to address hydrology and water quality issues in both agricultural and urban areas. Increasing numbers of BMPs have been studied in research projects and implemented in watershed management projects, but a gap remains in quantifying their effectiveness through time. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about BMP efficiencies, which indicates that most empirical studies have focused on short-term efficiencies, while few have explored long-term efficiencies. Most simulation efforts that consider BMPs assume constant performance irrespective of ages of the practices, generally based on anticipated maintenance activities or the expected performance over the life of the BMP(s). However, efficiencies of BMPs likely change over time irrespective of maintenance due to factors such as degradation of structures and accumulation of pollutants. Generally, the impacts of BMPs implemented in water quality protection programs at watershed levels have not been as rapid or large as expected, possibly due to overly high expectations for practice long-term efficiency, with BMPs even being sources of pollutants under some conditions and during some time periods. The review of available datasets reveals that current data are limited regarding both short-term and long-term BMP efficiency. Based on this review, this paper provides suggestions regarding needs and opportunities. Existing practice efficiency data need to be compiled. New data on BMP efficiencies that consider important factors, such as maintenance activities, also need to be collected. Then, the existing and new data need to be analyzed. Further research is needed to create a framework, as well as modeling approaches built on the framework, to simulate changes in BMP efficiencies with time. The research community needs to work together in addressing these needs and opportunities, which will assist decision makers in formulating better decisions regarding BMP implementation in watershed management projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoze Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Dennis C Flanagan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 275 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Margaret W Gitau
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sara K McMillan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Indrajeet Chaubey
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Baffaut C, Nelson NO, Lory JA, Senaviratne GMMMA, Bhandari AB, Udawatta RP, Sweeney DW, Helmers MJ, Van Liew MW, Mallarino AP, Wortmann CS. Multisite Evaluation of APEX for Water Quality: I. Best Professional Judgment Parameterization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:1323-1331. [PMID: 29293832 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.06.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model is capable of estimating edge-of-field water, nutrient, and sediment transport and is used to assess the environmental impacts of management practices. The current practice is to fully calibrate the model for each site simulation, a task that requires resources and data not always available. The objective of this study was to compare model performance for flow, sediment, and phosphorus transport under two parameterization schemes: a best professional judgment (BPJ) parameterization based on readily available data and a fully calibrated parameterization based on site-specific soil, weather, event flow, and water quality data. The analysis was conducted using 12 datasets at four locations representing poorly drained soils and row-crop production under different tillage systems. Model performance was based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the coefficient of determination () and the regression slope between simulated and measured annualized loads across all site years. Although the BPJ model performance for flow was acceptable (NSE = 0.7) at the annual time step, calibration improved it (NSE = 0.9). Acceptable simulation of sediment and total phosphorus transport (NSE = 0.5 and 0.9, respectively) was obtained only after full calibration at each site. Given the unacceptable performance of the BPJ approach, uncalibrated use of APEX for planning or management purposes may be misleading. Model calibration with water quality data prior to using APEX for simulating sediment and total phosphorus loss is essential.
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73
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Nelson NO, Baffaut C, Lory JA, Anomaa Senaviratne GMMM, Bhandari AB, Udawatta RP, Sweeney DW, Helmers MJ, Van Liew MW, Mallarino AP, Wortmann CS. Multisite Evaluation of APEX for Water Quality: II. Regional Parameterization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:1349-1356. [PMID: 29293851 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.07.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) Index assessment requires independent estimates of long-term average annual P loss from fields, representing multiple climatic scenarios, management practices, and landscape positions. Because currently available measured data are insufficient to evaluate P Index performance, calibrated and validated process-based models have been proposed as tools to generate the required data. The objectives of this research were to develop a regional parameterization for the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model to estimate edge-of-field runoff, sediment, and P losses in restricted-layer soils of Missouri and Kansas and to assess the performance of this parameterization using monitoring data from multiple sites in this region. Five site-specific calibrated models (SSCM) from within the region were used to develop a regionally calibrated model (RCM), which was further calibrated and validated with measured data. Performance of the RCM was similar to that of the SSCMs for runoff simulation and had Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) > 0.72 and absolute percent bias (|PBIAS|) < 18% for both calibration and validation. The RCM could not simulate sediment loss (NSE < 0, |PBIAS| > 90%) and was particularly ineffective at simulating sediment loss from locations with small sediment loads. The RCM had acceptable performance for simulation of total P loss (NSE > 0.74, |PBIAS| < 30%) but underperformed the SSCMs. Total P-loss estimates should be used with caution due to poor simulation of sediment loss. Although we did not attain our goal of a robust regional parameterization of APEX for estimating sediment and total P losses, runoff estimates with the RCM were acceptable for P Index evaluation.
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74
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Huang R, Fang C, Lu X, Jiang R, Tang Y. Transformation of Phosphorus during (Hydro)thermal Treatments of Solid Biowastes: Reaction Mechanisms and Implications for P Reclamation and Recycling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10284-10298. [PMID: 28876917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for all organisms, thus playing unique and critical roles at the food-energy-water nexus. Most P utilized by human activities eventually converges into various solid biowastes, such as crop biomass, animal manures, and sewage sludges. Therefore, integration of efficient P recovery practices into solid biowaste management will not only significantly reduce the dependence on limited geological P resources but also reduce P runoff and related water contamination issues associated with traditional waste management strategies. This study reviews the applications of (hydro)thermal techniques for the treatment of solid biowastes, which can greatly facilitate P recovery in addition to waste volume reduction, decontamination, and energy recovery. Research showed that P speciation (including molecular moiety, complexation state, and mineralogy) can experience significant changes during (hydro)thermal treatments, and are impacted by treatment techniques and conditions. Changes in P speciation and overall properties of the products can alter the mobility and bioavailability of P, and subsequent P reclamation and recycling efficiency of the treatment products. This review summarizes recent progresses in this direction, identifies the challenges and knowledge gaps, and provides a foundation for future research efforts targeting at sustainable management of nutrient-rich biowastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixiang Huang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
| | - Ci Fang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Rongfeng Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
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75
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Ngatia LW, Hsieh YP, Nemours D, Fu R, Taylor RW. Potential phosphorus eutrophication mitigation strategy: Biochar carbon composition, thermal stability and pH influence phosphorus sorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:201-211. [PMID: 28407550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) eutrophication is a major pollution problem globally, with unprecedented amount of P emanating from agricultural sources. But little is known about the optimization of soil-biochar P sorption capacity. The study objective was to determine how biochar feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions influences carbon (C) thermal stability, C composition and pH and in turn influence the phosphorus sorption optimization. Biochar was produced from switchgrass, kudzu and Chinese tallow at 200, 300, 400, 500, 550, 650,750 °C. Carbon thermal stability was determined by multi-element scanning thermal analysis (MESTA), C composition was determined using solid state 13C NMR. Phosphorus sorption was determined using a mixture of 10% biochar and 90% sandy soil after incubation. Results indicate increased P sorption (P < 0.0001) and decreased P availability (P < 0.0001) with increasing biochar pyrolysis temperature. However, optimum P sorption was feedstock specific with switchgrass indicating P desorption between 200 and 550 °C. Phosphorus sorption was in the order of kudzu > switchgrass > Chinese tallow. Total C, C thermal stability, aromatic C and alkalinity increased with elevated pyrolysis temperature. Biochar alkalinity favored P sorption. There was a positive relationship between high thermal stable C and P sorption for Kudzu (r = 0.62; P = 0.0346) and Chinese tallow (r = 0.73; P = 0.0138). In conclusion, biochar has potential for P eutrophication mitigation, however, optimum biochar pyrolysis temperature for P sorption is feedstock specific and in some cases might be out of 300-500 °C temperature range commonly used for agronomic application. High thermal stable C dominated by aromatic C and alkaline pH seem to favor P sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Ngatia
- Center for Water and Air Quality, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
| | - Y P Hsieh
- Center for Water and Air Quality, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - D Nemours
- Center for Water and Air Quality, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - R Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - R W Taylor
- Center for Water and Air Quality, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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76
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Larue B, West GE, Singbo A, Tamini LD. Risk aversion and willingness to pay for water quality: The case of non-farm rural residents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 197:296-304. [PMID: 28395236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stated choice experiments are used to investigate the economic valuation of rural residents living in the province of Quebec for water quality improvements. In Quebec, rural residents played an important role in the setting of stricter environmental regulations. Unlike most stated choice experiments about the valuation of improvements in water quality, this study explicitly accounts for risk in the design and analysis of choice experiments. Risk in phosphorus and coliform reductions is introduced through a three-point uniform distribution in the choice sets. The results show greater support for constant absolute risk aversion preferences than for constant relative risk aversion. Rural residents value coliform and phosphorus reductions and the more educated ones are particularly willing to see the government tax farmers and taxpayers to secure such reductions. As the science improves and risk in water quality outcomes decrease and as the political weight of non-farm rural residents increase, it should be easier for governments to replace voluntary cost-share programs by polluter-payer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Larue
- Center for Research on the Economics of the Environment, Agri-food, Transports and Energy (CREATE), University Laval, 2425 de l'Agriculture St., Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada.
| | - Gale E West
- Center for Research on the Economics of the Environment, Agri-food, Transports and Energy (CREATE), University Laval, 2425 de l'Agriculture St., Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada.
| | - Alphonse Singbo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Lota Dabio Tamini
- Center for Research on the Economics of the Environment, Agri-food, Transports and Energy (CREATE), University Laval, 2425 de l'Agriculture St., Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada.
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77
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Redistributing Phosphorus in Animal Manure from a Livestock-Intensive Region to an Arable Region: Exploration of Environmental Consequences. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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78
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Gooddy DC, Ascott MJ, Lapworth DJ, Ward RS, Jarvie HP, Bowes MJ, Tipping E, Dils R, Surridge BW. Mains water leakage: Implications for phosphorus source apportionment and policy responses in catchments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:702-708. [PMID: 27856055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective strategies to reduce phosphorus (P)-enrichment of aquatic ecosystems require accurate quantification of the absolute and relative importance of individual sources of P. In this paper, we quantify the potential significance of a source of P that has been neglected to date. Phosphate dosing of raw water supplies to reduce lead and copper concentrations in drinking water is a common practice globally. However, mains water leakage (MWL) potentially leads to a direct input of P into the environment, bypassing wastewater treatment. We develop a new approach to estimate the spatial distribution and time-variant flux of MWL-P, demonstrating this approach for a 30-year period within the exemplar of the River Thames catchment in the UK. Our analyses suggest that MWL-P could be equivalent to up to c.24% of the P load entering the River Thames from sewage treatment works and up to c.16% of the riverine P load derived from agricultural non-point sources. We consider a range of policy responses that could reduce MWL-P loads to the environment, including incorporating the environmental damage costs associated with P in setting targets for MWL reduction, alongside inclusion of MWL-P within catchment-wide P permits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Matthew J Ascott
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Robert S Ward
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Helen P Jarvie
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Mike J Bowes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Edward Tipping
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Rachael Dils
- Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BD, UK
| | - Ben Wj Surridge
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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79
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Jarvie HP, Johnson LT, Sharpley AN, Smith DR, Baker DB, Bruulsema TW, Confesor R. Increased Soluble Phosphorus Loads to Lake Erie: Unintended Consequences of Conservation Practices? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:123-132. [PMID: 28177409 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.07.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative daily load time series show that the early 2000s marked a step-change increase in riverine soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) loads entering the Western Lake Erie Basin from three major tributaries: the Maumee, Sandusky, and Raisin Rivers. These elevated SRP loads have been sustained over the last 12 yr. Empirical regression models were used to estimate the contributions from (i) increased runoff from changing weather and precipitation patterns and (ii) increased SRP delivery (the combined effects of increased source availability and/or increased transport efficiency of labile phosphorus [P] fractions). Approximately 65% of the SRP load increase after 2002 was attributable to increased SRP delivery, with higher runoff volumes accounting for the remaining 35%. Increased SRP delivery occurred concomitantly with declining watershed P budgets. However, within these watersheds, there have been long-term, largescale changes in land management: reduced tillage to minimize erosion and particulate P loss, and increased tile drainage to improve field operations and profitability. These practices can inadvertently increase labile P fractions at the soil surface and transmission of soluble P via subsurface drainage. Our findings suggest that changes in agricultural practices, including some conservation practices designed to reduce erosion and particulate P transport, may have had unintended, cumulative, and converging impacts contributing to the increased SRP loads, reaching a critical threshold around 2002.
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80
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Heyneke E, Watanabe M, Erban A, Duan G, Buchner P, Walther D, Kopka J, Hawkesford MJ, Hoefgen R. Characterization of the Wheat Leaf Metabolome during Grain Filling and under Varied N-Supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2048. [PMID: 29238358 PMCID: PMC5712589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Progress in improving crop growth is an absolute goal despite the influence multifactorial components have on crop yield and quality. An Avalon × Cadenza doubled-haploid wheat mapping population was used to study the leaf metabolome of field grown wheat at weekly intervals during the time in which the canopy contributes to grain filling, i.e., from anthesis to 5 weeks post-anthesis. Wheat was grown under four different nitrogen supplies reaching from residual soil N to a luxury over-fertilization (0, 100, 200, and 350 kg N ha-1). Four lines from a segregating doubled haploid population derived of a cross of the wheat elite cvs. Avalon and Cadenza were chosen as they showed pairwise differences in either N utilization efficiency (NUtE) or senescence timing. 108 annotated metabolites of primary metabolism and ions were determined. The analysis did not provide genotype specific markers because of a remarkable stability of the metabolome between lines. We speculate that the reason for failing to identify genotypic markers might be due to insufficient genetic diversity of the wheat parents and/or the known tendency of plants to keep metabolome homeostasis even under adverse conditions through multiple adaptations and rescue mechanism. The data, however, provided a consistent catalogue of metabolites and their respective responses to environmental and developmental factors and may bode well for future systems biology approaches, and support plant breeding and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmien Heyneke
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Buchner
- Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Walther
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rainer Hoefgen
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81
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Bieroza MZ, Heathwaite AL. Unravelling organic matter and nutrient biogeochemistry in groundwater-fed rivers under baseflow conditions: Uncertainty in in situ high-frequency analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:1520-1533. [PMID: 26897611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural catchments, diffuse nutrient fluxes (mainly nitrogen N and phosphorus P), are observed to pollute receiving waters and cause eutrophication. Organic matter (OM) is important in mediating biogeochemical processes in freshwaters. Time series of the variation in nutrient and OM loads give insights into flux processes and their impact on biogeochemistry but are costly to maintain and challenging to analyse for elements that are highly reactive in the environment. We evaluated the capacity of the automated monitoring to capture typically low baseflow concentrations of the reactive forms of nutrients and OM: total reactive phosphorus (TRP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and tryptophan-like fluorescence (TLF). We compared the performance of in situ monitoring (wet chemistry analyser, UV-vis and fluorescence sensors) and automated grab sampling without instantaneous analysis using autosamplers. We found that automatic grab sampling shows storage transformations for TRP and TLF and do not reproduce the diurnal concentration pattern captured by the in situ analysers. The in situ TRP and fluorescence analysers respond to temperature variation and the relationship is concentration-dependent. Accurate detection of low P concentrations is particularly challenging due to large errors associated with both the in situ and autosampler measurements. Aquatic systems can be very sensitive to even low concentrations of P typical of baseflow conditions. Understanding transformations and measurement variability in reactive forms of nutrients and OM associated with in situ analysis is of great importance for understanding in-stream biogeochemical functioning and establishing robust monitoring protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Bieroza
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, United Kingdom; Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - A L Heathwaite
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, United Kingdom
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82
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Kim B, Gautier M, Simidoff A, Sanglar C, Chatain V, Michel P, Gourdon R. pH and Eh effects on phosphorus fate in constructed wetland's sludge surface deposit. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 183:175-181. [PMID: 27591843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of extreme pH and redox potential (Eh) conditions on phosphorus (P) retention within the surface sludge deposit layer of a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) where phosphorus was captured by FeCl3 injection. Series of 27 successive batch leaching tests were conducted under acidic, alkaline or reductive conditions using a representative sludge sample taken from an 8-year old VFCW plant. Experiments were followed by monitoring the pH and Eh variations and analysing the releases of P and other selected elements into the solutions. The sludge material was also analyzed before and after leaching, using solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy and sequential chemical extractions, in order to evaluate dissolutions of both organic and inorganic P-bearing species and their respective contributions to P release. The correlations between the monitored variables were analyzed and visualized through principal components analyses (PCA). Results showed a very good stability of P retention in the sludge deposit and a relatively good acid-buffering capacity of the sludge, revealing that the risk of accidental P release into the environment would be extremely low during the real plant operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Kim
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, 20 av. A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; SCIRPE, Society of Design and Production Engineering for Wastewater Purification, 5 Allée Alban Vistel, 69110 Sainte-Foy-Lès-Lyon, France.
| | - Mathieu Gautier
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, 20 av. A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Arnaud Simidoff
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, 20 av. A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Sanglar
- Univ Lyon, ISA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Chatain
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, 20 av. A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Michel
- SCIRPE, Society of Design and Production Engineering for Wastewater Purification, 5 Allée Alban Vistel, 69110 Sainte-Foy-Lès-Lyon, France
| | - Rémy Gourdon
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, 20 av. A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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83
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Increase phosphorus availability from the use of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) green manure in rice (Oryza sativa L.) agroecosystem. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36981. [PMID: 27833163 PMCID: PMC5105083 DOI: 10.1038/srep36981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa is a good green manure source, but its effect on rice growth has not been fully elucidated. Two green manure species, alfalfa and broad bean (Vicia faba L.), and two N fertilizer levels, alone or combination, were applied to a rice field. The results indicated that alfalfa had more pronounced effects on increasing soil labile phosphorus (P) fractions (including NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi), P uptake and soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) than broad bean and N fertilizer. The transformation of NaHCO3-Po to labile P regulated by alfalfa played a significant direct and indirect effect on grain yield. Although a much lower N input from alfalfa addition, a similar grain yield with N fertilizer treatment was achieved, and the integration of alfalfa with N fertilizer produced the highest grain yield and P availability, which was associated with the highest urease, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase activity in soil. These results indicate that alfalfa green manure had a great ability of increasing grain yield through enhancing P availability in rice paddy, which could give us a way to reduce N fertilizer application by enhancing P availability.
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84
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Cerozi BDS, Fitzsimmons K. The effect of pH on phosphorus availability and speciation in an aquaponics nutrient solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:778-781. [PMID: 27575336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between the main ions in aquaponics nutrient solutions affects chemical composition and availability of nutrients, and nutrient uptake by plant roots. This study determined the effect of pH on phosphorus (P) speciation and availability in an aquaponics nutrient solution and used Visual MINTEQ to simulate P species and P activity. In both experimental and simulated results, P availability decreased with increase in pH of aquaponics nutrient solutions. According to simulations, P binds to several cations leaving less free phosphate ions available in solution. High pH values resulted in the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate species. The study also demonstrated the importance of organic matter and alkalinity in keeping free phosphate ions in solution at high pH ranges. It is recommended though that pH in aquaponics systems is maintained at a 5.5-7.2 range for optimal availability and uptake by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno da Silva Cerozi
- Department of Soil Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210038, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, United States.
| | - Kevin Fitzsimmons
- Department of Soil Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210038, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, United States
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85
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Shedding Light on Increasing Trends of Phosphorus Concentration in Upper Austrian Rivers. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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86
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Zoboli O, Zessner M, Rechberger H. Supporting phosphorus management in Austria: Potential, priorities and limitations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:313-323. [PMID: 27177138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protecting water bodies from eutrophication, ensuring long-term food security and shifting to a circular economy represent compelling objectives to phosphorus management strategies. This study determines how and to which extent the management of phosphorus in Austria can be optimized. A detailed national model, obtained for the year 2013 through Material Flow Analysis, represents the reference situation. Applicability and limitations are discussed for a range of actions aimed at reducing consumption, increasing recycling, and lowering emissions. The potential contribution of each field of action is quantified and compared using three indicators: Import dependency, Consumption of fossil-P fertilizers and Emissions to water bodies. Further, the uncertainty of this assessment is characterized and priorities for the upgrade of data collection are identified. Moreover, all the potential gains discussed in the article are applied to the reference situation to generate an ideal target model. The results show that in Austria a large scope for phosphorus stewardship exists. Strategies based exclusively either on recycling or on the decline of P consumption hold a similar potential to reduce import dependency by 50% each. An enhanced P recycling from meat and bone meal, sewage sludge and compost could replace the current use of fossil-P fertilizers by 70%. The target model, i.e. the maximum that could be achieved taking into account trade-offs between different actions, is characterized by an extremely low import dependency of 0.23kgPcap(-1)y(-1) (2.2kgPcap(-1)y(-1) in 2013), by a 28% decline of emissions to water bodies and by null consumption of fossil-P fertilizers. This case study shows the added value of using Material Flow Analysis as a basis to design sound management strategies. The systemic approach inherent to it allows performing a proper comparative assessment of different actions, identifying priorities, and visualizing a target model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Zoboli
- Centre for Water Resource Systems, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Zessner
- Centre for Water Resource Systems, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Rechberger
- Centre for Water Resource Systems, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
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87
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King KW, Williams MR, Dick WA, LaBarge GA. Decreasing Phosphorus Loss in Tile-Drained Landscapes Using Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:1722-1730. [PMID: 27695765 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.04.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Elevated phosphorus (P) loading from agricultural nonpoint-source pollution continues to impair inland waterbodies throughout the world. The application of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum to agricultural fields has been suggested to decrease P loading because of its high calcium content and P sorbing potential. A before-after control-impact paired field experiment was used to examine the water quality effects of successive FGD gypsum applications (2.24 Mg ha; 1 ton acre each) to an Ohio field with high soil test P levels (>480 ppm Mehlich-3 P). Analysis of covariance was used to compare event discharge, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P (TP) concentrations and loadings in surface runoff and tile discharge between the baseline period (86 precipitation events) and Treatment Period 1 (42 precipitation events) and Treatment Period 2 (84 precipitation events). Results showed that, after the first application of FGD gypsum, event mean DRP and TP concentrations in treatment field tile water were significantly reduced by 21 and 10%, respectively, and DRP concentrations in surface runoff were significantly reduced by 14%; however, no significant reductions were noted in DRP or TP loading. After the second application, DRP and TP loads were significantly reduced in surface runoff (DRP, 41%; TP 40%), tile discharge (DRP, 35%; TP, 15%), and combined (surface + tile) discharge (DRP, 36%; TP, 38%). These findings indicate that surface application of FGD gypsum can be used as a tool to address elevated P concentrations and loadings in drainage waters.
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88
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Schröder W, Nickel S, Schönrock S, Meyer M, Wosniok W, Harmens H, Frontasyeva MV, Alber R, Aleksiayenak J, Barandovski L, Carballeira A, Danielsson H, de Temmermann L, Godzik B, Jeran Z, Karlsson GP, Lazo P, Leblond S, Lindroos AJ, Liiv S, Magnússon SH, Mankovska B, Martínez-Abaigar J, Piispanen J, Poikolainen J, Popescu IV, Qarri F, Santamaria JM, Skudnik M, Špirić Z, Stafilov T, Steinnes E, Stihi C, Thöni L, Uggerud HT, Zechmeister HG. Spatially valid data of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and nitrogen derived by moss surveys for pollution risk assessments of ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10457-10476. [PMID: 27068915 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For analysing element input into ecosystems and associated risks due to atmospheric deposition, element concentrations in moss provide complementary and time-integrated data at high spatial resolution every 5 years since 1990. The paper reviews (1) minimum sample sizes needed for reliable, statistical estimation of mean values at four different spatial scales (European and national level as well as landscape-specific level covering Europe and single countries); (2) trends of heavy metal (HM) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in moss in Europe (1990-2010); (3) correlations between concentrations of HM in moss and soil specimens collected across Norway (1990-2010); and (4) canopy drip-induced site-specific variation of N concentration in moss sampled in seven European countries (1990-2013). While the minimum sample sizes on the European and national level were achieved without exception, for some ecological land classes and elements, the coverage with sampling sites should be improved. The decline in emission and subsequent atmospheric deposition of HM across Europe has resulted in decreasing HM concentrations in moss between 1990 and 2010. In contrast, hardly any changes were observed for N in moss between 2005, when N was included into the survey for the first time, and 2010. In Norway, both, the moss and the soil survey data sets, were correlated, indicating a decrease of HM concentrations in moss and soil. At the site level, the average N deposition inside of forests was almost three times higher than the average N deposition outside of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Nickel
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Simon Schönrock
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Michaela Meyer
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Werner Wosniok
- Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harry Harmens
- ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Swansea, UK
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Moss Survey Coordination Centre, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Lambe Barandovski
- Institute of physics, Faculty of Natural sciences and mathematics, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | | | - Helena Danielsson
- Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Barbara Godzik
- Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Gunilla Pihl Karlsson
- Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Siiri Liiv
- Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Blanka Mankovska
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | - Jarmo Poikolainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland|, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ion V Popescu
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Zdravko Špirić
- OIKON Ltd.-Institute for Applied Ecology, Zagrebs, Croatia
| | | | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Lotti Thöni
- FUB-Research Group for Environmental Monitoring, Rapperswil, Switzerland
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89
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Ulrich AE, Malley DF, Watts PD. Lake Winnipeg Basin: Advocacy, challenges and progress for sustainable phosphorus and eutrophication control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:1030-1039. [PMID: 26475238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of agricultural production worldwide has altered cycles of phosphorus (P) and water. In particular, loading of P on land in fertilizer applications is a global water quality concern. The Lake Winnipeg Basin (LWB) is a major agricultural area displaying extreme eutrophication. We examined the eutrophication problem in the context of the reemerging global concern about future accessibility of phosphate rock for fertilizer production and sustainable phosphorus management. An exploratory action research participatory design was applied to study options for proactivity within the LWB. The multiple methods, including stakeholder interviews and surveys, demonstrate emerging synergies between the goals of reversing eutrophication and promoting food security. Furthermore, shifting the prevalent pollutant-driven eutrophication management paradigm in the basin toward a systemic, holistic and ecocentric approach, integrating global resource challenges, requires a mutual learning process among stakeholders in the basin to act on and adapt to ecosystem vulnerabilities. It is suggested to continue aspects of this research in a transdisciplinary format, i.e., science with society, in response to globally-expanding needs and concerns, with a possible focus on enhanced engagement of indigenous peoples and elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Ulrich
- Josefstrasse, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), Natural and Social Science Interface, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Diane F Malley
- PDK Projects, Inc., 5072 Vista View Crescent, Nanaimo, B.C. V9V 1L6, Canada.
| | - Paul D Watts
- Institute of Arctic Ecophysiology, Churchill, Canada; DALUHAY, Mandaluyong City, Philippines.
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90
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Chen D, Hu M, Guo Y, Dahlgren RA. Reconstructing historical changes in phosphorus inputs to rivers from point and nonpoint sources in a rapidly developing watershed in eastern China, 1980-2010. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 533:196-204. [PMID: 26163441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying point (PS) and nonpoint source (NPS) phosphorus inputs to rivers is critical for developing effective watershed remediation strategies. This study reconstructed PS and NPS total phosphorus (TP) inputs to the Yongan River in eastern China in 1980-2010 using a load apportionment model (LAM) from paired riverine TP concentrations and river discharge records. Based on the fundamental hydrological differences between PS and NPS pollution, the LAM statistically quantified their individual inputs as a power-law function of river discharge. The LAM-estimated monthly/annual riverine TP loads were in good agreement with results derived from a regression model, Load Estimator (LOADEST). The annual TP load increased from 18.4 to 357.0 Mg yr(-1) between 1980 and 2010. The PS input contributed 7-45% of annual total TP load and increased 23-fold, consistent with a 20-fold increase in flow-adjusted average chloride concentration during the low flow regime (a proxy for wastewater inputs), as well as measured increases in population, poultry, and industrial production. Inferring from observed TP and chloride ratios, as well as total suspended solids (TSS) and river discharge dynamics, temporally retained P load within the river during the low flow regime was estimated to contribute 18-65% of the annual PS input load. NPS inputs consistently dominated the annual riverine TP load (55-93%) and increased 19-fold, consistent with the strong correlation between riverine TP and TSS concentrations, increasing developed land area, improved agricultural drainage systems, and phosphorus accumulation in agricultural soils. Based on our analysis, TP pollution control strategies should be preferentially directed at reductions in NPS loads, especially during summer high-flow periods when the greatest eutrophication risk occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingjiang Chen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
| | - Minping Hu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Guo
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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91
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Schoumans OF, Bouraoui F, Kabbe C, Oenema O, van Dijk KC. Phosphorus management in Europe in a changing world. AMBIO 2015; 44 Suppl 2:S180-92. [PMID: 25681976 PMCID: PMC4329153 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Food production in Europe is dependent on imported phosphorus (P) fertilizers, but P use is inefficient and losses to the environment high. Here, we discuss possible solutions by changes in P management. We argue that not only the use of P fertilizers and P additives in feed could be reduced by fine-tuning fertilization and feeding to actual nutrient requirements, but also P from waste has to be completely recovered and recycled in order to close the P balance of Europe regionally and become less dependent on the availability of P-rock reserves. Finally, climate-smart P management measures are needed, to reduce the expected deterioration of surface water quality resulting from climate-change-induced P loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fayçal Bouraoui
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Christian Kabbe
- Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH, Cicerosstrasse 24, 10709 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oene Oenema
- Alterra Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimo C. van Dijk
- Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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