51
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Qin X, Hao X, Han H, Zhu S, Yang Y, Wu B, Hussain S, Parveen S, Jing C, Ma B, Zhu C. Design and Synthesis of Potent and Multifunctional Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Based on Quinoxalinones. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1254-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Qin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Bobin Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Saghir Hussain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Jing
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
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52
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Baruah A, Buttar NS. Chemoprevention in Barrett's oesophagus. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 29:151-65. [PMID: 25743463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Increasing incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma along with poor survival entails novel preventive strategies. Agents that target pro-oncogenic pathways in Barrett's mucosa could halt this neoplastic transformation. In this review, we will use epidemiological associations and molecular mechanisms to identify novel chemoprevention targets in Barrett's oesophagus. We will also discuss recent chemoprevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Baruah
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Navtej S Buttar
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA.
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53
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Jyoti S, Siddique YH, Khan S, Naz F, Rahul, Ali F. Effect on micronucleus frequency and DNA damage in buccal epithelial cells of various factors among pan masala and gutkha chewers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1348-8643(14)00030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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54
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LI C, EOM T, JEONG Y. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Extract Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW Macrophages. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 61:375-81. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei LI
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University
| | - Taekil EOM
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University
| | - Yoonhwa JEONG
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University
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55
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Iweala EEJ, Liu FF, Cheng RR, Li Y, Omonhinmin CA, Zhang YJ. Anti-Cancer and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Nigerian Food Plants in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2015.41.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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56
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Dietary Factors in Relation to Helicobacter pylori Infection. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:826910. [PMID: 25574164 PMCID: PMC4275652 DOI: 10.1155/2014/826910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. Helicobacter pylori (HP) and diet are both risk factors for gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Helicobacter pylori infection and dietary habits common in Khuzestan province. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011–2013 on 374 patients. Participants were interviewed using a food frequency questionnaire and tissue sample of the antrum was sent for pathology lab. The histopathological major variables were graded on a scale of 3 (mild, moderate, and severe) and data analyzed using nonparametric tests. Results. In this study, of 160 patients (43%) that were determined, 8.1 percent had severe contamination. Among dietary patterns, relationship between energy intake and carbohydrate with H. pylori was significant. A direct association was found between mean daily intakes of sausage (P = 0.001) and burgers (P < 0.05) with HP infection. Low intake of fresh vegetables and fruits was the most significant risk factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion. There is a possibility that some dietary factors such as consumption of fast foods and low intake of fresh vegetables may increase the chance of HP and severity of this infection.
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Abrehdari Z, Pirestani M, Allahdini P, Safarpour E. Characterization of anti-inflammatory responses of norepinephrine in hepatitis induced by LPS: Effects on expression of IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS in liver of mice. NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712414030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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58
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Use of insulin to decrease septic shock-induced myocardial depression in a porcine model. Inflammation 2014; 36:1494-502. [PMID: 23887895 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is known to attenuate septic shock-induced myocardial depression. Possible mechanisms include an anti-inflammatory or inotropic effect of insulin. The objective of this study was to determine whether the mechanism of action of insulin in attenuating septic shock-induced myocardial depression is through an immunomodulatory effect. Fourteen pigs were assigned to one of two groups. Both groups received a 4-h infusion of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin from Escherichia coli 0111:B4. Group 2 additionally received insulin at 1.5 U/kg/h with infusions of D50 normal saline and KCl to maintain normal serum glucose and potassium levels. Cardiac function was measured with shortening fraction using transthoracic echocardiogram. Plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were obtained every 30 min. Postmortem cytokine analysis and histomorphology were performed on the heart tissue. Although insulin attenuated septic shock-induced myocardial depression, this was not due to an anti-inflammatory effect and, therefore, likely resulted from an inotropic effect of insulin.
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Lee JS, Shin JH, Hwang JH, Baek JE, Choi BS. Malondialdehyde and 3-nitrotyrosine in exhaled breath condensate in retired elderly coal miners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Saf Health Work 2014; 5:91-6. [PMID: 25180140 PMCID: PMC4147217 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of occupational mortality in miners exposed to coal mine dust. Although the inflammatory mediators involved in COPD have not been defined, many studies have shown that inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in orchestrating the complex inflammatory process in COPD. Methods To investigate the relevance of exhaled biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative stress in participants with COPD, we determined the levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in 90 retired elderly coal miners (53 non-COPD and 37 COPD participants). Results Mean levels of MDA (4.64 nM vs. 6.46 nM, p = 0.005) and 3-NT (3.51 nM vs. 5.50 nM, p = 0.039) in EBC were significantly higher in participants with COPD. The median level of MDA did show statistical difference among the COPD severities (p = 0.017), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for MDA (0.67) for the diagnostic discrimination of COPD indicated the biomarker. The optimal cutoff values were 5.34 nM (64.9% sensitivity and 64.2% specificity) and 5.58 nM (62.2% sensitivity and 62.3% specificity) for MDA and 3-NT, respectively. The results suggest that high levels of MDA and 3-NT in EBC are associated with COPD in retired elderly miners. Conclusion These results showed that the elevated levels of EBC MDA and EBC 3-NT in individuals with COPD are biomarkers of oxidative or nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seong Lee
- Occupational Lung Diseases Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Occupational Lung Diseases Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ju-Hwan Hwang
- Occupational Lung Diseases Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jin Ee Baek
- Occupational Lung Diseases Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Ansan, Korea
| | - Byung-Soon Choi
- Occupational Lung Diseases Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Ansan, Korea
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Huang XJ, Ren W, Li J, Chen LY, Mei ZN. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of ethanol extract of pendulous monkshood root in vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3569-73. [PMID: 23886147 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Pendulous monkshood root is traditionally used for the treatment of several inflammatory pathologies such as rheumatisms, wounds, pain and tumors in China. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities and the mechanism of crude ethanol extract of pendulous monkshood root (EPMR) were evaluated and investigated in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic effects of EPMR on different tumor cell lines were determined by the MTT method. Cell apoptosis and cell nucleus morphology were assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) levels and intracellular oxidative stress in peritoneal macrophages were determined to further elucidate mechanisms of action. RESULTS The data showed that EPMR could produce significant dose-dependent toxicity on three kinds of tumor cells. Furthermore, EPMR displayed obvious anti- inflammatory effects on LPS-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages at the dosage of 4 - 200 μg/mL. The results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Pendulous Monkshood Root on cancer and inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that EPMR has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, suggesting that pendulous monkshood root may be a useful anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory reagent in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.
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61
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Park MH, Han JS. Protective Effect of Padina arborescens Extract against High Glucose-induced Oxidative Damage in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 18:11-7. [PMID: 24471104 PMCID: PMC3867148 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2013.18.1.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of endothelial cells is considered a major cause of vascular complications in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Padina arborescens extract against high glucose-induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). High-concentration of glucose (30 mM) treatment induced cytotoxicity whereas Padina arborescens extract protected the cells from high glucose-induced damage and significantly restored cell viability. In addition, lipid peroxidation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels induced by high glucose treatment were effectively inhibited by treatment of Padina arborescens extract in a dose-dependent manner. High glucose treatment also induced the overexpressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and NF-κB proteins in HUVECs, but Padina arborescens extract treatment reduced the over-expressions of these proteins. These findings indicate the potential benefits of Padina arborescens extract as a valuable source in reducing the oxidative damage induced by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hwa Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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KIM MINJEONG, LEE HYEHYEON, JEONG JINWOO, SEO MINJEONG, KANG BYOUNGWON, PARK JEONGUCK, KIM KYOUNGSOOK, CHO YOUNGSU, SEO KWONIL, KIM GIYOUNG, KIM JUNGIN, CHOI YUNGHYUN, JEONG YONGKEE. Anti-inflammatory effects of 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxyflavone via NF-κB inactivation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1197-203. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Tseng CK, Lin CK, Chang HW, Wu YH, Yen FL, Chang FR, Chen WC, Yeh CC, Lee JC. Aqueous extract of Gracilaria tenuistipitata suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation in RAW 264.7 and rat peritoneal macrophages and exerts hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride-treated rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86557. [PMID: 24475143 PMCID: PMC3903563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the previous investigations of bioactivity of aqueous extract of the edible Gracilaria tenuistipitata (AEGT) against H2O2-induced DNA damage and hepatitis C virus replication, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential therapeutic properties of AEGT against inflammation and hepatotoxicity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells, primary rat peritoneal macrophages and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatitis model in rats. AEGT concentration-dependently inhibited the elevated RNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, thereby reducing nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 levels, respectively. Moreover, AEGT significantly suppressed the production of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. These inhibitory effects were associated with the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation by AEGT in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, we highlighted the hepatoprotective and curative effects of AEGT in a rat model of CCl4-intoxicated acute liver injury, which was evident from reduction in the elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels as well as amelioration of histological damage by pre-treatment or post-treatment of AEGT. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that AEGT may serve as a potential supplement in the prevention or amelioration of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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64
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Liu RH. Dietary bioactive compounds and their health implications. J Food Sci 2014; 78 Suppl 1:A18-25. [PMID: 23789932 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is strong scientific evidence suggesting that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is negatively associated with risk of developing chronic diseases. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend at least 9 servings of fruits and vegetables a day based on a 2000 kcal diet. However, the average person in the United States consumes 3.6 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. In order to achieve the goal of at least 9 servings, we should continue educating Americans about the health benefits of fruits and vegetables and recommend consumers to eat a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. The key is to increase the amount up to 9 to 13 servings of fruits and vegetables a day in all forms. Fresh, cooked, and processed fruits and vegetables including frozen and canned, 100% fruit juices, 100% vegetable juices, and dried fruits are all considered as servings of fruits and vegetables. A wide variety of fruits and vegetables provide a range of nutrients and different bioactive compounds including phytochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids), vitamins (vitamin C, folate, and provitamin A), minerals (potassium, calcium, and magnesium), and fibers. More and more evidence suggests that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables are attributed to the additive and synergistic interactions of the phytochemicals present in whole foods by targeting multiple signal transduction pathways. Therefore, consumers should obtain nutrients and bioactive compounds from a wide variety of whole foods for optimal nutrition and health well-being, not from expensive dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hai Liu
- Dept. of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.
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Arya V, Kumar D, Gautam M. Phytopharmacological review on flowers: Source of inspiration for drug discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Altun A, Temiz TK, Balcı E, Polat ZA, Turan M. Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor E7080 and eNOS inhibitor L-NIO on colorectal cancer alone and in combination. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 25:572-84. [PMID: 24255582 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2013.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of E7080 and N (5)-(1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine dihydrochloride (L-NIO) on colorectal cancer alone and in combination. METHODS HT29 colorectal cancer cell line from Sap Institute was used. Real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence system) was performed to determine the effects of E7080 and L-NIO on colorectal cell proliferation. While apoptosis was determined with Annexin V staining, and the effect of agents on angiogenesis was determined with chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. RESULTS We found that E7080 has a strong antiproliferative effect with an half maximum inhibition of concentration (IC50) value of 5.60×10(-8) mol/L. Also it has been observed that E7080 showed antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancer cells. Antiangiogenic scores of E7080 were 1.2, 1.0 and 0.6 for 100, 10 and 1 nmol/L E7080 concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, apoptosis has been detected in 71% of HT29 colorectal cancer cells after administration of 100 nmol/L E7080 which may indicate strong apoptotic effect. Meanwhile administration of L-NIO alone did not show any effect, but the combination of E7080 with L-NIO increased the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects of E7080. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate that E7080 may be a good choice in treatment of colorectal tumors. Furthermore the increased effects of E7080 when combined with L-NIO raise the possibility to use a lower dose of E7080 and therefore avoid/minimize the side effects observed with E7080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Altun
- Department of Pharmacology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas 58140, Turkey
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Chen LJ, Sun BH, Qu JP, Xu S, Li S. Avermectin induced inflammation damage in king pigeon brain. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2528-2534. [PMID: 24134892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effect of Avermectin (AVM) on inflammation damage in king pigeon brain, eighty two-month-old American king pigeons were randomly divided into four groups, and were fed with either commercial diet or AVM-supplemented diet containing 20 mg kg(-1)diet, 40 mg kg(-1)diet, and 60 mg kg(-1)diet AVM for 30, 60 and 90 d, respectively. Then, the expression level of inflammatory factors (iNOS, PTGEs, NF-κB), histological damage, and ultra-structural damage were examined. It showed that AVM caused higher expressions (P<0.05) of iNOS, PTGEs, NF-κB with disorganized histological and ultra-structural structures in cerebrum, cerebellum, and optic lobe. Meanwhile, inflammatory and histopathological damage were induced by AVM in king pigeon brains. In addition, the main targeted organelle in nervous system was mitochondria, which indicated that mitochondria may be relevant to the process of inflammation induced by AVM. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to study the toxic effect of AVM on inflammatory damage in king pigeon. Thus, the information presented in this study is believed to be helpful in supplementing data for further AVM toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Chen
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
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Choudhari SK, Chaudhary M, Gadbail AR, Sharma A, Tekade S. Oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms in oral cancer and precancer: a review. Oral Oncol 2013; 50:10-8. [PMID: 24126222 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of cancer in humans is a multistep process. Complex series of cellular and molecular changes participating in cancer development are mediated by a diversity of endogenous and exogenous stimuli and important amongst this is generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive radicals and non-radicals are collectively known as ROS. These can produce oxidative damage to the tissues and hence are known as oxidants in biological system. Many researchers have documented the role of ROS in both initiation and promotion of multistep carcinogenesis. To mitigate the harmful effects of free radicals, all aerobic cells are endowed with extensive antioxidant defence mechanisms. Lowered antioxidant capacity or the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance can lead to oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules leading to cancer. Oral cavity cancer is an important cancer globally and tobacco is the primary etiological factor in its development. Tobacco consumption exposes the oral epithelium to toxic oxygen and nitrogen free radicals that can affect host antioxidant defence mechanisms. Elevated levels of ROS and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) and lowered antioxidants are found in oral precancer and cancer. Protection can be provided by various antioxidants against deleterious action of these free radicals. Treatment with antioxidants has the potential to prevent, inhibit and reverse the multiple steps involved in oral carcinogenesis. This review is an attempt to understand the interesting correlation between ROS and RNS mediated cell damage and enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence mechanisms involved in oral cancer development and its progression and the use of antioxidants in oral cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Korde Choudhari
- Dept of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Mumbai 410 210, India.
| | - Minal Chaudhary
- Dept of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 001, India.
| | - Amol R Gadbail
- Dept of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 001, India.
| | - Aparna Sharma
- Dept of Oral Pathology, VSPM Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 019, India.
| | - Satyajit Tekade
- Dept of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Modern Dental College & Research Centre, Gandhi Nagar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453112, India.
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Pérez-Cruz F, Vazquez-Rodriguez S, Matos MJ, Herrera-Morales A, Villamena FA, Das A, Gopalakrishnan B, Olea-Azar C, Santana L, Uriarte E. Synthesis and Electrochemical and Biological Studies of Novel Coumarin–Chalcone Hybrid Compounds. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6136-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400546y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pérez-Cruz
- Free Radical and Antioxidants
Laboratory, Inorganic and Analytical Department, Faculty of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Polhammer 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Saleta Vazquez-Rodriguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria João Matos
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandra Herrera-Morales
- Free Radical and Antioxidants
Laboratory, Inorganic and Analytical Department, Faculty of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Polhammer 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department of Pharmacology and
Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Amlan Das
- Department of Pharmacology and
Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Bhavani Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology and
Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Claudio Olea-Azar
- Free Radical and Antioxidants
Laboratory, Inorganic and Analytical Department, Faculty of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Polhammer 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lourdes Santana
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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70
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David E G Shuker And Diane J Benford. DNA modification in carcinogen risk assessment in relation to diet: recent advances and some perspectives from a MAFF workshop. Biomarkers 2013; 2:265-78. [PMID: 23889108 DOI: 10.1080/135475097231490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Food is one of the ultimate complex mixtures to which man is exposed and which cannot easily be dispensed with. Apart from certain well studied microcomponents for example, food pyrolysates, Sugimura 1990 human exposure to genotoxic agents arising from macrocomponents has been relatively little studied from the standpoint of DNA damage. The results of epidemiological studies into the relationship between diet and cancer have left many researchers with the impression that it is an intrinsically intractable problem which is perhaps best left well alone. However, given the popular conception that the normal human diet is safe and that such risks as there may be are due to contamination by pesticide and other chemical residues, there is clearly a need to evaluate the possible avenues open to investigators and which are likely to yield meaningful results which would enable scientifically based advice to be given to the public as to the best dietary habits. This overview of the current state of methodology for measurement of DNA damage in relation to diet as well as a summary of current MAFF supported work and future prospects in this area arose out of a workshop entitled DNA modification in carcinogen risk assessment held in London on November 18, 1996 . The object of this report is to summarize the results presented at the workshop and also to indicate the significance of the MAFF funded programme within the broader context of recently published studies from the international scientific community. Hence, a comprehensive review of all aspects of diet related DNA damage is beyond the scope of this article. The workshop was organized as part of the MAFF Risk Assessment Research Programme and contributes to an interdepartmental initiative, the Government Research Councils Initiative on Risk Assessment and Toxicology RATSC which aims to bring together regulators and toxicologists to discuss their respective perspectives on current problems in the risk assessment of chemicals. Further aims of RATSC are to identify subjects for future detailed workshops on specific issues and to identify priorities for research into toxic chemical risk assessment. The membership of RATSC is drawn from a wide range of Government Departments and Research Councils and is chaired by Dr David Shannon MAFF Chief Scientist.
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71
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Wilson GS, George J. Physical and chemical insults induce inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Lett 2013; 345:190-5. [PMID: 23879959 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation associated with viral and bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and liver renders these organs susceptible to tumour development. There is also a growing body of evidence demonstrating that chemical and physical insults promote GI cancers by inducing inflammation. For example, excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking induces inflammation and gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Likewise, drinking hot beverages and intentional or accidental exposure to toxic substances leads to inflammation and GI cancer formation. However, further work needs to be undertaken using animal models to separate the direct carcinogenic effects of physical and chemical insults from the indirect effects of these insults to promote tumor formation through tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Wilson
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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72
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Kaur T, Khanduja KL, Kaushik T, Kaushik G, Gupta R, Gupta NM, Vaiphei K. P53, COX-2, iNOS Protein Expression Changes and Their Relationship with Anti-Oxidant Enzymes in Surgically and Multi-Modality Treated Esophageal Carcinoma Patients. J Chemother 2013; 18:74-84. [PMID: 16572897 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2006.18.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma has a high incidence in India but its etiology remains unknown. In the present study the correlation between apoptosis regulatory proteins and anti-oxidant enzymes in 40 esophageal carcinoma patients was examined. Patients in one group were operated by transhiatal esophagectomy and in the second group were administered cisplatin (30 mg/m2/day) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (750 mg/m2/day) daily for three days followed by surgery after four weeks of neo-adjuvant therapy (NAT). Complete pathological response was achieved in 15% of patients. Results obtained by Western blot analysis showed over-expressed p53 and COX-2 protein levels in the tumor tissues as compared to the adjoining tissue and its paired normal mucosa in both groups of patients. Immunohistochemical studies showed heterogenous p53 staining pattern with sections showing both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining with 36.8% mild, 10.5% moderate and 52.6% intense p53 immunoreactivity. Both COX-2 and iNOS immunostaining revealed 25% negative and 75% mild to strongly positive immunoreactivity. Correlation studies demonstrated a positive relationship between p53 and COX-2 (P=0.030; r = +0.70) in surgically treated patients. The association of COX-2 and p53 with various anti-oxidant enzymes showed a significantly positive correlation between COX-2 expression and catalase activity and an inverse correlation between p53 expression and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the tumor tissue of patients given NAT. In addition, we observed a negative trend between p53 expression levels and GPx enzyme levels in both the adjoining and tumor tissue of patients having undergone surgery as main mode of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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73
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Filip GA, Postescu ID, Bolfa P, Catoi C, Muresan A, Clichici S. Inhibition of UVB-induced skin phototoxicity by a grape seed extract as modulator of nitrosative stress, ERK/NF-kB signaling pathway and apoptosis, in SKH-1 mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:296-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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74
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Dimitrov MD, Pesheva MG, Venkov PV. New cell-based assay indicates dependence of antioxidant biological activity on the origin of reactive oxygen species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4344-4351. [PMID: 23586517 DOI: 10.1021/jf401045w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of the Ty1 transposon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to vary proportionally with the level of ROS generated in cells, which provides the possibility to determine antioxidant activity by changes in a cellular process instead of using chemical reactions. The study of propolis, royal jelly, and honey with the newly developed Ty1antiROS test reveals an inverse exponential dependence of antioxidant activity on increased concentrations. This dependence can be transformed to proportional by changing the source of ROS: instead of cell-produced to applied as hydrogen peroxide. The different test responses are not due to excess of added hydrogen peroxide, as evidenced by the exponential dependence found by usage of yap1Δ tester cells accumulating cell-generated ROS. Results indicate that the activity of antioxidants to oxidative radicals depends on the origin of ROS, and this activity is elevated for cell-generated ROS compared to ROS added as reagents in the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Dimitrov
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria.
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75
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Abstract
Regular consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other plant foods has been negatively correlated with the risk of the development of chronic diseases. There is a huge gap between the average consumption of fruits and vegetables in Americans and the amount recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The key is to encourage consumers to increase the total amount to 9 to 13 servings of fruits and vegetables in all forms available. Fresh, processed fruits and vegetables including frozen and canned, cooked, 100% fruit juices and 100% vegetable juices, as well as dry fruits are all considered as servings of fruits and vegetables per day. A wide variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other plant foods provide a range of nutrients and different bioactive compounds including phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals, and fibers. Potatoes serve as one of the low-fat foods with unique nutrients and phytochemical profiles, particularly rich in vitamin C, vitamin B-6, potassium, manganese, and dietary fibers. Potatoes provide 25% of vegetable phenolics in the American diet, the largest contributors among the 27 vegetables commonly consumed in the United States, including flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol), phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid), and carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin). More and more evidence suggests that the health benefits of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other plant foods are attributed to the synergy or interactions of bioactive compounds and other nutrients in whole foods. Therefore, consumers should obtain their nutrients, antioxidants, bioactive compounds, and phytochemicals from a balanced diet with a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other plant foods for optimal nutrition, health, and well-being, not from dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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76
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Lee J, Yang G, Lee K, Lee MH, Eom JW, Ham I, Choi HY. Anti-inflammatory effect of Prunus yedoensis through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB in macrophages. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:92. [PMID: 23631356 PMCID: PMC3659032 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Prunus yedoensis (PY) is a traditional anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory herb medicine used in South Korea. However, until date, little is known regarding its mechanism of action. Methods In order to elucidate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of PY, the constituents of PY were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were measured enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were also measured by western blotting in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells treated with PY. Results The results indicate that (50, 100 μg/mL) methanol and ethyl acetate fractionation extracts of PY not only inhibited LPS-mediated NO production and iNOS expression, but also decreased LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression. The anti-inflammatory effects of PY were also due to the attenuation of nuclear translocation of NF-κB, as evaluated by the use of anti-p50 on nuclear fractions. LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB decreased significantly by the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of PY. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses revealed that methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction have similar patterns of retention time and peaks. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that methanol extracts and the ethyl acetate fraction of PY have anti-inflammatory properties, thus emphasizing the potential of PY as a natural health product.
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77
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Kwon HJ, Sung BK, Kim JW, Lee JH, Kim ND, Yoo MA, Kang HS, Baek HS, Bae SJ, Choi JS, Takahashi R, Goto S, Chung HY. The effect of lipopolysaccharide on enhanced inflammatory process with age: Modulation of NF-κB. J Am Aging Assoc 2013; 24:163-71. [PMID: 23604881 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-001-0017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to be a causative factor for age-related damage in a wide variety of cellular constituents that can lead to dysfunction and various pathological conditions, including the inflammatory process. At the molecular level, the redox-sensitive transcription factor, NF-κB plays a key role in the regulation of the inflammatory process, along with cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We studied the mechanism underlying the modulation of the inflammatory reaction with age by investigating NF-κB activation and the expression of COX-2, iNOS, and cytokines genes in hepatic tissues isolated from young and old rats. We expanded our investigation of these factors in rats injected with the inflammatory activator, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Data showed that NF-κB activity was up-regulated with age and was further enhanced by LPS injection, indicating an increased susceptibility and sensitivity to the inflammatory stimulus with age. To explore further the molecular events leading to NF-κB activation, we investigated the inhibitory component of NF-κB complex, IκB. Cytosolic IκBα, but not IκBβ, was significantly decreased in both old and LPS-treated rats, signifying the enhanced migration of cytosolic NF-κB complex into the nucleus following dissociation from the inhibitor. The appearance of the polypeptide, p65, as determined in the nucleus, corresponded with the change in IκBα, providing further supporting evidence for the molecular process involved in NF-κB activation. Our additional investigation of two proinflammatory-related enzymes, COX-2 and iNOS, and three cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α, clearly showed aged-related increases, in corroboration with the NF-κB activation. Our results demonstrated that LPS injection caused the enhanced gene expression of inducible proinflammatory proteins, COX-2 and iNOS through NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735 Korea
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78
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Igual M, García-Martínez E, Camacho M, Martínez-Navarrete N. Jam processing and storage effects on β-carotene and flavonoids content in grapefruit. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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79
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Ma L, Chen H, Dong P, Lu X. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of extracts and compounds from the mushroom Inonotus obliquus. Food Chem 2013; 139:503-8. [PMID: 23561137 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom Inonotus obliquus (I. obliquus) has been used as functional food and traditional Chinese herbs for long time. An efficient method for bioassay-guided preparative isolation was used for identifying the anti-inflammatory and anticancer constituents in I. obliquus. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were found to have significant inhibition effects on NO production and NF-κB luciferase activity in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and cytotoxicity against human prostatic carcinoma cell PC3 and breast carcinoma cell MDA-MB-231. Six main constituents were isolated from these two fractions and they were identified as lanosterol (1), 3β-hydroxy-8,24-dien-21-al (2), ergosterol (3), inotodiol (4), ergosterol peroxide (5) and trametenolic acid (6). Compound ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide and trametenolic acid showed anti-inflammatory activities and ergosterol peroxide and trametenolic acid showed obviously cytotoxicity on human prostatic carcinoma cell PC3 and breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cell. The results obtained in this work might contribute to understanding the biological activity of mushroom I. obliquus for food and drug application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuai Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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80
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Kim KN, Ko YJ, Kang MC, Yang HM, Roh SW, Oda T, Jeon YJ, Jung WK, Heo SJ, Yoon WJ, Kim D. Anti-inflammatory effects of trans-1,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxypropane-1-one mediated by suppression of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:371-5. [PMID: 23266270 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To assess the potential therapeutic properties of trans-1,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxypropane-1-one (DPEP), its anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells. DPEP induced dose-dependent reduction of the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and concomitant reduction in the production of NO and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Additionally, DPEP suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. We investigated the mechanism by which DPEP inhibits NO and PGE(2) by examining the level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which is an inflammation-induced signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. DPEP inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38. Furthermore, DPEP inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor κB (IκB)-α and NF-κB p50. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that DPEP inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammation by blocking the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kil-Nam Kim
- Marine Bio Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
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81
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Venugopal R, Liu RH. Phytochemicals in diets for breast cancer prevention: The importance of resveratrol and ursolic acid. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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82
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Kundu S, Ghosh P, Datta S, Ghosh A, Chattopadhyay S, Chatterjee M. Oxidative stress as a potential biomarker for determining disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1482-9. [PMID: 22998065 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.727991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease where oxidative stress has been proposed to contribute to the joint tissue damage. To establish whether measurement of the redox status in blood mirrors the oxidant status at sites of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, we concomitantly examined their oxidant status by spectrophotometry and/or flow cytometry. The basal levels of total reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were significantly raised in neutrophils sourced from peripheral blood and synovial infiltrate, as also showed a strong positive correlation; however, there was no major increase in the reactive nitrogen species RNS generated in monocytes from both sources. Furthermore, raised levels of superoxide in neutrophils of synovial infiltrate showed a positive correlation with NADPH oxidase activity in synovial fluid. Additionally, as ROS generated in both peripheral blood and synovial infiltrate correlated positively with both DAS 28 and CRP/anti-CCP levels, its measurement can serve as an indirect measure of the degree of inflammation in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Kundu
- Departments of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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83
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Heo SJ, Yoon WJ, Kim KN, Oh C, Choi YU, Yoon KT, Kang DH, Qian ZJ, Choi IW, Jung WK. Anti-inflammatory effect of fucoxanthin derivatives isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3336-42. [PMID: 22735499 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of fucoxanthin (FX) derivatives, which was isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum were evaluated by examining their inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The FX derivatives were isolated from activity-guided chloroform fraction using inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production and identified as 9'-cis-(6'R) fucoxnathin (FXA), and 13-cis and 13'-cis-(6'R) fucoxanthin complex (FXB) on the basis of a comparison of NMR spectroscopic data. Both FXA and FXB significantly inhibited the NO production and showed slightly reduce the PGE2 production. However, FXB exhibited cytotoxicity at the whole tested concentration, therefore, the results of FXA was only illustrate for further experiments. FXA induced dose-dependent reduction in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) proteins as well as mRNA expression. In addition, FXA reduced the LPS-stimulated production and mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner whereas IL-1β production do not inhibit by addition of FXA. Taken together, these findings indicate that the anti-inflammatory properties of FXA may be due to the inhibition of iNOS/NO pathway which associated with the attenuation of TNF-α and IL-6 formation. Thus FXA may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Heo
- Global Bioresources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
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84
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Lignan constituents of Tilia amurensis and their biological evaluation on antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3680-6. [PMID: 22819933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the recent decade, numerous lignan derivatives isolated from plants have been proven to have the potential as an anti-cancer substance. On the search for anti-cancer compounds from Korean medicinal plants, the methanolic extract from the trunk of Tilia amurensis Rupr. (Tiliaceae) was found to have significant cytotoxicity against A549 (lung carcinoma), SK-OV-3 (ovary malignant ascites), SK-MEL-2 (skin melanoma), and HCT-15 (colon adenocarcinoma) in our screening test. Hence, a bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation and identification of 10 lignan derivatives (1-10) including two new lignan glycosides named tiliamurosides A (1) and B (2). The structures of these new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, namely 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), circular dichroism (CD) data, and chemical methods. Tiliamuroside B (2) and schizandriside (3) showed significant cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.26-8.89 μM. Moreover, (-)-syringaresinol (8) and (-)-pinoresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in murine microglia BV-2 with IC50 values of 15.05 and 34.35 μM, respectively.
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85
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Korde Choudhari S, Sridharan G, Gadbail A, Poornima V. Nitric oxide and oral cancer: a review. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:475-83. [PMID: 22356896 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a short-lived, endogenously produced gas, plays key role in various physiological as well as pathological processes. NO-inducing cell signaling events within the cell producing it and the diffusibility of it in other cells have led to the discovery of various physiological functions of NO including vasodilation, respiration, cell migration, immune response and apoptosis. On the other hand, excessive and unregulated NO synthesis has been implicated in many pathophysiological conditions including cancer. Research on NO, during the past few years is one of the growing areas in cancer biology. The high incidence of oral cancer and precancer has been linked with habits of tobacco chewing and smoking and NO has been said as the "messenger of death" in tobacco related diseases. NO seems to play a part in various stages of carcinogenesis from initiation to progression. However, there is considerable controversy and confusion in understanding its role in cancer biology. It is said to have both, tumoricidal as well as tumor promoting effects and these depend on its timing, location and concentration. Further, NO has also been shown to have antitumor, chemopreventive and therapeutic abilities. Here is an overview in which efforts are made to understand the role of this molecule in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Korde Choudhari
- Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology & Microbiology, Yerala Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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86
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Lee SJ, Kim EK, Kim YS, Hwang JW, Lee KH, Choi DK, Kang H, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Park PJ. Purification and characterization of a nitric oxide inhibitory peptide from Ruditapes philippinarum. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1660-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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87
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Kaisoon O, Konczak I, Siriamornpun S. Potential health enhancing properties of edible flowers from Thailand. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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88
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Angrisano T, Lembo F, Peluso S, Keller S, Chiariotti L, Pero R. Helicobacter pylori regulates iNOS promoter by histone modifications in human gastric epithelial cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 2012; 201:249-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-011-0227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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89
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived pleiotropic regulator and is required for numerous pathophysiological functions, including macrophage-mediated immunity and cancer. It is a highly reactive free radical produced from l-arginine by different isoforms of NO synthases (NOSs). Sustained induction of inducible NOS (iNOS) during chronic inflammatory conditions leads to the formation of reactive intermediates of NO, which are mutagenic and cause DNA damage or impairment of DNA repair, alter cell signaling, and promote proinflammatory and angiogenic properties of the cell, thus contributing to carcinogenesis. Besides its well-established role in inflammation, increased expression of iNOS has been observed in colorectal tumors and other cancers. NO-related signaling pathways involved in colon tumorigenesis seem to progress through stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines and via posttranslational protein modifications of important antiapoptotic molecules in the tumors. NO can stimulate and enhance tumor cell proliferation by promoting invasive, angiogenic, and migratory activities. In contrast, studies also suggest that high levels of NO may be protective against tumor growth by inducing tumor cell death. However, a number of in vitro studies and particularly experimental animal data support the notion that NO and its reactive metabolite peroxynitrite stimulate cyclooxygenase-2 activity, leading to generation of prostaglandins that enhance tumor growth. These prostaglandins further augment tumor promotion and invasive properties of tumor cells. Hence, selective inhibitors of iNOS and combination strategies to inhibit both iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 may have a preventive role in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena B Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, PCS Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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90
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4′-Bromo-5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone represses lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:700-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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91
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Nayak B, Liu RH, Berrios JDJ, Tang J, Derito C. Bioactivity of antioxidants in extruded products prepared from purple potato and dry pea flours. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8233-43. [PMID: 21615124 DOI: 10.1021/jf200732p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Measuring antioxidant activity using a biologically relevant assay adds important evidence to aid in understanding the role of phytochemicals based on data from in vivo and chemical assays of extrusion processed purple potato and pea flours. A cellular antioxidant activity assay could provide biologically relevant information on bioactive compounds in raw as well as processed food products. The objective of this study was to investigate the complete phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity, cellular antioxidant activity, and their contribution to bioactivity in purple potato flour, dry pea flour, raw formulations, and extrusion cooked products prepared with the above ingredients. The free fraction of extracts contributed 68, 64, and 88% to total phenolics, total antioxidant activity (ORAC value), and total flavonoids, respectively, in purple potato flour (PPF). Similarly, extracts in the free fraction contributed 87, 86, and 64% to total phenolics, total antioxidant activity (ORAC value), and total flavonoids, respectively, in dry pea flour (DPF). The amount of total phenolics and total flavonoids in purple potato flour and the antioxidant activity of PPF and DPF were comparable to published data. However, a higher amount in the total flavonoids and lower in the total phenolics of DPF were observed. Caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids were mostly observed in the bound extracts of raw formulations as in the extrudates, whereas chlorogenic acid was predominant in the free extracts. The extruded products had significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of total phenolics, ORAC antioxidant activity, and flavonoids, compared to the raw formulations. Extrusion processing increased the cellular antioxidant activity of the extrudates prepared from 35:65 and 50:50 PPF/DPF (w/w) of ingredients compared with control raw formulations in a dose-dependent manner. Increase of PPF significantly increased (p < 0.05) the cellular antioxidant activity of 35-50% PPF formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balunkeswar Nayak
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
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92
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Cabrera M, López GV, Gómez LE, Breijo M, Pintos C, Botti H, Raymondo S, Vettorazzi A, Ceráin ALD, Monge A, Rubbo H, González M, Cerecetto H. Genetic toxicology and preliminaryin vivostudies of nitric oxide donor tocopherol analogs as potential new class of antiatherogenic agents. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 34:285-93. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2010.536769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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93
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Lee KH, Chu CC, Quimby F, Klaessig S. Molecular design of biologically active biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19981300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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94
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Kundu S, Bala A, Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay D, Mitra A, Sarkar A, Bauri AK, Ghosh A, Chattopadhyay S, Chatterjee M. Attenuation of oxidative stress by Allylpyrocatechol in synovial cellular infiltrate of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:518-26. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.555480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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95
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Identification of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells in lung microenvironment after Urethane-induced lung tumor. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:873-8. [PMID: 21238620 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth occurs by the imbalance between cells with effector function and cells with suppressor/regulatory functions. To investigate this scenario we administered the chemical carcinogen Urethane in BALB/c mice and followed these animals during 120 days to observe lung tumor development. In another set of experiments the same protocol was performed with the harvest of spleen, lung and blood at 20 and 30 days after Urethane injection. The lung was used for histology, spleen cells were evaluated for IFN-γ production, and serum nitrite was measured as an indirect form of nitric oxide (NO) evaluation. The spleen and lung-infiltrating cells were evaluated by flow cytometry for CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid suppressor cells and CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells. Urethane led to lung nodules development after 120 days and the time point evaluation showed that splenocytes stimulated ex vivo expressed higher levels of IFN-γ 20 days after the chemical injection. Also, the level of nitric oxide in serum was higher after 20 days of Urethane injection. There was no statistical difference in spleen cells percentages for CD11b+Gr-1+ and CD4+Foxp3+ in all groups. However, lung-infiltrating cells presented early (20 days) a higher expression of CD11b+Gr-1+ suggesting suppression at this site. In conclusion, it was possible to observe two distinct events at the very early time point after Urethane injection. In periphery there was an increase at the effector immune response (as depicted by IFN-γ-producing cells) and in tumor development site there was an increase at the suppressor cell (CD11b+Gr-1+) phenotype. Suppressor/regulatory cells are targets for cancer therapy.
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96
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Gold nanoparticles attenuate LPS-induced NO production through the inhibition of NF-κB and IFN-β/STAT1 pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:214-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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97
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The pathogenesis of Barrett's metaplasia and the progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Recent Results Cancer Res 2010; 182:39-63. [PMID: 20676870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70579-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The most important risk factor for the development of Barrett's esophagus is the reflux of both gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus. The reason why Barrett's metaplasia develops only in a minority of patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease remains unknown.The exact mechanism behind the transition of normal squamous epithelium into specialized columnar epithelium is also unclear. It is likely that stem cells are involved in this metaplastic change, as they are the only permanent residents of the epithelium. Several tumorigenic steps that lead to the underlying genetic instability, which is indispensable in the progression from columnar metaplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma have been described. This review outlines the process of pathogenesis of Barrett's metaplasia and its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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98
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Cella M, Farina MG, Dominguez Rubio AP, Di Girolamo G, Ribeiro ML, Franchi AM. Dual effect of nitric oxide on uterine prostaglandin synthesis in a murine model of preterm labour. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:844-55. [PMID: 20860663 PMCID: PMC2992899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Maternal infections are one of the main causes of adverse developmental outcomes including embryonic resorption and preterm labour. In this study a mouse model of inflammation-associated preterm delivery was developed, and used to study the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The murine model of preterm labour was achieved by assaying different doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Once established, it was used to analyse uterine levels of prostaglandins E(2) and F(2α) (by radioimmunoassay), cyclooxygenases (COX) and NOS proteins (by Western blot) and NO synthase (NOS) activity. Effects of inhibitors of COX and NOS on LPS-induced preterm labour were also studied. In vitro assays with a nitric oxide donor (SNAP) were performed to analyse the modulation of prostaglandin production by NO. KEY RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide increased uterine NO and PG synthesis and induced preterm delivery. Co-administration of meloxicam, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, or aminoguanidine, an inducible NOS inhibitor, prevented LPS-induced preterm delivery and blocked the increase in PGs and NO. Notably, the levels of NO were found to determine its effect on PG synthesis; low concentrations of NO reduced PG synthesis whereas high concentrations augmented them. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS An infection-associated model of preterm labour showed that preterm delivery can be prevented by decreasing PG or NO production. NO was found to have a dual effect on PG synthesis depending on its concentration. These data contribute to the understanding of the interaction between NO and PGs in pregnancy and parturition, and could help to improve neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cella
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Pregnancy and Labor, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (National Research Council - School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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99
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Paredes-López O, Cervantes-Ceja ML, Vigna-Pérez M, Hernández-Pérez T. Berries: improving human health and healthy aging, and promoting quality life--a review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:299-308. [PMID: 20645129 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the diet in relation to human health has increased the interest of consumers on nutraceuticals rich foods, and especially on fruits and vegetables. Berries are rich sources of a wide variety of antioxidant phenolics; these phytochemicals include flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins, and phenolic acids. Reactive oxidant species and free radicals are produced in an extensive range of physiological processes. In addition to the antioxidant defenses produced in the body, there are exogenous sources supplied by the diet; this is the case of berry fruits, among others. The insufficiency of antioxidant defense mechanisms is associated to the pathology of chronic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and diabetes. Therefore, the enforcement of the latter mechanisms is of the utmost importance. The isolation and characterization of compounds that may delay the onset of aging is receiving intense research attention; some berry phenolics are being associated with this functional performance. Berry phenolics may also act as antimicrobials which may be of help in the control of the wild spectra of pathogens, in view of recent problems associated with antibiotic resistance. Most of the research works on the antioxidant activity of bioactive constituents of berries has been carried out using in vitro assays. In view of this, the human studies investigating the bioavailability and potential toxicity of phenolics are receiving more attention. Finally, we would like to emphasize the necessity of associating new plant breeding and genetic studies of berries with the expression and overexpression of compounds for human health and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Paredes-López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libr. Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Apdo., Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, Mexico
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100
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Song W, Derito CM, Liu MK, He X, Dong M, Liu RH. Cellular antioxidant activity of common vegetables. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6621-9. [PMID: 20462192 DOI: 10.1021/jf9035832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of antioxidant activity using biologically relevant assays is important to screen fruits, vegetables, natural products, and dietary supplements for potential health benefits. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay quantifies antioxidant activity using a cell culture model and was developed to meet the need for a more biologically representative method than the popular chemistry antioxidant capacity measures. The objective of the study was to determine the CAA, total phenolic contents, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of 27 vegetables commonly consumed in the United States. Beets, broccoli, and red pepper had the highest CAA values, whereas cucumber had the lowest. CAA values were significantly correlated to total phenolic content. Potatoes were found to be the largest contributors of vegetable phenolics and CAA to the American diet. Increased fruit and vegetable consumption is an effective strategy to increase antioxidant intake and decrease oxidative stress and may lead to reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-7201, USA
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