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Yellow-colored extract from cashew byproduct – Nonclinical safety assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 115:104699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lim HB, Lee HR. Safety and biological activity evaluation of Uncaria rhynchophylla ethanolic extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:907-918. [PMID: 32693641 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1786581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) belongs to the Rubiaceae family, and its dried hooks are usually used in traditional medicine. It is effective in treating diseases related to the central nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of UR extract, investigate its antimutagenic and antioxidative activities, and elucidate its active components. Extraction and fractionation of the UR extract resulted in yields of 6.71%, 0.037%, 0.042%, 0.152%, 0.332%, and 5.132%, for hexane, ether, DCM, EtOAC, and aqueous fractions, respectively. The four indole alkaloids, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of UR extract and its subfractions were measured. Alkaloid content was highest in the UR extract. TPC was the highest in the EtOAC fraction (373.7 ± 20.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), whereas TFC was the highest in the UR extract (33.5 ± 2.4 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g). To assess the safety of UR extract mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress inducibility assays were performed. The UR extract (2000 µg/plate) showed excellent antimutagenic activity (above 90%) against BaP in both TA98 and TA100 strains. The UR extract exhibited efficient DPPH (RC50 239.2 ± 16.5 µg/mL) and ABTS scavenging activity (RC50 458.7 ± 25.0 µg/mL). The UR extract (150 µg/mL) showed cytoprotective activity (65.6% ± 9.2%) against t-BHP. Among the subfractions, the EtOAC fraction possessed the strongest activities, overall. UR generally showed excellent biological activity at nontoxic concentrations (determined in vitro in current work), although the chemical composition of UR requires further investigation prior to its potential future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung Bin Lim
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryeol Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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NAVARRO-PERAZA RS, OSUNA-RUIZ I, LUGO-SÁNCHEZ ME, PACHECO-AGUILAR R, RAMÍREZ-SUÁREZ JC, BURGOS-HERNÁNDEZ A, MARTÍNEZ-MONTAÑO E, SALAZAR-LEYVA JA. Structural and biological properties of protein hydrolysates from seafood by-products: a review focused on fishery effluents. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bouguellid G, Russo C, Lavorgna M, Piscitelli C, Ayouni K, Wilson E, Kim HK, Verpoorte R, Choi YH, Kilani-Atmani D, Atmani D, Isidori M. Antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activities of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. leaves and stem bark extracts and their phytochemical composition. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230690. [PMID: 32298276 PMCID: PMC7161964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chronic degenerative diseases such as certain types of cancers, are becoming an evident issue. DNA damage has been for long recognized as a causal factor for cancer development because mutations or chromosomal aberrations affect oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes leading cells to malignant transformation and to the subsequent cancerous growth. Medicinal plants are often used for the prevention or treatment of various diseases with great scientific interest. Among the medicinal plants distributed in the Mediterranean region, Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. has been used in traditional medicine for its remarkable curative properties. However, in spite of this popularity, little works have been performed on the activity so that further studies should be performed to investigate in depth the antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activities of the plant. Thus, the present study was aimed to the evaluation of the potential antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative properties of leaves and stem bark extracts of this well-known tree. Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by Salmonella mutagenicity assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. The antigenotoxic potential was assessed by umu test in the strain of S. typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Antiproliferative activity was studied on human hepatoblastoma (HepG-2) and on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines by MTT assay. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity observed on cancer cells was compared with that on the human normal-like fibroblasts (TelCOFS02MA) and the selectivity index was calculated to understand if extracts were able to exert selective toxicity towards cancer cells. Moreover, phenolic compounds are plant substances with a large spectrum of biochemical activities with antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects. Based on the strong evidence of biological activities of phenolic compounds, the study was focused on the determination of total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and the phytochemical composition of the extracts assessed by LC/MS. The ethanol extracts of both leaves and stem barks showed significant from moderate to strong antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects. In addition, selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells was shown by ethanolic leaves extract and aqueous/chloroform leaves and stem bark extracts. The latter showed high levels of total phenolic contents among all the other extracts. Identified phenylethanoids (calceolariosides, verbascoside) and secoiridoids (oleuropein and ligstroside) could be responsible for the demonstrated broad spectrum of healthy properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Bouguellid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Piscitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Karima Ayouni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Erica Wilson
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hye Kyonn Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Kilani-Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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Akram M, Riaz M, Wadood AWC, Hazrat A, Mukhtiar M, Ahmad Zakki S, Daniyal M, Shariati MA, Said Khan F, Zainab R. Medicinal plants with anti-mutagenic potential. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1749527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood Chishti Wadood
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Department of Eastern Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hazrat
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mukhtiar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
- Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry (Semey Branch), Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Fahad Said Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Inhibitory activity of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract against testicular, liver and kidney toxicity induced by paracetamol in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1733-1749. [PMID: 31983015 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Black mulberry (Morus nigra) leaves is broadly used in traditional medicine worldwide. However, there are no scientific reports regarding testicular protection, hepato-and nephroprotective activities of M. nigra leaves. The present investigation was assessed the protective mechanism by which methanol extract from M. nigra leaves suppressed the damaging effects induced by paracetamol (APAP) in different mouse tissues. Male mice were orally given APAP (500 mg/kg) with or without M. nigra extract (150, 300, and 500 mg/kg) for four consecutive days. The results showed that crude extract possessed potent antioxidant activity (EC50 = 42.97 µg extract/mL) due to the presence of a high amount of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and rutin were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of M. nigra extract. Unexpectedly, oral administration of APAP did not induce chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow; however, it produced damaging effects on testis, liver, and kidney tissues. Interestingly, M. nigra extract suppressed APAP-induced genotoxicity by lowering meiotic chromosomal aberrations in spermatocytes, morphological sperm abnormalities, and % DNA damage in comet tail in the liver and kidney tissues. The altered levels of glutathione S transferase activity, lipid peroxidation, liver, and kidney functions were significantly reversed when M. nigra was given to APAP group. The restoring of the histo-architectural distortions and decreasing over-expression of p53 protein as determined by immunohistochemistry in the liver, kidney, and testis sections were strengthened the protective activity of M. nigra extract. Conclusion, the bioactive components in the leaves of black mulberry appear to be a good candidate for genetic protection, treatment of oxidative stress-induced organotoxicity.
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Diphenyl Ditelluride: Redox-Modulating and Antiproliferative Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2510936. [PMID: 31772702 PMCID: PMC6854260 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2510936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tellurium is a rare element that has been regarded as a toxic, nonessential element, and its biological role is not clearly established. In addition, the biological effects of elemental tellurium and some of its organic and inorganic derivatives have been studied, leading to a set of interesting and promising applications. Diphenyl ditelluride (DPDT), an organic tellurium derivate, showed antioxidant, antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties. The antioxidant and prooxidant properties of DPDT are complex and depend on experimental conditions, which may explain the contradictory reports of these properties. In addition, DPDT may exert its effects through different pathways, including distinct ones to those responsible for chemotherapy resistance phenotypes: transcription factors, membrane receptors, adhesion, structural molecules, cell cycle regulatory components, and apoptosis pathways. This review aims to present recent advances in our understanding of the biological effects, therapeutic potential, and safety of DPDT treatment. Moreover, original results demonstrating the cytotoxic effects of DPDT in different mammalian cell lines and systems biology analysis are included, and emerging approaches for possible future applications are inferred.
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Araujo CDS, Brito LD, Tarifa MO, Silva NJFD, Rodrigues KS, Cavalcante DGSM, Gomes AS, Zocoler MA, Yoshihara E, Camparoto ML, Job AE, Kerche LE. Protective effects of bark ethanolic extract from Spondias dulcis Forst F. against DNA damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene and cyclophosphamide. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:643-654. [PMID: 31188923 PMCID: PMC6905452 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the genotoxicity, mutagenicity, antigenotoxicity, and
antimutagenicity effects on biochemical parameters of oxidative stress of the
Spondias dulcis bark ethanolic extract on mice. The extract
was evaluated in the doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg bw via gavage. To
evaluate the protective effects of the extract, benzo[a]pyrene
(B[a]P) and cyclophosphamide (CP) were chosen as DNA damage
inducers. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity were evaluated by the comet assay.
Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and antimutagenicity were evaluated by the
micronucleus test in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The biochemical
parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated by the quantification of catalase
activity (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in total blood, liver and kidney,
and malondialdehyde (MDA), in liver and kidney. No genotoxic, cytotoxic, or
mutagenic effect was found on mice exposed to the extract. The extract depleted
the number of damaged nucleoids in total blood and the number of micronucleus
(MN) in both cell types. The extract was able to increase CAT activity and GSH
levels and decrease MDA levels after treatment with B[a]P and CP. The results
indicate that the S. dulcis extract has potential to be used as
preventive compound against DNA damage caused by CP and B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline de S Araujo
- Faculdade de Artes, Ciências, Letras e Educação, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorrane D Brito
- Faculdade de Artes, Ciências, Letras e Educação, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina O Tarifa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karoline S Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Dalita G S M Cavalcante
- Departmento de Física, Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa S Gomes
- Departmento de Física, Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Zocoler
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Eidi Yoshihara
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjori L Camparoto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Aldo E Job
- Departmento de Física, Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandra E Kerche
- Faculdade de Artes, Ciências, Letras e Educação, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Jesus S, Schmutz M, Som C, Borchard G, Wick P, Borges O. Hazard Assessment of Polymeric Nanobiomaterials for Drug Delivery: What Can We Learn From Literature So Far. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:261. [PMID: 31709243 PMCID: PMC6819371 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of nanobiomaterials, such as their small size and high surface area ratio, make them attractive, novel drug-carriers, with increased cellular interaction and increased permeation through several biological barriers. However, these same properties hinder any extrapolation of knowledge from the toxicity of their raw material. Though, as suggested by the Safe-by-Design (SbD) concept, the hazard assessment should be the starting point for the formulation development. This may enable us to select the most promising candidates of polymeric nanobiomaterials for safe drug-delivery in an early phase of innovation. Nowadays the majority of reports on polymeric nanomaterials are focused in optimizing the nanocarrier features, such as size, physical stability and drug loading efficacy, and in performing preliminary cytocompatibility testing and proving effectiveness of the drug loaded formulation, using the most diverse cell lines. Toxicological studies exploring the biological effects of the polymeric nanomaterials, particularly regarding immune system interaction are often disregarded. The objective of this review is to illustrate what is known about the biological effects of polymeric nanomaterials and to see if trends in toxicity and general links between physicochemical properties of nanobiomaterials and their effects may be derived. For that, data on chitosan, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and policaprolactone (PCL) nanomaterials will be evaluated regarding acute and repeated dose toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, toxicity on reproduction and hemocompatibility. We further intend to identify the analytical and biological tests described in the literature used to assess polymeric nanomaterials toxicity, to evaluate and interpret the available results and to expose the obstacles and challenges related to the nanomaterial testing. At the present time, considering all the information collected, the hazard assessment and thus also the SbD of polymeric nanomaterials is still dependent on a case-by-case evaluation. The identified obstacles prevent the identification of toxicity trends and the generation of an assertive toxicity database. In the future, in vitro and in vivo harmonized toxicity studies using unloaded polymeric nanomaterials, extensively characterized regarding their intrinsic and extrinsic properties should allow to generate such database. Such a database would enable us to apply the SbD approach more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jesus
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mélanie Schmutz
- Laboratory for Technology and Society, Empa Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Som
- Laboratory for Technology and Society, Empa Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Mutagenic Study of Benzimidazole Derivatives with (+S9) and without (-S9) Metabolic Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184324. [PMID: 31487790 PMCID: PMC6769500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole derivatives have a diverse range of biological activities, including antiulcer, antihypertensive, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Despite these activities, previous studies have revealed that some of the derivatives can induce mutations. This study aimed to screen for potential mutagenic activities of novel benzimidazole derivatives 1–4 using the Ames test and to study their structure–activity relationship (SAR). An Ames test was carried out on two strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100) in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. Genetic analysis was performed prior to the Ames test to determine the genotypes of the bacterial tester strains. Both bacterial strains showed dependency on histidine with the presence of rfa mutation, uvrB deletion, and plasmid pKM101. Further, all derivatives tested showed no mutagenic activity in the absence of metabolic activation in both tester strains. However, in the presence of metabolic activation, compound 1 appeared to induce mutation at 2.5 µg/plate when tested against the TA98 strain. These results suggest that the absence of the -OH group at the ortho-position over the phenyl ring might be the cause of increased mutagenic activity in compound 1. Additionally, the presence of mutagenic activity in compound 1 when it was metabolically activated indicates that this compound is a promutagen.
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Kumar N, Goel N. Phenolic acids: Natural versatile molecules with promising therapeutic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00370. [PMID: 31516850 PMCID: PMC6734135 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenolics are considered to be a vital human dietary component and exhibit a tremendous antioxidant activity as well as other health benefits. Epidemiology evidence indicates that a diet rich in antioxidant fruits and vegetables significantly reduces the risk of many oxidative stress related diseases viz. cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular. The number and position of hydroxyl group in a particular phenolic compound leads to the variation in their antioxidant potential. Polyphenols are the main source of dietary antioxidants, and are effortlessly absorbed in the intestine. Phenolic acids, a sub class of plant phenolics, possess phenol moiety and resonance stabilized structure which causes the H-atom donation results in antioxidant property through radical scavenging mechanism. Other mode such as radical quenching via electron donation and singlet oxygen quenching are also known for the antioxidant activity of phenolic acids. Furthermore, phenolic acids are found ubiquitously and well documented for other health protective effects like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic etc. The contribution emphasize on the phenolic acids potential in drug discovery. In addition their occurrence, biosynthesis, metabolism and health effects are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453552, India
| | - Nidhi Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
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Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Valadez-Vega MDC, Álvarez-González I, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán E. Garlic ( Allium sativum L.): A Brief Review of Its Antigenotoxic Effects. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080343. [PMID: 31412555 PMCID: PMC6722787 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Medicine/Complementary and Alternative Medicine is a practice that incorporates medicine based on plants, animals, and minerals for diagnosing, treating, and preventing certain diseases, including chronic degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Different factors generate its continued acceptance, highlighting its diversity, easy access, low cost, and the presence of relatively few adverse effects and, importantly, a high possibility of discovering antigenotoxic agents. In this regard, it is known that the use of different antigenotoxic agents is an efficient alternative to preventing human cancer and that, in general, these can act by means of a combination of various mechanisms of action and against one or various mutagens and/or carcinogens. Therefore, it is relevant to confirm its usefulness, efficacy, and its spectrum of action through different assays. With this in mind, the present manuscript has as its objective the compilation of different investigations carried out with garlic that have demonstrated its genoprotective capacity, and that have been evaluated by means of five of the most outstanding tests (Ames test, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus, and comet assay). Thus, we intend to provide information and bibliographic support to investigators in order for them to broaden their studies on the antigenotoxic spectrum of action of this perennial plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas", Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico
| | - Jeannett A Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Valadez-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas", Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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64
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Similar Safety Profile of the Enantiomeric N-Aminoalkyl Derivatives of Trans-2-Aminocyclohexan-1-ol Demonstrating Anticonvulsant Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132505. [PMID: 31323993 PMCID: PMC6651381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorder in the world. Many antiepileptic drugs cause multiple adverse effects. Moreover, multidrug resistance is a serious problem in epilepsy treatment. In the present study we evaluated the safety profile of three (1–3) new chiral N-aminoalkyl derivatives of trans-2-aminocyclohexan-1-ol demonstrating anticonvulsant activity. Our aim was also to determine differences between the enantiomeric compounds with respect to their safety profile. The results of the study indicated that compounds 1–3 are non-cytotoxic for astrocytes, although they exhibit cytotoxic activity against human glioblastoma cells. Moreover, 1–3 did not affect the viability of HepG2 cells and did not produce adducts with glutathione. Compounds 1–3 demonstrated no mutagenic activity either in the Salmonella typhimurium or in Vibrio harveyi tests. Additionally, the compounds displayed a strong or moderate antimutagenic effect. Finally, the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) ATPase assay demonstrated that both enantiomers are potent P-gp inhibitors. To sum up, our results indicate that the newly synthesized derivatives may be considered promising candidates for further research on anticonvulsant drug discovery and development. Our study indicated the similar safety profile of the enantiomeric N-aminoalkyl derivatives of trans-2-aminocyclohexan-1-ol, although in the previous studies both enantiomers differ in their biotransformation pathways and pharmacological activity.
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Ayhan BS, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K, Acar A. Antidiabetic potential and multi-biological activities of Trachystemon orientalis extracts. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Erikel E, Yuzbasioglu D, Unal F. In vitro genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of cynarin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:171-181. [PMID: 30890359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cynarin is an artichoke phytochemical that possesses a variety of pharmacological features including free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. The origin of artichoke species appears to be Mediterranean region. Two of these species, globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis DC), are widely cultivated and consumed. This vegetable, as the basis of the mediterranean diet, has been used as herbal medicine for its therapeutic effects since ancient times. Therefore, this study was performed to determine genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of cynarin against MMC (mitomycin C) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) induced genomic instability using chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays in human lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphocytes obtained from two healthy volunteers (1 male and 1 female) were exposed to different concentrations of cynarin (12-194 μM) alone and the combination of cynarin and MMC (0.60 μM) or cynarin and H2O2 (100 μM, only for comet assay). RESULTS Cynarin alone did not induce significant genotoxic effect in the CA, SCE (except 194 μM), MN, and comet assays. The combination of some concentrations of cynarin and MMC decreased the frequency of CAs, SCEs and MN induced by MMC. Furthermore, the combination of cynarin and H2O2 reduced all comet parameters at all the concentrations compared to H2O2 alone. While the highest concentrations of cynarin significantly decreased mitotic index (MI), the combination of cynarin and MMC increased the reduction of MI induced by MMC alone. CONCLUSION All the results obtained in this study demonstrated that cynarin exhibited antigenotoxic effects rather than genotoxic effects. It is believed that cynarin can act as a potential chemo-preventive against genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Erikel
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Yuzbasioglu
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Unal
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
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Amberg A, Anger LT, Bercu J, Bower D, Cross KP, Custer L, Harvey JS, Hasselgren C, Honma M, Johnson C, Jolly R, Kenyon MO, Kruhlak NL, Leavitt P, Quigley DP, Miller S, Snodin D, Stavitskaya L, Teasdale A, Trejo-Martin A, White AT, Wichard J, Myatt GJ. Extending (Q)SARs to incorporate proprietary knowledge for regulatory purposes: is aromatic N-oxide a structural alert for predicting DNA-reactive mutagenicity? Mutagenesis 2019; 34:67-82. [PMID: 30189015 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(Quantitative) structure-activity relationship or (Q)SAR predictions of DNA-reactive mutagenicity are important to support both the design of new chemicals and the assessment of impurities, degradants, metabolites, extractables and leachables, as well as existing chemicals. Aromatic N-oxides represent a class of compounds that are often considered alerting for mutagenicity yet the scientific rationale of this structural alert is not clear and has been questioned. Because aromatic N-oxide-containing compounds may be encountered as impurities, degradants and metabolites, it is important to accurately predict mutagenicity of this chemical class. This article analysed a series of publicly available aromatic N-oxide data in search of supporting information. The article also used a previously developed structure-activity relationship (SAR) fingerprint methodology where a series of aromatic N-oxide substructures was generated and matched against public and proprietary databases, including pharmaceutical data. An assessment of the number of mutagenic and non-mutagenic compounds matching each substructure across all sources was used to understand whether the general class or any specific subclasses appear to lead to mutagenicity. This analysis resulted in a downgrade of the general aromatic N-oxide alert. However, it was determined there were enough public and proprietary data to assign the quindioxin and related chemicals as well as benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 1-oxide subclasses as alerts. The overall results of this analysis were incorporated into Leadscope's expert-rule-based model to enhance its predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi, R&D Preclinical Safety Frankfurt, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lennart T Anger
- Sanofi, R&D Preclinical Safety Frankfurt, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joel Bercu
- Gilead Sciences, Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Custer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - James S Harvey
- GlaxoSmithKline Pre-Clinical Development, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Masamitsu Honma
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Genetics & Mutagenesis, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Robert Jolly
- Toxicology Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michelle O Kenyon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Drug Safety, Genetic Toxicology, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Naomi L Kruhlak
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Penny Leavitt
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lidiya Stavitskaya
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Teasdale
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | | | - Angela T White
- GlaxoSmithKline Pre-Clinical Development, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Joerg Wichard
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals Division, Investigational Toxicology, Muellerstr, Berlin, Germany
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García Forero A, Villamizar Mantilla DA, Núñez LA, Ocazionez RE, Stashenko EE, Fuentes JL. Photoprotective and Antigenotoxic Effects of the Flavonoids Apigenin, Naringenin and Pinocembrin. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1010-1018. [PMID: 30636010 DOI: 10.1111/php.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the photoprotective and antigenotoxic effects against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation of flavonoid compounds apigenin, naringenin and pinocembrin. The photoprotective efficacy of these compounds was estimated using in vitro photoprotection indices, and the antigenotoxicity against UVB radiation was evaluated using the SOS chromotest and an enzymatic (proteinase K/T4 endonuclease V enzyme) comet assay in UV-treated Escherichia coli and human (HEK-293) cells, respectively. Naringenin and pinocembrin showed maximum UV-absorption peak in UVC and UVB zones, while apigenin showed UV-absorption capability from UVC to UVA range. These compounds acted as UV filters reducing UV-induced genotoxicity, both in bacteria and in human cells. The enzymatic comet assay resulted highly sensitive for detection of UVB-induced DNA damage in HEK-293 cells. In this work, the photoprotective potential of these flavonoids was widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana García Forero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diego Armando Villamizar Mantilla
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Luis A Núñez
- Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Raquel Elvira Ocazionez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Figat R, Zgadzaj A, Geschke S, Sieczka P, Pietrosiuk A, Sommer S, Skrzypczak A. Cytotoxicity and antigenotoxicity evaluation of acetylshikonin and shikonin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 44:140-147. [PMID: 30574814 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1536710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin (SH) is used as a red pigment for food coloring and cosmetics, and has cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells. However, due to strong toxicity SH has limited potential as an anticancer drug. Acetylshikonin (ASH) is one of the SH derivatives with promising anticancer potential. In present study, we attempted to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of SH and ASH towards a normal cell line (V79) and in addition to evaluate their antigenotoxic activity. The evaluation was made with the use of the set of cytotoxicity assays with V79 line and the micronucleus test in vitro performed using clinafloxacin (CLFX), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as direct genotoxins and cyclophosphamide (CPA) as indirect genotoxin. For CPA and EMS the simultaneous protocol was used and for CLFX three different variants were performed: pretreatment, simultaneous, and post-treatment. A higher cytotoxic effect was observed for SH. The EC50 values obtained for SH were approximately twofold lower compared to that of ASH. Moreover, ASH exhibited an antigenotoxic potential against CPA-induced genotoxicity, whereas SH has no activity. However, ASH increased the EMS-induced genotoxicity, when SH exhibited no effect. Both compounds decreased the genotoxicity of CLFX in pretreatment and simultaneous protocol. Based on the results of the present study it can be concluded that ASH is less cytotoxic than SH to normal cells and has comparable antigenotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Figat
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zgadzaj
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Geschke
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sieczka
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pietrosiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwester Sommer
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Skrzypczak
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Eggplant fruits protect against DNA damage and mutations. Mutat Res 2018; 813:39-45. [PMID: 30594791 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant belongs to the Solanaceae family, and it has an important antioxidant capability that has been shown to counteract oxidation, which is harmful to health and many diseases. In this present study, we evaluated the antigenotoxic effects of six eggplants ((Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. 'Ma-khuea-lueang'; ML), (Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. 'Ma-khuea-pro'; MP), (Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. 'Ma-khuea-sawoei'; MS), (Solanum melongena Linn. 'Ma-khuea-khai-tao'; MKT), (Solanum melongena Linn. 'Ma-khuea-muang klom'; MM) and (Solanum torvum Sw. 'Ma-khuea-phuang'; MPH)) against urethane-induced somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. First, we determined all of the eggplant extracts of their antioxidant properties including radical scavenging activities, reducing antioxidant power and total phenolic contents, surprisingly ML extract showed the highest level of activity. In SMART, larvae were fed with each lyophilized eggplant. The results revealed that no sample was mutagenic. Interestingly, we found that all six eggplants had a potent inhibitory effect against urethane-induced mutagenicity. Moreover, the protective effect of each eggplant extract against oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes was investigated using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. The treatment cells with six eggplant extracts prevented DNA human lymphocytes in response to hydrogen peroxide, especially ML extract exhibited higher an inhibition percentage than other samples. This study demonstrated that these eggplants seem to be safe for consumption and their extracts could protect against DNA damage. Thus, these eggplants have the potential to provide health benefits associated with prevention or reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cancer.
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López-Romero D, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Alvarez-Gonzalez I, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán E. Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 2: Plants, Vegetables, and Natural Resin. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1954. [PMID: 30544726 PMCID: PMC6316078 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens, or teratogens. Genotoxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases, including hepatic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders; diabetes; arthritis; cancer; chronic inflammation; and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown the antigenotoxic potential of different fruits and plants (Part 1). In this review (Part 2), we present a research overview conducted on some plants and vegetables (spirulina, broccoli, chamomile, cocoa, ginger, laurel, marigold, roselle, and rosemary), which are frequently consumed by humans. In addition, an analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from those vegetables and the analysis of a resin (propolis),whose antigenotoxic power has been demonstrated in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus, and comet assay, was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David López-Romero
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Jeannett A Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas". Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Isela Alvarez-Gonzalez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas". Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activities of Different Fractions from the Leaves of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. and Their GC-MS Profiling. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092239. [PMID: 30177614 PMCID: PMC6225473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this era of urbanization and environmental pollution, antioxidants and antimutagens derived from plants are promising safeguards for human health. In the current investigation, we analyzed the antioxidant and antimutagenic effects of the hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. leaves and determined their chemical composition. The different fractions inhibited lipid peroxidation, repressed the production of nitric oxide radicals, and prevented deoxyribose degradation. The antimutagenic activity of the leaf fractions was analyzed against 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, sodium azide and 2-aminofluorene mutagens in two test strains (TA-98 and TA-100) of Salmonella typhimurium. The experiment was conducted using pre- and co-incubation modes. The best results were obtained in the pre-incubation mode, and against indirect acting mutagen. The presence of a number of bioactive constituents was confirmed in the different fractions by GC-MS analysis. The study reveals the strong antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of R. arboreum leaves. We propose that those activities of R. arboreum might correspond to the combined effect of the phytochemicals identified by GC-MS analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antimutagenic activity of R. arboreum leaves.
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Atorvastatin Downregulates In Vitro Methyl Methanesulfonate and Cyclophosphamide Alkylation-Mediated Cellular and DNA Injuries. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7820890. [PMID: 29849914 PMCID: PMC5903342 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7820890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, and this class of drugs has been studied as protective agents against DNA damages. Alkylating agents (AAs) are able to induce alkylation in macromolecules, causing DNA damage, as DNA methylation. Our objective was to evaluate atorvastatin (AVA) antimutagenic, cytoprotective, and antigenotoxic potentials against DNA lesions caused by AA. AVA chemopreventive ability was evaluated using antimutagenicity assays (Salmonella/microsome assay), cytotoxicity, cell cycle, and genotoxicity assays in HepG2 cells. The cells were cotreated with AVA and the AA methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) or cyclophosphamide (CPA). Our datum showed that AVA reduces the alkylation-mediated DNA damage in different in vitro experimental models. Cytoprotection of AVA at low doses (0.1–1.0 μM) was observed after 24 h of cotreatment with MMS or CPA at their LC50, causing an increase in HepG2 survival rates. After all, AVA at 10 μM and 25 μM had decreased effect in micronucleus formation in HepG2 cells and restored cell cycle alterations induced by MMS and CPA. This study supports the hypothesis that statins can be chemopreventive agents, acting as antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, and cytoprotective components, specifically against alkylating agents of DNA.
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Senes-Lopes TF, López JA, do Amaral VS, Brandão-Neto J, de Rezende AA, da Luz JRD, Guterres ZDR, Almeida MDG. Genotoxicity of Turnera subulata and Spondias mombin × Spondias tuberosa Extracts from Brazilian Caatinga Biome. J Med Food 2018; 21:372-379. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Felipe Senes-Lopes
- Program of Postgraduation in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto López
- Program of Postgraduation in Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Technology and Research/Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Viviane Souza do Amaral
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Program of Postgraduation in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Program of Postgraduation in Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Technology and Research/Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Program of Postgraduation in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Program of Postgraduation in Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Technology and Research/Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Program of Postgraduation in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Zaira da Rosa Guterres
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Mundo Novo, Matto Grasso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Program of Postgraduation in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Program of Postgraduation in Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Technology and Research/Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Khan MS, Abul Qais F, Ahmad I, Hussain A, Alajmi MF. Genotoxicity inhibition by Syzygium cumini (L.) seed fraction and rutin: understanding the underlying mechanism of DNA protection. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:156-171. [PMID: 30090571 PMCID: PMC6062347 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the ethnopharmacological importance of Syzygium cumini's seed and the lack of information on the antimutagenic and DNA-protecting mechanisms, a fraction-based study was conducted. Four different (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) fractions were obtained from the sequential extraction of the methanolic extract of the seed. The most active antioxidant fraction (ethyl acetate) contained significant amount of phenolics and flavonoids. LC-qTOF-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of rutin, myricetin, naringin, cuscohygrin, and epoxycarryophyllone as constituent phytocompounds. The ethyl acetate fraction (100 μg ml-1) and a selected compound (rutin, 40 μg ml-1) showed remarkable decrease in the revertants frequency range from 74-77% and 66-84%, respectively, against both the mutagens (sodium azide (NaN3) and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS)) in the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. All the statistical analyses were at a significance level of 0.05 between the different treatment groups. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of antimutagenicity using different treatment regime for rutin was explored. MMS-mediated DNA fragmentation and oxidation in lymphocytes were also shown to be decreased significantly when treated with the ethyl acetate fraction and rutin. Oxidative damage to pBR322 plasmid DNA was also reduced when incubated with different concentration of the ethyl acetate fraction and rutin. Biophysical (UV, fluorescence, ITC, etc.) and computational methods were employed to obtain a closer look at the DNA-rutin interaction. The data obtained clearly revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited promising antimutagenic and DNA-protective activity and its flavonoid constituents, including rutin, contribute significantly to the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shavez Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh-202002 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9897902936
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh-202002 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9897902936
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh-202002 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9897902936
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , PO Box 2457 , Riyadh 11451 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , PO Box 2457 , Riyadh 11451 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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77
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In Vitro Study of the Cytotoxic, Cytostatic, and Antigenotoxic Profile of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. (Apocynaceae) Crude Drug Extract on T Lymphoblastic Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10020070. [PMID: 29415441 PMCID: PMC5848171 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional Indian medicine, the crude drug Hemidesmus indicus root—commonly known as Indian sarsaparilla—is used alone or in poly-herbal preparations for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. The present study focuses on the cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of H. indicus extracts on an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (CCRF-CEM). With this aim in mind, we subjected H. indicus roots to two subsequent extractions (hydro-alcoholic extraction and soxhlet extraction). As DNA damage is an important prerequisite for the induction of mutations/cancer by genotoxic carcinogens, cancer chemoprevention may be achieved by preventing genotoxicity. Through an integrated experimental approach, we explored the genoprotective potential of the soxhlet H. indicus extract against different mutagenic compounds and its cytotoxic, proapoptotic, and cytostatic properties. In our experimental conditions, H. indicus induced a cytotoxic effect involving the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and blocked the cell cycle in the S phase. Moreover, the antigenotoxicity results showed that the extract was able to mitigate DNA damage, an essential mechanism for its applicability as a chemopreventive agent, via either the modulation of extracellular and intracellular events involved in DNA damage. These data add to the growing body of evidence that H. indicus can represent a noteworthy strategy to target early and late stages of cancer.
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78
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Di Giacomo S, Abete L, Cocchiola R, Mazzanti G, Eufemi M, Di Sotto A. Caryophyllane sesquiterpenes inhibit DNA-damage by tobacco smoke in bacterial and mammalian cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:393-404. [PMID: 29154797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the ability of the natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (CRY) and its metabolite β-caryophyllene oxide (CRYO) to inhibit the genotoxicity of a condensate of cigarette smoke (CSC) was evaluated both in bacterial and mammalian cells. Also, the inhibition of the CSC-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation and intracellular oxidative stress was evaluated as potential chemopreventive mechanism. Under our experimental conditions, both the sesquiterpenes exhibited antimutagenic properties, being CRY the most potent compound. The antimutagenicity was highlighted in all experimental protocols, being particularly strong in the co- and post-treatments. The test substances also reduced the micronuclei frequency induced by CSC, with a major effectiveness of CRY. CRY was also able to reduce the CSC-mediated increase of the Y705- pSTAT3 levels, in spite of a lacking effect of CRYO. Furthermore, the sesquiterpenes CRY and CRYO displayed a moderate antioxidant activity, with a 25 % and 40 % inhibition of the ROS-levels increased by CSC, respectively. On the basis of these results, CRY seems to be a multi-target chemopreventive agent, although the genoprotective and antioxidant effects of CRYO suggest that both compounds deserve to be deeply investigated for a possible application in the prevention and treatment of different smoke-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Abete
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Cocchiola
- Department of Biochemical Science "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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79
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Diab KA, Fahmy MA, Hassan ZM, Hassan EM, Salama AB, Omara EA. Genotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and the protective role of essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. in mice using chromosomal aberration, micronuclei formation, and comet assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1621-1636. [PMID: 29098592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to evaluate the genotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mouse bone marrow and male germ cells. The safety and the modulating activity of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil (SEO) against the possible genotoxic effect of CCl4 were also evaluated. A combination of in vivo mutagenic endpoints was included: micronucleus (MN), apoptosis using dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, comet assay, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and sperm abnormalities. Histological examination of testis tissues was also studied. The extracted SEO was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identifying its chemical constituents. Safety/genotoxicity of SEO was determined after two consecutive weeks (5 days/week) from oral treatment with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mL/kg). For assessing genotoxicity of CCl4, both acute (once) and subacute i.p. treatment for 2 weeks (3 days/week) with the concentrations 1.2 mL/kg (for acute) and 0.8 mL/kg (for subacute) were performed. For evaluating the protective role of SEO, simultaneous treatment with SEO plus CCl4 was examined. In sperm abnormalities, mice were treated with the subject materials for five successive days and the samples were collected after 35 days from the beginning of treatment. Based on GC-MS findings, 22 components were identified in the chromatogram of SEO. The results demonstrated that the three concentrations of SEO were safe and non-genotoxic in all the tested endpoints. Negative results were also observed in bone marrow after acute and subacute treatment with CCl4. In contrast, CCl4 induced testicular DNA damage as evidenced by a significant increase of CAs in primary spermatocytes, sperm abnormalities, and histological distortion of testis. A remarkable reduction in these cells was observed in groups treated with SEO plus CCl4 especially with the two higher concentrations of SEO. In conclusion, SEO is safe and non-genotoxic under the tested conditions and can modulate genetic damage and histological alteration induced by CCl4 in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar Ae Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Fahmy
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M Hassan
- Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad M Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel B Salama
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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80
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Lovinskaya AV, Kolumbayeva SZ, Shalakhmetova TM, Marsova MV, Abilev SK. Antigenotoxic activity of biologically active substances from Inula britannica and Limonium gmelini. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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81
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Losada-Echeberría M, Herranz-López M, Micol V, Barrajón-Catalán E. Polyphenols as Promising Drugs against Main Breast Cancer Signatures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E88. [PMID: 29112149 PMCID: PMC5745498 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide, and in spite of clinical and pharmacological advances, it is still a clinical problem, causing morbidity and mortality. On the one hand, breast cancer shares with other neoplasms some molecular signatures such as an imbalanced redox state, cell cycle alterations, increased proliferation and an inflammatory status. On the other hand, breast cancer shows differential molecular subtypes that determine its prognosis and treatment. These are characterized mainly by hormone receptors especially estrogen receptors (ERs) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Tumors with none of these receptors are classified as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and are associated with a worse prognosis. The success of treatments partially depends on their specificity and the adequate molecular classification of tumors. New advances in anticancer drug discovery using natural compounds have been made in the last few decades, and polyphenols have emerged as promising molecules. They may act on various molecular targets because of their promiscuous behavior, presenting several physiological effects, some of which confer antitumor activity. This review analyzes the accumulated evidence of the antitumor effects of plant polyphenols on breast cancer, with special attention to their activity on ERs and HER2 targets and also covering different aspects such as redox balance, uncontrolled proliferation and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Losada-Echeberría
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
| | - María Herranz-López
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
- CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain.
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
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82
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Rampal G, Thind TS, Arora R, Vig AP, Arora S. Synergistic antimutagenic effect of isothiocyanates against varied mutagens. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:879-887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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83
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Zhao M, Wang P, Li D, Shang J, Hu X, Chen F. Protection against neo-formed contaminants (NFCs)-induced toxicity by phytochemicals. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:392-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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84
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Antimutagenic activity of vitamin B1 against damages induced by chemical and physical mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:202-206. [PMID: 28927723 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient acting mainly as an enzymatic cofactor on diverse cell processes. It has been reported that vitamin B1 has a significant role in the signaling pathways related to the response to adverse environmental conditions (chemical and physical). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimutagenic potential of vitamin B1 in front of DNA-alkylating agents in the presence/absence of ogt and ada repairing genes in Salmonella typhimurium strains and against damage induced by ultraviolet light type C in Escherichia coli strains mutated at the uvrABC system and recBCD enzymes. For S. typhimurium, an antimutagenesis test (Ames test) was performed using strains deficient in one or both genes (YG7100 ada-/ogt+, YG7104 ada+/ogt-, YG7108 ada-/ogt-). For E. coli, mutated strains (K-12 derived strains Hfr H180 uvrB+/recA+, W3110 uvrB+/recA- and ATCC®8739 uvrB-/recA+) were exposed to UV-C light at different time intervals, with and without vitamin B1. Our results showed that thiamine is an antimutagen against methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine only when the ogt gene is present. While for E. coli, the presence of vitamin B1 increased the survival rate, implying an antimutagenesis independent of uvrABC repairing system and recBCD enzymes.
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85
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Gontijo DC, Brandão GC, Gontijo PC, de Oliveira AB, Diaz MAN, Fietto LG, Leite JPV. Identification of phenolic compounds and biologically related activities from Ocotea odorifera aqueous extract leaves. Food Chem 2017; 230:618-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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86
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Marć MA, Domínguez-Álvarez E, Słoczyńska K, Żmudzki P, Chłoń-Rzepa G, Pękala E. In Vitro Biotransformation, Safety, and Chemopreventive Action of Novel 8-Methoxy-Purine-2,6-Dione Derivatives. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28624999 PMCID: PMC5756575 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic stability, mutagenicity, antimutagenicity, and the ability to scavenge free radicals of four novel 8-methoxy-purine-2,6-dione derivatives (compounds 1–4) demonstrating analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties were determined. Metabolic stability was evaluated in Cunninghamella and microsomal models, mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were assessed using the Ames and the Vibrio harveyi tests, and free radical scavenging activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. In the Cunninghamella model, compound 2 did not undergo any biotransformation; whereas 3 and 4 showed less metabolic stability: 1–9 and 53–88% of the parental compound, respectively, underwent biotransformation reactions in different Cunninghamella strains. The metabolites detected after the biotransformation of 3 and 4 were aromatic hydroxylation and N-dealkylation products. On the other hand, the N-dealkylation product was the only metabolite formed in microsome assay. Additionally, these derivatives do not possess mutagenic potential in microbiological models (Vibrio harveyi and Salmonella typhimurium) considered. Moreover, all compounds showed a strong chemopreventive activity in the modified Vibrio harveyi strains BB7X and BB7M. However, radical scavenging activity was not the mechanism which explained the observed chemopreventive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Anna Marć
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Enrique Domínguez-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.,Institute of General Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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87
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Saxena S, Tripathi J, Chatterjee S, Gautam S. Natural Predominance of Abscisic Acid in Pongammia pinnata ("Karanj") Honey Contributed to its Strong Antimutagenicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4624-4633. [PMID: 28535345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Various samples of raw (unprocessed) floral honey collected from different geographical locations of India were assayed for its antimutagenicity against ethyl methanesulfonate in E. coli MG1655 cells through rifampicin resistance assay. A monofloral honey ("Pongammia pinnata", local name "Karanj") displayed maximum antimutagenicity (78.0 ± 1.7; P ≤ 0.05). Solid phase extraction (using Amberlite XAD-2 resin) followed by HPLC resulted into different peaks displaying varying antimutagenicity. Peak at retention time (Rt) 27.9 min (henceforth called P28) displayed maximum antimutagenicity and was further characterized to be abscisic acid (ABA) using ESI-MS and NMR. Its antimutagenicity was reconfirmed through human lymphoblast cell line (TK6) mutation assay using thymidine kinase (tk+/-) cell line. Although ABA from this honey displayed strong antimutagenicity, it lacked any in vitro antioxidant capacity indicating noninvolvement of any radical scavenging in the observed antimutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Saxena
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Jyoti Tripathi
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400094, India
| | | | - Satyendra Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400094, India
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88
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Zakhidov ST, Mudzhiri NM, Rudoy VM, Dement’eva OV, Makarov AA, Zelenina IA, Marshak TL. Gold nanoparticles: Mutagen, antimutagen, or comutagen? BIOL BULL+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359017030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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89
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de Oliveira JT, Barbosa MCDS, de Camargos LF, da Silva IVG, Varotti FDP, da Silva LM, Moreira LM, Lyon JP, Dos Santos VJDSV, Dos Santos FV. Digoxin reduces the mutagenic effects of Mitomycin C in human and rodent cell lines. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:699-710. [PMID: 28321777 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Digoxin is a drug widely used to treat heart failure and studies have demonstrated its potential as anticancer agent. In addition, digoxin presents the potential to interact with a series of other compounds used in medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of digoxin and its potential to interact with the mutagen Mitomycin C (MMC). The cytotoxicity of digoxin was assessed by employing the MTT method and the comet assay was performed to assess the genotoxicity of this medicine in CHO-K1 and HeLa cell lines. Besides, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was performed to assess the mutagenicity and the antimutagenicity of this drug. The Ames assay was also performed with TA98 and TA100 strains of S. typhimurium. Results showed that digoxin was cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic for HeLa and CHO-K1 cell lines at concentrations many times higher than those observed in human therapeutic conditions. Nevertheless, an antimutagenic effect against the mutagen MMC was observed on both cell lines in concentrations near those used therapeutically in humans. This chemoprotective effect observed is an interesting finding that should be better explored regarding its impact in anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Teixeira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Mutagênese (LaBCeM), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-506, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Maria C da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Mutagênese (LaBCeM), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-506, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Luiz F de Camargos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Mutagênese (LaBCeM), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-506, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Isabella Viana Gomes da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Mutagênese (LaBCeM), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-506, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Pilla Varotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Luciana M da Silva
- Serviço de Biologia Celular (SBC), Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, 30510-010, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marmo Moreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia (DZOO), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Lyon
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNAT), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Vieira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Mutagênese (LaBCeM), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-506, Brazil. .,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil.
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90
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Carmona ER, Reyes-Díaz M, Parodi J, Inostroza-Blancheteau C. Antimutagenic evaluation of traditional medicinal plants from South America Peumus boldus and Cryptocarya alba using Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:208-217. [PMID: 28304234 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1279574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Peumus boldus Mol. ("Boldo") and Cryptocarya alba Mol. Looser ("Peumo") are medicinal shrubs with wide geographical distribution in South America. Their leaves and fruits are commonly used in traditional medicine because they exhibit natural medicinal properties for treatment of liver disorders and rheumatism. However, there are no apparent data regarding potential protective effects on cellular genetic components. In order to examine potential mutagenic and/or antimutagenic effects of these medicinal plants, the Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) wing-spot test was employed. This assay detects a wide range of mutational events, including point mutations, deletions, certain types of chromosomal aberrations (nondisjunction), and mitotic recombination. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds were carried out using biochemical and high-performance liquid chromatography methodologies. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of P. boldus and C. alba leaf extracts was also analyzed. P. boldus and C. alba extracts did not induce significant mutagenic effects in the D. melanogaster model. However, simultaneous treatment of extracts concurrently with the mutagen ethyl methane sulphonate showed a decrease of mutant spots in somatic cells of D. melanogaster, indicating desmutagenic effects in this in vivo model. Flavonoids and anthocyanins were detected predominantly in the extracts, and these compounds exerted significant antioxidant capacity. The observed antimutagenic effects may be related to the presence of phytochemicals with high antioxidant capacity, such as flavonoids and antohocyanins, in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico R Carmona
- a Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados (BioMA), Facultad de Ingeniería , Universidad Católica de Temuco , Temuco , Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- b Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencias y Administración , Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile
- c Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN) , Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile
| | - Jorge Parodi
- d Laboratorio InmunoParasitología Molecular, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Departamento Ciencias Preclínicas , Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- e Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía , Universidad Católica de Temuco , Temuco , Chile
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91
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Izquierdo-Vega JA, Morales-González JA, SánchezGutiérrez M, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Sosa-Delgado SM, Sumaya-Martínez MT, Morales-González Á, Paniagua-Pérez R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Madrigal-Santillán E. Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 1: Fruits and Polysaccharides. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020102. [PMID: 28157162 PMCID: PMC5331533 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens or teratogens. Genotoxins are involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases including hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, chronic inflammation and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown potential antigenotoxicity in a variety of fruits. In this review (Part 1), we present an overview of research conducted on some fruits (grapefruit, cranberries, pomegranate, guava, pineapple, and mango) which are frequentl consumed by humans, as well as the analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from fruits and yeasts which have demonstrated antigenotoxic capacity in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - Manuel SánchezGutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Sara M Sosa-Delgado
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - María Teresa Sumaya-Martínez
- Secretaría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo. Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Tepic 28000, Nayarit, México.
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad A. López Mateos, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Muscular, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Av. México-Xochimilco. Col., Arenal de Guadalupe, México D.F. 14389, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Unidad A. López-Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
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92
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Aguilar-Toalá J, Santiago-López L, Peres C, Peres C, Garcia H, Vallejo-Cordoba B, González-Córdova A, Hernández-Mendoza A. Assessment of multifunctional activity of bioactive peptides derived from fermented milk by specific Lactobacillus plantarum strains. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:65-75. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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93
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Kumar S, Chatterjee S, Tripathi J, Gautam S. Purification and Characterization of the Principal Antimutagenic Bioactive as Ethoxy-Substituted Phylloquinone from Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) Based on Evaluation in Models Including Human Lymphoblast TK +/- Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8773-8782. [PMID: 27806562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During in vitro analysis, spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) leaf extracts displayed varying antimutagenicity when analyzed in models including human lymphoblast (TK+/-) cell line (thymidine kinase gene mutation assay) and Escherichia coli MG1655 (rifampicin resistance assay) against chemically (ethyl methanesulfonate and 5-azacytidine) induced mutagenicity. Highest antimutagenicity was displayed by the quinone extract. The principal bioactive compound exhibited fluorescence in TLC at 366 nm (termed C4) resolved at Rf 0.32 and tR 15.2 min in TLC and HPLC, respectively. On the TLC plate, three spots (C1-C3), observed at 254 nm, displayed comparatively lesser antimutagenicity. Furthermore, biochemical and spectroscopic analyses using MALDI-TOF MS and NMR indicated the nature of the potent compound (C4) as an ethoxy-substituted phylloquinone derivative [2-ethoxy-3-((E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione]. The C4 compound did not display any cytotoxicity and hence possesses significant nutraceutical-based intervention possibility to combat the onset of mutation-associated disease(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085, India
| | | | - Jyoti Tripathi
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Satyendra Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400 085, India
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94
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Kaur S, Kumar M, Kaur P, Kaur V, Kaur S. Modulatory effects of Cassia fistula fruits against free radicals and genotoxicity of mutagens. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:220-231. [PMID: 27984161 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cassia fistula L. (Fabaceae) fruits are highly recommended in folklore medicine for curing various ailments. In the current study, methanol (CaFM), hexane (CaFH), chloroform (CaFCl), ethyl acetate (CaFE), butanol (CaFB) and aqueous (CaFA) fractions of C. fistula fruits were investigated for their potential to inhibit the genotoxicity of mutagens and free radicals. The antimutagenicity of fractions was evaluated against the reactive carcinogenic ester generating mutagen, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) and frame-shift mutation inducing mutagen, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) in Ames Salmonella typhimurium TA98 tester strain. Among the fractions, CaFE showed strongest protective effect against the mutagenicity of both S9-dependent and direct-acting mutagen with an inhibitory percentage of 81% and 64% at the concentration of 1 × 103 and 2.5 × 103 respectively. All the fractions were analyzed for free radical scavenging activity using DPPH, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion assays. CaFE fraction showed maximum antioxidant activity in comparison to other fractions with an IC50 of 97.01, 172.36, 144 and 264.79 μg/ml respectively. High performance liquid chromatography showed the presence of catechin, epicatechin and umbelliferone in appreciable amount which may account for its efficacy in combating free radicals and also showed protective effect against the mutagenicity of S9-dependent mutagen, 2-AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Paramjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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95
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Ramsaha S, Neergheen-Bhujun VS, Verma S, Kumar A, Bharty RK, Chaudhary AK, Sharma P, Singh RK, Huzar Futty Beejan P, Kyung-Sun K, Bahorun T. Modulation of hepatocarcinogenesis in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea treated Balb/c mice by mushroom extracts. Food Funct 2016; 7:594-609. [PMID: 26574664 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective potential of edible mushrooms from Mauritius, namely Pleurotus sajor-caju and Agaricus bisporus was evaluated using an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis Balb/c mice model. Mushroom extracts restored normal weight in MNU treated mice over a 3 month supplementation period. Blood parameter analyses indicated a clear modulation of hemoglobin concentration, leukocyte, platelet, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil counts in MNU-induced mice (p < 0.05). Mushroom extract supplementation effectively reduced oxidative damage in MNU-primed mice, which was marked by a significant decrease in the extent of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) and a concomitant increase in the enzymatic antioxidant levels, primarily catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase, and FRAP values (p < 0.05). DNA protective effects of the extracts were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, where, the MNU-DNA interaction, as evidenced by an intense peak at 1254 cm(-1), was normalized. The findings demonstrate hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-carcinogenic effects and suggest the use of mushrooms as potential dietary prophylactics in cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Ramsaha
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius. and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, CBBR, Building, MSIRI, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius.
| | - Vidushi S Neergheen-Bhujun
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius. and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, CBBR, Building, MSIRI, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius.
| | - Shalini Verma
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Bharty
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Chaudhary
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poornima Sharma
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Huzar Futty Beejan
- Mushroom Unit, Food and Agricultural Research and Extension Institute, La Brasserie, Republic of Mauritius
| | - Kang Kyung-Sun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, CBBR, Building, MSIRI, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius.
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96
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Chemopreventive effect and lack of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of the exopolysaccharide botryosphaeran on human lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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97
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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090581. [PMID: 27657126 PMCID: PMC5037565 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in the anti-cancer activity of polyphenols will also be highlighted. In addition, the potential of polyphenols to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) via various mechanisms will be explained. Recently, the use of natural products as chemotherapeutics and chemopreventive drugs to overcome the side effects and resistance that arise from using chemical-based agents has garnered the attention of the scientific community. Polyphenol research is considered a promising field in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
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98
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Słoczyńska K, Pańczyk K, Waszkielewicz AM, Marona H, Pękala E. In vitro mutagenic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities evaluation and biotransformation of some bioactive 4-substituted 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine derivatives. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:593-601. [PMID: 27450225 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro mutagenic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant potency evaluation and biotransformation of six novel 4-substituted 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine derivatives demonstrating antidepressant-like activity were investigated. Mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were assessed using the Ames test; free radical scavenging activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and biotransformation was performed with liver microsomes. It was found that all tested compounds are not mutagenic in bacterial strains TA100 and TA1535 and exhibit antimutagenic effects in the Ames test. Noteworthy, compounds possessing propyl linker between phenoxyl and N-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine displayed more pronounced antimutagenic properties than derivatives with ethoxyethyl linker. Additionally, compounds 2 and 6 in vitro biotransformation showed that primarily their hydroxylated or O-dealkylated metabolites are formed. Some of the compounds exhibited intrinsic clearance values lower than those reported previously for antidepressant imipramine. To sum up, the results of the present study might represent a valuable step in designing and planning future studies with piperazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medycznz Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pańczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland
| | - Anna M Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medycznz Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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99
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da Silva RA, Dihl RR, Dias LP, Costa MP, de Abreu BRR, Cunha KS, Lehmann M. DNA damage protective effect of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:431-41. [PMID: 27560988 PMCID: PMC5004822 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and derivatives, such as juices, are complex mixtures of chemicals, some of which may have mutagenic and/or carcinogenic potential, while others may have antimutagenic and/or anticancer activities. The modulating effects of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar (HSCAN), on somatic mutation and recombination induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and mitomycin C (MMC) were evaluated with the wing spot test in Drosophila melanogaster using co- and post-treatment protocols. Additionally, the antimutagenic activity of two HSCAN components, cashew apple pulp and honey, in MMC-induced DNA damage was also investigated. HSCAN reduced the mutagenic activity of both EMS and MMC in the co-treatment protocol, but had a co-mutagenic effect when post-administered. Similar results were also observed with honey on MMC mutagenic activity. Cashew apple pulp was effective in exerting protective or enhancing effects on the MMC mutagenicity, depending on the administration protocol and concentration used. Overall, these results indicate that HSCAN, cashew apple and honey seem capable of modulating not only the events that precede the induced DNA damages, but also the Drosophila DNA repair processes involved in the correction of EMS and MMC-induced damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética (TOXIGEN), Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBIOSAÚDE),
Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI),
Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Dihl
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética (TOXIGEN), Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBIOSAÚDE),
Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Dias
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI),
Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Maiane Papke Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética (TOXIGEN), Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBIOSAÚDE),
Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Regina Ribas de Abreu
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética (TOXIGEN), Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBIOSAÚDE),
Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Kênya Silva Cunha
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e
Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de
Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lehmann
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética (TOXIGEN), Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBIOSAÚDE),
Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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100
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Roberto MM, Jamal CM, Malaspina O, Marin-Morales MA. Antigenotoxicity and antimutagenicity of ethanolic extracts of Brazilian green propolis and its main botanical source determined by the Allium cepa test system. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:257-69. [PMID: 27223486 PMCID: PMC4910559 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian green propolis is a resinous substance prepared by bees from parts of the
plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. As it possess several biological
properties, this work assessed the cytotoxic/anticytotoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic
and mutagenic/antimutagenic potential of ethanolic extracts of Brazilian green
propolis (EEGP) and of B. dracunculifolia (EEBD), by means of the
Allium cepa test system. The effects were evaluated by assessing
the chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies on meristematic and
F1 generation cells from onion roots. Chemical analyses performed with the extracts
showed differences in flavonoid quality and quantity. No genotoxic or mutagenic
potential was detected, and both extracts were capable of inhibiting cellular damage
caused by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment, reducing the frequencies of CA and
MN. By these data, we can infer that, independent of their flavonoid content, the
extracts presented a protective effect in A. cepa cells against the
clastogenicity of MMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Mantuanelli Roberto
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Masrouah Jamal
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudo de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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